精品解析：北京大学附属中学2024-2025学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题

北大附中2024-2025学年第二学期期中考试 高二英语 注意事项 1.考试时间: 90分钟。满分: 100分。 2.所有试题答案必须写在答题纸的规定位置，超出范围无效。 3.使用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔答题，不得使用铅笔答题。不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带修改。 4.考试结束后，只提交答题纸，试卷自己留存。 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 From the time he learned to walk, Imran Nuri heard from his parents time and time again, “You must strive to be the best at everything.” And Nuri followed their advice and graduated with honors from Ohio State University, then moved to Chicago, where he ____1____ a prime job as a national marketing director for a company. But with each passing month, Nuri realized that his parents’ advice, while ____2____, wasn’t necessarily suitable for him. By the time he was 24 years old, Nuri faced the kind of life crisis ____3____ found in people twice his age. Focusing on money, ____4____ and power was leaving him unfulfilled. In a bold (大胆的) ____5____, he quit his job and decided to drive to every state in the Lower 48 on a100-day trip to find 1,000 strangers and ask them to share one thing they wish they’d known when they were younger. He had no interest in hitting specific cities, national parks or monuments. His goal was simple: Go where he could find people in settings where they might talk. Over the next few months Nuri ____6____ people of all ages and races. Some kept walking. Others said they had no time or weren’t interested. But many were happy to ____7____. The weeks had turned into months, and now he was traveling with the ____8____ of the 1,300 people he’d talked to on his 15,000-mile trip. What they taught him was that life isn’t to be talked about, but to be ____9____ in all its messy beauty. Today, Nuri is back in Chicago, employed as a senior marketing director for a new company. He’s not the man he once was. He seeks answers to questions, which leads to more questions and more answers, a ____10____ that provides not certainty, but meaning. 1. A. investigated B. landed C. rejected D. completed 2. A. well-known B. well-received C. well-prepared D. well-intentioned 3. A. typically B. eventually C. definitely D. recently 4. A. promises B. occupations C. titles D. breakthroughs 5. A. move B. innovation C. imagination D. prediction 6. A. approached B. signaled C. studied D. motivated 7. A. show up B. stand out C. cheer up D. open up 8. A. expectations B. connections C. affections D. spirits 9. A. regretted B. defined C. lived D. assessed 10. A. moment B. cycle C. system D. goal 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 A group of high-tech robots performing traditional Chinese folk dances became the highlight of this year’s Spring Festival Gala. The humanoid machines, ____11____ (equip) with advanced sensors and AI systems, partnered with human artists to present a lively “Er Ren Zhuan” performance, a Northeast Chinese folk dance known for its humor and rhythm. Programmed to mimic human movements with precision, the robots rocked their bodies and even cracked jokes with their human counterparts, ____12____ (create) a perfect blend of tradition and innovation. The performance ended with a group bow, leaving viewers both entertained and inspired. Rarely do people know that the engineers ____13____ (prepare) the show for more than 3 months before the gala. In conclusion, tradition evolves, bridging generations through creativity. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 O. Henry, ____14____ real name was William Sydney Porter, was a celebrated American short-story writer known for his clever plots and unexpected twists. Born in 1862, he lived a life as dramatic as his tales, working various jobs before becoming a full-time writer. ____15____ made his stories unforgettable was their heartwarming humor and ironic endings, which often revealed deeper truths about human nature. Having spent years in prison for embezzlement(贪污罪), O. Henry turned his experiences into vivid storytelling, blending wit with emotional ____16____ (deep). That his stories remain widely read today shows how timeless themes like kindness and resilience connect readers across generations. O. Henry’s legacy lies in his ability ____17____ (turn) simple moments into unforgettable lessons, leaving audiences both moved and astonished. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 The biological clock, an internal system that regulates our sleep-wake cycle, plays a vital role in maintaining physical and mental health. Known as circadian rhythms, these 24-hour cycles____18____ (control) by a part of the brain which responds to light and darkness. However, disrupting these rhythms can lead to fatigue, weakened immunity, and even mood disorders. When exposed to artificial light at night, especially from screens, our bodies produce less melatonin, a hormone that promotes sleep. This explains why staying up late ____19____ (leave) us feeling exhausted. To optimize health, experts suggest establishing consistent routines, such as waking up at the same time daily and avoiding bright lights before bed. By respecting our biological clock, we can live in harmony ____20____ nature’s rhythm. 第二部分：阅读理解 (共两节，38分) 第一节 (共14小题；每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A The best science books inspire a sense of wonder and make you amazed at the incredible world we live in. Here are four of them to feed your imagination. A Short History of Nearly Everything by Bill Bryson How did it all begin? And how did we get here? Combining history and science, the book offers a comprehensive yet entertaining answer to these questions. Bill Bryson takes the reader on an impressive journey through the greatest scientific discoveries in history. It explains scientific topics in a vivid way, but it's quite a long read. Thing Explainer by Randall Munroe How do helicopters work? Or cells? Randall Munroe explains how things work using illustrations and only the most common 1,000 words in English. It will shift your approach to explanation. So, next time explain how something works rather than merely call it by its name. However, additionally providing more technical terms might have enhanced the understanding and learning experience. Ask an Astronaut by Tim Peake What does it feel like to fly into space? How do you prepare for it? Astronaut Tim Peake answers all the questions you never knew about going into space. The book gives insights into the cutting-edge science, as well as the day-to-day life on board of the International Space Station. Its question and answer format makes it easy to quickly find answers, but it can become less appealing due to the lack of descriptive language. Deep Time by Riley Black Want to know the story of our planet? Riley Black takes us on a journey, in the order of time, through the geological (地质的) events that have shaped our planet. The fascinating high-quality images are supported by easily digestible explanations of key historical moments. It also expands on key concepts in geology, astronomy and biology. Yet, measuring the size of some objects on the photos is difficult due to the lack of a scale bar (比例尺). 21. Which book is organized in the format of question and answer? A. Deep Time. B. Thing Explainer. C Ask an Astronaut. D. A Short History of Nearly Everything. 22. What's a shortcoming of Thing Explainer? A. It is rather too long. B. It lacks technical terms. C. It is written in plain language. D. It fails to include clear images. 