20.There be句型(知识清单)-小学英语语法专项系列(外研版三起)

2025-05-08
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小学英语语法专项系列(外研版三起) 20.There be句型(知识清单) There be 句型表示 “某地有某物 / 某人” ,强调存在关系。它的基本结构为:There be + 某物 / 某人 + 地点状语。例如:There is a book on the desk.(桌子上有一本书。)“There” 没有实际意义,be 动词的形式要根据其后所接名词的单复数形式以及句子时态来确定。 考试中我们经常会考关于There be句型的哪些知识点呢? 考点1 There be 句型的一般现在时结构与用法 基础知识梳理 1.结构: 肯定句: There is + 单数可数名词 / 不可数名词 + 地点状语; There are + 复数可数名词 + 地点状语。 例如:There is a cat in the room.(房间里有一只猫。) There are some books on the shelf.(书架上有一些书。) 否定句: 在 be 动词后加 not,即 There is not (isn't) + 单数可数名词 / 不可数名词 + 地点状语; There are not (aren't) + 复数可数名词 + 地点状语。 例如:There isn't a pen on the table.(桌子上没有钢笔。) There aren't any students in the classroom.(教室里没有学生。) 一般疑问句: 把 be 动词提到句首,即 Is there + 单数可数名词 / 不可数名词 + 地点状语?Are there + 复数可数名词 + 地点状语? 肯定回答:Yes, there is./Yes, there are. 否定回答:No, there isn't./No, there aren’t. 例如:Is there a park near here?(这附近有公园吗?)Yes, there is.(是的,有。) Are there any birds in the tree?(树上有鸟吗?) No, there aren't.(不,没有。) 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词 + be 动词 + there + 地点状语。 例如:What's there in the box?(盒子里有什么?) 2. 用法: 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。 表示现在某地存在某人或某物。常与表示地点的介词短语连用,描述当前的状态。 经典例题 【例1】( ) —______ there a library in your school? —Yes, there ______. A. Is; is B. Are; are C. Is; are(单选题) 【答案】A 【考点】There be 句型一般现在时的一般疑问句及回答 【解析】a library 是单数可数名词,be 动词用 is,回答也用 is,所以选 A。 【例2】 There ______ some milk in the glass. A. is B. are C. be 【答案】A 【考点】There be 句型中 be 动词的选择(就近原则) 【解析】milk 是不可数名词,be 动词用 is,所以选 A。milk 是不可数名词,be 动词用 is,所以选 A。 【例3】 There are some apples on the tree.(改为否定句) ______________________________________________ 【答案】There aren't any apples on the tree. 【考点】There be 句型一般现在时的否定句转换 【解析】在 are 后加 not,some 变为 any。 即学即练(一) 一、选择题。 ( ) 1. There ______ a boy and two girls in the classroom. A. is B. are C. am ( ) 2. —______ there any flowers in the garden? —No, there ______. A. Are; aren’t B. Is; isn’t C. Are; is ( ) 3. There ______ some water in the bottle. A. are B. is C. be 二、选词填空。 There ______ (is / are) some soup in the bowl. There ______ (isn't / aren't) a cat under the bed. ______ (Is / Are) there any flowers in the garden? There ______ (is / are) a book and two pens on the desk. There ______ (isn't / aren't) any water in the cup. 三、句型转换。 There is a dog in the yard.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) __________________________________________________ There are some birds in the tree.(对划线部分提问) __________________________________________________ There isn't a park near my home.(改为肯定句) __________________________________________________ There are three boys in the classroom.(用 “two girls” 改写句子) __________________________________________________ 考点2:There be 句型的一般过去时结构与用法 基础知识梳理 1. 结构: 肯定句: There was + 单数可数名词 / 不可数名词 + 地点状语; There were + 复数可数名词 + 地点状语。 例如:There was a meeting yesterday.(昨天有一场会议。) There were many people in the street last night.(昨晚街上有很多人。) 否定句: 在 be 动词后加 not,即 There was not (wasn't) + 单数可数名词 / 不可数名词 + 地点状语;There were not (weren't) + 复数可数名词 + 地点状语。 例如:There wasn't a bank here ten years ago.(十年前这里没有银行。) There weren't any cars on the road then.(那时路上没有汽车。) 一般疑问句: 把 be 动词提到句首,即 Was there + 单数可数名词 / 不可数名词 + 地点状语?Were there + 复数可数名词 + 地点状语? 肯定回答:Yes, there was./Yes, there were. 