专题03 定语从句（考点串讲）-2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末考点大串讲（外研版2019）

专题03 定语从句 01 02 关系代词 which|that|who|whom|whose|as 关系副词 when|where|why 单句语法填空|语法填空 介词+关系代词 介词+which(物）|介词+whom(人） 06 针对训练 03 目录 目录 CONTENTS 1 关系代词 1 PART ONE 1 定语从句： 由一个句子充当定语 从句的位置： 在名词或代词后 先 行 词： 被定语从句修饰的词 引 导 词： 引导定语从句的词 关系代词 关系副词 引导词的作用: (1)引导定语从句 (2)在从句中作一成份 (3)代替先行词在从句中的位置 1 关系代词 关系副词 先行词 句中作用 省否 who 人 主语 关系代词在句中作宾语可以省略 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语／宾语 that 人／物 主语／宾语 whose 人／物 定语 When 时间 状语 where 地点 状语 why reason 状语 1 5 关系代词  that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略） A plane is a machine. It can fly. A plane is a machine that can fly. He is the man. I told you about him. He is the man (that/who/whom) I told you about. 1 6  that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。 (1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。 I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow. (2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等 修饰时。 I’ve read all the books that are not mine. (3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 This is the first book (that) he has read. (4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。 This is the very book that belongs to him. 1 7 (5) 先行词是who或who引导的主句。 Who is the girl that drove the car? Who that broke the window will be punished. (6) 主句以There be 引导时 There are 200 people that didn’t know the thing. (7) 当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時，关系代词用that. She isn’t the girl that she was 10 years ago. (8)当先行词是which时，关系代词用that. Which is the book that you bought last week? 1 who,that （先行词为人）区别 1.用who不用that的情况： (1)当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。 (2)当先行词为人称代词时。 He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. Those who have any difficulty with pronunciation should practise 2.只能用which 的情况: 1.介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物) 2. 引导非限制性定语从句（有逗号隔开）修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which (1) She failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry. (2)My glasses,without which I was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke. 1 whose 在定语从句中作定语,表示引导词与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。 whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。 This is the book whose cover is blue. This is the book of which the cover is blue This is the book the cover of which is blue  whose 指人/物，作定语 1  As “正如” 当先行词与as,so,such,the same 连用或先行词本身是such,the same 时,关系代词用as. As在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 1.He is not such a man as only thinks of himself. 2.I should like to use the same pen as I used yesterday. 1. As we all know,health is wealth. 2. Health is wealth, as is known to all. 1 关系副词 2 PART TWO 1 12 when 指时间，在句中做时间状语 先行词通常为time， day， morning，night， week，year where 指地点，在从句中做地点状语 先行词通常为：place，spot, street, house, room, city, town, country why 指原因或理由 先行词只有reason 关系副词 1 13 注意点1： 当先行词是表示时间的time，day等表地点的palace，house等以及reason时，分析从句的结构，确定究竟用关系代词还是关系副词。 I will never forget the day when she won the game. I will never forget the days that we spent together last summer. 1 注意点2： 当occasion 表示特定的时间或者场合时，定语从句用when引导； Describe an occasion when you had to give up some important things. 当point， situation， position， condition， stage 等词用作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合等意思时，定语从句引导词用where We are in a position where we can not do anything. 1 注意点3： 在意义上关系副词（when/where/why）=介词+which 例如： I was in Beijing that day when （=on which) he arrived The office where(=in which) he works in on the third floor. This is the chief reason why(=for which) we did it. 1 1. This is the town __________ I was born. This is the town _________ I visited last week. 2. I will never forget the day _______ I came to school. I will never forget the day _______ I spent with you. 3. This is the reason ________ he was late. This is the reason ________ he told me. The reason _________he explained is not true. 活学活用 where which/that when which/that why which/that which/that 1 介词+关系代词 3 PART THREE 1 18 介词+关系代词 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 ① The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher. =The man to whom you spoke is a teacher. ② The city that/ which she lives in if far away.=The city in which she lives is far away. 1 1. “介词+关系代词”结构中介词的确定； “介词＋关系代词(whom/which)”引导定语从句应注意： 介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素 A.与先行词的搭配关系 1）I will never forget the day _____________ I joined the army. 2) I will never forget the days ____________ I worked in the school. 3) I will never forget the year ____________ my sonwent to college. 4) I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday, ____________most people had had supper. on which during which in which by which 1 B. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯 1）Have you found the book ____________ I paid 29 US dollars? 2) Have you found the book _____________ I spent 29 US dollars? 3) Have you found the book _____________ we learnt a lot? 4) Have you found the book ____________ she often talks? for which on which from which about which 1 2. 在表示整体与部分的关系时，介词常用of。 （1）the+名词+of which/ whom…；该结构中的名词和后面的关系代词有所属关系。 The building the roof of which was damaged in the earthquake has been repaired. （2）表示部分的词语（不定代词 some/ few/ all等；数词；the+ 最高级/比较级）+ of + which/ whom。 