23. What do A Short History of Nearly Everything and Deep Time have in common? A. They feature vivid illustrations. B. They combine science and history. C. They entertain readers of all ages. D. They explain concepts in great detail. B Life after retirement can be isolating for a lot of people, but particularly for older men who were often raised to be providers and built their whole identities around their jobs. Jim Isenberg, now in his late 70s, knows that feeling. He has had a varied career in transportation and youth services in White Plains. When he first became a grandfather, he went online trying to find any kind of organization with grandpas. “There were a lot of things with grandmas,” he says, “but nothing for grandfathers.” In 2018, Isenberg and his friend Frank Williams ultimately founded their own group Grandpas United. Williams, who worked as executive director of the White Plains Youth Bureau, saw a particular need. “So many children are growing up without a male figure or a father,” he says. “And here we have men who are retiring from work and careers. They have skills that can help younger people, especially boys and young men.”. Today, Grandpas United has around 60 volunteers, including retired lawyers, teachers, delivery drivers, and police officers. One of their initiatives is called JumpStart for Dads, which helps new, young fathers adjust to parenthood and learn from the grandpas’ own experiences. The group also visits Church Street Elementary School, where they spend lunch hours with fourth-grade boys, playing games and teaching social skills like shaking hands. The boys find the interactions fun, and the grandpas enjoy their energy and openness. Dr. Linda Fried, dean of Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health, says such programs benefit both the children and the volunteers. She started Experience Corps, where volunteers from their early 60s to their mid-80s put in 15 hours a week at elementary schools for at least a year. The program not only improved children’s academic success, but also the volunteers’ health, with a study showing significant brain growth in male volunteers over two years, particularly in problem-solving and memory regions. Why? Fried says it may be that because older men socialize less than women to begin with, the consistent volunteer work— and seeing they were making a difference — did them the most good. Grandpas United member Marc Sharff knows this firsthand. “One of the things that I love about Grandpas, it’s not only with the kids, it’s the camaraderie (同志情谊) and building new friendships,” he says, referring to his fellow grandpas. “There are people I never knew before. We've developed relationships, and I cherish that.” 24. Why did Jim Isenberg and Frank Williams establish Grandpas United? A. To offer mentorship for young fathers and children. B To organize community events for families with kids. C. To create a space for grandfathers to play games together. D. To provide training for retired men seeking re-employment. 25. Why might older men experience greater cognitive benefit from volunteer work? A. They typically devote more time to volunteering. B. They usually find working with children more rewarding. C. They tend to have fewer social interactions than older women. D. They often possess a wider range of skills valuable to volunteer roles. 26. What can we conclude from the story of Grandpas United? A. Giving is receiving. B. A rising tide lifts all boats. C. Many hands make light work. D. It takes a village to raise a child. C Glass might soon meet a surprising competitor: bamboo. Scientists in China have transformed regular bamboo into a see-through material that keeps out fire and water and reduces smoke, providing an environmentally friendly replacement for traditional glass made from sand. While glass is still widely used in buildings for its clearness, its tendency to break easily, heavy weight and environmental impact have pushed researchers to look for other materials like clear wood — and now bamboo. Clear wood, made by removing a natural substance called lignin (木质素 ) and adding plastic-like materials, has been seen as a good renewable option. It is lighter than glass and better at keeping heat out. However, its tendency to catch fire and the slow growth rate of trees make it hard to produce in large amounts: To solve this, researchers at Central South University of Forestry and Technology focused on bamboo, which grows fully in 4-7 years and produces four times more material per farm area compared to trees. The team applied the methods developed for making wood see-through to bamboo, which has a similar chemical makeup. Specifically, by removing linger, which makes plants look solid, and filling the bamboo fibers with a glass-like liquid called sodium silicate, they changed how light passes through the material, achieving 71.6% clearness. A final water-blocking treatment created three layers: a protective outer coating, a middle layer of silicon dioxide (a common glass ingredient), and a base layer of sodium silicate. The final material showed impressive strength, outshining many common plastics. Importantly, the clear bamboo showed special fire safety features. Unlike wood-based materials, it didn’t catch fire easily, blocked water, and stopped dangerous smoke and gases from spreading — key benefits for building use. When tested as a base for advanced solar cells, it helped control light better, increasing energy production by 15.29%. This double role suggests it could be used in smart buildings that use sunlight for lighting while creating clean energy. While making this material in large amounts still needs work, this discovery supports environmental goals- 27. Why do researchers want to replace glass? A. Because it is heavy, fragile, and bad for our planet. B. Because it causes smoke and damages the ecosystem. C Because it costs too much and cannot reduce fire or smoke. D. Because it is transparent, heavy, and environmentally unfriendly. 28. How did the researchers make bamboo see-through? A. By adding lignin and filling in bamboo fibers. B. By making lignin pass through silicon dioxide. C. By changing sodium silicate into silicon dioxide. D. By taking away lignin and adding sodium silicate. 29. What can be learned about clear baraboo from the text? A. It prevents water and sunlight from spreading. B. It produces energy when used to build windows. C. It has potential for both building and energy fields. D. It is safer, stronger, and clearer than common plastics. 30. What is the text mainly about? A. A method of producing clear wood. B. An alternative to conventional plastic. C. A new material good for the environment. D. An application of clear bamboo in solar cells. D Nietzsche (尼采) was wrong: When you gaze long enough into the abyss (深渊), the abyss does not gaze back into you. Instead, the cosmic void (空洞) remains silent, relentless and frightening in its vastness. When looking at the vast universe, there is a temptation (诱惑) to look at our tiny world with nihilism, feeling that our great achievements amount to nothing, that our history fails to leave a mark, and that our concerns and anxieties are pointless. I’m a cosmologist, the kind of scientist who studies the origin, history and evolution of the universe. I have spent my career researching one special part of the universe called cosmic voids: the vast expanses of nothing that stretch between the galaxies. Most of our universe is void — somewhere around 80 percent of the volume of the cosmos is made of nothing at all. I have spent years working to understand what cosmic voids teach us about the wider universe and its dowry. And in the course of my studies, I have learned to reject that temptation. It’s true that Earth is neither large nor long-lived but that is only one way of measuring significance. Compared with the cosmic voids, there is something special happening on our planet. Earth is still the only known place in the entire universe where conscious beings raise their curious eyes to the sky and wonder. Earth is the only known place where humans can exist. It is the only known place where laughter, love, anger and joy exist. The only known place where we can find dance, music, and art. Our disagreements and all the beautiful complexities that make us human aren’t meaningless. The experiences in our lives are special because they will never happen in the empty expanse of most of the universe. The same lessons that cosmic voids teach us are found in the voids we encounter in our own lives. The presence of voids guarantees the opposite; they create contrast; they are full of potential. The pain we feel from loss is the last reminder of the gift of a life deeply loved. The silence before a performance is full of electric expectation. Our choice to ignore stressful news is necessary to allow us to focus on what truly matters. Artists have long understood the power of the void. The 12th-century poet Saigyo noted that the pauses between raindrops were as important as the drops themselves. The famed architect Rem celebrated the utility of negative spaces, proclaiming, “Where there is nothing, everything is possible.” The universe won’t do anything for us except give us the freedom to exist. It is our job to fill the universe with meaning and purpose. 