否定回答:No, there wasn't./No, there weren’t. 例如:Was there a park in the town last year?(去年这个镇上有公园吗?) Yes, there was.(是的,有。) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + be 动词过去式 + there + 地点状语。 例如:What was there in the box yesterday?(昨天盒子里有什么?) How many students were there in your class last term?(上学期你们班有多少学生?) 2.用法: 表示过去某地存在某人或某物,常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如 yesterday、last week、last year 等。 经典例题 【例1】( ) —______ there a football match on TV last night? —Yes, there ______.(单选题) A. Was;was B. Is;is C. Was;wasn’t 【答案】A 【考点】There be 句型一般过去时的一般疑问句及回答 【解析】a football match 是单数,last night 表明是过去时,be 动词用 was,肯定回答也用 was,所以选 A。 【例2】( ) There ______ some trees in the garden last year. A. is B. were C. was 【答案】B 【考点】There be 句型一般过去时中 be 动词的选择 【解析】 trees 是复数,last year 表明是过去时,be 动词用 were,所以选 B。trees 是复数,last year 表明是过去时,be 动词用 were,所以选 B。 【例3】 There were some apples on the plate yesterday.(改为否定句) _________________________________________ 【答案】There weren't any apples on the plate yesterday. 【考点】There be 句型一般过去时的否定句转换 【解析】在 were 后加 not,some 变为 any。 即学即练(二) 一、选择题。 ( ) 1. There ______ a party at school last weekend. A. are B. was C. were ( ) 2. —______ there any animals in the zoo yesterday? —No, there ______. A. Were; weren’t B. Was; wasn’t C. Are; aren't ( ) 3. There ______ a lot of water in the river two years ago. A. is B. were C. was ( ) 4.There ______ an old temple(寺庙)here many years ago. A. is B. was C. are ( ) 5.There ______ some milk in the bottle yesterday. But now there ______ none. A. was; is B. were; is C. was; are 二、选词填空。 1. There _____________ (was / were) many stars in the sky last night. 2. There _____________ (wasn't / weren't) a hospital in this town ten years ago. 3. _____________ (Was / Were) there a football match in your school last week? 4. There _____________ (was / were) a cat and two dogs in the garden just now. 5. There _____________ (wasn't / weren't) any bread on the plate yesterday. 三、句型转换。 There was a park in the city last year.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) _______________________________________________________ There were some fish in the river last month.(对划线部分提问) _______________________________________________________ There wasn't a bank near my home last year.(改为肯定句) _______________________________________________________ There was a library in our school last term.(改为否定句) _______________________________________________________ There be 句型的一般将来时结构与用法 1.结构 肯定句: There is/are going to be + 某物 / 某人 + 地点状语;There will be + 某物 / 某人 + 地点状语。 例如:There is going to be a concert tomorrow.(明天将有一场音乐会。) There will be more people in the city in the future. (未来这个城市将会有更多的人。) 否定句: There is/are not going to be + 某物 / 某人 + 地点状语; There will not (won't) be + 某物 / 某人 + 地点状语。 例如: There isn't going to be a meeting this afternoon.(今天下午不会有会议。) There won't be any water in the bottle soon.(很快瓶子里就不会有水了。) 一般疑问句: Is/Are there going to be + 某物 / 某人 + 地点状语? Will there be + 某物 / 某人 + 地点状语? 肯定回答:Yes, there is/are./ Yes, there will. 否定回答:No, there isn't/aren't. / No, there won’t. 例如:Is there going to be a party tonight?(今晚有派对吗?) Yes, there is.(是的,有。) 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词 + is/are there going to be + 地点状语? 特殊疑问词 + will there be + 地点状语? 例如: What is there going to be in the park tomorrow?