第1章 十大词类和五种基本句型-2024-2025学年初中英语语法表解大全

第一部分 第一章十大词类和五种基本句型 第一部分 初中英语语法表解大全 第一章 十大词类和五种基本句型 I 十大词类 分类 词类 用法 作用 示 例 (1)Our teacher(主语)is telling us a funny story. (2)Miss Alice is our English teacher,(表语) 制 示事名 人物称 奏 语语语语 (3)I will invite our teacher to dinner tonight. (4) We chose Mr Smith model teacher..(宾语补足语) (5)Mrs White is a good teacher(定i语)trainer. (6)Ms Rose,our teacher(同位语)，attended our class meeting. (I)I(主语)bought a few books yesterday. (2)The book on the table is mine.(表i语) pron. 代词 代词词容 替、、词 名数形等 主表宾定 语语语 (3)Excuse me(宾语)for being late for school,. (4)Please pass the book to me,(宾语) 位语 (5)I(主语)leam English myself同位语)inmy(定语)spare time (1)Eight(主语)and zero is eight(表语). (2)The first(定语)boy is the first(表语)to come to school.. 实 数词 表目序 表宾定 语语 (3)At first(宾语)，the first(主语)didn't first come, 饰 (1) We love our beautiful(定i语)school. (2 Our school is beautiful (with trees and flowers. adj. (3)We try to make our school more beautiful.(宾语补足语) 词 形容词 词示事 ,人物 名表或的 定表补 语语语 (4)Our hometown looks beautiful(表i语)because it has a beautiful(定 语)scene which makes it beautiful(缤语补足语). 修子词 饰 句 (1) Strangely(修饰句子)，he went to college. (2) adv. Smoking can seriously(修饰动词)damage your health 副词 词 状语 (3)We should often(修饰知语动词)go over our lessons. 副词等 (4)The house is quite(修饰形容词)smal. (S)They are getting on yery(修饰副词)well with each other. (1)Thank(及物动词)you for your timely help. (2)He is waiting(不及物动词for you at the school gate. 表作态 (3)Mr Brown is（系s动词a very good man 动词 状 谓语 (4)It seems(系动词)a quiet place for study, (5) She has(助动词)studied English for3 years. (6)We should(情态动词)be honest to our parents (7)She caught up with(短语动词)us in study by working hard. (1) 表 名 The man stands there in silence(状语) pre吧 介词短语在 (2)The man is in silence(表语). 介词 中作状 (3)The man in silence(后置定i语)is a newcomer 的 定语 →The man who is in silence(定语从句)is a newcomer.. 关系 表语、补语 (4)I found him in silence(宾语补足语)in class. 一I found that he was in silence(宾语从句)in class. 接 词 (I)It is neither hot nor cold(连接单词)in winter here. 与短短 分为并列连 这里冬天不热不冷 虚 conj. 连词 语语 词和从属连 (2)They are working hard at school and at home(连接短语)because (连接状语从句)they know what(连接宾语从句)they study for. 词 用 (I)I have a computer(泛指)and the computer(特指)was sent to art, 前 表示泛指和 me as a birthday present last year. 冠词 词特指 (2)Mr Green is an engineer(泛指)and the engineer(特指)works 限定 in that chemistry factory. (1)Ah,how beautiful!啊，真美！（赞叹） 1L. 感叹词 表话情 示时感气 说的或 (2)Oh,dear me!啊，我的老天！（惊奇） (3)WeL,here we are at last!好了，我们终于到了！（欣慰） (4)Oh dear!What a pity！天哪，太可惜啦！（惋惜） 2 初中英语词汇语法表解大全 五种基本句型 句 型 示 例 (1）The spring wind is blowing..春风在吹。 了不接成分 (2)He should listen carefu山y in class.他在课上应专心听讲。 adv. (3)The sun rises in the east,.太阳从东方升起 主语+不及物动词叶 介词短语 等状语 to do (4)She'll go to see her sister this week.她本周要去看姐姐。 v.-ing 名词名词短语 (5)Ve often go swimming in summer,我们夏天经常去游泳。 (6)The meeting lasted two hours..会议持续两个小时。 (I)She became a lawyer last year.去年她成了一位律师。 (2)He is one of the finest singer,他是最优秀的歌手之一。 pron (3)The boy is very honest.