精品解析：2025届北京市丰台区高三下学期二模英语试题

北京市丰台区2024~2025学年度第二学期综合练习（二） 高三英语 2025.05 本试卷共11页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 笔试 共三部分(100分) 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 At 22, Clara Parker, full of artistic dreams, entered the art college. But soon, facing financial hardship, Clara had to quit school to find a ___1___. But opportunities were rare. Just when she was almost hopeless, she heard a local mine was hiring. ___2___ the tough, male-dominated environment, she applied and got the job, becoming the youngest and only female in the team. Her colleagues, ___3___ of her ability, started to whisper that she should leave. But Clara was determined. She spent her breaks studying the machinery manuals, asking the more experienced miners for advice. Gradually, she became ___4___ for the job. Even in the midst of the exhausting mining work, Clara never let go of her ___5___ for art. During her short lunch breaks, she’d quickly draw the faces of her fellow miners, trying to ___6___ the tiredness and determination in their eyes. These sketches were an artistic outlet as well as a way for her to ___7___ with the people around her. On weekends, using the limited paints she could afford, she’d create more elaborate paintings of the mine’s inside. Each stroke (笔画) of the brush was a means by which she could ___8___ the experiences of the week and find meaning in the tough job. Clara’s art not only brought a touch of ___9___ to the otherwise depressing mining environments but also united the workers in a shared appreciation for her talent. Now, Clara is a symbol of strength. While dreaming of returning to art school, she finds her hidden capabilities and resilience, proving unexpected journeys can inspire _____10_____. 1. A. project B. task C. way D. job 2. A. In contrast to B. Thanks to C. In spite of D. Apart from 3. A. doubtful B. certain C. aware D. proud 4. A. known B. qualified C. responsible D. grateful 5. A. concern B. appreciation C. respect D. passion 6. A. catch B. distinguish C. remove D. measure 7. A. joke B. compete C. connect D. trade 8. A. process B. explain C. escape D. compare 9. A. freedom B. wisdom C. humour D. beauty 10. A. acceptance B. growth C. honesty D. innovation 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了克拉拉・帕克因经济困难辍学后在矿场工作，同时坚持艺术梦想，展现出能力与韧性的故事。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但很快，面对经济困难，克拉拉不得不辍学去找一份工作。A. project项目；B. task任务；C. way方式；D. job工作。根据上文 “facing financial hardship”可知，她辍学是为了找一份“工作”来解决经济问题。故选D项。 【2题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：尽管是在艰苦的、男性主导的环境中，她还是申请并得到了这份工作，成为了团队中最年轻的且唯一的女性。A. In contrast to与……形成对比；B. Thanks to多亏；C. In spite of尽管；D. Apart from除了。根据下文“the tough, male-dominated environment, she applied and got the job, becoming the youngest and only female in the team.”可知，尽管环境艰苦且由男性主导，她还是申请并得到了工作。故选C项。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的同事们对她的能力表示怀疑，开始私下说她应该离开。A. doubtful怀疑的；B. certain确定的；C. aware意识到的；D. proud骄傲的。根据下文“started to whisper that she should leave”可知，同事们对她的能力是“怀疑的”，所以才会说她应该离开。故选A项。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，她胜任了这份工作。A. known知名的；B. qualified能胜任的；C. responsible负责的；D. grateful感激的。根据上文“She spent her breaks studying the machinery manuals, asking the more experienced miners for advice.”可知，她花休息时间研究机械手册，向更有经验的矿工请教，由此可推断，此处指的是她渐渐地“能胜任”这份工作了。故选B项。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使在疲惫的采矿工作中，克拉拉也从未放弃她对艺术的热情。A. concern关心；B. appreciation欣赏；C. respect尊重；D. passion热情。根据下文“During her short lunch breaks, she’d quickly draw the faces of her fellow miners”可知，在短暂午休的时候她都会画旷工的脸，由此可推断，此处指的是她从未放弃对艺术的“热情”符合语境。故选D项。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在短暂的午休时间里，她会迅速画出矿工同伴们的脸，试图捕捉他们眼中的疲惫和决心。A. catch捕捉；B. distinguish区分；C. remove移除；D. measure测量。根据上文“During her short lunch breaks, she’d quickly draw the faces of her fellow miners”以及下文“the tiredness and determination in their eyes”可知，她画画是为了“捕捉”同伴们眼中的疲惫和决心。故选A项。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些素描是一种艺术的宣泄方式，也是她与周围人建立联系的一种方式。A. joke开玩笑；B. compete竞争；C. connect联系；D. trade交易。根据上文“During her short lunch breaks, she’d quickly draw the faces of her fellow miners”可知，在午休的时候她画同伴们的脸，结合下文“with the people around her”可知，这是她与周围人建立“联系”的一种方式。故选C项。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：画笔的每一笔都是她梳理一周经历的一种方式，并且能在这份艰苦的工作中找到意义。A. process处理，梳理；B. explain解释；C. escape逃跑；D. compare比较。根据上文的“Each stroke (笔画) of the brush was a means”以及下文的“the experiences of the week and find meaning in the tough job.”可知，通过画画找到这份艰苦工作的意义，由此可推测，此处指的是画画是她“梳理”一周经历的方式。故选A项。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：克拉拉的艺术不仅为原本压抑的采矿环境带来了一丝美感，也让工人们因对她才华的共同欣赏而团结在一起。A. freedom自由；B. wisdom智慧；C. humour幽默；D. beauty美丽，美感。根据常识和上文的“Clara’s art”以及下文的“to the otherwise depressing mining environments”可知，此处讲述的是她的艺术带来的意义，由此可知，此处表示她的艺术为压抑的环境带来了“美感”符合语境。故选D项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然梦想着回到艺术学校，但她发现了自己隐藏的能力和韧性，证明了意想不到的旅程可以激发成长。A. acceptance接受；B. growth成长；C. honesty诚实；D. innovation创新。根据上文“Even in the midst of the exhausting mining work”可知，此处介绍的是她在采矿工作中的经历，结合“While dreaming of returning to art school, she finds her hidden capabilities and resilience”可知，她虽然在从事采矿工作，但是这段经历让她发现了自己隐藏的能力和韧性，由此可知，此处指的是这段经历激发了她的成长。故选B项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Huang Xuhua (1924.2-2025.2) was one of the ____11____ (quiet) yet most remarkable national heroes. During the early hard years, he ____12____ (conduct) research on China’s nuclear submarine all year round. For 30 years when he was even absent from family letters, he had made huge sacrifices. ____13____ (respect) widely, he was named the man who built the underwater Great Wall. His selfless dedication and outstanding contributions will always be remembered. 【答案】11. quietest 12. was conducting##conducted 13. Respected 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了黄旭华这位国家英雄，讲述了他为中国核潜艇事业做出的贡献以及他的无私奉献精神。 【11题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：黄旭华（1924.2 - 2025.2）是最默默无闻却又最为卓越的民族英雄之一。此处为“one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构，表示 “最……之一”，所以此处为形容quiet的最高级形式 quietest。故填quietest。 【12题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：在早期艰难的岁月里，他一整年都在进行中国核潜艇的研究。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语During the early hard years可知，此处可以理解为描述过去一段时间内持续进行的动作，用过去进行时，且主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为was conducting；也可以理解为描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为conduct的过去式形式conducted。故填was conducting/conducted。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他广受尊敬，被誉为建造水下长城的人。此处为非谓语动词作状语，he和respect之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词respected作状语，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Respected。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 My mother is in hospital, ____14____ (battle) cancer. Every day, I make it a point ____15____ (visit) her and bring along a bunch of flowers. This morning was no different, but she got mad at me. She asked me not to spend money on flowers, insisting that I use it to help people in need. At that moment, ____16____ I witnessed was the beautiful way a mother’s love could ripple out into the world. 【答案】14. battling 15. to visit 16. what 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者母亲生病住院，在照顾母亲过程中体会到母爱的传递。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我的母亲生病住院，正在与癌症作斗争。句中已有谓语动词is，所以此处为非谓语动词，battle意为“与……作斗争”与逻辑主语My mother之间是主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词作状语。故填battling。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：每天，我特意去看望她，并带上一束花。此处为“make it+名词+to do sth.”结构，其中it为形式宾语，不定式短语作真正宾语，所以此处使用动词不定式to visit。故填to visit。 【16题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：在那一刻，我见证了母爱的美好是如何传播到世界的。此处为连接词引导的主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，所以此处使用连接代词，结合句意，此处表示“……的事情”，所以此处使用连接代词what。故填what。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Chinese solar calendar ____17____ (divide) the year into 24 solar terms. Grain in Ear (芒种), the ninth solar term, begins on June 5 this year. The ____18____ (arrive) of Grain in Ear signifies the ripening of crops. It is also a busy period for farmers. The system of 24 solar terms ____19____ (establish) thousands of years ago to guide agricultural production. The culture remains useful today to direct people’s lives through special foods, cultural ____20____(ceremony) and healthy living tips. 