(明天公园里将会有什么?)How many people will there be at the party?(派对上会有多少人?) 2.用法: 表示将来某地会存在某人或某物,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如 tomorrow、next week、in the future 等。 经典例题解析 【例1】—______ there a basketball game on TV tomorrow? —Yes, there ______. A. Is; is B. Is; going to be C. Will; is 【答案】B 【考点】There be 句型一般将来时的一般疑问句及回答(be going to 结构) 【解析】 tomorrow 表明是将来时,根据回答可知用 be going to 结构,a basketball game 是单数,be 动词用 is,所以选 B。 【例2】There ______ a lot of rain in this area next month. A. is going to have B. will have C. will be 【答案】C 【考点】There be 句型一般将来时的结构(will 结构) 【解析】表示将来某地有某物用 There be 句型的将来时,A、B 选项中 have 不能与 There be 同时使用,所以选 C。 【例3】 There is going to be a film tonight.(改为否定句) __________________________________________ 【答案】There isn't going to be a film tonight. 【考点】There be 句型一般将来时(be going to 结构)的否定句转换 【解析】在 is 后加 not。 即学即练(三) 一、单选题。 ( ) 1. There ______ a sports meeting in our school next week. A. is going to have B. will be C. are going to be ( ) 2. —______ there going to be a party tomorrow? —No, there ______. A. Is; isn’t B. Are; aren’t C. Will; won't ( ) 3. There ______ more buildings in the city in the future. A. will have B. is going to be C. will be ( ) 4. There ______ a party in our class next Friday. A. are going to be B. is going to be C. will have ( ) 5.There ______ a new school in our town in two years. A. will be B. is going to have C. are going to be 二、选词填空。 There ____________ (will be / is going to be) a concert in the park tomorrow. There ____________ (won't be / isn't going to be) any classes next week. ____________ (Will / Is) there be a film in the cinema tonight? There ____________ (will be / are going to be) some flowers in the garden next spring. There _________________ (won't be / isn't going to be) a sports meeting this month. 三、句型转换。 1. I played basketball after school.(改为一般疑问句) _________________________________________________________ 2. She had breakfast at 7:30.(改为否定句) _________________________________________________________ 3.They visited their grandparents last weekend.(对画线部分提问) _________________________________________________________ 4.He watched TV last night.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答) _________________________________________________________ 拓展知识:: There be 句型与 have/has 的区别 There be 句型表示 “存在” 关系,即 “某地有某物 / 某人”; have/has 表示 “拥有” 关系,强调所属,主语一般是人或有生命的物体。 例如: I have a book.(我有一本书,强调我拥有) There is a book on the desk.(桌子上有一本书,强调存在) 拓展知识::There be 句型的反意疑问句 There be 句型的反意疑问句,附加部分的主语仍用 there。 例如: There is a book on the desk, isn't there? (桌子上有一本书,不是吗?) There are some students in the classroom, aren't there? (教室里有一些学生,不是吗?) 第 1 页 共 6 页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 即学即练(一) 一、选择题 答案:1. A 2. A 3. B 1. A 【解析】在 There be 句型中,当主语由多个名词组成时,遵循 “就近原则”,即 be 动词的单复数形式由离它最近的名词的单复数决定。此句中离 be 动词近的是 “a boy”,为单数可数名词,所以 be 动词用 “is”,故选项 A 正确。 2. A 【解析】“flowers” 是复数可数名词,所以在 There be 句型的一般疑问句中,be 动词要用 “Are”;其否定回答是 “No, there aren't”,所以选项 A 正确。 3. B 【解析】“water” 是不可数名词,在 There be 句型中,不可数名词作主语时,be 动词要用 “is”,所以选项 B 正确。 二、选词填空 答案:is;isn't;Are;is;isn't 1. is 【解析】“soup” 是不可数名词,根据 There be 句型中不可数名词作主语时 be 动词用 “is” 的规则,所以此处填 “is”。 2. isn't 【解析】“a cat” 是单数可数名词,所以 There be 句型的否定形式中 be 动词用 “isn't”,故此处填 “isn't”。 3. Are 【解析】“flowers” 是复数可数名词,在 There be 句型的一般疑问句中,be 动词要用 “Are”,所以此处填 “Are”。 