31. What does the underlined word “nihilism” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Hope. B. Admiration. C. Emptiness. D. Purpose. 32. Why does the author reject the temptation? A. Because he is a cosmologist who believes science. B. Because he thinks Earth is special as it is small and short-lived. C. Because he thinks human experiences differ from those in voids. D. Because he thinks Earth is the only place for human experiences. 33. What's the author’s purpose in writing Paragraph 5? A. To reflect on how voids enrich our lives. B. To show how pain can be created from loss. C. To claim that voids serve as obstacles to human growth. D. To argue emotional voids should be filled for more significance. 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Listening to the Abyss: Nietzsche Revisited B. Questioning the Belief in Human Significance C. Beyond the Stars: The Science of Cosmic Voids D. Finding Meaning in Vast Silence of the Universe 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How many times have you wondered about how much better things might have been if the younger you had made different decisions? Or, have you breathed a sigh of relief when you recognize that one of your lucky choices ended up much better off than you might have been, if things had gone a different way? ____35____ It is the birthplace of emotions such as regret, gratitude, and guilt. Picturing an alternative outcome to what has actually happened in one's life holds an irresistible appeal, even when it leads to unhappiness. It is therefore not surprising that it has become a hot topic of research in social psychology. Counterfactual thinking often plays out in real-time on national television after a natural disaster. ____36____ The victims are usually shaken and highly emotional, and they have often lost everything that they owned. And yet, we commonly hear them use words such as “lucky” or “grateful” to describe their feelings. ____37____ If the person had really been lucky, wouldn’t they still have a house and have been spared from all of the grief they must now endure? Some psychologists have argued that one of the benefits of counterfactual thinking is that it can be an effective tool for making us more resilient (迅速复苏的). The mind of the counterfactual thinker can easily imagine circumstances that would have been even worse. ____38____ Counterfactual thinking is simply part of who we are. ____39____ Many psychologists believe that it exists to helps us crystallize (变明确) the goals that are most important to us and to improve our ability to wisely choose future courses of action. A. At first glance, this response does not make much sense. B. This type of mental “what-ifism” is called counterfactual thinking. C. Even though it, sometimes makes us sad, it can also do us some good D. The imagination of a life has been the inspiration for dozens of movies. E. News reporters frequently interview survivors who have barely escaped with their lives. F. The more important the event is, the more intense our counterfactual thinking about it will be. G. That paves the way for positive emotions that might help them through a very dark time in their lives. 第三部分：书面表达 (共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题; 第40、41题各2分, 第42题3分, 第43题5分, 共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 What makes some people incapable of apologizing even when they’re clearly in the wrong? People who cannot apologize often have deep feelings of low self-worth. When their delicate ego(自我) cannot absorb the blow of admitting they were wrong, their defense mechanisms kick in—they may place blame and even argue about basic facts to prevent the threat of having to lower themselves by offering an apology. Unfortunately, many of us mistakenly interpret these people’s defensiveness as a sign of psychological strength. That’s because outwardly they appear to be tough individuals who refuse to back down. But this doesn’t show that they’re strong—it shows that they’re weak. Admitting that we’re wrong is emotionally uncomfortable and painful to our sense of self. In order to take responsibility and apologize, our self-worth needs to be strong enough to absorb that discomfort. Indeed, if our self-worth is higher and more stable, we can tolerate the temporary discomfort that such an admission involves—without the walls around our ego falling down. But if our self-worth is seemingly high but actually breakable, that discomfort can go through our defensive walls and score a direct hit to our ego. Indeed, the more fixed one’s defense mechanisms are, the more delicate the ego they’re protecting. The mistake we often make when faced with someone who’s habitually incapable of apologizing is to become angry and try to win our argument with them. But the sad reality is that we can never win. In these situations, the best we can do is make our points as calmly and as convincingly as we can and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive—like when they disagree with the facts, come up with silly excuses or turn to mean remarks. 40. Why can’t some people apologize? 41. What do many people mistakenly think of a non-apologizer’s defensiveness? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ►When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible. 43. In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, what else can you do if your friend refuses to apologize to you? (In about 40 words) 第二节 (20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校英语俱乐部将举办“AI助力英语学习”的讲座，作为俱乐部负责人，你打算邀请你校国际部外教 Jim 为你们年级做这个讲座。请你用英文给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 邀请并告知时间地点； 2. 建议讲座的具体内容及其原因。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 北大附中2024-2025学年第二学期期中考试 高二英语 注意事项 1.考试时间: 90分钟。满分: 100分。 2.所有试题答案必须写在答题纸的规定位置，超出范围无效。 3.使用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔答题，不得使用铅笔答题。不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带修改。 4.考试结束后，只提交答题纸，试卷自己留存。 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 From the time he learned to walk, Imran Nuri heard from his parents time and time again, “You must strive to be the best at everything.” And Nuri followed their advice and graduated with honors from Ohio State University, then moved to Chicago, where he ____1____ a prime job as a national marketing director for a company. But with each passing month, Nuri realized that his parents’ advice, while ____2____, wasn’t necessarily suitable for him. By the time he was 24 years old, Nuri faced the kind of life crisis ____3____ found in people twice his age. Focusing on money, ____4____ and power was leaving him unfulfilled. In a bold (大胆的) ____5____, he quit his job and decided to drive to every state in the Lower 48 on a100-day trip to find 1,000 strangers and ask them to share one thing they wish they’d known when they were younger. He had no interest in hitting specific cities, national parks or monuments. His goal was simple: Go where he could find people in settings where they might talk. Over the next few months, Nuri ____6____ people of all ages and races. Some kept walking. Others said they had no time or weren’t interested. But many were happy to ____7____. The weeks had turned into months, and now he was traveling with the ____8____ of the 1,300 people he’d talked to on his 15,000-mile trip. What they taught him was that life isn’t to be talked about, but to be ____9____ in all its messy beauty. Today, Nuri is back in Chicago, employed as a senior marketing director for a new company. He’s not the man he once was. He seeks answers to questions, which leads to more questions and more answers, a ____10____ that provides not certainty, but meaning. 