这男孩非常诚实， adj. (4)I must be off now,现在我该走了。 adv v.-ing (5)His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。 二主语+系动词+ v.-ed 等表语 (6)The mountain is covered wit油snow,这座山被冰雪覆盖。 介词短语 (7)The old man is in good health.这老人身体健康。 to do hat从句 (8)His hope is to go to college.他的希望是上大学。 wh-从句 (9)The problem is that he can't come.问题是他不能来o 疑问副词+todo (l0)The question is what he can do.问题是他能做什么 (11)The problem is how to leam English..问题是怎样学英语。 (1)We have leamed English for.3yeas我们已经学了3年英语。 (2)He often helped us in need.需要时他经常帮助我们。 n. (3)Help yourself to some sweets,吃糖！ pron. oneself (4)Last night I dreamt a temible dream.昨晚我做了个服梦 同源宾语 (5)He promised not to let out the secret,他答应不泄露机密 三主语+及物动词+〈 to do 等宾语 疑间副词+todo (6)I don't know how to use the computer. 疑问副词从句 我不知道如何使用电脑。 that从句 v.-ing (7）I wonder whether he can come or not.我不知他能否来。 (8)I found that this was no light task..我发现这任务不轻松。 (9)He enjoys playing computer games,他喜欢打电脑游戏。 (1)I found her a famous writer,我发现她是位著名作家 (2)All of us believe him honest,我们都相信他是诚实的。 adj. adv. 等 (3)You can find the light still on.你可以发现那灯还在亮者。 v.-ing (4)Don't keep your mother waiting!不要让你妈妈再等了I 四主语+及物动词+宾语+ v.-ed to be 和 (5)He found his pocket picked.他发现口袋被别人掏了。 to do (6)I think him to be an able man.我认为他是个能干的人 动词动词短语 语 (7)Do you expect him to come now?你希望他现在来吗？ 介词短语 (8)He noticed her enter the offi伍ce.他看见她进办公室了。 (9)We soon got the fire under control..我们很快挖制了大火。 第一部分 第一章十大词类和五种基本句型 39 续表 句 型 示 例 ,主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 He gave me some money the other day. =主语+及物动词+直接宾语+Ho+间接宾语 1) -He gave some money to me the other day. 常用此结构的动词有： 几天前他给了我一些钱。 bring带来，give给，hand交给， leave留给，lend借给，ofer提供 He told me a funny story. =He told a funny story to me order命令，post寄给， (2) promise许诺， 他给我讲了一个滑稽可笑的故事 read读， refuse拒绝，return归还， scll卖，send寄送， show展示， Please pass me some water. take拿给，teach教， te告诉 (3 =Please pass some water to me throw扔，write写 请递给我一些水。 He bought his daughter a cell phone. 2.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 1) -He bought a cell phone for his daughter. 主语+及物动词+直接宾语+for+间接宾语 他给他女儿买了部手机。 常用此结构的动词有： 五 buy买，build建造，choosej选择 Please choose me a new tie. cook做饭，cut切， do做， 2 =Please choose a new tie for me. fetch去取.get得到，keep保留 请给我选个新领带 draw画. makc制作，play演奏， Save me some food. sing唱， save节省，prepare准备 3 -Save some food for me. 给我留点儿吃的。 3.主语+及物动词+to+间接宾语+直接宾语- He explained to the manager the matter. 主语+及物动词+直接宾语+to+间接宾语 1 -He explained the matter to the manager. 常用此结构的动词有： 他给经理解释了那件事。 announce宣布， explain解释， introduce介绍， mention提及， He expressed to me his thanks. express表达， say说， 2 -He expressed his thanks to me report报告， suggest建议 他向我表示感谢。 L系表结构与动宾结构的区别：系表结构 (I)The apple tastes delicious.(系表结构) 用来说明主语的情况和状态，常用形容 词和名词作表语：动宾结构表示动作 这个苹果尝起来好吃。 行为的对象，多用名词、 代词来充当， (2)He tastes the delicious apple.(动宾结构) 和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么” 他品尝那个好吃的苹果 2.动词后接不定式，作宾语和作状语的区 (I)He expects to see you in Beijing.(作宾语) 别： 他期望在北京见到你。 句 及物动词后接不定式作宾语： (2)He comes to see you from New York.