【答案】17. divides 18. arrival 19. was established 20. ceremonies 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国的二十四节气，包括芒种的相关信息以及节气系统的作用等。 【17题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：中国的农历将一年分为 24 个节气。此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语The Chinese solar calendar是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为divides。故填divides。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：芒种的到来意味着农作物的成熟。空处作句子主语，arrive的名词形式arrival符合题意，表示“到来”。故填arrival。 【19题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：二十四节气系统是几千年前建立的，用于指导农业生产。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语thousands of years ago可知，此处应用一般过去时，The system of 24 solar terms与establish之间是被动关系，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were +过去分词”，主语是单数，be动词用was。故填 was established。 【20题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：这种文化在今天仍然有用，通过特殊的食物、文化仪式和健康生活小贴士来指导人们的生活。此处与上文的special foods和下文的healthy living tips为并列关系， ceremony意为“仪式”为可数名词单数，所以此处也应用复数形式 ceremonies，表示泛指意义。故填ceremonies。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Mobility issues affect over 1 in 5 Americans. These individuals, and their loved ones, know how decreased mobility can result in loss of independence, pain and an increased risk of falls. They are often stuck at home, missing out on a variety of activities, in a bad cycle that reduces their quality of life. In the past, mobility devices like scooters (小型摩托车) and power chairs were too heavy and big to transport easily. Now, carbon fiber material invented for the aerospace program has been used to create me ultimate light mobility device. It’s called the Journey Air Elite — an innovation unlike anything else available today. At only 26 pounds, the Journey Air Elite combines lightweight portability with world class performance. Its simple-to-use joystick (操纵杆) and powerful dual-motor (双马达) drive system enable you to zip around quickly and safely It’s easy to move, never tips, fits easily through doorways, and can go right up to a table or desk. Once you are done, just one pull on the seat handle folds it up. The fold-down backrest makes it even easier to store and transport. It features flat-free tires and back anti-tippers for added convenience and safety. Just imagine how this chair can improve your life and make it easier for loved ones and caregivers to accompany you to activities and events you would have missed in the past. Don’t spend another day stuck at home. Call today, and a helpful, knowledgeable consultant will help you get a Journey Air Elite of your very own. Don’t wait — call now! What makes it the best? ◇Ultra-lightweight yet durable ◇Speedy and flexible ◇Comfortable and easy-to-operate ◇8-mile range on a single charge ◇Perfect for dining, shopping, sightseeing and lots more Call toll-free now 1-888-530-1718 Please mention code 606621 when ordering. 21. The Journey Air Elite fits people who ________. A. enjoy outdoor activities B. love aerospace exploration C. need to carry heavy devices D. have difficulty moving around 22. The Journey Air Elite has ________. A. a dual-drive operation system B. an easily foldable back seat handle C. flat-free tires for speeding up quickly D. special materials for a lightweight design 23. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To promote the sale of the Journey Air Elite. B. To compare different types of mobility devices. C. To outline the development of mobility devices. D. To introduce the functions of the Journey Air Elite. 【答案】21. D 22. D 23. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是一款名为Journey Air Elite的助力移动设备，包括其特点和优势。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Mobility issues affect over 1 in 5 Americans. These individuals, and their loved ones, know how decreased mobility can result in loss of independence, pain and an increased risk of falls. They are often stuck at home, missing out on a variety of activities, in a bad cycle that reduces their quality of life.(行动能力问题影响着超过五分之一的美国人。他们以及他们的亲人深知，行动能力下降可能导致失去独立性、身体疼痛以及跌倒风险增加。他们常常被困在家中，无法参与各种活动，陷入一个降低生活质量的恶性循环。)”可知，美国人有五分之一的人受到行动能力问题的影响，严重影响着人们的生活，结合下文的“Now, carbon fiber material invented for the aerospace program has been used to create me ultimate light mobility device. It’s called the Journey Air Elite — an innovation unlike anything else available today.(现在，为航空航天项目发明的碳纤维材料已经被用来制造我的终极轻型移动设备。它被称为“Journey Air Elite”，这是一项与当今市面上任何产品都不同的创新。 )”可知，Journey Air Elite是为行动不便的人设计的，所以适合那些难以四处走动的人。故选D项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Now, carbon fiber material invented for the aerospace program has been used to create the ultimate light mobility device. It’s called the Journey Air Elite.(现在，为航空航天项目发明的碳纤维材料被用来制造终极轻型移动设备。它被称为 Journey Air Elite)” 以及第二段中的“At only 26 pounds, the Journey Air Elite combines lightweight portability with world class performance.(Journey Air Elite 仅重 26 磅，将轻巧便携与世界一流的性能结合在一起。)”可知，Journey Air Elite具有特殊材料以实现轻巧设计。故选D项。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Call today, and a helpful, knowledgeable consultant will help you get a Journey Air Elite of your very own. Don’t wait — call now!(今天就打电话，一位乐于助人、知识渊博的顾问将帮助您拥有自己的Journey Air Elite。别等了 —— 现在就打电话！)” 以及文中Journey Air Elite各种优点及其相关信息的介绍可知，本文的主要目的是促销Journey Air Elite。故选A项。 B I grew up in a place stricken by extreme poverty. People struggled daily just to put food on the table. By the time I turned sixteen, my father’s hard work had paid off. He had over eight hundred students across three campuses, and finally, we could afford a TV. That’s when I became fixated on the idea of owning a magic pencil, inspired by a TV series. The main character, Sanju could draw anything he desired, and it would come to life. Despite being sixteen and knowing deep down that the magic pencil was nothing more than a fantasy for kids, a part of me still longed for it. At night, I dreamed of using it to transform the lives of those around me. But as the days passed, the pencil was never there. One afternoon my mother asked me to throw away some potato peels and eggshells. I walked to the rubbish dump, wrinkling my nose as I got close. As I tossed our rubbish onto the heap, I saw a girl my age. She was sorting rubbish into piles, one for cans, one for bottles. Nearby, boys were fishing in the pile for metal using magnets on strings. Later that day, I dragged my father to see the children at the dump. I posed a question about their absence from school. He shared that their earnings from gathering discarded(废弃的) things sustained their families — schooling would leave their loved ones hungry. As we walked back home, I saw tears on his cheek. Until then, I’d pinned all my hopes on some unseen, miraculous force to come along and wipe out the suffering in our world. Now I knew I would have to do something. As much as I wanted to help the children from the dump, my mother wanted to help everyone. She left the extra pot of rice and chicken for a poor family in our neighborhood. We shared our home with a family of seven who had fallen on hard times. And although my father’s school wasn’t really making a profit, he gave away more than a hundred free places in different grades to poor children. He wished he could have given away more. Inspired by what my parents had done, I started volunteering at local community centers, helping children with their studies and organising food drives for families in need. Gradually, I realised that while a magic pencil might not exist, the power to make a difference lay within us. Together, we could create a kind of magic that was real and lasting. 24. The girl at the dump sorted rubbish into piles to ________. A. collect items for personal DJY hobbies B. support her family by selling recyclables C. complete assignments on waste recycling D. locate the necessities that could be reused 25. To help other people, the author’s family ________. A. cooked special food for the poor B. donated school profits to children C. built free houses for the homeless D. provided free education for children 26. What can we conclude from this passage? A. Real magic comes from kindness and effort. B. Education has the power to transform lives. C. Those doing good deeds deserve rewards. D. Ending poverty requires joint efforts. 【答案】24. B 25. D 26. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了作者成长于贫困地区，从渴望拥有神奇铅笔改变现状，到受父母善举启发投身助人实践，最终领悟真正魔力源于自身善良与努力的历程。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As I tossed our rubbish onto the heap, I saw a girl my age. She was sorting rubbish into piles, one for cans, one for bottles. Nearby, boys were fishing in the pile for metal using magnets on strings.(当我把我们的垃圾扔到垃圾堆上时，我看到了一个和我年龄相仿的女孩。她正在把垃圾分成几堆，一堆装罐头，一堆装瓶子。附近，男孩们正用绳子上的磁铁在堆里捞金属)”和第四段中的“He shared that their earnings from gathering discarded (废弃的) things sustained their families — schooling would leave their loved ones hungry.(他说，他们靠收集废弃物品所得的收入维持家庭生计——上学就会让家人挨饿)”可知，在垃圾场的女孩把垃圾分类，是为了通过售卖可回收物品来支撑家庭。故选B项。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“And although my father’s school wasn’t really making a profit, he gave away more than a hundred free places in different grades to poor children.(虽然我父亲的学校并没有真正盈利，但他为贫困儿童提供了一百多个不同年级的免费名额)”可知，为帮助他人，作者一家为贫困儿童提供免费教育。故选D项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Gradually, I realised that while a magic pencil might not exist, the power to make a difference lay within us. Together, we could create a kind of magic that was real and lasting.(渐渐地，我意识到虽然神奇的铅笔可能并不存在，但改变现状的力量就在我们自己身上。我们一起可以创造出一种真实而持久的魔力)”可推知，作者认识到真正的“魔力”来自于人们的善良和付出的努力。故选A项。 C In economic theories, people are typically represented as analytical agents who learn from past experiences to optimize (优化) their performance, eventually reaching a stable state in which they know how to maximise their earnings. This assumption surprised Garnier Brun at École Polytechnique in France because, as a physicist, he knew that interactions in nature such as those between atoms often result in chaos rather than stability. To test whether economists are correct to assume that learning from the past can help people avoid chaos, Brun and his colleagues devised a mathematical mode for a game featuring hundreds of simulated players. Each player can choose between two actions, like buying or selling a stock. They also interact with each other, and the players’ decision-making is influenced by what they have done before — meaning they are able to learn from experience. The researchers could adjust the precise extent to which a player’s past experiences influenced their subsequent decision-making. They could also control the interactions between the players to make them either cooperate or compete with each other more. With all these control knobs available to them, Brun and his colleagues used methods from statistical physics to simulate different game situations on a computer. In some situations, the researchers expected that the game would always result in chaos, with players unable to learn how to optimise their performance. Economic theory would also suggest that, given the right set of parameters (参数), the players would settle into a stable state where they had mastered the game — but the researchers found this wasn’t really the case. The most likely outcome was a state that never settled. Team member Jean Martin, also at École Polytechnique, says that, in the absence of one centralised and all-knowing player who could coordinate everyone, regular players could only learn how to reach “satisficing” states. That is a level that satisfied minimum expectations, but not much more. Players gained more than they would have done by playing at random, so learning wasn’t useless, but they still gained less than they would have if past experience had allowed them to truly optimise their performance. Martin says the game model is too simple to be immediately adopted for making real-world predictions, but she sees the study as a challenge to economists to drop many assumptions that currently go into theorising processes, like merchants choosing suppliers or banks setting interest rates. The finding could also be important for simulating processes like foraging decisions by animals or for some machine-learning applications, says Toby Galla at the Institute for Cross-Disciplinary Physics and Complex Systems in Spain. 27. According to the passage, what inspired Brun to carry out the study? A. The belief that chaos is a common outcome in natural systems. B. The conflicts between economic theories and interactions in nature. C. The similarities in interaction patterns between atoms and humans. D. The inability of economic theories to predict individual behaviours. 28. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The research purpose. B. The research subjects. C. The research methods. D. The research direction. 29. What can we infer from Martin’s words? A. The “satisficing” state is an ideal outcome for players in the game. B. Players can reach optimal performance with enough past experiences. C. Centralised control is essential for players to reach their full potential. D. Learning from past experiences isn’t sufficient to maximise one’s gains. 30. What can be the best title of the passage? A. Economic Theories: Are They Reliable in Predicting Stability? B. Learning from Mistakes: The Key to Optimal Decision-Making. C. A Mathematical Model: Breaking Economic Stability Assumptions. D. Game Model Findings: Spreading Influence Across Multiple Disciplines. 【答案】27. B 28. C 29. D 30. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项挑战经济稳定性假设的研究，通过数学模型揭示经验学习未必导向最优决策。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“In economic theories, people are typically represented as analytical agents who learn from past experiences to optimize (优化) their performance, eventually reaching a stable state in which they know how to maximise their earnings. This assumption surprised Garnier Brun at École Polytechnique in France because, as a physicist, he knew that interactions in nature such as those between atoms often result in chaos rather than stability.(在经济理论中，人们通常被描述为分析主体，他们从过去的经验中学习，优化自己的表现，最终达到一个稳定的状态，在这个状态下，他们知道如何最大限度地提高收入。这个假设让法国École Polytechnique的Garnier Brun感到惊讶，因为作为一名物理学家，他知道自然界中的相互作用，比如原子之间的相互作用，往往会导致混乱而不是稳定。)”可知，Brun之所以开展这项研究，是因为他对经济学理论中“人们通过学习经验可以达到稳定状态”的假设产生质疑，他作为物理学家知道自然界的互动通常导致混乱而非稳定，由此可知，他研究的动机来源于经济理论稳定性假设与自然系统实际行为之间的冲突。故选B项。 【28题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“The researchers could adjust the precise extent to which a player’s past experiences influenced their subsequent decision-making. They could also control the interactions between the players to make them either cooperate or compete with each other more. (研究人员可以精确地调整玩家过去经验对其后续决策的影响程度。他们还可以控制玩家之间的互动，使他们更多地合作或竞争。)”可知，本段详细介绍了研究人员如何设置游戏模型、调整参数以及控制变量来模拟不同情境，这些都属于研究过程中使用的方法，由此可知，本段主要介绍的是研究方法。故选C项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Players gained more than they would have done by playing at random, so learning wasn’t useless, but they still gained less than they would have if past experience had allowed them to truly optimise their performance.(玩家通过学习获得的收益比随机游戏时要多，所以学习并非毫无用处，但如果过去的经验允许他们真正优化自己的表现，他们所获得的收益仍然比现在少。)”可知，让玩家通过过去的经验真正优化自己的表现时，他们所获得的收益仍然比现在少，由此可知，从过去的经验中学习不足以使收益最大化。故选D项。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。根据首段中的“In economic theories, people are typically represented as analytical agents who learn from past experiences to optimize (优化) their performance, eventually reaching a stable state in which they know how to maximise their earnings. This assumption surprised Garnier Brun at École Polytechnique in France because, as a physicist, he knew that interactions in nature such as those between atoms often result in chaos rather than stability.(在经济理论中，人们通常被描述为具有分析能力的个体，他们从过去的经验中学习，以优化自身表现，最终达到一个稳定的状态，在这种状态下他们懂得如何使自己的收益最大化。这一假设令法国巴黎综合理工学院的Garnier Brun感到惊讶，因为作为一名物理学家，他深知自然界中的相互作用（例如原子之间的相互作用）往往导致混乱而非稳定。)”以及下文中介绍的他设计的数学模型对此假设的研究及发现可知，文章主要讲述了法国巴黎综合理工学院的Garnier Brun等研究人员设计了一个数学模型来验证经济学理论中人们能通过学习过去的经验达到稳定状态的假设，结果发现并非如此，玩家很难达到真正的稳定状态，并且从过去的经验中学习也不足以使收益最大化，所以题目“一个数学模型：打破经济稳定性假设”符合文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选C项。 