1. A. investigated B. landed C. rejected D. completed 2. A. well-known B. well-received C. well-prepared D. well-intentioned 3. A. typically B. eventually C. definitely D. recently 4. A. promises B. occupations C. titles D. breakthroughs 5. A. move B. innovation C. imagination D. prediction 6. A. approached B. signaled C. studied D. motivated 7. A. show up B. stand out C. cheer up D. open up 8. A. expectations B. connections C. affections D. spirits 9. A. regretted B. defined C. lived D. assessed 10. A. moment B. cycle C. system D. goal 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. D 9. C 10. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了从小品学兼优的Imran Nuri遇到生活危机，于是辞职决定在为期100天的旅行中，开车到美国本土48个州的每一个州，寻找1000个陌生人，让他们分享一件他们年轻时希望知道的事情。最后他明白了生活的真谛，开始了新的生活。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nuri听从了他们建议，以优异的成绩从俄亥俄州立大学毕业，然后搬到了芝加哥，在那里他获得了一份作为一家公司全国营销总监的重要工作。A. investigated调查；B. landed着陆，获得；C. rejected拒绝；D. completed完成。根据下文“a prime job”可知，Nuri获得一份好工作。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但随着时间的流逝，Nuri意识到父母的建议虽然是善意的，但并不一定适合他。A. well-known著名的；B. well-received受到欢迎的；C. well-prepared准备好的；D. well-intentioned好意的。根据上文“to be the best at everything”以及“Nuri realized that his parents’ advice”可知，父母“每件事做到最好”的建议是出于对Nuri的好意。故选D。 【3题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在他24岁的时候，Nuri面临着一种年龄是他两倍的人通常会遇到的生活危机。A. typically通常，典型地；B. eventually最后；C. definitely肯定；D. recently最近。根据下文“found in people twice his age”可知，他遇到的生活危机，通常发生在年龄比他大两倍的人身上。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：专注于金钱、头衔和权力让他感到没有成就感。A. promises承诺；B. occupations职业；C. titles头衔；D. breakthroughs突破。根据上文“as a national marketing director for a company”可知，专注于头衔让他感到没有成就感。故选C。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他做出了一个大胆的举动，辞去了工作，决定在为期100天的旅行中，开车到美国本土48个州的每一个州，寻找1000名陌生人，让他们分享一件他们年轻时希望知道的事情。A. move行动；B. innovation创新；C. imagination想象力；D. prediction预测。根据下文“he quit his job and decided to drive to every state in the Lower 48 on a 100-day trip”可知，他做出了辞职的大胆举动。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几个月里，Nuri接触了各种年龄和种族的人。A. approached接触，靠近；B. signaled动作示意；C. studied学习；D. motivated激励。根据上文“His goal was simple: Go where he could find people in settings where they might talk.”可知，Nuri接触了各种年龄和种族的人。故选A。 【7题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：但许多人乐于敞开心扉。A. show up出现；B. stand out突出；C. reach out伸出手；D. open up敞开心扉，打开。根据上文“Some kept walking. Others said they had no time or weren't interested.”以及“one thing they wish they’d known when they were younger”可知，他和人交谈，虽然有些人继续往前走，其他人则说他们没有时间或不感兴趣，but表示转折，说明许多人乐于敞开心扉。故选D。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个星期变成了几个月，现在他带着在这次15000英里的旅行中与他交谈过的1300个人的精神继续前行。A. expectations期待；B. connections连接；C. affections喜爱；D. spirits精神。根据下文“of the 1,300 people he’d talked”和“What they taught him was that life isn't to be talked about, but to be ____9____ in all its messy beauty.”可知，他带着在这次15000英里的旅行中与他交谈过的1300个人的精神继续前行。故选D。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们教给他的是，生活不是用来谈论的，而是要以其凌乱的美好去体验。A. regretted后悔；B. defined下定义；C. lived居住；D. assessed评估。根据上文“life isn’t to be talked about, but to be”可知，要以生活凌乱的美好去体验。故选C。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他寻求问题的答案，这又引出了更多的问题和更多的答案，这是一个循环，它提供的不是确定性，而是意义。A. moment时刻；B. cycle自行车，循环；C. system系统；D. goal目标。根据上文“He seeks answers to questions, which leads to more questions and more answers”可知，他寻求问题的答案，这导致了更多的问题和更多的答案，即形成了一个循环。故选B。 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 A group of high-tech robots performing traditional Chinese folk dances became the highlight of this year’s Spring Festival Gala. The humanoid machines, ____11____ (equip) with advanced sensors and AI systems, partnered with human artists to present a lively “Er Ren Zhuan” performance, a Northeast Chinese folk dance known for its humor and rhythm. Programmed to mimic human movements with precision, the robots rocked their bodies and even cracked jokes with their human counterparts, ____12____ (create) a perfect blend of tradition and innovation. The performance ended with a group bow, leaving viewers both entertained and inspired. Rarely do people know that the engineers ____13____ (prepare) the show for more than 3 months before the gala. In conclusion, tradition evolves, bridging generations through creativity. 【答案】11. equipped 12. creating 13. had prepared 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。今年春晚，配备先进技术的人形机器人与人类共演“二人转”，展现传统与创新融合，工程师为此筹备超三月。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些人形机器人配备了先进的传感器和人工智能系统，与人类艺术家合作呈现了一场生动的“二人转” 表演，这是一种以幽默和节奏著称的中国东北民间舞蹈。此空考查非谓语，The humanoid machines与equip之间是被动关系，即机器人被配备先进的传感器和人工智能系统，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填equipped。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些机器人经过编程可以精确模仿人类动作，它们摇摆着身体，甚至和人类搭档开玩笑，创造出传统与创新的完美融合。此空考查非谓语，the robots rocked their bodies and even cracked jokes with their human counterparts这一动作与create a perfect blend of tradition and innovation之间是主动关系，作伴随状语。故填creating。 【13题详解】 考查时态。句意：很少有人知道，工程师们在春晚之前已经为这个节目准备了三个多月。这里考查谓语动词，the engineers与prepare为主动关系，再根据before the gala可知，“准备节目”这一动作发生在“春晚”之前，而“春晚”是已发生的情况，所以“准备节目”是过去的过去，应用过去完成时，结构为“had + 过去分词”。故填had prepared。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 O. Henry, ____14____ real name was William Sydney Porter, was a celebrated American short-story writer known for his clever plots and unexpected twists. Born in 1862, he lived a life as dramatic as his tales, working various jobs before becoming a full-time writer. ____15____ made his stories unforgettable was their heartwarming humor and ironic endings, which often revealed deeper truths about human nature. Having spent years in prison for embezzlement(贪污罪), O. Henry turned his experiences into vivid storytelling, blending wit with emotional ____16____ (deep). That his stories remain widely read today shows how timeless themes like kindness and resilience connect readers across generations. O. Henry’s legacy lies in his ability ____17____ (turn) simple moments into unforgettable lessons, leaving audiences both moved and astonished. 【答案】14. whose 15. What 16. depth 17. to turn 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。欧・亨利本名威廉・西德尼・波特，其短篇小说以巧妙情节和意外结局闻名，经历丰富，作品主题永恒、影响深远。 【14题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：欧・亨利，他的真名是威廉・西德尼・波特，是一位著名的美国短篇小说家，以其巧妙的情节和出人意料的结局而闻名。此空考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为O.Henry，在后面的定语从句“_____ real name was William Sydney Porter”中，real name与O.Henry是所属关系，即“他的真名”，所以用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 【15题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：让他的故事令人难忘的是其暖心的幽默和具有讽刺意味的结局，这些常常揭示出关于人性的深刻真理。“_____ made his stories unforgettable”是主语从句，在这个从句中，缺少主语，表示“……的东西/事情”，所以用连接代词what引导，且句首时首字母应大写。故填What。 16题详解】 考查名词。句意：欧・亨利因贪污在监狱中度过了数年，他将自己的经历融入生动的故事讲述中，将机智与情感深度相结合。emotional是形容词，修饰名词，deep的名词形式为depth，意为“深度”，为不可数名词。故填depth。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：欧・亨利的遗产在于他有能力将简单的瞬间变成难忘的教训，让读者既感动又惊讶。ability后常接动词不定式作后置定语，the ability to do sth.，表示“做某事的能力”，所以这里用to turn。故填to turn。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 The biological clock, an internal system that regulates our sleep-wake cycle, plays a vital role in maintaining physical and mental health. Known as circadian rhythms, these 24-hour cycles____18____ (control) by a part of the brain which responds to light and darkness. However, disrupting these rhythms can lead to fatigue, weakened immunity, and even mood disorders. When exposed to artificial light at night, especially from screens, our bodies produce less melatonin, a hormone that promotes sleep. This explains why staying up late ____19____ (leave) us feeling exhausted. To optimize health, experts suggest establishing consistent routines, such as waking up at the same time daily and avoiding bright lights before bed. By respecting our biological clock, we can live in harmony ____20____ nature’s rhythm. 