(作状语) 型 不及物动词后接不定式作状语 他从纽约来看你。 转 3 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语与主 He teaches her chemistry.他教她化学课。（作直接宾语） 语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语的区别：无 (1 ≠He is chemistry. 逻辑上的主谓关系属于前者句型：有逻辑 Ve make him president.我们选他当，总统。（作宾语补 2 上的主谓关系属于后者句型 足语)=He is president,. 4.主语+及物动词+直接宾语+for+间接宾 (1 I wrote a letter for him 语与主语+及物动词+直接宾语+to+间接 我替他写了一封信。（因为他不识字） 宾语的区别：to表示“给予”，for表示 (2)I wrote a letter to him. “代替” 我给他写了一封信。（因为想了解他的情况） 初中英语词汇语法表解大全 强化训练题 12 You should be in listening to 用下列所给单词填空 your teacher in class. 13 You should listen to your teacher in A.happy B.happily class with C.happiness D.unhappy 14 I think He is very is necessary in listening to live in the beautiful and quiet place. to your teacher in class. 2 He lives a life in this beautiful A.realize B.really and quiet place. C.reality D.real 2 He lives in the beautiful and 15 He is trying hard to his dream. quiet place. 16 He is trying hard to turn his dream into 4 He lives in the beautiful and quiet place in 17 His dream came true through 5 She looked after she heard the hard work. bad news. 18 His dream has come true A.success B.succeeded through hard work. C.successful D.successfully A.differ B.difference He in passing the entrance C.different D.differently examination. 19 The two words in meaning. 7 He was in passing the entrance 20 The two words have a in meaning. examination. 2/The two words are in meaning. He passed the entrance 22 The two words have a meaning. examination. 23 The two words may be used 9 He passed the entrance examination A.difficult B.difficulty with C.difficultly 10 He got in his entrance 24 However it is,you must finish examination. A.care B.careful it in time. C.carefully D.carefulness 25 Whatever you meet,you must 1/You should listen to your finish it in time. teacher in class. 26 However you do it,you must finish it in time.参考答案 18 参考答案 第一章 十大词类和五种基本句型 83.pleasure 84.Sundays 强化训练题 85.journey 86.March 87.matter 88.order 1-5AABCD 6-10 BCDAA 89.key/keys 90.researchers 11-15 CBADA 16-20 CBDAB 91.height 92.east 21-26 CCDABC 93.February 94.gift 第二章 名 词 三、根据汉语提示，填写单词或短语 中考考点一词义辨析 95.homework/schoolwork 1-5 DACBB 96.last name/family name 6-10 BBABA 97.private/personal information 11-15 CCDBB 16-20 CADCD 98.better future 21-25 BCDCB 26-30 BABBA 31-35 BAACA 36-40 DCCDA 第三章 冠 词 41-45 ACBAC 46-49 CACC 中考考点一不定冠词 1-5 BBBAB 6-10 ACCBA 中考考点二名词单复数 11-15 BAAAB 16-20 BABAC 50-55 BABCCC 21-25 BCACA 中考考点三名词所有格 中考考点二定冠词 56-60 ADCAA 61-63DAB 26-30 CCCCC 31-35 CACCC 中考考点四适当形式填空 中考考点三零冠词】 64.chores 65.stamps 36-37CD 66.fishermen 67.inventions 中考考点四冠词混合辨析 中考考点五名词（含短语）填空 38-40CAB 41-45 CCCBD 一、根据所给汉语意思填空 46-50 DACCA 51-52BC 68.habit 69.tomatoes 第四章数词 70.neighbor's/neighbour's 71.heroes 72.dream 中考考点一基数词与序数词辨析 1-5 CBCAA 6-10 DCAAC 73.shapes 74.spirit 11-15 ACBDD 16-21 DDCBAB 75.invention 76.concert 77.danger 78.Rules 中考考点二概数词、分数及其他 79.peace 80.control 22-25 CBBC 26-30 DBABC 81.trust 82.scissors 31-35 DCACB 36-38BAB 二、根据首字母提示填空