D In an era of big research, having confidence in scientists, individually or collectively, involves trade-offs. Science is ideally built on evidence but in reality, for most people, it is based on trust. Scientific evidence is hard to access. Journals are difficult to get and their articles, written in specialised language, are only understandable to a few field experts. So, we trust experts’ results without being able to question them ourselves, believing that if needed, someone knowledgeable will. Historically, the reputation of individual scientists has been important in facilitating the spread of scıentific theories and discoveries. If a scientist is, or can appear to be, trustworthy, so might that scientist’s ideas. This can lead to odd consequences. Recognisable scientists receive more credit and trust, while unrecognisable scientists often have their work overlooked. The history of science is filled with cases where basic papers written by relatively unknown scientists were neglected for years. Consider the case of Joseph Fourier, whose classic paper on the propagation of heat had to wait 13 years to be published. Since recognisable scientists receive disproportionate (不成比例的) credit, their names become disproportionately associated with discoveries. Statistics professor Stephen Stigler formulated “Stigler’s law of eponymy” (斯蒂格勒命名法则), stating no scientific discovery is named after its original discoverer. For instance, Pythagoras wasn't the first to discover the Pythagorean theorem, nor was Edwin Hubble the first to formulate Hubble’s law. However, modern science operates differently. Large collaborative (合作的) projects often produce papers with hundreds of authors. The record for the number of authors on a single scientific paper is currently 5,154. Furthermore, an editorial board composed of project group members actually wrote the papers. The papers were then placed on an electronic bulletin board for criticism and comment by all. Some massive collaborative projects constantly maintain author lists of hundreds of names, which are automatically submitted on every publication. If we can’t identify the thousands in big science projects or know their actual authors, who do we trust? I’d say we trust “science” itself regardless of the individual scıentists’ integrity. We trust the organisations that are considered scientific. Any clickbait news articles with “Science Says” in the title show this shift from trusting individuals to trusting the scientific enterprise. This shift to trusting “science” itself has risks. Misidentifying experts or trusting dishonest ones can abuse scientific erodibility. A striking example is Merchants of Doubt, where experts hid truths about acid rain and global warming. Authorship, then, serves one last function, which in some cases only benefits the historian like me: accountability. 31. What is the passage mainly about? A. The moral issues in scientific authorship and accountability. B. The role of individual scientists in modern scientific research. C. The evolution of trust in science from individuals to enterprises. D. The challenges of confirming scientific evidence in the digital age. 32. Why is “Stigler’s law of eponymy” mentioned? A. To justify an argument. B. To introduce an approach. C. To challenge a convention. D. To evaluate an assumption. 33. According to the passage, the author may agree that ________. A. modern science collaboration challenges the trust in individual scientists B. the current trend of trusting science overlooks scientists’ sacrifices C. authorship ought to be founded upon intellectual contributions D. it is vital to identify the authors of large-scale science projects 34. What is the author’s attitude towards the shift to trusting science itself? A. Sympathetic. B. Cautious. C. Disapproving. D. Puzzied. 【答案】31. C 32. A 33. A 34. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了科学信任从个人到企业的演变，分析了这种演变背后的原因、影响以及潜在风险，并提出了作者对于这一转变的谨慎态度。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“In an era of big research, having confidence in scientists, individually or collectively, involves trade-offs.(在科研成果丰硕的时代，无论是选择信任个体科学家，还是选择信任科学家集体，都存在着权衡取舍。)”、第二段中“ Historically, the reputation of individual scientists has been important in facilitating the spread of scıentific theories and discoveries. (从历史上看，科学家个人的声誉在促进科学理论和发现的传播方面一直很重要。)”、第五段“However, modern science operates differently. (然而，现代科学的运作方式不同。)”以及第六段中“If we can’t identify the thousands in big science projects or know their actual authors, who do we trust? I’d say we trust “science” itself regardless of the individual scıentısts’ integrity. (如果我们无法确定大型科学项目中的数千人或知道他们的实际作者，我们该信任谁呢？我想说，我们信任“科学”本身，而不考虑个别科学家的诚信)”等可知，文章开篇指出在大研究时代对科学家的信任存在权衡，接着阐述历史上个体科学家声誉对科学理论传播的作用，然后说明现代科学中大型合作项目的情况，最后表明信任从科学家个体向 “科学” 本身的转变存在风险，由此推知，文章重点讲述的是科学信任从个体到机构的演变过程。故选C。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Since recognisable scientists receive disproportionate credit, their names become disproportionately associated with discoveries. Statistics professor Stephen Stigler formulated “Stigler’s law of eponymy”, stating no scientific discovery is named after its original discoverer. (由于知名科学家获得不成比例的赞誉，他们的名字与发现不成比例地联系在一起。统计学教授斯蒂芬·斯蒂格勒提出了“斯蒂格勒命名法则”，即没有一项科学发现是以其最初发现者的名字命名的)”可知，第四段先阐述了知名科学家与发现之间不成比例的联系这一现象，然后提出“斯蒂格勒命名法则”来进一步说明这种不成比例的联系，也就是为了进一步论证前面提到的知名科学家获得不成比例赞誉这一观点。故选A。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“However, modern science operates differently. Large collaborative projects often produce papers with hundreds of authors. The record for the number of authors on a single scientific paper is currently 5,154. Furthermore, an editorial board composed of project group members actually wrote the papers. The papers were then placed on an electronic bulletin board for criticism and comment by all. Some massive collaborative projects constantly maintain author lists of hundreds of names, which are automatically submitted on every publication. (然而，现代科学的运作方式不同。大型合作项目经常产生有数百名作者的论文。目前，一篇科学论文的作者人数记录为5154人。此外，由项目组成员组成的编辑委员会实际上撰写了论文。然后，这些论文被放在电子公告板上，供所有人批评和评论。一些大型合作项目不断维护着数百人的作者名单，这些名单在每次发表时都会自动提交)”以及第六段中“If we can’t identify the thousands in big science projects or know their actual authors, who do we trust? I’d say we trust “science” itself regardless of the individual scientists’ integrity. (如果我们无法确定大型科学项目中的数千人或知道他们的实际作者，我们该信任谁呢？我想说，我们信任“科学”本身，而不考虑个别科学家的诚信)”可知，现代科学中大型合作项目作者众多，人们难以确定作者，进而信任“科学”本身而非个体科学家，这表明现代科学合作模式挑战了人们对个体科学家的信任。故选A。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“This shift to trusting ‘science’ itself has risks. Misidentifying experts or trusting dishonest ones can abuse scientific erodibility. A striking example is Merchants of Doubt, where experts hid truths about acid rain and global warming. (这种对“科学”本身的信任转变存在风险。误认专家或信任不诚实的专家会滥用科学的可信度。一个明显的例子是《怀疑的商人》，其中专家隐瞒了酸雨和全球变暖的真相)”可知，作者提到这种对“科学”本身的信任转变存在风险，并举例说明这种风险，由此可推断作者对这种转变持谨慎态度。A. Sympathetic同情的；B.Cautious谨慎的；C. Disapproving不赞成的；D. Puzzied困惑的。故选B。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Much smaller in size than the diameter of an average human hair, nanoplastics are invisible to the naked eye. Linked to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in people, nanoplastics continue to build up, largely unnoticed, in the world’s bodies of water. ____35____ Therefore, it is urgent to develop better ways to remove nanoplastics from water. However the challenge remains to develop a cost-effective solution to get rid of nanoplastics while leaving clean water behind. ____36____ Recently, researchers created a cheap liquid-based solution that removes more than 98% of these microscopic plastic particles (颗粒) from water. The innovative method uses water-resistant solvents (溶剂) made from natural ingredients. It not only offers a practical solution to the pressing issue of nanoplastic pollution but also paves the way for further research and development in advanced water purification technologies. The strategy uses a small amount of designer solvent to absorb plastic particles from a large dume of water. ____37____ Once mixed with water and allowed to reseparate, the solvent floats back to the surface, carrying the nanoplastics within its molecular structure. Currently, the capacity of the solvent is not well understood. ____38____ Additionally, they will explore methods to recycle the solvent, enabling their reuse multiple times if necessary. ____39____ The solvents are made from safe, non-toxic components, and their ability to resist water prevents additional pollution of water sources, making them a highly sustainable solution. From a scientific perspective, creating effective removal methods fosters innovation in filtration technologies, provides insights into nanomaterial behavior, and supports the development of informed environmental policies. A. That’s where a new research comes in. B. The cost of producing the solvent is still too high. C. Previous methods failed to purify and recycle the small particles. D. Initially, the solvent sits on the water’s surface the way oil floats on water. E. In future work, researchers aim to determine the maximum capacity of the solvent. F. The new method offers multiple advantages that are both practical and scientifically significant. G. They can damage water ecosystems and enter the food chain, threatening wildlife and humans. 