【答案】18. are controlled 19. leaves 20. with 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。生物钟调节睡眠周期，对身心健康至关重要，打乱节律有害，遵循它可与自然节奏和谐相处。 【18题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这些被称为昼夜节律的24小时周期是由大脑中对光线和黑暗做出反应的一部分控制的。此空考查谓语动词。句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，these 24-hour cycles与control之间是被动关系，即周期被控制，所以用被动语态，且主语these 24-hour cycles是复数。故填are controlled。 【19题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这就解释了为什么熬夜会让我们感到疲惫。此空考查谓语动词，主语staying up late与leave为主动关系，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；staying up late是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。故填leaves。 【20题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：通过尊重我们的生物钟，我们可以与自然的节奏和谐相处。这里考查in harmony with，是固定搭配，意为“与……和谐相处”。故填with。 第二部分：阅读理解 (共两节，38分) 第一节 (共14小题；每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A The best science books inspire a sense of wonder and make you amazed at the incredible world we live in. Here are four of them to feed your imagination. A Short History of Nearly Everything by Bill Bryson How did it all begin? And how did we get here? Combining history and science, the book offers a comprehensive yet entertaining answer to these questions. Bill Bryson takes the reader on an impressive journey through the greatest scientific discoveries in history. It explains scientific topics in a vivid way, but it's quite a long read. Thing Explainer by Randall Munroe How do helicopters work? Or cells? Randall Munroe explains how things work using illustrations and only the most common 1,000 words in English. It will shift your approach to explanation. So, next time explain how something works rather than merely call it by its name. However, additionally providing more technical terms might have enhanced the understanding and learning experience. Ask an Astronaut by Tim Peake What does it feel like to fly into space? How do you prepare for it? Astronaut Tim Peake answers all the questions you never knew about going into space. The book gives insights into the cutting-edge science, as well as the day-to-day life on board of the International Space Station. Its question and answer format makes it easy to quickly find answers, but it can become less appealing due to the lack of descriptive language. Deep Time by Riley Black Want to know the story of our planet? Riley Black takes us on a journey, in the order of time, through the geological (地质的) events that have shaped our planet. The fascinating high-quality images are supported by easily digestible explanations of key historical moments. It also expands on key concepts in geology, astronomy and biology. Yet, measuring the size of some objects on the photos is difficult due to the lack of a scale bar (比例尺). 21 Which book is organized in the format of question and answer? A. Deep Time. B. Thing Explainer. C. Ask an Astronaut. D. A Short History of Nearly Everything. 22. What's a shortcoming of Thing Explainer? A. It is rather too long. B. It lacks technical terms. C. It is written in plain language. D. It fails to include clear images. 23. What do A Short History of Nearly Everything and Deep Time have in common? A. They feature vivid illustrations. B. They combine science and history. C. They entertain readers of all ages. D. They explain concepts in great detail. 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇应用文。介绍了四本与科学相关的书籍。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三个小标题“Ask an Astronaut by Tim Peake (Tim Peake所著的《我问宇航员》)”下设段落的最后一句“Its question and answer format makes it easy to quickly find answers, but it can become less appealing due to the lack of descriptive language. (它的问答格式使快速找到答案变得容易，但由于缺乏描述性语言，它可能会变得不那么吸引人。)”可知，《我问宇航员》以问答形式展开。故选C项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二个小标题“Thing Explainer by Randall Munroe (Randall Munroe所著的《事物解释者》)”下设段落的最后一句“However, additionally providing more technical terms might have enhanced the understanding and learning experience.(然而，额外提供更多技术术语可能会增强理解和学习体验。)”可知，《事物解释者》这本书没有提供足够多的技术术语，故其缺陷是缺少技术术语。故选B项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一个小标题“Short History of Nearly Everything by Bill Bryson (Bill Bryson所著的《几乎所有事物的简史》)”下设段落的第三句“Combining history and science, the book offers a comprehensive yet entertaining answer to these questions. (这本书结合了历史和科学，为这些问题提供了一个全面而有趣的答案。)”以及第四个小标题“Deep Time by Riley Black (Riley Black所著的《深度时间》)”下设段落的第三、四句“The fascinating high-quality images are supported by easily digestible explanations of key historical moments. It also expands on key concepts in geology, astronomy and biology. (关键历史时刻易于理解的解释支撑着这些引人入胜的高质量图像。它还扩展了地质学、天文学和生物学中的关键概念。)”可知，这两本书都结合了科学和历史。故选B项。 B Life after retirement can be isolating for a lot of people, but particularly for older men who were often raised to be providers and built their whole identities around their jobs. Jim Isenberg, now in his late 70s, knows that feeling. He has had a varied career in transportation and youth services in White Plains. When he first became a grandfather, he went online trying to find any kind of organization with grandpas. “There were a lot of things with grandmas,” he says, “but nothing for grandfathers.” In 2018, Isenberg and his friend Frank Williams ultimately founded their own group Grandpas United. Williams, who worked as executive director of the White Plains Youth Bureau, saw a particular need. “So many children are growing up without a male figure or a father,” he says. “And here we have men who are retiring from work and careers. They have skills that can help younger people, especially boys and young men.”. Today, Grandpas United has around 60 volunteers, including retired lawyers, teachers, delivery drivers, and police officers. One of their initiatives is called JumpStart for Dads, which helps new, young fathers adjust to parenthood and learn from the grandpas’ own experiences. The group also visits Church Street Elementary School, where they spend lunch hours with fourth-grade boys, playing games and teaching social skills like shaking hands. The boys find the interactions fun, and the grandpas enjoy their energy and openness. Dr. Linda Fried, dean of Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health, says such programs benefit both the children and the volunteers. She started Experience Corps, where volunteers from their early 60s to their mid-80s put in 15 hours a week at elementary schools for at least a year. The program not only improved children’s academic success, but also the volunteers’ health, with a study showing significant brain growth in male volunteers over two years, particularly in problem-solving and memory regions. Why? Fried says it may be that because older men socialize less than women to begin with, the consistent volunteer work— and seeing they were making a difference — did them the most good. Grandpas United member Marc Sharff knows this firsthand. “One of the things that I love about Grandpas, it’s not only with the kids, it’s the camaraderie (同志情谊) and building new friendships,” he says, referring to his fellow grandpas. “There are people I never knew before. We've developed relationships, and I cherish that.” 24. Why did Jim Isenberg and Frank Williams establish Grandpas United? A. To offer mentorship for young fathers and children. B. To organize community events for families with kids. C. To create a space for grandfathers to play games together. D. To provide training for retired men seeking re-employment. 25. Why might older men experience greater cognitive benefit from volunteer work? A. They typically devote more time to volunteering. B. They usually find working with children more rewarding. C. They tend to have fewer social interactions than older women. D. They often possess a wider range of skills valuable to volunteer roles. 26. What can we conclude from the story of Grandpas United? A. Giving is receiving. B. A rising tide lifts all boats. C. Many hands make light work. D. It takes a village to raise a child. 