27.Of Honor and Reputation 论荣华与名誉-双语名著无障碍阅读丛书——《培根随笔集The Essays of Bacon》

27.Of Honor and Reputation The winning of honor is but the revealing of a man's virtue and worth without disadvantage.For some in their actions do woo and effect honor and reputation;which sort of men are commonly much talked of,but inwardly little admired.And some,contrariwise,darken their virtue in the show of it;so as they be undervalued in opinion.If a man perform that which hath not been attempted before;or attempted and given over;or hath been achieved,but not with so good circumstance;he shall purchase more honor,than by effecting a matter of greater difficulty or virtue,wherein he is but a follower.If a man so temper his actions,as in some one of them he doth content every faction or combination of people,the music will be the fuller.A man is an ill husband of his honor,that entereth into any action,the failing wherein may disgrace him more than the carrying of it through can honor him.Honor that is gained and brokens upon another hath the quickest reflection,like diamonds cut with facets.And therefore let a man contend to excel any competitors of his in honor,in outshooting ·184· 27.论荣华与名誉 荣誉之获得在乎把一个人所有的才德和价值无 ①wo0寻求，追求 损无伤地显露出来。因为有些人在他们的行为中力 ②effect尽力得到，实现 求光荣与名誉，这种人通常虽是很受人的谈论，但 是很少人是在内心中羡慕他们的。有些人，与上述 的这一流人相反，他们掩藏自己的才德，使之不外 露，因此他们在一般人的意见中是被估价过低的。 假如一个人能做成一件人家未尝试过的事，或者是 一件经人尝试过而被放弃了的事，或者是别人也做 成过而未曾做得如此完善的事；如此他就可以比仅 仅追随别人之后而做成了一件更难或更高的事的人 ③temper=proportion, 使平衡，均衡，调和 得到更多的荣誉。假如一个人把他的所作所为调和 ④husband=manager, 得使其中总有一件可以取悦于各党各派的，那么赞 经营管理者 美他的歌声就更宏大了。假如一个人承诺去办一件 ⑤broken=shine by 事，而且这件事如果办成了他所获得的名誉远不如 comparison or by competition,通过比较 办砸了他所蒙受的耻辱的话，那么这个人就是个不 或竞争而显现 善于爱惜自己荣誉的人。由比较而得来的（就是显 ⑥contend /kan'tend/n. 斗争，竞争 出我优人劣的)那种荣誉是最显明的，就如同切成 ·185· The Essays of Bacon them,if he can,in their own bow.Discreet followers and servants help much to reputation.Ornnis fama a domesticis emanat [All fames proceeds from servants].Envy,which is the canker of honor,is best extinguished by declaring a man's self in his ends rather to seek merit than fame;and by attributing a man's successes rather to divine Providence and felicity,than to his own virtue or policy. The true marshalling of the degrees of sovereign honor are these:In the first place are conditores imperiorurn,founders of states and commonwealths;such as were Romulus,Cyrus,Caesar, Ottoman,Ismael.In the second place are legislatores,lawgivers; which are so called second founders or perpetui principes [perpetual rulers],because they govern by their ordinances after they are gone; such were Lycurgus,Solon,Justinian,Eadgar,Alphonsus of Castile, the Wise,that made the Siete Partidas.In the third place are liberatores,or salvatores [saviors],such as compound the long miseries of civil wars,or deliver their countries from servitude of strangers or tyrants;as Augustus Caesar,Vespasianus,Aurelianus,Theodoricus, King Henry the Seventh of England,King Henry the Fourth of France.In the fourth place are propagatores or propugnatores imperii [champions of the empire];such as in honorable wars enlarge their territories,or make noble defence against invaders.And in the last place are patres patrice [fathers of their country];which reign justly, and make the times good wherein they live.Both which last kinds need no examples,they are in such number. Degrees of honor in subjects are,first participes curarum [participants in cares],those upon whom princes do discharge the greatest weight of their affairs;their right hands,as we call them.The ·186· 培根随笔集 Ddiscreet /dis'kri:t/a谨慎 多少个面的钻石一样。所以一个人应当竭力与那和 的 他争名的人争胜，务要在可能范围以内，用那人自 ②canker /'kanka/n.毒害， 己的弓而射得比那人还要远。谨慎有识的从者与仆 弊害 役是大有助于名誉的。“一切名声都来自仆人。” ③merit/'merit/n功绩 ④Providence天意，上帝的 嫉妒心是荣誉的害虫。要想消灭嫉妒心，最好的方 保佑 5 felicity Good fortune, 法是表明自己的目的是在求事功而不求名声，并以 好运气 自己的成功归之于天佑和幸运而不归之于一己的才 6 marshalling /ma:folin/n. 编排 德或权术。 ⑦sovereign /'s:3 vrin/n.元 首 人君的荣誉之真正等级如下。第一流的君王应 数那些开国之君；如罗缪刺斯、萨拉斯、恺撒、奥 legislator /'led3is leita/n. 立法者 陶曼、依斯迈耳是也。第二流的就是立法创制之 君；这一类君王也叫作万世之君，因为他们逝世后 ordinance /'o:dinans/n. 法令 仍能以他们所立的法度治国；这一流的帝王例如里 可尔戛斯、索伦、加斯提尼安、埃德瓦、“聪明 )Siete Partidas=“七法"，指 The Spanish code of laws 的”喀斯提王阿尔芳撒斯，就是那立“七法”的， ⑩servitude"so:vitju:d/奴 役，束缚 皆是也。第三就是“解难之君”或“救国之君”， 如解决内战之长期困苦，或从异族或暴君的束缚下 @tyrant"taioront/n.暴君 把国家拯救出来的君王是也。例如奥古斯塔斯大 propagator /propageita/ 帝、外斯帕显、奥瑞利安努斯、西奥道瑞库斯、英 m增殖者 王亨利七世，法王亨利四世皆是也。第四就是“扩 疆拓土之君”或“保国之君”，如以光荣的战争扩 张疆土或以光荣的自卫战抵御侵略者的君主是也。 最末应数那些“国父”，就是那些治国有道，致他 们所处的时代国泰民安的人君。这末两种都不需要 例子，因为像这样的君主是很多的。 臣民的荣誉应分级如下：第一是“为主分忧之 臣”，就是那些主上倚之以负重举大的人们，就是 我们所谓的“人君的右手”者是也。其次就是“统 ·187· The Essays of Bacon next are duces belli,great leaders [in war];such as are princes' lieutenants,and do them notable services in the wars.The third are gratiosi,favorites;such as exceed not this scantling,to be solace to the sovereign,and harmless to the people.And the fourth,negotiis pares [equals in business];such as have great places under princes,and execute their places with sufficiency.There is an honor,likewise,which may be ranked amongst the greatest which happeneth rarely;that is,of such as sacrifice themselves to death or danger for the good of their country;as was M.Regulus. ·188· 培根随笔集【 lieutenant /lef'tenont;le' 兵大将”，即伟大的军人领袖；例如人君的辅佐和 tenont;lju:'tenont/n. 理人员 在军事上有大功者是也。第三就是“亲幸之臣”， ②scantling=Measure,标 如能得君心而不扰民的人们是也。第四就是“能 准，尺度 臣”就是居高位而能尽职，能办大事的人们。还有 ③solace /solas/n安慰 一种荣誉，可列于最高等级的荣誉之中，但是不常 见，就是为国捐躯或冒大危险的人们，例如马喀 斯·瑞古拉斯是也。 ·189·