4. is 【解析】根据 There be 句型的 “就近原则”,“a book and two pens” 中离 be 动词近的是 “a book”,为单数可数名词,所以 be 动词用 “is”,故此处填 “is”。 5. isn't 【解析】“water” 是不可数名词,在 There be 句型的否定形式中,不可数名词作主语时 be 动词用 “isn't”,所以此处填 “isn't”。 三、句型转换 Is there a dog in the yard? What's in the tree? There is a park near my home. There are two girls in the classroom. 1.答案:一般疑问句:Is there a dog in the yard? 否定回答:No, there isn't. 【解析】将 There be 句型的陈述句改为一般疑问句时,把 be 动词提到句首即可,所以 “There is a dog in the yard.” 的一般疑问句是 “Is there a dog in the yard?”;其否定回答是 “No, there isn't”。 2.答案: What's in the tree? 【解析】对 There be 句型中表示事物的部分提问时,用特殊疑问词 “What”,然后把 be 动词提到主语前面,原句的 be 动词 “are” 要根据实际情况调整,这里因为不知道树里具体有什么,默认用 “What's(What is)”,所以答案是 “What's in the tree?”。 3.答案:There is a park near my home. 【解析】将 There be 句型的否定句改为肯定句,只需把 “isn't” 改为 “is” 即可,所以 “There isn't a park near my home.” 的肯定句是 “There is a park near my home.”。 4.答案:There are two girls in the classroom. 【解析】将原句 “There are three boys in the classroom.” 中的 “three boys” 替换为 “two girls”,其他部分不变,得到 “There are two girls in the classroom.”。 即学即练(二) 一、选择题 答案:1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. A 1. B 【解析】“last weekend” 表示过去的时间,是一般过去时的标志,“a party” 是单数可数名词,在 There be 句型的一般过去时中,单数可数名词作主语时,be 动词用 “was”,所以选项 B 正确。 2. A 【解析】“yesterday” 表明句子是一般过去时,“animals” 是复数可数名词,在 There be 句型的一般过去时的一般疑问句中,be 动词要用 “Were”;其否定回答是 “No, there weren't”,所以选项 A 正确。 3. C 【解析】“two years ago” 说明句子时态是一般过去时,“water” 是不可数名词,在 There be 句型的一般过去时中,不可数名词作主语时,be 动词用 “was”,所以选项 C 正确。 4. B 【解析】“many years ago” 表示过去的时间,句子为一般过去时,“an old temple” 是单数可数名词,在 There be 句型的一般过去时中,be 动词用 “was”,所以选项 B 正确。 5. A 【解析】前半句 “yesterday” 表明是一般过去时,“milk” 是不可数名词,在 There be 句型的一般过去时中,不可数名词作主语时,be 动词用 “was”;后半句 “now” 表明是一般现在时,“none” 指代不可数的液体(根据语境推测是瓶子里的东西),be 动词用 “is”,所以选项 A 正确。 二、选词填空 答案:1. were 2. wasn't 3. Was 4. was 5. wasn't 1. were 【解析】“last night” 表明句子是一般过去时,“stars” 是复数可数名词,在 There be 句型的一般过去时中,复数可数名词作主语时,be 动词用 “were”,所以此处填 “were”。 2. wasn't 【解析】“ten years ago” 表明句子是一般过去时,“a hospital” 是单数可数名词,在 There be 句型的一般过去时的否定形式中,单数可数名词作主语时,be 动词用 “wasn't”,所以此处填 “wasn't”。 3. Was 【解析】“last week” 表明句子是一般过去时,“a football match” 是单数可数名词,在 There be 句型的一般过去时的一般疑问句中,be 动词要用 “Was”,所以此处填 “Was”。 4. was 【解析】根据 There be 句型的 “就近原则”,“a cat and two dogs” 中离 be 动词近的是 “a cat”,为单数可数名词,“just now” 表明句子是一般过去时,所以 be 动词用 “was”,故此处填 “was”。 5. wasn't 【解析】“yesterday” 表明句子是一般过去时,“bread” 是不可数名词,在 There be 句型的一般过去时的否定形式中,不可数名词作主语时,be 动词用 “wasn't”,所以此处填 “wasn't”。 三、句型转换 Was there a park in the city last year? Yes, there was. What was in the river last month? There was a bank near my home last year. There wasn't a library in our school last term. 1.答案:一般疑问句:Was there a park in the city last year? 肯定回答:Yes, there was. 【解析】将 There be 句型的一般过去时的陈述句改为一般疑问句时,把 be 动词 “was” 提到句首即可,所以 “There was a park in the city last year.” 的一般疑问句是 “Was there a park in the city last year?”;其肯定回答是 “Yes, there was”。 2.答案: What was in the river last month? 【解析】对 There be 句型中表示事物的部分提问时,用特殊疑问词 “What”,然后把 be 动词提到主语前面,原句是一般过去时,be 动词 “were” 要根据实际情况调整,这里因为不知道河里具体有什么,默认用 “What was”,所以答案是 “What was in the river last month?”。 3.答案:There was a bank near my home last year. 【解析】将 There be 句型的一般过去时的否定句改为肯定句,只需把 “wasn't” 改为 “was” 即可,所以 “There wasn't a bank near my home last year.” 的肯定句是 “There was a bank near my home last year.”。 4.答案:There wasn't a library in our school last term. 