【答案】24. A 25. C 26. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。退休后男性易孤独，Jim Isenberg和 Frank Williams创立“爷爷联盟”，该组织惠及孩子与志愿者，实现双向受益 。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“‘So many children are growing up without a male figure or a father,’ he says. ‘And here we have men who are retiring from work and careers. They have skills that can help younger people, especially boys and young men.’(‘很多孩子在成长过程中没有男性形象或父亲的陪伴，’他说。‘而我们这里有一些从工作和职业生涯中退休的男性。他们拥有可以帮助年轻人，尤其是男孩和年轻男性的技能。’)”以及第四段“One of their initiatives is called JumpStart for Dads, which helps new, young fathers adjust to parenthood and learn from the grandpas’ own experiences. The group also visits Church Street Elementary School, where they spend lunch hours with fourth-grade boys, playing games and teaching social skills like shaking hands.(他们的一项倡议叫做‘爸爸的启动计划’，帮助年轻的新爸爸适应为人父母的角色，并从爷爷们自己的经验中学习。这个团体还会访问教堂街小学，在那里他们和四年级的男孩们一起吃午饭，玩游戏，并教授像握手这样的社交技能。)”可知，Jim Isenberg和Frank Williams建立“爷爷联盟”是为了给年轻父亲和孩子们提供指导和帮助。故选A 。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Fried says it may be that because older men socialize less than women to begin with, the consistent volunteer work — and seeing they were making a difference — did them the most good.(弗里德说，这可能是因为一开始老年男性的社交活动就比女性少，持续的志愿工作 —— 以及看到他们正在产生影响 —— 对他们最有好处。)”可知，老年男性从志愿工作中获得更大的认知益处可能是因为他们的社交互动比老年女性少。故选C。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段可知“爷爷联盟”的志愿者帮助年轻父亲和孩子们，根据第五段“Dr. Linda Fried, dean of Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health, says such programs benefit both the children and the volunteers.(哥伦比亚大学梅尔曼公共卫生学院院长琳达・弗里德博士说，这样的项目对孩子和志愿者都有好处。)”以及最后一段“‘One of the things that I love about Grandpas, it’s not only with the kids, it’s the camaraderie (同志情谊) and building new friendships,’ he says, referring to his fellow grandpas. ‘There are people I never knew before. We've developed relationships, and I cherish that.’(‘我喜欢‘爷爷联盟’的一点是，这不仅是和孩子们在一起，还有同志情谊和建立新的友谊，’他在谈到他的爷爷同伴们时说。‘这里有一些我以前从未认识的人。我们建立了关系，我很珍惜这一点。’)”可知，“爷爷联盟”的成员在帮助他人的同时自己也获得了友谊等回报，体现了“给予就是获得”。故选A。 C Glass might soon meet a surprising competitor: bamboo. Scientists in China have transformed regular bamboo into a see-through material that keeps out fire and water and reduces smoke, providing an environmentally friendly replacement for traditional glass made from sand. While glass is still widely used in buildings for its clearness, its tendency to break easily, heavy weight and environmental impact have pushed researchers to look for other materials like clear wood — and now bamboo. Clear wood, made by removing a natural substance called lignin (木质素 ) and adding plastic-like materials, has been seen as a good renewable option. It is lighter than glass and better at keeping heat out. However, its tendency to catch fire and the slow growth rate of trees make it hard to produce in large amounts: To solve this, researchers at Central South University of Forestry and Technology focused on bamboo, which grows fully in 4-7 years and produces four times more material per farm area compared to trees. The team applied the methods developed for making wood see-through to bamboo, which has a similar chemical makeup. Specifically, by removing linger, which makes plants look solid, and filling the bamboo fibers with a glass-like liquid called sodium silicate, they changed how light passes through the material, achieving 71.6% clearness. A final water-blocking treatment created three layers: a protective outer coating, a middle layer of silicon dioxide (a common glass ingredient), and a base layer of sodium silicate. The final material showed impressive strength, outshining many common plastics. Importantly, the clear bamboo showed special fire safety features. Unlike wood-based materials, it didn’t catch fire easily, blocked water, and stopped dangerous smoke and gases from spreading — key benefits for building use. When tested as a base for advanced solar cells, it helped control light better, increasing energy production by 15.29%. This double role suggests it could be used in smart buildings that use sunlight for lighting while creating clean energy. While making this material in large amounts still needs work, this discovery supports environmental goals- 27. Why do researchers want to replace glass? A. Because it is heavy, fragile, and bad for our planet. B. Because it causes smoke and damages the ecosystem. C. Because it costs too much and cannot reduce fire or smoke. D. Because it is transparent, heavy, and environmentally unfriendly. 28. How did the researchers make bamboo see-through? A. By adding lignin and filling in bamboo fibers. B. By making lignin pass through silicon dioxide. C. By changing sodium silicate into silicon dioxide. D. By taking away lignin and adding sodium silicate. 29. What can be learned about clear baraboo from the text? A. It prevents water and sunlight from spreading. B. It produces energy when used to build windows. C. It has potential for both building and energy fields. D. It is safer, stronger, and clearer than common plastics. 30. What is the text mainly about? A. A method of producing clear wood. B. An alternative to conventional plastic. C. A new material good for the environment. D An application of clear bamboo in solar cells. 【答案】27. A 28. D 29. C 30. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国科学家将竹子变成可替代玻璃的环保材料。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“While glass is still widely used in buildings for its clearness, its tendency to break easily, heavy weight and environmental impact have pushed researchers to look for other materials like clear wood — and now bamboo. (虽然玻璃因其透明度仍广泛用于建筑中，但其易碎的倾向、重量大以及对环境的影响促使研究人员寻找其他材料，如透明木材 —— 现在还有竹子。)”可知，研究人员想替代玻璃是因为它重、易碎且对地球有害。故选A。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Specifically, by removing lignin, which makes plants look solid, and filling the bamboo fibers with a glass-like liquid called sodium silicate, they changed how light passes through the material, achieving 71.6% clearness. (具体来说，通过去除使植物看起来是实心的木质素，并用一种叫做硅酸钠的玻璃状液体填充竹子纤维，他们改变了光穿过材料的方式，实现了71.6%的透明度。)”可知，研究人员通过去除木质素并添加硅酸钠使竹子透明。故选D。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Importantly, the clear bamboo showed special fire safety features. Unlike wood-based materials, it didn’t catch fire easily, blocked water, and stopped dangerous smoke and gases from spreading— key benefits for building use. When tested as a base for advanced solar cells, it helped control light better, increasing energy production by 15.29%. This double role suggests it could be used in smart buildings that use sunlight for lighting while creating clean energy. (重要的是，透明竹子显示出特殊的防火安全特性。与木质材料不同，它不易着火，能阻挡水，并阻止危险烟雾和气体的扩散 —— 这是建筑使用的关键优势。当作为先进太阳能电池的基底进行测试时，它能更好地控制光线，将能源产量提高15.29%。这种双重作用表明它可以用于利用阳光照明同时产生清洁能源的智能建筑中。)”可知，透明竹子在建筑和能源领域都有潜力。故选C。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Glass might soon meet a surprising competitor: bamboo. Scientists in China have transformed regular bamboo into a see-through material that keeps out fire and water and reduces smoke, providing an environmentally friendly replacement for traditional glass made from sand. (玻璃可能很快会遇到一个令人惊讶的竞争对手：竹子。中国的科学家们已经将普通竹子转化为一种透明材料，这种材料可以防火、防水并减少烟雾，为传统的由沙子制成的玻璃提供了一种环保的替代品。)”可知，本文主要介绍了一种对环境有益的新材料——透明竹子。故选C。 