I have about 20 books, half of which were written by Bing Xin, the famous writer. 1 3. 关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构： 1）介词 + whom\which The woman general still remember the day on which she joined the army 2）介词 短语 + which\whom The fisherman lived in a small house in front of which lies a well. 3）不定代词 或数词 +which\whom There are many books here , none of which belongs to me. China has a lot of famous writers, one of whom is Luxun. 4）名词+ of which She mentioned a magazine,the title of which I have forgotten. 1 易错点：part of whom/which There are 23 students in our class, A:________________(他们都） love mothers deeply. B:________________ （大多数） are from countryside. C:________________ （有些）are from Xiabancheng D:________________（没有一个）are from Beijing all of whom most of whom some of whom none of whom There are 23 students in our class. (,and) A:________________ (他们都） love mothers deeply. B:________________ （大多数） are from countryside. C:________________ （有些） are from Xiabancheng D:________________ （没有一个） are from Beijing all of them most of them some of them none of them 1 针对训练 1 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 1. [2024年全国I卷] The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____64____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 2. [2024年甲卷] Yellowstone was the largest United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _____50_____ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 3. [2024年全国II卷] Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ___36___ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. that/which which who 目录 1 4. [2020年全国III卷] In ancient China lived an artist____1____paintings were almost lifelike. 5. [2020年全国I卷] Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot____3____it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 6. The artist who is painting the landscape over there is the one ______ won the first prize in the art competition last year. 7. The town where I grew up is a small place ______ is famous for its traditional handicrafts. 8. I still remember the night when we went camping in the mountains ______ were covered with thick forests. 9. The novel which I am reading at the moment is about a young man ______ adventures take him to different parts of the world. whose where who/that which/that which/that whose 目录 1 单句填空 10. The house that is located at the end of the street is an old building ______ has been renovated several times, and it now has a modern interior while still retaining its original charm. 11. The person who is sitting over there reading a book is a famous author______works are loved by many readers. The place _where he often writes is a small cottage by the lake. He started writing at a time when literature was undergoing significant changes. 12. The old building which stands at the corner of the street is a historical landmark whose architecture is unique. It was built in a period ______the city was booming. The location where it is situated is now a popular tourist spot. 13. The event which took place last week was a great success. People who attended it were from all over the country. The reason ______ it was so popular is that it offered something for everyone. The place where it was held is a large convention center. which/that whose when why 目录 1 14. I saw some trees, the leaves of ________were black with disease. 15. The professor is an ordinary-looking little man, on the nose of __________there is a pair of glasses. 16.This is such a big stone _______no one can lift. 17. Please put the letter in the drawer _______he can easily find it. which whom as where 目录 1 Ⅱ. 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The first Giant Panda College, jointly established by the Sichuan Forestry and Grassland Administration and China West Normal University (CWNU) in Sichuan in 2024, planned to admit 50 undergraduates 1 (major) in Wildlife and Nature Reserve Management. The giant panda is always thought to be “flagship species” in global biodiversity conservation efforts. It stands 2 a “living fossil (化石)” within the animal kingdom, enjoying adoration from people around the world. Since its origination, the Giant Panda College has aimed for innovation in its curriculum. It integrates subjects such as zoology and botany and offers 3 (tailor) courses like Advances in Giant Panda Conservation Biology. In the next four years, the newly admitted students 4 (receive) training that covers both theoretical knowledge and practical skills, 5 goal is to prepare these students to become key 6 (contributor) to the construction of ecological civilization in the future. majoring as tailored will receive whose contributors 目录 1 CWNU, selected 7 (house) the Giant Panda College due to its early and enduring involvement in giant panda ecology research, has 8 longstanding focus on the ecological protection of rare wild animals and resources in southwest China’s mountains. CWNU is the earliest and most 9 (influence) university to conduct research in the field of wild giant panda ecology. The Sichuan education authority expressed the hope 10 the college will continue to cultivate all-round talents to contribute to policy research, ecological protection and international cooperation and exchange within giant panda national parks. to house a influential that 目录 1 Thank you! 目录 1 $$