【答案】35. G 36. A 37. D 38. E 39. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了纳米塑料的危害，开发有效去除水中纳米塑料方法的紧迫性，创新的去除纳米塑料的方法及其优势，包括溶剂的作用、未来研究方向等内容。 【35题详解】 根据上文“Much smaller in size than the diameter of an average human hair, nanoplastics are invisible to the naked eye. Linked to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in people, nanoplastics continue to build up, largely unnoticed, in the world’s bodies of water. (纳米塑料的尺寸比人类平均头发的直径小得多，肉眼看不见。纳米塑料与人类的心血管和呼吸系统疾病有关，在世界水体中不断积累，很大程度上未被注意到。)”可知，本段讲述了纳米塑料的危害，结合空格所处的位置可推断，此空应继续阐述纳米塑料的危害。G选项 “They can damage water ecosystems and enter the food chain, threatening wildlife and humans. (它们会破坏水生态系统并进入食物链，威胁到野生动物和人类。)”说明了纳米塑料对生态系统和食物链的危害，承接上文，符合语境。故选G项。 【36题详解】 根据上文“Therefore, at is urgent to develop better ways to remove nanoplastics from water. However the challenge remains to develop a cost-effective solution to get rid of nanoplastics while leaving clean water behind. (因此，迫切需要开发更好的方法来去除水中的纳米塑料。然而，挑战仍然是开发一种具有成本效益的解决方案，在留下干净的水的同时去除纳米塑料。)”以及下文的“Recently, researchers created a cheap liquid-based solution that removes more than 98% of these microscopic plastic particles (颗粒) from water.(最近，研究人员开发出一种低成本的液态解决方案，能够从水中清除超过98%的这些微观塑料颗粒。)”可知，挑战仍然是开发一种具有成本效益的解决方案，在留下干净的水的同时去除纳米塑料，由此可知，此空应引出关于去除水中纳米塑料的新研究，A选项“That’s where a new research comes in. (这就是一项新研究的切入点。)”引出下文关于新研究的内容，符合语境。故选A项。 【37题详解】 根据上文“The strategy uses a small amount of designer solvent to absorb plastic particles from a large dume of water. (该策略使用少量的特制溶剂从大量水中吸收塑料颗粒。)” 以及下文的“Once mixed with water and allowed to reseparate, the solvent floats back to the surface, carrying the nanoplastics within its molecular structure.(一旦与水混合并允许重新分离，溶剂会携带纳米塑料回到水面，其分子结构中包裹着这些微粒。)”可知，此空应具体描述溶剂在水中的情况，D选项“Initially, the solvent sits on the water’s surface the way oil floats on water. (最初，溶剂像油漂浮在水上一样漂浮在水面上。)” 说明了溶剂在水面上的状态，承接上文，且与下文的内容吻合，符合语境。故选D项。 【38题详解】 根据上文“Currently, the capacity of the solvent is not well understood. (目前，溶剂的容量还不太清楚。)”以及下文的“Additionally, they will explore methods to recycle the solvent, enabling their reuse multiple times if necessary.(此外，他们还将探索回收溶剂的方法，以便在必要时能够多次重复使用。)”可知，此空应阐述关于溶剂容量的研究方向，E选项 “In future work, researchers aim to determine the maximum capacity of the solvent. (在未来的工作中，研究人员旨在确定溶剂的最大容量。)”说明了未来对溶剂容量的研究目标，承接上文，且与下文讲述的内容一致，Additionally为关键词。故选E项。 【39题详解】 根据下文“The solvents are made from safe, non-toxic components, and their ability to resist water prevents additional pollution of water sources, making them a highly sustainable solution. From a scientific perspective, creating effective removal methods fosters innovation in filtration technologies, provides insights into nanomaterial behavior, and supports the development of informed environmental policies. (这些溶剂由安全、无毒的成分制成，它们的防水能力可防止水源受到额外污染，使其成为一种高度可持续的解决方案。从科学的角度来看，创建有效的去除方法促进了过滤技术的创新，提供了对纳米材料行为的深入了解，并支持制定明智的环境政策。)”可知，此处讲述了这种新方法的好处，结合空格处于段首的特点可知，此空可能是本段的主题句，总结新方法的优势，F选项“The new method offers multiple advantages that are both practical and scientifically significant. (这种新方法具有多种优势，既实用又具有科学意义。)”概括了本段的主题，引出下文对新方法优势的具体描述。故选F项。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 “You Only Live Once” (YOLO), a concept made popular in contemporary society through social media, conveys the desire to make the most of the present situation and cast aside all worries about the future. This mindset is considered to be the characteristic of today’s youth. However, do young people truly embody the YOLO mentality, or are they too concerned about planning their future to enjoy the present? Some young people do tend to be overly absorbed in future planning and miss out on the present, largely influenced by societal attitudes advocating the merits of working towards a life plan and future goal. In Asian societies, young people plan their futures carefully to ensure financial security for the latter half of their lives. This often means getting good education and jobs. So, many take extra classes, losing free time and hobbies. Their excessive (过度的) focus on academics, which neglects their personal nature, brings mental stress and stops them from following their passions. Another factor driving young people to excessively plan for the future is the increasing number of world challenges. Natural disasters, conflicts, wars, and pandemics are increasing, making the job market unstable. Young people are now more pressured to consider their future in this changing world. As a result, they don’t enjoy their youth as they should. Research conducted by University College London shows over half of 16-25-year-olds are worried about their future, with 53% believing job prospects are worsening. Nevertheless, it’s encouraging to see that more young people are stepping off the beaten path and embracing the YOLO philosophy. The future is uncertain, and it’s natural for young people to feel anxious. However, living in the moment and enjoying each experience is crucial. After all, isn’t life more about the journey than the destination? 40. What mindset does YOLO convey? ______________________________________________________________________________ 41. What are the two main factors that cause some young people to focus more on future planning? ______________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. In order to find their passions in life, young people in Asia plan their futures carefully. ______________________________________________________________________________ 43. How do you understand the sentence “Life is more about the journey than the destination.” in the passage? (In about 40 words) ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. It conveys the desire to make the most of the present situation and cast aside all worries about the future. 41. The two main reasons are societal attitudes (advocating the merits of working towards a life plan and future goal/that advocate working towards a life plan and future goal) and the increasing number of world challenges. 42. In order to find their passions in life, young people in Asia plan their futures carefully. In Asia, young people plan their futures carefully to ensure financial security for the latter half of their lives. 43. It emphasizes that life’s value lies not in achieving fixed goals but in the ‌experiences, growth, and connections‌ forged along the way. Hence, experiences and feelings during life’s journey are more valuable, so we should cherish and enjoy the present. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是“YOLO”理念所传达的心态，探讨年轻人是否真正践行这一理念，分析导致部分年轻人过度关注未来规划的因素，并鼓励年轻人享受当下。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的““You Only Live Once” (YOLO), a concept made popular in contemporary society through social media, conveys the desire to make the most of the present situation and cast aside all worries about the future.(“及时行乐”（YOLO），一个通过社交媒体在当代社会流行起来的概念，传达了充分利用当下情况并抛开对未来所有担忧的愿望。)”可知，“YOLO”传达的是充分利用当下、抛开对未来所有担忧的愿望。故答案为：It conveys the desire to make the most of the present situation and cast aside all worries about the future. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Some young people do tend to be overly absorbed in future planning and miss out on the present, largely influenced by societal attitudes advocating the merits of working towards a life plan and future goal.(一些年轻人确实倾向于过度专注于未来规划而错过当下，这在很大程度上受到倡导朝着人生计划和未来目标努力的社会态度的影响。)”和第三段中的“Another factor driving young people to excessively plan for the future is the increasing number of world challenges.(促使年轻人过度规划未来的另一个因素是世界挑战的不断增加。)”可知，两个主要因素分别是倡导为人生计划和未来目标努力的社会态度，以及不断增多的世界挑战。故答案为：The two main reasons are societal attitudes (advocating the merits of working towards a life plan and future goal/that advocate working towards a life plan and future goal) and the increasing number of world challenges. 【42题详解】 考查推理判断。依据文章第二段中的“In Asian societies, young people plan their futures carefully to ensure financial security for the latter half of their lives.