D Nietzsche (尼采) was wrong: When you gaze long enough into the abyss (深渊), the abyss does not gaze back into you. Instead, the cosmic void (空洞) remains silent, relentless and frightening in its vastness. When looking at the vast universe, there is a temptation (诱惑) to look at our tiny world with nihilism, feeling that our great achievements amount to nothing, that our history fails to leave a mark, and that our concerns and anxieties are pointless. I’m a cosmologist, the kind of scientist who studies the origin, history and evolution of the universe. I have spent my career researching one special part of the universe called cosmic voids: the vast expanses of nothing that stretch between the galaxies. Most of our universe is void — somewhere around 80 percent of the volume of the cosmos is made of nothing at all. I have spent years working to understand what cosmic voids teach us about the wider universe and its dowry. And in the course of my studies, I have learned to reject that temptation. It’s true that Earth is neither large nor long-lived, but that is only one way of measuring significance. Compared with the cosmic voids, there is something special happening on our planet. Earth is still the only known place in the entire universe where conscious beings raise their curious eyes to the sky and wonder. Earth is the only known place where humans can exist. It is the only known place where laughter, love, anger and joy exist. The only known place where we can find dance, music, and art. Our disagreements and all the beautiful complexities that make us human aren’t meaningless. The experiences in our lives are special because they will never happen in the empty expanse of most of the universe. The same lessons that cosmic voids teach us are found in the voids we encounter in our own lives. The presence of voids guarantees the opposite; they create contrast; they are full of potential. The pain we feel from loss is the last reminder of the gift of a life deeply loved. The silence before a performance is full of electric expectation. Our choice to ignore stressful news is necessary to allow us to focus on what truly matters. Artists have long understood the power of the void. The 12th-century poet Saigyo noted that the pauses between raindrops were as important as the drops themselves. The famed architect Rem celebrated the utility of negative spaces, proclaiming, “Where there is nothing, everything is possible.” The universe won’t do anything for us except give us the freedom to exist. It is our job to fill the universe with meaning and purpose. 31. What does the underlined word “nihilism” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Hope. B. Admiration. C. Emptiness. D. Purpose. 32. Why does the author reject the temptation? A. Because he is a cosmologist who believes science. B. Because he thinks Earth is special as it is small and short-lived. C. Because he thinks human experiences differ from those in voids. D. Because he thinks Earth is the only place for human experiences. 33. What's the author’s purpose in writing Paragraph 5? A. To reflect on how voids enrich our lives. B. To show how pain can be created from loss. C. To claim that voids serve as obstacles to human growth. D. To argue emotional voids should be filled for more significance. 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Listening to the Abyss: Nietzsche Revisited B. Questioning the Belief in Human Significance C. Beyond the Stars: The Science of Cosmic Voids D. Finding Meaning in Vast Silence of the Universe 【答案】31. C 32. D 33. A 34. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者从研究宇宙空洞出发，指出地球独特，人类经历有意义，应在宇宙寂静中赋予其意义与目的。 【31题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“When looking at the vast universe, there is a temptation (诱惑) to look at our tiny world with nihilism, feeling that our great achievements amount to nothing, that our history fails to leave a mark, and that our concerns and anxieties are pointless.(当我们凝视浩瀚的宇宙时，有一种以nihilism看待我们这个微小世界的诱惑，觉得我们的伟大成就毫无意义，我们的历史未能留下痕迹，我们的担忧和焦虑都是毫无意义的。)”可知，划线词nihilism表达的是一种认为一切都无意义、空虚的态度，与下文“feeling that our great achievements amount to nothing”对应。故选C。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Earth is still the only known place in the entire universe where conscious beings raise their curious eyes to the sky and wonder. Earth is the only known place where humans can exist. It is the only known place where laughter, love, anger and joy exist. The only known place where we can find dance, music, and art. Our disagreements and all the beautiful complexities that make us human aren't meaningless. The experiences in our lives are special because they will never happen in the empty expanse of most of the universe.(地球仍然是整个宇宙中已知的唯一一个有意识的生物会带着好奇的目光仰望天空并感到好奇的地方。地球是已知的唯一一个人类可以生存的地方。它是已知的唯一一个有欢笑、爱、愤怒和喜悦存在的地方。是已知的唯一一个我们能找到舞蹈、音乐和艺术的地方。我们的分歧以及所有使我们成为人类的美好复杂性并非毫无意义。我们生活中的经历是特别的，因为它们永远不会发生在宇宙中大部分的空旷区域。)”可知，作者拒绝那种诱惑是因为他认为地球是唯一能产生人类经历的地方，这些经历是特别且有意义的。故选D。 33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“The same lessons that cosmic voids teach us are found in the voids we encounter in our own lives. The presence of voids guarantees the opposite; they create contrast; they are full of potential. The pain we feel from loss is the last reminder of the gift of a life deeply loved. The silence before a performance is full of electric expectation. Our choice to ignore stressful news is necessary to allow us to focus on what truly matters.(宇宙空洞教给我们的同样的道理也存在于我们在自己生活中遇到的空洞里。空洞的存在保证了相反的情况；它们创造了对比；它们充满了潜力。我们因失去而感受到的痛苦是对深深热爱的生命这份礼物的最后提醒。表演前的沉默充满了强烈的期待。我们选择忽略有压力的新闻对于让我们专注于真正重要的事情是必要的。)”可知，作者写第五段的目的是反思空洞是如何丰富我们的生活的，它们创造了对比，带来了潜力。故选A。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开头提到尼采的观点，引出宇宙空洞的话题，接着作者作为宇宙学家阐述了自己对宇宙空洞的研究以及对人类存在意义的思考，认为地球是特别的，人类的经历在宇宙的空洞中是独特且有意义的，还提到生活中的空洞也有其价值，最后强调宇宙给了我们存在的自由，我们要为宇宙赋予意义和目的。所以D选项Finding Meaning in Vast Silence of the Universe(在宇宙的浩瀚寂静中寻找意义)符合文章主旨。故选D。 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How many times have you wondered about how much better things might have been if the younger you had made different decisions? Or, have you breathed a sigh of relief when you recognize that one of your lucky choices ended up much better off than you might have been, if things had gone a different way? ____35____ It is the birthplace of emotions such as regret, gratitude, and guilt. Picturing an alternative outcome to what has actually happened in one's life holds an irresistible appeal, even when it leads to unhappiness. It is therefore not surprising that it has become a hot topic of research in social psychology. Counterfactual thinking often plays out in real-time on national television after a natural disaster. ____36____ The victims are usually shaken and highly emotional, and they have often lost everything that they owned. And yet, we commonly hear them use words such as “lucky” or “grateful” to describe their feelings. ____37____ If the person had really been lucky, wouldn’t they still have a house and have been spared from all of the grief they must now endure? Some psychologists have argued that one of the benefits of counterfactual thinking is that it can be an effective tool for making us more resilient (迅速复苏的). The mind of the counterfactual thinker can easily imagine circumstances that would have been even worse. ____38____ Counterfactual thinking is simply part of who we are. ____39____ Many psychologists believe that it exists to helps us crystallize (变明确) the goals that are most important to us and to improve our ability to wisely choose future courses of action. A. At first glance, this response does not make much sense. B. This type of mental “what-ifism” is called counterfactual thinking. C. Even though it, sometimes makes us sad, it can also do us some good D. The imagination of a life has been the inspiration for dozens of movies. E. News reporters frequently interview survivors who have barely escaped with their lives. F. The more important the event is, the more intense our counterfactual thinking about it will be. G. That paves the way for positive emotions that might help them through a very dark time in their lives. 【答案】35. B 36. E 37. A 38. G 39. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。反事实思维是对假设情况的思考，在生活中常见，虽有时让人难过，但也有益处，能助人明确目标 。 【35题详解】 上文“How many times have you wondered about how much better things might have been if the younger you had made different decisions? Or, have you breathed a sigh of relief when you recognize that one of your lucky choices ended up much better off than you might have been, if things had gone a different way?(有多少次你想过，如果年轻时的你做出了不同的决定，事情可能会好得多？或者，当你意识到你的一个幸运选择最终比事情朝着不同方向发展时要好得多，你是否松了一口气？)”提出了两种关于假设不同选择结果的思考。B选项This type of mental “what-ifism” is called counterfactual thinking.(这种心理上的“假设主义”被称为反事实思维。)对上文提到的这种思考进行了定义，This type of mental “what-ifism”指代上文的两种假设思考，起到了承上的作用，引出下文对反事实思维的进一步阐述。故选B。 【36题详解】 上文“Counterfactual thinking often plays out in real-time on national television after a natural disaster.(反事实思维常常在自然灾害发生后在国家电视台上实时展现出来。)”提到反事实思维在自然灾害后的电视上展现，下文“The victims are usually shaken and highly emotional, and they have often lost everything that they owned.(受害者通常会受到震动且情绪激动，他们往往失去了所拥有的一切。)”描述了受害者的情况。E选项News reporters frequently interview survivors who have barely escaped with their lives.(新闻记者经常采访那些侥幸逃生的幸存者。)说明了在自然灾害后，新闻记者对幸存者的采访，正是反事实思维在电视上展现的一种方式，interview survivors与下文victims相呼应，起到了承上启下的作用。故选E。 【37题详解】 上文“And yet, we commonly hear them use words such as ‘lucky’ or ‘grateful’ to describe their feelings.(然而，我们经常听到他们用‘幸运’或‘感激’这样的词来描述他们的感受。)”说受害者用“幸运”或者“感激”描述感受，下文“If the person had really been lucky, wouldn’t they still have a house and have been spared from all of the grief they must now endure?(如果这个人真的幸运，他们难道不应该仍然拥有一所房子，并且免受他们现在必须忍受的所有痛苦吗？)”对这种“幸运”的说法提出质疑。A选项At first glance, this response does not make much sense.(乍一看，这种反应没有多大意义。)中的this response指代上文受害者用“幸运”或者“感激”描述感受这种反应，does not make much sense引出下文对这种反应的质疑，起到了承上启下的作用。故选A。 【38题详解】 上文“Some psychologists have argued that one of the benefits of counterfactual thinking is that it can be an effective tool for making us more resilient (迅速复苏的). The mind of the counterfactual thinker can easily imagine circumstances that would have been even worse.(一些心理学家认为，反事实思维的好处之一是它可以成为使我们更具复原力的有效工具。反事实思考者的头脑可以很容易地想象出更糟糕的情况。)”提到反事实思维的好处以及能想象更糟的情况。G选项That paves the way for positive emotions that might help them through a very dark time in their lives.(这为积极的情绪铺平了道路，这些积极情绪可能会帮助他们度过生活中非常黑暗的时期。)中的That指代上文imagine circumstances that would have been even worse，进一步说明了反事实思维能带来积极情绪帮助度过黑暗时期，承接上文阐述反事实思维的好处。故选G。 【39题详解】 上文“Counterfactual thinking is simply part of who we are.(反事实思维只是我们自身的一部分。)”强调反事实思维是我们的一部分，下文“Many psychologists believe that it exists to helps us crystallize (变明确) the goals that are most important to us and to improve our ability to wisely choose future courses of action.(许多心理学家认为，它的存在是为了帮助我们明确对我们最重要的目标，并提高我们明智地选择未来行动方案的能力。)”说明反事实思维的积极作用。C选项Even though it, sometimes makes us sad, it can also do us some good.(即使它有时会让我们难过，但它也能对我们有一些好处。)中的Even though it, sometimes makes us sad对应上文反事实思维是我们的一部分（可能带来消极影响），it can also do us some good引出下文反事实思维的积极作用，起到了承上启下的作用。故选C。 第三部分：书面表达 (共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题; 第40、41题各2分, 第42题3分, 第43题5分, 共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 What makes some people incapable of apologizing even when they’re clearly in the wrong? People who cannot apologize often have deep feelings of low self-worth. When their delicate ego(自我) cannot absorb the blow of admitting they were wrong, their defense mechanisms kick in—they may place blame and even argue about basic facts to prevent the threat of having to lower themselves by offering an apology. Unfortunately, many of us mistakenly interpret these people’s defensiveness as a sign of psychological strength. That’s because outwardly they appear to be tough individuals who refuse to back down. But this doesn’t show that they’re strong—it shows that they’re weak. Admitting that we’re wrong is emotionally uncomfortable and painful to our sense of self. In order to take responsibility and apologize, our self-worth needs to be strong enough to absorb that discomfort. Indeed, if our self-worth is higher and more stable, we can tolerate the temporary discomfort that such an admission involves—without the walls around our ego falling down. But if our self-worth is seemingly high but actually breakable, that discomfort can go through our defensive walls and score a direct hit to our ego. Indeed, the more fixed one’s defense mechanisms are, the more delicate the ego they’re protecting. The mistake we often make when faced with someone who’s habitually incapable of apologizing is to become angry and try to win our argument with them. But the sad reality is that we can never win. In these situations, the best we can do is make our points as calmly and as convincingly as we can and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive—like when they disagree with the facts, come up with silly excuses or turn to mean remarks. 40. Why can’t some people apologize? 41. What do many people mistakenly think of a non-apologizer’s defensiveness? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ►When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible. 43. In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, what else can you do if your friend refuses to apologize to you? (In about 40 words) 【答案】40. Because they often have deep feelings of low self-worth, 41. They think of it as a sign of psychological strength. 42. When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible. When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive. 43. 言之有理即可。 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些人即使明知是错的也无法道歉的原因。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“People who cannot apologize often have deep feelings of low self-worth.(那些不会道歉的人往往有自我价值感较低的深层感受。)”可知，有些人不能道歉是因为他们经常有很深的自卑。故答案为Because they often have deep feelings of low self-worth, 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Unfortunately, many of us mistakenly interpret these people’s defensiveness as a sign of psychological strength.(不幸的是，我们中的许多人错误地将这些人的防御性理解为心理力量的标志。)”可知，许多人错误地认为一个不道歉的人是防御性的，他们认为这是一种心理力量。故答案为They think of it as a sign of psychological strength. 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“In these situations, the best we can do is make our points as calmly and as convincingly as we can and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive—like when they disagree with the facts, come up with silly excuses or turn to mean remarks.(在这种情况下，我们所能做的就是尽可能冷静地、令人信服地阐述自己的观点，然后在争论变得毫无意义时就退出——比如当他们不同意事实时，就想出愚蠢的借口或发表刻薄的言论。)”可知，当你试图赢得与一个不道歉的人的争论时要注意在争论变得毫无意义时退出。故答案为When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible. When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive. 【43题详解】 开放题。如果你的朋友拒绝向你道歉，你所能做的。考生言之有理即可。参考答案为：If they are not friends you interact with regularly, you can consider minimizing contact with them. But if they are close connections, you can accept their behavior and try to make your peace with them. 第二节 (20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校英语俱乐部将举办“AI助力英语学习”的讲座，作为俱乐部负责人，你打算邀请你校国际部外教 Jim 为你们年级做这个讲座。请你用英文给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 邀请并告知时间地点； 2. 建议讲座的具体内容及其原因。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I hope this message finds you well. As the head of our school’s English Club, I’m writing to invite you to deliver a lecture titled “AI-Powered English Learning” for our Grade 12 students. The event is scheduled for next Friday, 3 PM, in the school auditorium. We’d love it if you could cover two main aspects: first, introduce some cutting-edge AI tools that can assist in vocabulary building and grammar practice, as these are common challenges for us. Second, share practical tips on using AI for conversational English improvement, which is crucial for our upcoming oral exams. Your insights would be incredibly valuable and inspiring. Looking forward to your positive reply. Thank you! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英文给Jim写一封邮件，邀请并告知时间地点以及建议讲座的具体内容及其原因。 【详解】1.词汇积累 安排：schedule→arrange 演讲：lecture→speech 宝贵的：valuable→precious 建议：tip→advice 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：As the head of our school’s English Club, I’m writing to invite you to deliver a lecture titled “AI-Powered English Learning” for our Grade 12 students. 拓展句：As the head of our school’s English Club, I’m writing to invite you to deliver a lecture, whose title is “AI-Powered English Learning” for our Grade 12 students. 【点睛】【高分句型1】As the head of our school’s English Club, I’m writing to invite you to deliver a lecture titled “AI-Powered English Learning” for our Grade 12 students. (运用了过去分词作定语) 【高分句型2】Second, share practical tips on using AI for conversational English improvement, which is crucial for our upcoming oral exams.(运用了which引导非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$