【解析】将 There be 句型的一般过去时的肯定句改为否定句,在 be 动词 “was” 后加 “not”,可缩写为 “wasn't”,所以 “There was a library in our school last term.” 的否定句是 “There wasn't a library in our school last term.”。 即学即练(三) 一、单选题 答案:1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. A 1. B 【解析】“next week” 表明句子是一般将来时,There be 句型的一般将来时结构有 “there is/are going to be” 和 “there will be” 两种形式。A 选项 “is going to have” 错误,There be 句型本身表示 “某地有某物”,不能和 “have” 同时使用;“a sports meeting” 是单数,C 选项 “are going to be” 中 be 动词应该用 “is”,所以选项 B “will be” 正确。 2. A 【解析】“tomorrow” 表明句子是一般将来时,“a party” 是单数可数名词,在 be going to 结构的一般将来时的一般疑问句中,be 动词用 “Is”;其否定回答是 “No, there isn't”,所以选项 A 正确。 3. C 【解析】“in the future” 表明句子是一般将来时,“buildings” 是复数可数名词。A 选项 “will have” 错误,不能和 There be 句型同时使用来表示 “有”;B 选项 “is going to be” 中 be 动词应该用 “are”;C 选项 “will be” 符合 There be 句型一般将来时的结构,所以选项 C 正确。 4. B 【解析】“next Friday” 表明句子是一般将来时,“a party” 是单数可数名词。在 be going to 结构的一般将来时中,单数可数名词作主语时,be 动词用 “is”,所以 “there is going to be” 正确,选项 B 正确;A 选项 “are going to be” 中 be 动词错误;C 选项 “will have” 错误,不能与 There be 句型同时使用。 5. A 【解析】“in two years” 表明句子是一般将来时,“a new school” 是单数可数名词。B 选项 “is going to have” 错误,不能和 There be 句型同时使用;C 选项 “are going to be” 中 be 动词应该用 “is”;A 选项 “will be” 符合 There be 句型一般将来时的结构,所以选项 A 正确。 二、选词填空 答案:is going to be;won't be;Will;will be;won't be 1. is going to be 【解析】“tomorrow” 表明句子是一般将来时,“a concert” 是单数可数名词,“is going to be” 更强调事先的计划、安排,这里表示明天公园有一场音乐会,是一种计划安排,所以用 “is going to be” 合适。 2. won't be 【解析】“next week” 表明句子是一般将来时,“classes” 是复数可数名词,“won't be” 是 “will not be” 的缩写,用于 There be 句型一般将来时的否定形式,这里表示下周没有课,所以用 “won't be” 合适。 3. Will 【解析】“tonight” 表明句子是一般将来时,“a film” 是单数可数名词,“Will” 用于构成 will 结构的一般将来时的一般疑问句,这里问今晚电影院是否有电影,所以用 “Will” 合适。 4. will be 【解析】“next spring” 表明句子是一般将来时,“flowers” 是复数可数名词,“will be” 可用于 There be 句型的一般将来时,这里表示明年春天花园里会有一些花,所以用 “will be” 合适。 5. won't be 【解析】“this month” 表明句子是一般将来时,“a sports meeting” 是单数可数名词,“won't be” 用于 There be 句型一般将来时的否定形式,这里表示这个月没有运动会,所以用 “won't be” 合适。 三、句型转换 Did you play basketball after school? She didn't have breakfast at 7:30. What did they do last weekend? Did he watch TV last night? Yes, he did. 1.答案:Did you play basketball after school? 【解析】原句 “I played basketball after school.” 是一般过去时,改为一般疑问句时,在句首加助动词 “Did”,动词过去式 “played” 还原为原形 “play”,第一人称 “I” 变为第二人称 “you”,所以得到 “Did you play basketball after school?”。 2.答案:She didn't have breakfast at 7:30. 【解析】原句 “She had breakfast at 7:30.” 是一般过去时,改为否定句时,在主语 “she” 后加 “didn't”,动词过去式 “had” 还原为原形 “have”,即 “She didn't have breakfast at 7:30.”。 3.答案: What did they do last weekend? 【解析】对原句 “They visited their grandparents last weekend.” 中表示动作的部分提问,用特殊疑问词 “What...do”,原句是一般过去时,在特殊疑问句中加助动词 “did”,动词过去式 “visited” 还原为原形 “do”,所以得到 “What did they do last weekend?”。 4.答案:一般疑问句:Did he watch TV last night? 肯定回答:Yes, he did. 【解析】原句 “He watched TV last night.” 是一般过去时,改为一般疑问句时,在句首加助动词 “Did”,动词过去式 “watched” 还原为原形 “watch”,得到一般疑问句 “Did he watch TV last night?”;其肯定回答用 “Yes, 主语 + did”,这里主语是 “he”,所以肯定回答是 “Yes, he did”。 $$

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20.There be句型(知识清单)-小学英语语法专项系列(外研版三起)
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20.There be句型(知识清单)-小学英语语法专项系列(外研版三起)
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20.There be句型(知识清单)-小学英语语法专项系列(外研版三起)
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