(在亚洲社会，年轻人仔细规划他们的未来，以确保后半生的经济安全。)”可知，亚洲年轻人仔细规划未来是为保障后半辈子经济安全，并非为寻找生活热情，所以In order to find their passions in life错误，应改为In order to ensure financial security for the latter half of their lives。故答案为：In order to find their passions in life, young people in Asia plan their futures carefully. In Asia, young people plan their futures carefully to ensure financial security for the latter half of their lives. 【43题详解】 考查开放性试题。结合文章鼓励年轻人活在当下的主旨，“人生更多的是旅程，而不是目的地”这句话强调，生命的价值不在于实现固定的目标，而在于一路上积累的经验、成长和联系；因此，人生旅途中的经历和感受更有价值，所以我们应该珍惜和享受当下。故答案为：It emphasizes that life’s value lies not in achieving fixed goals but in the ‌experiences, growth, and connections‌ forged along the way. Hence, experiences and feelings during life’s journey are more valuable, so we should cherish and enjoy the present. 第二节 (20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你打算创建一个自媒体账号（self-media account），向外国人介绍如何学习汉语。请给你的外国朋友Jim用英文写一封邮件，内容包括： 1.账号的形式和内容； 2.征求对方的意见。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I hope this email finds you well. I’m excited to share that I plan to create a self-media account to help foreigners learn Chinese, and I’d love to hear your thoughts! The account will feature short videos, posts, and interactive live sessions. I plan to use posts or visuals to illustrates how different characters developed over time. I might also share some short videos to demonstrate tones and role-play conversations, making the learning process both engaging and effective. Plus, I’ll hold live Q&A sessions occasionally to help foreign friends solve problems they encounter while learning. Since you’ve been learning Chinese, your input would be invaluable. What topics interest you most? Also, I’d love to hear your advice on the best formats to present the content and any unique cultural angles that might be overlooked. Looking forward to your suggestions! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文，要求考生给外国朋友Jim写邮件，告知自己打算创建介绍外国人学习汉语的自媒体账号，阐述账号的形式与内容，并征求对方的意见。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 打算：plan to →intend to 展示：illustrates→demonstrate 有价值的：invaluable →priceless 遇到：encounter →come across 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I might also share some short videos to demonstrate tones and role-play conversations, making the learning process both engaging and effective. 拓展句：I might also share some short videos to demonstrate tones and role-play conversations, which will make the learning process both engaging and effective. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I plan to use posts or visuals to illustrate how different characters developed over time.（运用了how引导的宾语从句作illustrate的宾语） 【高分句型2】Plus, I’ll hold live Q&A sessions occasionally to help foreign friends solve problems they encounter while learning.（运用了省略关系代词的定语从句修饰先行词problems以及状语从句中的省略结构） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市丰台区2024~2025学年度第二学期综合练习（二） 高三英语 2025.05 本试卷共11页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 笔试 共三部分(100分) 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 At 22, Clara Parker, full of artistic dreams, entered the art college. But soon, facing financial hardship, Clara had to quit school to find a ___1___. But opportunities were rare. Just when she was almost hopeless, she heard a local mine was hiring. ___2___ the tough, male-dominated environment, she applied and got the job, becoming the youngest and only female in the team. Her colleagues, ___3___ of her ability, started to whisper that she should leave. But Clara was determined. She spent her breaks studying the machinery manuals, asking the more experienced miners for advice. Gradually, she became ___4___ for the job. Even in the midst of the exhausting mining work, Clara never let go of her ___5___ for art. During her short lunch breaks, she’d quickly draw the faces of her fellow miners, trying to ___6___ the tiredness and determination in their eyes. These sketches were an artistic outlet as well as a way for her to ___7___ with the people around her. On weekends, using the limited paints she could afford, she’d create more elaborate paintings of the mine’s inside. Each stroke (笔画) of the brush was a means by which she could ___8___ the experiences of the week and find meaning in the tough job. Clara’s art not only brought a touch of ___9___ to the otherwise depressing mining environments but also united the workers in a shared appreciation for her talent. Now, Clara is a symbol of strength. While dreaming of returning to art school, she finds her hidden capabilities and resilience, proving unexpected journeys can inspire _____10_____. 1. A. project B. task C. way D. job 2. A. In contrast to B. Thanks to C. In spite of D. Apart from 3. A. doubtful B. certain C. aware D. proud 4. A. known B. qualified C. responsible D. grateful 5. A. concern B. appreciation C. respect D. passion 6. A. catch B. distinguish C. remove D. measure 7. A. joke B. compete C. connect D. trade 8. A. process B. explain C. escape D. compare 9. A. freedom B. wisdom C. humour D. beauty 10. A. acceptance B. growth C. honesty D. innovation 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Huang Xuhua (1924.2-2025.2) was one of the ____11____ (quiet) yet most remarkable national heroes. During the early hard years, he ____12____ (conduct) research on China’s nuclear submarine all year round. For 30 years when he was even absent from family letters, he had made huge sacrifices. ____13____ (respect) widely, he was named the man who built the underwater Great Wall. His selfless dedication and outstanding contributions will always be remembered. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 My mother is in hospital, ____14____ (battle) cancer. Every day, I make it a point ____15____ (visit) her and bring along a bunch of flowers. This morning was no different, but she got mad at me. She asked me not to spend money on flowers, insisting that I use it to help people in need. At that moment, ____16____ I witnessed was the beautiful way a mother’s love could ripple out into the world. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Chinese solar calendar ____17____ (divide) the year into 24 solar terms. Grain in Ear (芒种), the ninth solar term, begins on June 5 this year. The ____18____ (arrive) of Grain in Ear signifies the ripening of crops. It is also a busy period for farmers. The system of 24 solar terms ____19____ (establish) thousands of years ago to guide agricultural production. The culture remains useful today to direct people’s lives through special foods, cultural ____20____(ceremony) and healthy living tips. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Mobility issues affect over 1 in 5 Americans. These individuals, and their loved ones, know how decreased mobility can result in loss of independence, pain and an increased risk of falls. They are often stuck at home, missing out on a variety of activities, in a bad cycle that reduces their quality of life. In the past, mobility devices like scooters (小型摩托车) and power chairs were too heavy and big to transport easily. Now, carbon fiber material invented for the aerospace program has been used to create me ultimate light mobility device. It’s called the Journey Air Elite — an innovation unlike anything else available today. At only 26 pounds, the Journey Air Elite combines lightweight portability with world class performance. Its simple-to-use joystick (操纵杆) and powerful dual-motor (双马达) drive system enable you to zip around quickly and safely It’s easy to move, never tips, fits easily through doorways, and can go right up to a table or desk. Once you are done, just one pull on the seat handle folds it up. The fold-down backrest makes it even easier to store and transport. It features flat-free tires and back anti-tippers for added convenience and safety. Just imagine how this chair can improve your life and make it easier for loved ones and caregivers to accompany you to activities and events you would have missed in the past. Don’t spend another day stuck at home. Call today, and a helpful, knowledgeable consultant will help you get a Journey Air Elite of your very own. Don’t wait — call now! What makes it the best? ◇Ultra-lightweight yet durable ◇Speedy and flexible ◇Comfortable and easy-to-operate ◇8-mile range on a single charge ◇Perfect for dining, shopping, sightseeing and lots more Call toll-free now 1-888-530-1718 Please mention code 606621 when ordering. 