6.3 正名Rectification of Names-双语名著无障碍阅读丛书——《论语(精选)Sayings of Confucius》

论语(精选) 正名 子路{①}日:“卫君^{②}待子而为政,子将奚 ①子路:仲由,字子路,是孔子 的忠实而亲近的门徒。 先?”子日:“必也正名^{③}乎!”子路日:“有是 ②卫君:当时的卫君为卫出公 辄。他的父亲因内乱逃亡到 哉,子之迁也!奚其正?”子日:“野哉,由也!君 晋国,卫国人立辄为君。以 子于其所不知,盖阙如也。名不正,则言不顺 后晋国派兵送他的父亲回 国,齐国又派兵帮助卫国抵 言不顺,则事不成;事不成,则礼乐不兴;礼乐 御晋兵,形成父子争位的局 不兴,则刑罚不中;刑罚不中,则民无所错^{④}手 面。孔子提出“正名“的理 论,可能与此事有关。 足。故君子名之必可言也,言之必可行也。君 ③正名:孔子说的“正名”,主 子于其言,无所苟而已矣。”(13.3) 要指礼制和伦理上的错误 必须纠正。当时懵越、篡位 的事情经常发生,所以“正 名”有重要的意义。 ④错:同“措”。“无所错手足 白话翻译 即手和脚都不知道放在何 处。 子路说:“卫国国君在等先生主政。先生 将首先做什么?”孔子说:“必须首先正名吧!” 子路说:“先生真这样迁腐吗?名又如何正 呢?”孔子说:“由呀,你太粗野了!君子对于 自己不懂的事,就不去谈论。如果名不正,说 起来就不顺;说起来不顺,事情就不能做好 事情做不好,礼乐就兴不起来:礼乐兴不起 来,刑罚就不能恰当;刑罚不恰当,民众便不 .118. The Analects of Confucius (Sefections) Recificatond f# Names ① rectification /.rektifi'keifon/n. 改正.改订,矫正 Zilu② asked, "The duke ② Zilu: Zhong You, whose courtesy name was of Wei③ is waiting for you to take Zilu, was a faithful and close disciple of Confucius'. charge of the government. What will ③ The duke of Wei: Wei was a small state where you do first?"Confucius said,"It Confucius stayed for some time, At that time the duke of Wei was Ji Zhe. In a power struggle his seems necessary to start with the father Ji Kuai Kui had been driven to the state of rectification of names④." Zilu said, Jin and he had been made the ruler of Wei. Then Jin sent troops to escort Kuai Kui back to "You are so pedantic{! How can the border of Wei, and the state of Oj sent names be rectified?" Confucius said. troops to help Wei to resist Jin forces. Thus father and son began fighting for power. It was "You are being rude, You *}! against this background that Confucius raised the A gentleman does not talk about question of the rectification of names ④ rectification of names: This probably means that things he does not understand. If names should correspond with facts and that names are not correct, they cannot there should be no discrepancy between them. Therefore one should have only the position or be properly used. If what is said is title one is rightly entitled to, and one's wrong not proper, things cannot be done position or title should be changed. Moreover, one should do only the things one has the righ successfully. If things cannot be done to do, and one's wrong acts should be successfully, the rites or music corrected. Confucius put forward this principle probably because in his day usurpations and cannot develop. If the rites or music other illegal or immoral practices were common. cannot develop, punishments cannot pedantic /pi'dentik/a. 拘泥形式的.枯燥迁腐的 be rightly administered ②}. If You: i.e. Zilu. punishments administer /od'ministo/v. 管理,治理,执行 cannot be rightly administered, the common people .119· 论语(精选) 知道如何行动。所以君子定一个名,必然能说 得出口;说得出口,必然也就行得通。君子对 于自己说的话,是不能随便的。” ·120· The Analects of Confucius (Sefections) will not know how to act or behave. So a gentleman gives to things names that can be ① casual/kxsiual/ a 随便的.非正 used, and he says things that can be carried out 式,漫不经心的 A gentleman is never casual{①} about what he says."(133) .121·