21. The Journey Air Elite fits people who ________. A. enjoy outdoor activities B. love aerospace exploration C. need to carry heavy devices D. have difficulty moving around 22. The Journey Air Elite has ________. A. a dual-drive operation system B. an easily foldable back seat handle C. flat-free tires for speeding up quickly D. special materials for a lightweight design 23. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To promote the sale of the Journey Air Elite. B. To compare different types of mobility devices. C. To outline the development of mobility devices. D. To introduce the functions of the Journey Air Elite. B I grew up in a place stricken by extreme poverty. People struggled daily just to put food on the table. By the time I turned sixteen, my father’s hard work had paid off. He had over eight hundred students across three campuses, and finally, we could afford a TV. That’s when I became fixated on the idea of owning a magic pencil, inspired by a TV series. The main character, Sanju could draw anything he desired, and it would come to life. Despite being sixteen and knowing deep down that the magic pencil was nothing more than a fantasy for kids, a part of me still longed for it. At night, I dreamed of using it to transform the lives of those around me. But as the days passed, the pencil was never there. One afternoon my mother asked me to throw away some potato peels and eggshells. I walked to the rubbish dump, wrinkling my nose as I got close. As I tossed our rubbish onto the heap, I saw a girl my age. She was sorting rubbish into piles, one for cans, one for bottles. Nearby, boys were fishing in the pile for metal using magnets on strings. Later that day, I dragged my father to see the children at the dump. I posed a question about their absence from school. He shared that their earnings from gathering discarded(废弃的) things sustained their families — schooling would leave their loved ones hungry. As we walked back home, I saw tears on his cheek. Until then, I’d pinned all my hopes on some unseen, miraculous force to come along and wipe out the suffering in our world. Now I knew I would have to do something. As much as I wanted to help the children from the dump, my mother wanted to help everyone. She left the extra pot of rice and chicken for a poor family in our neighborhood. We shared our home with a family of seven who had fallen on hard times. And although my father’s school wasn’t really making a profit, he gave away more than a hundred free places in different grades to poor children. He wished he could have given away more. Inspired by what my parents had done, I started volunteering at local community centers, helping children with their studies and organising food drives for families in need. Gradually, I realised that while a magic pencil might not exist, the power to make a difference lay within us. Together, we could create a kind of magic that was real and lasting. 24. The girl at the dump sorted rubbish into piles to ________. A. collect items for personal DJY hobbies B. support her family by selling recyclables C. complete assignments on waste recycling D. locate the necessities that could be reused 25. To help other people, the author’s family ________. A. cooked special food for the poor B. donated school profits to children C. built free houses for the homeless D. provided free education for children 26. What can we conclude from this passage? A. Real magic comes from kindness and effort. B. Education has the power to transform lives. C. Those doing good deeds deserve rewards. D. Ending poverty requires joint efforts. C In economic theories, people are typically represented as analytical agents who learn from past experiences to optimize (优化) their performance, eventually reaching a stable state in which they know how to maximise their earnings. This assumption surprised Garnier Brun at École Polytechnique in France because, as a physicist, he knew that interactions in nature such as those between atoms often result in chaos rather than stability. To test whether economists are correct to assume that learning from the past can help people avoid chaos, Brun and his colleagues devised a mathematical mode for a game featuring hundreds of simulated players. Each player can choose between two actions, like buying or selling a stock. They also interact with each other, and the players’ decision-making is influenced by what they have done before — meaning they are able to learn from experience. The researchers could adjust the precise extent to which a player’s past experiences influenced their subsequent decision-making. They could also control the interactions between the players to make them either cooperate or compete with each other more. With all these control knobs available to them, Brun and his colleagues used methods from statistical physics to simulate different game situations on a computer. In some situations, the researchers expected that the game would always result in chaos, with players unable to learn how to optimise their performance. Economic theory would also suggest that, given the right set of parameters (参数), the players would settle into a stable state where they had mastered the game — but the researchers found this wasn’t really the case. The most likely outcome was a state that never settled. Team member Jean Martin, also at École Polytechnique, says that, in the absence of one centralised and all-knowing player who could coordinate everyone, regular players could only learn how to reach “satisficing” states. That is a level that satisfied minimum expectations, but not much more. Players gained more than they would have done by playing at random, so learning wasn’t useless, but they still gained less than they would have if past experience had allowed them to truly optimise their performance. Martin says the game model is too simple to be immediately adopted for making real-world predictions, but she sees the study as a challenge to economists to drop many assumptions that currently go into theorising processes, like merchants choosing suppliers or banks setting interest rates. The finding could also be important for simulating processes like foraging decisions by animals or for some machine-learning applications, says Toby Galla at the Institute for Cross-Disciplinary Physics and Complex Systems in Spain. 27. According to the passage, what inspired Brun to carry out the study? A. The belief that chaos is a common outcome in natural systems. B. The conflicts between economic theories and interactions in nature. C. The similarities in interaction patterns between atoms and humans. D. The inability of economic theories to predict individual behaviours. 28. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The research purpose. B. The research subjects. C. The research methods. D. The research direction. 29. What can we infer from Martin’s words? A. The “satisficing” state is an ideal outcome for players in the game. B. Players can reach optimal performance with enough past experiences. C. Centralised control is essential for players to reach their full potential. D. Learning from past experiences isn’t sufficient to maximise one’s gains. 30. What can be the best title of the passage? A. Economic Theories: Are They Reliable in Predicting Stability? B. Learning from Mistakes: The Key to Optimal Decision-Making. C. A Mathematical Model: Breaking Economic Stability Assumptions. D. Game Model Findings: Spreading Influence Across Multiple Disciplines. D In an era of big research, having confidence in scientists, individually or collectively, involves trade-offs. Science is ideally built on evidence but in reality, for most people, it is based on trust. Scientific evidence is hard to access. Journals are difficult to get and their articles, written in specialised language, are only understandable to a few field experts. So, we trust experts’ results without being able to question them ourselves, believing that if needed, someone knowledgeable will. Historically, the reputation of individual scientists has been important in facilitating the spread of scıentific theories and discoveries. If a scientist is, or can appear to be, trustworthy, so might that scientist’s ideas. This can lead to odd consequences. Recognisable scientists receive more credit and trust, while unrecognisable scientists often have their work overlooked. The history of science is filled with cases where basic papers written by relatively unknown scientists were neglected for years. Consider the case of Joseph Fourier, whose classic paper on the propagation of heat had to wait 13 years to be published. Since recognisable scientists receive disproportionate (不成比例的) credit, their names become disproportionately associated with discoveries. Statistics professor Stephen Stigler formulated “Stigler’s law of eponymy” (斯蒂格勒命名法则), stating no scientific discovery is named after its original discoverer. For instance, Pythagoras wasn't the first to discover the Pythagorean theorem, nor was Edwin Hubble the first to formulate Hubble’s law. However, modern science operates differently. Large collaborative (合作的) projects often produce papers with hundreds of authors. The record for the number of authors on a single scientific paper is currently 5,154. Furthermore, an editorial board composed of project group members actually wrote the papers. The papers were then placed on an electronic bulletin board for criticism and comment by all. Some massive collaborative projects constantly maintain author lists of hundreds of names, which are automatically submitted on every publication. If we can’t identify the thousands in big science projects or know their actual authors, who do we trust? I’d say we trust “science” itself regardless of the individual scıentists’ integrity. We trust the organisations that are considered scientific. Any clickbait news articles with “Science Says” in the title show this shift from trusting individuals to trusting the scientific enterprise. This shift to trusting “science” itself has risks. Misidentifying experts or trusting dishonest ones can abuse scientific erodibility. A striking example is Merchants of Doubt, where experts hid truths about acid rain and global warming. Authorship, then, serves one last function, which in some cases only benefits the historian like me: accountability. 31. What is the passage mainly about? A. The moral issues in scientific authorship and accountability. B. The role of individual scientists in modern scientific research. C. The evolution of trust in science from individuals to enterprises. D. The challenges of confirming scientific evidence in the digital age. 32. Why is “Stigler’s law of eponymy” mentioned? A. To justify an argument. B. To introduce an approach. C. To challenge a convention. D. To evaluate an assumption. 33. According to the passage, the author may agree that ________. A. modern science collaboration challenges the trust in individual scientists B. the current trend of trusting science overlooks scientists’ sacrifices C. authorship ought to be founded upon intellectual contributions D. it is vital to identify the authors of large-scale science projects 34. What is the author’s attitude towards the shift to trusting science itself? A. Sympathetic. B. Cautious. C. Disapproving. D. Puzzied. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Much smaller in size than the diameter of an average human hair, nanoplastics are invisible to the naked eye. Linked to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in people, nanoplastics continue to build up, largely unnoticed, in the world’s bodies of water. ____35____ Therefore, it is urgent to develop better ways to remove nanoplastics from water. However the challenge remains to develop a cost-effective solution to get rid of nanoplastics while leaving clean water behind. ____36____ Recently, researchers created a cheap liquid-based solution that removes more than 98% of these microscopic plastic particles (颗粒) from water. The innovative method uses water-resistant solvents (溶剂) made from natural ingredients. It not only offers a practical solution to the pressing issue of nanoplastic pollution but also paves the way for further research and development in advanced water purification technologies. The strategy uses a small amount of designer solvent to absorb plastic particles from a large dume of water. ____37____ Once mixed with water and allowed to reseparate, the solvent floats back to the surface, carrying the nanoplastics within its molecular structure. Currently, the capacity of the solvent is not well understood. ____38____ Additionally, they will explore methods to recycle the solvent, enabling their reuse multiple times if necessary. ____39____ The solvents are made from safe, non-toxic components, and their ability to resist water prevents additional pollution of water sources, making them a highly sustainable solution. From a scientific perspective, creating effective removal methods fosters innovation in filtration technologies, provides insights into nanomaterial behavior, and supports the development of informed environmental policies. A. That’s where a new research comes in. B. The cost of producing the solvent is still too high. C. Previous methods failed to purify and recycle the small particles. D. Initially, the solvent sits on the water’s surface the way oil floats on water. E. In future work, researchers aim to determine the maximum capacity of the solvent. F. The new method offers multiple advantages that are both practical and scientifically significant. G. They can damage water ecosystems and enter the food chain, threatening wildlife and humans. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 “You Only Live Once” (YOLO), a concept made popular in contemporary society through social media, conveys the desire to make the most of the present situation and cast aside all worries about the future. This mindset is considered to be the characteristic of today’s youth. However, do young people truly embody the YOLO mentality, or are they too concerned about planning their future to enjoy the present? Some young people do tend to be overly absorbed in future planning and miss out on the present, largely influenced by societal attitudes advocating the merits of working towards a life plan and future goal. In Asian societies, young people plan their futures carefully to ensure financial security for the latter half of their lives. This often means getting good education and jobs. So, many take extra classes, losing free time and hobbies. Their excessive (过度的) focus on academics, which neglects their personal nature, brings mental stress and stops them from following their passions. Another factor driving young people to excessively plan for the future is the increasing number of world challenges. Natural disasters, conflicts, wars, and pandemics are increasing, making the job market unstable. Young people are now more pressured to consider their future in this changing world. As a result, they don’t enjoy their youth as they should. Research conducted by University College London shows over half of 16-25-year-olds are worried about their future, with 53% believing job prospects are worsening. Nevertheless, it’s encouraging to see that more young people are stepping off the beaten path and embracing the YOLO philosophy. The future is uncertain, and it’s natural for young people to feel anxious. However, living in the moment and enjoying each experience is crucial. After all, isn’t life more about the journey than the destination? 40. What mindset does YOLO convey? ______________________________________________________________________________ 41. What are the two main factors that cause some young people to focus more on future planning? ______________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. In order to find their passions in life, young people in Asia plan their futures carefully. ______________________________________________________________________________ 43. How do you understand the sentence “Life is more about the journey than the destination.” in the passage? (In about 40 words) ______________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 (20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你打算创建一个自媒体账号（self-media account），向外国人介绍如何学习汉语。请给你的外国朋友Jim用英文写一封邮件，内容包括： 1.账号的形式和内容； 2.征求对方的意见。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $