专题8 动词五大要点归纳（讲义）-河南省2026年对口升学一轮复习《英语知识点清单》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：河南省2026年对口升学一轮复习《英语知识点清单》，依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》（2020年版），省编复习指导和历年真题编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分，系统总结归纳知识点，全面梳理高考题型。本清单共三大部分：第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单，第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单，第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。 本专题是河南省2026年对口升学一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第8个专题，内容为动词。 2026年河南省对口升学一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题8 动词（讲+练） ( 【考点解读】 近 5 年河南省对口升学考试真题选择填空中，出现了 15 道题，涉及实义动词用法 10 道，包括实义动词辨析、动词词组用法、实义动词与非谓语动词搭配、实义动词的被动语态及时态等；系动词用法 2 道，主要考查系动词在陈述客观真理时的时态以及感官系动词后接表语的用法；助动词用法 2 道，涵盖助动词构成不同时态和语态；情态动词用法 1 道，为情态动词在反义疑问句中的应用。在之前的真题中涉及动词（实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词）共 30 道题。由此可知，动词在真题中考查频率非常高。 ) 【知识点清单一】实义动词的用法 【要点精讲】 1.实义动词：表达一定的行为，具有实际的含义，也称为行为动词。行为动词按照其后是否可以跟宾语可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。 实义动词 用法 示例 及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫作及物动词 I love my family deeply.（我深深地爱着我的家人。） She bought a beautiful dress yesterday.（她昨天买了一条漂亮的裙子。） 不及物动词 本身意义完整，后面不用跟宾语，有时后面跟宾语时需要借助于介词，这样的实义动词叫作不及物动词 The bird is flying in the sky.（鸟儿在天空中飞翔。） He arrived at the station on time.（他准时到达了车站。） 2.常考动词词组 类别 词组 汉语意思 例句 常跟to do的动词词组 afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 We can't afford to buy a new car this year.（我们今年买不起一辆新车。） agree to do sth. 同意做某事(计划、安排等) They agreed to start the project next month.（他们同意下个月启动这个项目。） ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 My mom asks me to clean my room at once.（妈妈叫我立刻打扫我的房间。） choose to do sth. 选择做某事 He chose to study abroad instead of staying at home.（他选择出国留学而不是留在国内。） decide to do sth. 决定做某事 I decided to learn a new language this year.（我决定今年学习一门新语言。） expect to do sth. 期待做某事 We expect to have a great vacation this summer.（我们期待今年夏天有一个很棒的假期。） help (to) do sth. 帮助做某事 She helped (to) clean the house before the guests arrived.（在客人到来之前，她帮忙打扫了房子。） manage to do sth. 设法做某事 He managed to fix the broken bike by himself.（他设法自己修好了那辆坏了的自行车。） prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 They are preparing to take an important exam.（他们正在准备参加一场重要的考试。） promise to do sth. 答应做某事 He promised to come to my party.（他答应来参加我的派对。） want to do sth. 想要做某事 I want to go skating with my classmates this afternoon.（今天下午我想和同学们一起去溜冰。） demand to do sth. 要求做某事 The workers demanded to get a pay raise.（工人们要求加薪。） fail to do sth. 未能做某事 He failed to pass the driving test again.（他又没通过驾驶考试。） hope to do sth. 希望做某事 I hope to visit Paris one day.（我希望有一天能去巴黎参观。） plan to do sth. 计划做某事 We plan to travel to Beijing during the holidays.（我们计划在假期去北京旅游。） pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 He pretended to be asleep when his mother came in.（他妈妈进来时，他假装睡着了。） refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 She refused to accept the gift.（她拒绝接受这份礼物。） wish to do sth. 希望做某事 I wish to have a peaceful life.（我希望过平静的生活。） 常跟 doing的动词词组 can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 When she heard the bad news, she couldn't help crying.（当她听到这个坏消息时，她情不自禁地哭了。） do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事 My sister does well in dancing.（我妹妹擅长跳舞。） finish doing sth. 完成做某事 He finished doing his homework before dinner.（他在晚饭前完成了作业。） give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 He gave up smoking last year.（他去年戒烟了。） have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事有乐趣 We had fun (in) playing games at the party.（我们在派对上玩游戏玩得很开心。） imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 Imagine living on the moon. How cool it would be!（想象一下住在月球上。那得多酷啊！） practise doing sth. 练习做某事 She practises playing the piano every day.（她每天练习弹钢琴。） keep sb. doing sth. 让某人做某事 The boss kept the workers working overtime.（老板让工人们加班。） look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事 I'm looking forward to meeting my old friends.（我盼望着见到我的老朋友们。） mind doing sth. 介意做某事 Would you mind my smoking here?（你介意我在这里吸烟吗？） consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 I'm considering changing my job.（我在考虑换工作。） enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 He enjoys reading books in his free time.（他喜欢在空闲时间看书。） fancy doing sth. 幻想做某事 She fancies traveling around the world alone.（她幻想着独自环游世界。） hate doing sth. 讨厌做某事 I hate doing the dishes. It's so boring.（我讨厌洗碗。太无聊了。） have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事遇到困难 We had trouble (in) finding the way to the hotel.（我们找去酒店的路遇到了困难。） insist on doing sth. 坚持做某事 He insists on running every morning.（他坚持每天早上跑步。） keep (on) doing sth. 坚持做某事 Keep (on) studying hard, and you'll make progress.（继续努力学习，你会取得进步的。） keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 The heavy rain kept us from going out.（大雨阻止了我们外出。） like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 I like going shopping on weekends.（我喜欢在周末去购物。） prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢做……胜过做…… I prefer reading books to watching TV.（比起看电视，我更喜欢看书。） spend some time (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事 Those students spend their spare time reading books.（那些学生把业余时间花在读书上。） stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 The police stopped the thief from running away.（警察阻止小偷逃跑。） suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 My teacher suggested reading more English books.（我的老师建议多读英语书。） thank sb. for doing sth. 因(别人)做了某事而表示感谢 Thank you for helping me with my homework.（谢谢你帮我做作业。） 跟省略to的不定式的动词词组 let/have/make + do sth. 使役动词结构，让/使某人做某事 Nancy made her little sister cry.（南希把她小妹妹弄哭了。） agree词组 agree with sb. 同意某人 I agree with you on this point.（在这一点上我同意你的看法。） agree to 同意(计划、安排等) We agreed to the plan proposed by him.（我们同意了他提出的计划。） agree on 就某事达成协议 After a long discussion, they agreed on the price.（经过长时间的讨论，他们就价格达成了协议。） break词组 break down 破坏，粉碎；出故障 The car broke down on the way to the airport.（汽车在去机场的路上出故障了。） break in 闯进；打断 Someone broke in while we were out.（我们外出时有人闯了进来。） break out 爆发 A fire broke out in the building last night.（昨晚那栋楼里发生了火灾。） break the law 违反法律 We should never break the law.（我们绝不能违法。） break the record 打破纪录 He broke the record in the 100 - meter race.（他在100米赛跑中打破了纪录。） call词组 call at 拜访(后接地点) We called at his house yesterday.（我们昨天去他家拜访了。） call on 拜访(后接被拜访的对象)；号召 The president called on people to work hard for the country.（总统号召人们为国家努力工作。） call back 回电话 Please call me back when you are free.（你有空的时候请给我回电话。） call in 召来 They called in a doctor when their father got sick.（他们的父亲生病时，他们请来了医生。） call up 打电话；使回忆起 This song always calls up memories of my childhood.（这首歌总是让我想起童年的回忆。） call for 邀请；要求 The party calls for more volunteers.（这个派对需要更多志愿者。） call off 取消 They had to call off the match because of the bad weather.（因为天气不好，他们不得不取消比赛。） come词组 come along 一道来 Come along, we're going to be late!（快点，我们要迟到了！） come in 进来 Please come in and have a seat.（请进来坐。） come into 进入 He came into the room quietly.（他悄悄地走进房间。） come out (消息、真相)为人所知；出版 The news came out that he had won the lottery.（他中彩票的消息传开了。） come down 倒塌；降下来 The price of houses is coming down.（房价正在下降。） come from 来自 She comes from a small town in the south.（她来自南方的一个小镇。） come back 回来 He came back home late last night.（他昨晚很晚才回家。） come across 偶然遇到 I came across an old friend in the street yesterday.（我昨天在街上偶然遇到了一位老朋友。） come home 回家 He always comes home early to be with his family.（他总是早早回家陪伴家人。） come to an end 结束 The party came to an end at midnight.（派对在午夜结束了。） come to oneself 苏醒过来 After a few minutes, he came to himself.（几分钟后，他苏醒过来了。） come up 长出，发芽；发生 The flowers are coming up in the spring.（春天，花儿都长出来了。） A problem came up during the meeting.（会议期间出现了一个问题。） come into use 开始使用 The new machine will come into use next month.（这台新机器下个月将开始使用。） come on 快点；上场；开始 Come on! We'll miss the bus.（快点！我们要错过公交车了。） It's your turn to come on stage.（轮到你上场了。） The rain came on suddenly.（雨突然就下起来了。） come true 实现 His dream of becoming a doctor finally came true.（他成为医生的梦想终于实现了。） cut词组 cut in 插嘴 Don't cut in when others are talking.（别人说话时不要插嘴。） cut down 砍倒；削减 They cut down the old tree in the yard.（他们砍倒了院子里的那棵老树。） We need to cut down our expenses this month.（我们这个月需要削减开支。） drop词组 drop by/in 顺便来访 Please drop by my house if you're in the neighborhood.（如果你在附近，请来我家坐坐。） drop behind 落后，落伍 He dropped behind in his studies because of illness.（因为生病，他学习落后了。） drop a line 写信给某人 Drop me a line when you get to Beijing.（你到北京后给我写封信。） fall词组 fall behind 落在后面 He always falls behind in a long - distance race.（他在长跑比赛中总是落在后面。） fall ill/asleep/silent 生病/睡着/沉默(下来) He fell ill last week.（他上周生病了。） The baby fell asleep quickly.（婴儿很快就睡着了。） Everyone fell silent when the teacher entered the classroom.（老师走进教室时，大家都安静下来了。） fall in love with 爱上 He fell in love with her at first sight.（他对她一见钟情。） fall into 陷入；养成 He fell into a bad habit of smoking.（他养成了抽烟的坏习惯。） The company fell into difficulties.（公司陷入了困境。） fall into a habit of 养成……的习惯 We should fall into a habit of getting up early.（我们应该养成早起的习惯。） get词组 get on/along(well) with 与某人相处(融洽) ；在……进展(顺利) I get on well with my classmates.（我和同学们相处得很好。） How are you getting along with your work?（你的工作进展如何？） get up 起床 I usually get up at 6:30 in the morning.（我通常早上6点半起床。） get on 上车(船、飞机、马等) We got on the bus and found seats.（我们上了公交车并找到了座位。） get back 回去 When will you get back home?（你什么时候回家？） get home 到家 She got home late because of the traffic jam.（因为堵车，她到家很晚。） get out(of) (从……)出去 Get out of the car quickly!（快从车里出来！） get together 聚会 We often get together on weekends.（我们周末经常聚会。） get hold of 获得，取得 He finally got hold of the book he wanted.（他终于得到了他想要的那本书。） get in 进入，插话 We got in the house through the window.（我们从窗户进入了房子。） Don't get in when others are speaking.（别人说话时不要插话。） get off 下车(船、飞机、马等) Please get off the bus at the next stop.（请在下一站下车。） get down 下来 Get down from the tree immediately!（马上从树上下来！） get into 进入；陷入 He got into the car and drove away.（他上了车然后开走了。） Don't get into trouble.（不要陷入麻烦。） get to 到达 When did you get to school this morning?（你今天早上什么时候到学校的？） get through 通过；度过；完成 I hope you can get through the exam.（我希望你能通过考试。） We got through the difficult time together.（我们一起度过了困难时期。） I can't get through my work in time.（我不能及时完成我的工作。） get over 越过；恢复；克服 He got over the wall easily.（他轻松地翻过了墙。） She is trying to get over her illness.（她正在努力康复。） We need to get over these difficulties.（我们需要克服这些困难。） get ready for 为……做准备 We are getting ready for the final exam.（我们正在为期末考试做准备。） get used to 习惯于 He has got used to the life in the big city.（他已经习惯了大城市的生活。） go词组 go into 走进…… He went into the office without knocking.（他没敲门就走进了办公室。） go ahead 继续向前走 Go ahead, I'll catch up with you later.（你先走，我一会儿就赶上你。） go away 走开 Go away! I'm busy now.（走开！我现在很忙。） go by 时间流逝；从旁经过 As time goes by, we become more mature.（随着时间的流逝，我们变得更加成熟。） A car went by just now.（刚才一辆汽车开过去了。） go in 进入 Let's go in and have a look.（我们进去看看吧。） go up 上升；攀登 The temperature is going up.（温度在上升。） They went up the mountain yesterday.（他们昨天去爬山了。） go over 温习，复习 I need to go over my lessons before the exam.（考试前我需要复习功课。） go out 出去 ；熄灭 I'm going out for a walk.（我要出去散步。） The lights went out suddenly.（灯突然熄灭了。） go against 违背 We shouldn't go against the rules.（我们不应该违反规则。） go back 回去 ；回顾 Let's go back home.（我们回家吧。） When I go back to my childhood, I feel very happy.（当我回顾我的童年时，我感到非常开心。） go down 下沉；下跌；下降 The sun is going down.（太阳正在下山。） The price of apples is going down.（苹果的价格在下降。） go through 经历 She has gone through a lot of difficulties.（她经历了很多困难。） go without 没有……也行 We can go without coffee for a few days.（我们几天不喝咖啡也行。） go swimming/skating/shopping/dancing/fishing/hunting/camping 去游泳/溜冰/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/打猎/野营 We often go shopping on Sundays.（我们经常在周日去购物。） give词组 give up 放弃 He gave up smoking last year.（他去年戒烟了。） give off 放出、发出(气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等) The flowers give off a sweet smell.（这些花散发出甜甜的香味。） give away 泄露；赠送 Don't give away my secret.（别泄露我的秘密。） She gave away all her old clothes.（她把所有的旧衣服都送人了。） give back 归还 Please give back my book on time.（请按时归还我的书。） give in 屈服，让步，投降 He didn't give in to the difficulties.（他没有向困难屈服。） have词组 have a rest 休息一下 Let's have a rest. I'm so tired.（我们休息一下吧。我太累了。） have a try 试一试 You should have a try. Maybe you can do it.（你应该试一试。也许你能做到。） have a cough (患)咳嗽 He has a cough and needs to see a doctor.（他咳嗽了，需要去看医生。） have a picnic 举行野餐 We had a picnic by the lake last weekend.（上周末我们在湖边举行了野餐。） have a bath/shower 洗澡，淋浴 I usually have a shower before going to bed.（我通常在睡觉前洗个淋浴。） have a meal 吃一顿饭 We have three meals a day.（我们一天吃三顿饭。） have fun 玩得高兴 They had great fun at the amusement park.（他们在游乐园玩得很开心。） have nothing to do with 与……无关 This matter has nothing to do with me.（这件事与我无关。） have a cold 感冒 He has a cold and doesn't feel well.（他感冒了，感觉不舒服。） have a look 看一看 Let me have a look at your new dress.（让我看看你的新裙子。） have a seat 坐下，就座 Please have a seat. We'll start the meeting soon.（请就座。我们马上开始开会。） have a favor 劳驾，请您帮个忙 Have a favor. Could you pass me the book?（劳驾，你能把那本书递给我吗？） have a class 上课 We have a math class every morning.（我们每天早上都有一节数学课。） have a good time 玩得高兴 They had a good time at the party last night.（他们昨晚在派对上玩得很开心。） have something to do with 与……有关 This problem has something to do with what we learned yesterday.（这个问题与我们昨天学的内容有关。） keep词组 keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 The heavy rain kept us from going out.（大雨阻止了我们外出。） keep in touch with 与……保持联系 I keep in touch with my old friends by phone.（我通过电话和我的老朋友保持联系。） keep sth. in mind 记住(某事物) Keep these rules in mind when you play the game.（玩游戏时要记住这些规则。） keep (on) doing sth. 继续做某事 Keep (on) studying hard, and you'll succeed.（继续努力学习，你会成功的。） leave词组 leave for 动身去某地 He will leave for Beijing tomorrow.（他明天将动身去北京。） learn词组 learn from 向……学习 We should learn from each other.（我们应该互相学习。） listen词组 listen to 听…… Please listen to the teacher carefully.（请认真听老师讲课。） look词组 look after 照顾，照料 She can look after herself.（她能照顾好自己。） look at 看…… Look at the blackboard.（看黑板。） look for 寻找 He is looking for his lost keys.（他正在寻找他丢失的钥匙。） look forward to 期待，盼望 I'm looking forward to your reply.（我期待你的回复。） look into 调查，研究 The police are looking into the case.（警察正在调查这个案件。） look out 小心，留神 Look out! There is a car coming.（小心！有辆车来了。） look up 查阅；向上看 You can look up the word in the dictionary.（你可以在字典里查这个单词。） make词组 make a decision 做决定 You should make a decision as soon as possible.（你应该尽快做决定。） make a mistake 犯错误 Everyone may make a mistake.（每个人都可能犯错误。） make friends with 和……交朋友 I want to make friends with you.（我想和你交朋友。） make progress 取得进步 He has made great progress in English.（他在英语方面取得了很大进步。） make up 组成；编造；弥补；化妆 The team is made up of ten students.（这个团队由十名学生组成。） make up one's mind 下定决心 He has made up his mind to study abroad.（他已下定决心出国留学。） notice词组 notice sb. do sth. 注意到某人做了某事 I noticed him enter the room.（我注意到他进了房间。） notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事 I noticed him reading a book in the library.（我注意到他正在图书馆里看书。） pay词组 pay for 为……付款 You need to pay for the book.（你需要为这本书付款。） pick词组 pick up 捡起；接载；学会 He picked up a pen on the ground.（他在地上捡起一支钢笔。） point词组 point at 指着 Don't point at others with your finger.（不要用手指指着别人。） point out 指出 He pointed out my mistakes.（他指出了我的错误。） prevent词组 prevent...from... 阻止……做某事 The heavy rain prevented us from going out.（大雨阻止了我们外出。） refer词组 refer to 参考；涉及；指的是 When I said someone was lazy, I didn't refer to you.（当我说有人懒惰时，我不是指你。） remind词组 remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 This photo reminds me of my childhood.（这张照片让我想起了我的童年。） reply词组 reply to 回复 You should reply to his email in time.（你应该及时回复他的邮件。） run词组 run away 逃跑 The thief ran away quickly.（小偷很快就逃跑了。） run out of 用完，耗尽 We ran out of fuel.（我们把燃料用光了。） send词组 send for 派人去请；召唤 We should send for a doctor at once.（我们应该马上派人去请医生。） set词组 set off 出发；动身；引起 They will set off for the mountains tomorrow.（他们明天将出发去山区。） set up 建立；设立 They set up a new company last year.（他们去年成立了一家新公司。） show词组 show off 炫耀 Don't show off your new clothes.（别炫耀你的新衣服。） show sb. around 带领某人参观 I'll show you around our school.（我将带你参观我们学校。） shut词组 shut down 关闭；停工 The factory had to shut down because of the accident.（由于事故，工厂不得不关闭。） take词组 take after （外貌或行为）像 He takes after his father.（他长得像他父亲。） take away 拿走 Please take away these books.（请把这些书拿走。） take care of 照顾 You should take care of your parents when they are old.（你父母年老时你应该照顾他们。） take down 记下；拆除 Take down what the teacher said.（记下老师说的话。） take exercise 锻炼 You should take exercise every day.（你应该每天锻炼。） take off 起飞；脱下 The plane will take off in an hour.（飞机将在一小时后起飞。） take on 承担；呈现 He took on a new task.（他承担了一项新任务。） take out 拿出；取出 Take out your book.（拿出你的书。） take part in 参加 He took part in the sports meeting.（他参加了运动会。） take place 发生 The accident took place last night.（事故发生在昨晚。） take the place of 代替 Plastic has taken the place of many traditional materials.（塑料已经取代了许多传统材料。） talk词组 talk about 谈论 Let's talk about our plans for the weekend.（让我们谈谈我们周末的计划。） talk with/to 和……交谈 I talked with my teacher yesterday.（我昨天和我的老师谈过了。） think词组 think about 考虑 Think about this problem carefully.（仔细考虑这个问题。） think of 想起；认为 What do you think of this movie?（你认为这部电影怎么样？） wait词组 wait for 等待 I'm waiting for the bus.（我正在等公交车。） wake词组 wake up 醒来 I usually wake up at 6 o'clock.（我通常6点醒来。） work词组 work on 从事；致力于 He is working on a new project.（他正在从事一个新项目。） write词组 write down 写下 Write down your name on the paper.（在纸上写下你的名字。） 【即时训练】 1．My parents always ________ me whenever I am in need. A．supporting B．consider C．consider in D．support 2.They ________ the office at nine yesterday morning. A．reached to B．arrived C．went D．got to 3. My parents can't ________ to buy a big house now, but they believe they will in the future. A. afford B. try C. plan D. want 4. The teacher ________ us to finish the math problems in 20 minutes. A. asks B. talks C. lets D. makes 5. —Could you please ________ me clean the classroom? —Sure! No problem. A. help B. give C. let D. make 6. —Did he come to your party last night? —No, he didn't. But he ________ to come. A. said B. promised C. kept D. considered 7. He studied hard, but still ________ to pass the English exam. He was very sad. A. failed B. missed C. lost D. didn't 8. When his mother came into the room, he ________ to be doing his homework. A. pretended B. enjoyed C. asked D. helped 9. She ________ to accept the invitation because she had another important thing to do. A. refused B. decided C. chose D. expected 10. — Why don't we buy that new smartphone? — We can't ______ to spend so much money right now. We should save it for emergencies. A. supply B. afford C. provide D. deliver 11. — What's the plan for the class project? — We all ______ to work on it together during the weekend. A. argued B. debated C. agreed D. discussed 12. — Tom, what did the teacher say just now? — She ______ us to submit our science reports before Wednesday. A. taught B. showed C. asked D. explained 13. — Do you think we'll win the basketball game? — We ______ to win, but the other team is very strong. A. doubted B. wondered C. expected D. questioned 14. — What does your brother like to do in his free time? — He enjoys ______ model planes. He has a whole collection. A. make B. makes C. making D. to make 15. — I'm so tired. I don't want to continue cleaning the room. — Come on! You should finish ______ it before you go to bed. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 16. My mother always asks me to give up ______ computer games too much. It's bad for my eyes. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 17. The little girl can't help ______ when she sees her favorite toy. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing D. laughed 18. — Do you mind ______ the window? It's a bit hot in here. — Of course not. Go ahead. A. open B. to open C. opening D. opened 19. The students have fun ______ English songs at the English party. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sang 20. I'm considering ______ a new hobby to make my life more colorful. A. take up B. to take up C. taking up D. took up 21. The teacher made Tom ______ the text again because he didn't recite it well. A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads 22. — Why do you look so tired? — I spent the whole night ______ my project. A. work on B. to work on C. working on D. worked on 23. My father insists on ______ every morning to keep healthy. A. exercise B. to exercise C. exercising D. exercised 24. I prefer ______ books rather than ______ TV in my free time. A. read; watch B. reading; watching C. to read; watch D. to read; to watch 25. The heavy snow kept us from ______ out to play. A. go B. to go C. going D. went 26. — Do you ______ the idea of going on a picnic this weekend? — Yes, it sounds great! A. agree with B. agree to C. agree on D. agree at 27. The old bridge ______ under the weight of the heavy truck. A. broke down B. broke in C. broke out D. broke the law 28. We ______ our grandparents' house during our trip to the countryside. A. called at B. called on C. called back D. called for 29. The truth about the mystery ______ after years of investigation. A. came out B. came along C. came down D. came into 30. Please don't ______ when I'm speaking. Wait for your turn. A. cut in B. cut down C. cut off D. cut out 31. She ______ her friends' house when she was in the area. A. dropped by B. dropped behind C. dropped off D. dropped out 32. The runner ______ in the last lap of the race. A. fell behind B. fell ill C. fell into D. fell in love with 33. — How are you ______ with your new roommates? — Very well. We share many hobbies. A. getting on B. getting up C. getting back D. getting down 34. The price of gasoline ______ again last month. A. went up B. went down C. went out D. went against 35. She decided to ______ all her old clothes to charity. A. give up B. give off C. give away D. give in 36. Let's ______ for a while. We've been working non - stop. A. have a rest B. have a try C. have a cough D. have a picnic 37. We should ______ our friends when they are in trouble. A. keep in touch with B. keep away from C. keep up with D. keep off 38. They will ______ London next week to attend a conference. A. leave for B. leave behind C. leave out D. leave off 39. We should ______ the heroes who sacrificed for our country. A. learn from B. learn about C. learn by D. learn with 40. ______ the teacher carefully and take notes. A. Listen to B. Listen in C. Listen for D. Listen up 41. — Who did you ______ at the school gate yesterday? — I ______ an old classmate I hadn't seen for years. A. look for; came across B. look at; came along C. look after; came down D. look into; came back 42. The manager asked us to ______ a new plan to increase sales. A. make up B. make out C. make for D. make over 43. You need to ______ the book before you leave the bookshop. A. pay for B. pay off C. pay back D. pay out 44. She ______ a pen from the floor and handed it to the teacher. A. picked out B. picked up C. picked off D. picked over 45. The heavy rain ______ us ______ going to the beach. A. prevented...from B. protected...from C. prepared...for D. provided...with 46. Have you ______ your friend's invitation to the party? A. replied to B. reacted to C. reduced to D. resulted in 47. The tour guide will ______ us ______ the famous museum. A. show...around B. show...off C. show...up D. show...in 48. I usually ______ at 6:30 in the morning and start my day. A. wake up B. wake out C. wake on D. wake over 【知识点清单二】系动词的用法 【要点精讲】 系动词不可单独做谓语，后面必须跟表语构成系表结构（主语+系动词+表语）。 具体类别 常用例词 例 句 状态系动词 be She is a smart shopper. （她是一个聪明的购物者。） 持续系动词 keep, remain, stay The dialogue remains friendly. （对话仍然是友好的。） 表象系动词 seem, appear He seems (to be) unhappy. （他似乎不高兴了。） 感官系动词 look, feel, smell, taste, sound The dish smells delicious. （饭菜闻起来很香。） 变化系动词 become, turn, get, grow The leaves turn green. （树叶变绿了。） 终止系动词 prove（证明）, turn out（结果是） His plan turned out a success. （他的计划终于成功了。） 【即时训练】 1.Gabriela and Roberto ________ single. A．is B．am C．are D．be 2.The weather in Kunming ______ warm all year round. A. gets B. remains C. becomes D. turns 3.The little girl ______ very nervous when she stood on the stage. A. seems B. seemed C. is seeming D. seem 4.The dish ________ good. Would you like to have some? A．feels B．smells C．touches D．sounds 5.As the sun set, the sky ______ darker and darker. A. becomes B. turned C. gets D. grow 6.The experiment ______ to be more difficult than we expected. A. proves B. is turned out C. turned out D. prove 【知识点清单三】助动词的用法 【要点精讲】 助动词在句中不能独立做谓语，而是和行为动词一起构成谓语，本身没有含义，仅用于帮助行为动词构成时态、语态、否定句、疑问句和强调句等。 分类 例词 例句 基本助动词 be, do, have I am a student.（我是一名学生。） Do you like reading books?（你喜欢读书吗？） I have finished my work.（我已经完成了我的工作。） 半助动词 be going to, had better He is going to visit his grandparents this weekend.（他打算这个周末去看望他的祖父母。） You had better wear warm clothes. It's cold outside.（你最好穿暖和的衣服。外面很冷。） 【即时训练】 1.—A number of singers ________ arriving at Baiyun Airport. —________ exciting news it is. A．is; How B．are; What a C．are; What D．is; How a 2.This is a reading room. ________ speak loudly, please. A．Don’t B．Don’t be C．No D．Not 3.Tom has never been to Canada, ________ he? A．has B．hasn’t C．is D．isn’t 4.Either he or she _____ going to take part in the National Vocational Skill Competition. A．are B．do C．is D．Does 5.The bus is too crowded, I think we ________. A．have better to walk home B．had better to walk home C．have better walk home D．had better walk home 【知识点清单四】情态动词的用法 【要点精讲】 1.情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为“可能”“应当”“必要”等。 情态动词分类 推测性用法 示例 非推测性用法 示例 can/could 通常用在否定句和疑问句，can’t表示不可能。could表示推测时可能性小于can，可用在肯定/否定/疑问句中。 —Can the news be true? —It can’t be true. （对现在的推测） He couldn’t be over fifty. He looks energetic. （对现在的推测，could此时不表示过去，表示可能性的强弱） can/could可以表示能力、许可、请求 He could speak a little Russian when he was young. （他很小时就能说一些俄语了。） You can go now. （你可以走了。） Could you please lend me you dictionary?（你能借给我你的词典吗？） can/could当表示客观存在的可能性时，用在肯定句。 Anybody can make mistakes. 谁都可能犯错误。 当表示请求时，could比can语气委婉，提问可以用could, 回答不用could而用can —Could I come here again tomorrow?（明天我能再来一次吗？） —Yes, you can. /No, I’m afraid not.（是的，你可以）。/（不，恐怕不行。） may/might may/might表示推测，用在肯/否句，might可能性更小。 That may or may not be true. (这可能是真的，也可能不是。) He might come tonight for the party, but I’m not sure.(他今晚可能会来参加聚会，但我不确定。) 表示“可以”“允许” —May I watch TV after supper?(晚饭后我可以看电视吗？) —Yes, you may. /Yes, please.(可以，您可以。/请。) —No, you may not./No, you can’t/mustn’t./you’d better not. / I’m afraid not.(不，你不能。/你不准/你最好别去。/恐怕不行。 He said that I might use the telephone. （他说我可以打电话。） may表示祝愿（不能用might） May you enjoy yourself！（祝你玩得开心！） must/have to 表推测，表示“一定” —The man in black must be Tom. （穿黑色衣服的一定是汤姆。）—No, it can’t be Tom. （不，不可能是汤姆。） 意思是“必须”，表示说话人的主观看法，其否定式是mustn’t，表示“不许”“一定不要、禁止”。 I must go now.（我现在必须走了。） Must I clean the blackboard now? （我必须现在擦黑板吗？） Yes, you must. （是的，你必须。） No, you needn’t. /you don’t have to. （不，你不必。） You mustn’t park your car here. （你禁止把车停这儿。） have to表示的是客观需要。have to比must有更多的时态形式。 I have to go now. Someone is waiting for me.（我得走了，有人在等我。） shall / / 在疑问句中，情态动词shall用来征求对方意见或请求指示，用于第一、三人称。 Shall we start now?（我们现在开始吗？） shall表示命令、警告、承诺、威胁时用在第二、三人称，用于陈述句中。 You shall get what you want if you behave well. （如果你表现好，你就会得到你想要的。） He shall be punished if he breaks the law. （他若违法，应受惩罚。） should/ought to should 表示推测。 Mary studies hard and she should pass the exam.（玛丽学习很努力，她应该能通过考试。） should表示“劝告”“建议”“义务”“责任”，意思是“应该”。ought to表示“应该” “应当”，相当于should，无人称和数的变化，否定形式为ought not to，其疑问式为Ought I/you to…? You should help your mother with the housework. （你应该帮你母亲做家务。） You ought to take care of yourself. （你应该照顾好自己。） will / / will表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求，用在疑问句中，用于第二人称。 Will you go with me?（你愿意和我一起去吗？） will表示“意愿”“意志”，可译为“愿意”，用于多种人称。于第二人称。 We will help him if he asks us to.（如果他要我们帮忙，我们会帮助他的。） would / / would 表示意愿或向对方提出请求，比will语气委婉。 Would you mind holding the handle for me?（你能帮我拿一下把手吗？） need / / 作为情态动词用在否定句和疑问句中。没有人称和数的变化，否定形式为needn’t —Need you go?（你需要去吗？）—No, I needn’t. （不，我不必去。） dare / / dare 表示“敢于做某事”通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中，后接动词原形，没有人称和数的变化，过去式是 “dared”。， I dare not mention their names. （我不敢提他们的名字。） If you dare say that again, I'll punish you.（如果你敢再那样说，我就惩罚你。） 2.辨析：can和be able to 词 用法 示例 can/could 现在具有的能力用can，过去具有的能力用could He is only four , but he can speak two foreign languages. （现在具备的能力） be able to be able to强调经过一些努力后具备的能力或成功地做了某事情。 则有更多的时态，通常用在一般现在时、一般过去时或一般将来时等时态中 He was able to climb to the top of the mountain last year though he was only five. （成功地做了某事） 3.情态动词+have done的用法 用法类型 情态动词 + have done 详细情况 具体用法 例句 推测性用法 must have done 对过去发生的事情进行肯定推测，意为“一定做了某事” He must have missed the bus, because he is usually on time but now he's late.（他一定是没赶上公交车，因为他通常很准时，可现在迟到了。） can/could have done（否定和疑问） 否定句中，对过去发生的事情进行否定推测，意为“不可能做了某事”；疑问句中，用于询问过去可能发生的事 She can't have gone to the party. I saw her at the library just now.（她不可能去参加派对了。我刚才还在图书馆看到她了。） Can he have stolen the money?（他有可能偷了那笔钱吗？） may/might have done 对过去发生的事情进行可能性推测，“might”比“may”的可能性更小，意为“也许/可能做了某事”；否定句中，表示过去可能没做某事，“might not”语气更弱 He may have gone home.（他也许已经回家了。） They might not have received our message.（他们可能没收到我们的消息。） 非推测性用法 can/could have done（肯定） 表示过去本来有能力做某事却没做，有惋惜、遗憾的意味 You could have passed the exam if you had studied harder.（如果你当时更努力学习，本可以通过考试的。） should/ought to have done 表示过去本应该做某事却没做，有责备、批评的含义 You should have told me the truth earlier.（你本应该早点告诉我真相的。） needn't have done 表示过去本不必做某事却做了，有浪费精力、做了多余之事的意思 You needn't have cooked so much food. There are only a few of us.（你本不必做这么多食物的。我们只有几个人。） 【即时训练】 1.The speaker tried hard, but he ________ still succeed in making his idea clear. A．could B．wouldn’t C．would D．couldn’t 2.—I heard that I can take the book out? —Don’t be fooled by that. It ________ be true. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．won’t D．shouldn’t 3.—Could I go to the movie this weekend, Dad? —Yes, you ________. But you have to come back before nine. A．shall B．must C．need D．can 4.________ I ________ your pen? I forgot to bring mine. A．May; used B．Must; used C．Must; use D．May; use 5.—Where is Mom now? —I’m not sure. She _________ be in the kitchen. A．shall B．may C．need D．must 6.—Must I finish the composition in class? —No, you ________. You can finish it this evening. A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．won’t D．can’t 7.—Who is in the library? —It ________ be John. He loves reading. A．could B．will C．would D．must 8.However, our phones ________ occupy all our time. A．mustn’t B．can’t C．may not D．shouldn’t 9.People liked O. Henry’s stories, because simple as the tales were, they ________ finish with a sudden change at the end, to the readers’ surprise. A．could B．would C．might D．must 10.—Don’t tell anyone about this, Kitty? —OK, ________. I’ll keep it ________. A．I will; for me B．I won’t; to myself C．I will; to myself D．I won’t; for me 11.You _____keep the water running all the time, because you’re wasting water. A．ought to B．ought not C．not ought D．ought not to 12.—Must I hand in my homework after class? —No, you _______. A．may not B．can’t C．won’t D．needn’t 13.We ________ to book it in advance. A．to have B．have C．has D．having 14.Tom didn't answer the phone. He ______ fallen asleep already. A. must B. can C. must have D. could have 15.The door was locked. She ______ left the house. A. can't have B. mustn't have C. may not have D. needn't have 16.They ______ not ______ heard the news yet. Let's tell them. A. must; have B. might; have C. need; have D. should; have 17.She ______ joined the club last year, but she was too busy. A. can have B. could have C. may have D. needn't have 18.Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn't show up. A．should have arrived B．should arrive C．should have had arrived D．should be arriving 19.He ______ studied harder for the test. Now he regrets his laziness. A. ought to have B. could have C. may have D. needn't have 20.You ______ bought so many snacks. We already have enough. A. mustn't have B. couldn't have C. needn't have D. shouldn't have 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 编写说明：河南省2026年对口升学一轮复习《英语知识点清单》，依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》（2020年版），省编复习指导和历年真题编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分，系统总结归纳知识点，全面梳理高考题型。本清单共三大部分：第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单，第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单，第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。 本专题是河南省2026年对口升学一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第8个专题，内容为动词。 2026年河南省对口升学一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题8 动词（讲+练） ( 【考点解读】 近 5 年河南省对口升学考试真题选择填空中，出现了 15 道题，涉及实义动词用法 10 道，包括实义动词辨析、动词词组用法、实义动词与非谓语动词搭配、实义动词的被动语态及时态等；系动词用法 2 道，主要考查系动词在陈述客观真理时的时态以及感官系动词后接表语的用法；助动词用法 2 道，涵盖助动词构成不同时态和语态；情态动词用法 1 道，为情态动词在反义疑问句中的应用。在之前的真题中涉及动词（实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词）共 30 道题。由此可知，动词在真题中考查频率非常高。 ) 【知识点清单一】实义动词的用法 【要点精讲】 1.实义动词：表达一定的行为，具有实际的含义，也称为行为动词。行为动词按照其后是否可以跟宾语可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。 实义动词 用法 示例 及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫作及物动词 I love my family deeply.（我深深地爱着我的家人。） She bought a beautiful dress yesterday.（她昨天买了一条漂亮的裙子。） 不及物动词 本身意义完整，后面不用跟宾语，有时后面跟宾语时需要借助于介词，这样的实义动词叫作不及物动词 The bird is flying in the sky.（鸟儿在天空中飞翔。） He arrived at the station on time.（他准时到达了车站。） 2.常考动词词组 类别 词组 汉语意思 例句 常跟to do的动词词组 afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 We can't afford to buy a new car this year.（我们今年买不起一辆新车。） agree to do sth. 同意做某事(计划、安排等) They agreed to start the project next month.（他们同意下个月启动这个项目。） ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 My mom asks me to clean my room at once.（妈妈叫我立刻打扫我的房间。） choose to do sth. 选择做某事 He chose to study abroad instead of staying at home.（他选择出国留学而不是留在国内。） decide to do sth. 决定做某事 I decided to learn a new language this year.（我决定今年学习一门新语言。） expect to do sth. 期待做某事 We expect to have a great vacation this summer.（我们期待今年夏天有一个很棒的假期。） help (to) do sth. 帮助做某事 She helped (to) clean the house before the guests arrived.（在客人到来之前，她帮忙打扫了房子。） manage to do sth. 设法做某事 He managed to fix the broken bike by himself.（他设法自己修好了那辆坏了的自行车。） prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 They are preparing to take an important exam.（他们正在准备参加一场重要的考试。） promise to do sth. 答应做某事 He promised to come to my party.（他答应来参加我的派对。） want to do sth. 想要做某事 I want to go skating with my classmates this afternoon.（今天下午我想和同学们一起去溜冰。） demand to do sth. 要求做某事 The workers demanded to get a pay raise.（工人们要求加薪。） fail to do sth. 未能做某事 He failed to pass the driving test again.（他又没通过驾驶考试。） hope to do sth. 希望做某事 I hope to visit Paris one day.（我希望有一天能去巴黎参观。） plan to do sth. 计划做某事 We plan to travel to Beijing during the holidays.（我们计划在假期去北京旅游。） pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 He pretended to be asleep when his mother came in.（他妈妈进来时，他假装睡着了。） refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 She refused to accept the gift.（她拒绝接受这份礼物。） wish to do sth. 希望做某事 I wish to have a peaceful life.（我希望过平静的生活。） 常跟 doing的动词词组 can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 When she heard the bad news, she couldn't help crying.（当她听到这个坏消息时，她情不自禁地哭了。） do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事 My sister does well in dancing.（我妹妹擅长跳舞。） finish doing sth. 完成做某事 He finished doing his homework before dinner.（他在晚饭前完成了作业。） give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 He gave up smoking last year.（他去年戒烟了。） have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事有乐趣 We had fun (in) playing games at the party.（我们在派对上玩游戏玩得很开心。） imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 Imagine living on the moon. How cool it would be!（想象一下住在月球上。那得多酷啊！） practise doing sth. 练习做某事 She practises playing the piano every day.（她每天练习弹钢琴。） keep sb. doing sth. 让某人做某事 The boss kept the workers working overtime.（老板让工人们加班。） look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事 I'm looking forward to meeting my old friends.（我盼望着见到我的老朋友们。） mind doing sth. 介意做某事 Would you mind my smoking here?（你介意我在这里吸烟吗？） consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 I'm considering changing my job.（我在考虑换工作。） enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 He enjoys reading books in his free time.（他喜欢在空闲时间看书。） fancy doing sth. 幻想做某事 She fancies traveling around the world alone.（她幻想着独自环游世界。） hate doing sth. 讨厌做某事 I hate doing the dishes. It's so boring.（我讨厌洗碗。太无聊了。） have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事遇到困难 We had trouble (in) finding the way to the hotel.（我们找去酒店的路遇到了困难。） insist on doing sth. 坚持做某事 He insists on running every morning.（他坚持每天早上跑步。） keep (on) doing sth. 坚持做某事 Keep (on) studying hard, and you'll make progress.（继续努力学习，你会取得进步的。） keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 The heavy rain kept us from going out.（大雨阻止了我们外出。） like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 I like going shopping on weekends.（我喜欢在周末去购物。） prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢做……胜过做…… I prefer reading books to watching TV.（比起看电视，我更喜欢看书。） spend some time (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事 Those students spend their spare time reading books.（那些学生把业余时间花在读书上。） stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 The police stopped the thief from running away.（警察阻止小偷逃跑。） suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 My teacher suggested reading more English books.（我的老师建议多读英语书。） thank sb. for doing sth. 因(别人)做了某事而表示感谢 Thank you for helping me with my homework.（谢谢你帮我做作业。） 跟省略to的不定式的动词词组 let/have/make + do sth. 使役动词结构，让/使某人做某事 Nancy made her little sister cry.（南希把她小妹妹弄哭了。） agree词组 agree with sb. 同意某人 I agree with you on this point.（在这一点上我同意你的看法。） agree to 同意(计划、安排等) We agreed to the plan proposed by him.（我们同意了他提出的计划。） agree on 就某事达成协议 After a long discussion, they agreed on the price.（经过长时间的讨论，他们就价格达成了协议。） break词组 break down 破坏，粉碎；出故障 The car broke down on the way to the airport.（汽车在去机场的路上出故障了。） break in 闯进；打断 Someone broke in while we were out.（我们外出时有人闯了进来。） break out 爆发 A fire broke out in the building last night.（昨晚那栋楼里发生了火灾。） break the law 违反法律 We should never break the law.（我们绝不能违法。） break the record 打破纪录 He broke the record in the 100 - meter race.（他在100米赛跑中打破了纪录。） call词组 call at 拜访(后接地点) We called at his house yesterday.（我们昨天去他家拜访了。） call on 拜访(后接被拜访的对象)；号召 The president called on people to work hard for the country.（总统号召人们为国家努力工作。） call back 回电话 Please call me back when you are free.（你有空的时候请给我回电话。） call in 召来 They called in a doctor when their father got sick.（他们的父亲生病时，他们请来了医生。） call up 打电话；使回忆起 This song always calls up memories of my childhood.（这首歌总是让我想起童年的回忆。） call for 邀请；要求 The party calls for more volunteers.（这个派对需要更多志愿者。） call off 取消 They had to call off the match because of the bad weather.（因为天气不好，他们不得不取消比赛。） come词组 come along 一道来 Come along, we're going to be late!（快点，我们要迟到了！） come in 进来 Please come in and have a seat.（请进来坐。） come into 进入 He came into the room quietly.（他悄悄地走进房间。） come out (消息、真相)为人所知；出版 The news came out that he had won the lottery.（他中彩票的消息传开了。） come down 倒塌；降下来 The price of houses is coming down.（房价正在下降。） come from 来自 She comes from a small town in the south.（她来自南方的一个小镇。） come back 回来 He came back home late last night.（他昨晚很晚才回家。） come across 偶然遇到 I came across an old friend in the street yesterday.（我昨天在街上偶然遇到了一位老朋友。） come home 回家 He always comes home early to be with his family.（他总是早早回家陪伴家人。） come to an end 结束 The party came to an end at midnight.（派对在午夜结束了。） come to oneself 苏醒过来 After a few minutes, he came to himself.（几分钟后，他苏醒过来了。） come up 长出，发芽；发生 The flowers are coming up in the spring.（春天，花儿都长出来了。） A problem came up during the meeting.（会议期间出现了一个问题。） come into use 开始使用 The new machine will come into use next month.（这台新机器下个月将开始使用。） come on 快点；上场；开始 Come on! We'll miss the bus.（快点！我们要错过公交车了。） It's your turn to come on stage.（轮到你上场了。） The rain came on suddenly.（雨突然就下起来了。） come true 实现 His dream of becoming a doctor finally came true.（他成为医生的梦想终于实现了。） cut词组 cut in 插嘴 Don't cut in when others are talking.（别人说话时不要插嘴。） cut down 砍倒；削减 They cut down the old tree in the yard.（他们砍倒了院子里的那棵老树。） We need to cut down our expenses this month.（我们这个月需要削减开支。） drop词组 drop by/in 顺便来访 Please drop by my house if you're in the neighborhood.（如果你在附近，请来我家坐坐。） drop behind 落后，落伍 He dropped behind in his studies because of illness.（因为生病，他学习落后了。） drop a line 写信给某人 Drop me a line when you get to Beijing.（你到北京后给我写封信。） fall词组 fall behind 落在后面 He always falls behind in a long - distance race.（他在长跑比赛中总是落在后面。） fall ill/asleep/silent 生病/睡着/沉默(下来) He fell ill last week.（他上周生病了。） The baby fell asleep quickly.（婴儿很快就睡着了。） Everyone fell silent when the teacher entered the classroom.（老师走进教室时，大家都安静下来了。） fall in love with 爱上 He fell in love with her at first sight.（他对她一见钟情。） fall into 陷入；养成 He fell into a bad habit of smoking.（他养成了抽烟的坏习惯。） The company fell into difficulties.（公司陷入了困境。） fall into a habit of 养成……的习惯 We should fall into a habit of getting up early.（我们应该养成早起的习惯。） get词组 get on/along(well) with 与某人相处(融洽) ；在……进展(顺利) I get on well with my classmates.（我和同学们相处得很好。） How are you getting along with your work?（你的工作进展如何？） get up 起床 I usually get up at 6:30 in the morning.（我通常早上6点半起床。） get on 上车(船、飞机、马等) We got on the bus and found seats.（我们上了公交车并找到了座位。） get back 回去 When will you get back home?（你什么时候回家？） get home 到家 She got home late because of the traffic jam.（因为堵车，她到家很晚。） get out(of) (从……)出去 Get out of the car quickly!（快从车里出来！） get together 聚会 We often get together on weekends.（我们周末经常聚会。） get hold of 获得，取得 He finally got hold of the book he wanted.（他终于得到了他想要的那本书。） get in 进入，插话 We got in the house through the window.（我们从窗户进入了房子。） Don't get in when others are speaking.（别人说话时不要插话。） get off 下车(船、飞机、马等) Please get off the bus at the next stop.（请在下一站下车。） get down 下来 Get down from the tree immediately!（马上从树上下来！） get into 进入；陷入 He got into the car and drove away.（他上了车然后开走了。） Don't get into trouble.（不要陷入麻烦。） get to 到达 When did you get to school this morning?（你今天早上什么时候到学校的？） get through 通过；度过；完成 I hope you can get through the exam.（我希望你能通过考试。） We got through the difficult time together.（我们一起度过了困难时期。） I can't get through my work in time.（我不能及时完成我的工作。） get over 越过；恢复；克服 He got over the wall easily.（他轻松地翻过了墙。） She is trying to get over her illness.（她正在努力康复。） We need to get over these difficulties.（我们需要克服这些困难。） get ready for 为……做准备 We are getting ready for the final exam.（我们正在为期末考试做准备。） get used to 习惯于 He has got used to the life in the big city.（他已经习惯了大城市的生活。） go词组 go into 走进…… He went into the office without knocking.（他没敲门就走进了办公室。） go ahead 继续向前走 Go ahead, I'll catch up with you later.（你先走，我一会儿就赶上你。） go away 走开 Go away! I'm busy now.（走开！我现在很忙。） go by 时间流逝；从旁经过 As time goes by, we become more mature.（随着时间的流逝，我们变得更加成熟。） A car went by just now.（刚才一辆汽车开过去了。） go in 进入 Let's go in and have a look.（我们进去看看吧。） go up 上升；攀登 The temperature is going up.（温度在上升。） They went up the mountain yesterday.（他们昨天去爬山了。） go over 温习，复习 I need to go over my lessons before the exam.（考试前我需要复习功课。） go out 出去 ；熄灭 I'm going out for a walk.（我要出去散步。） The lights went out suddenly.（灯突然熄灭了。） go against 违背 We shouldn't go against the rules.（我们不应该违反规则。） go back 回去 ；回顾 Let's go back home.（我们回家吧。） When I go back to my childhood, I feel very happy.（当我回顾我的童年时，我感到非常开心。） go down 下沉；下跌；下降 The sun is going down.（太阳正在下山。） The price of apples is going down.（苹果的价格在下降。） go through 经历 She has gone through a lot of difficulties.（她经历了很多困难。） go without 没有……也行 We can go without coffee for a few days.（我们几天不喝咖啡也行。） go swimming/skating/shopping/dancing/fishing/hunting/camping 去游泳/溜冰/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/打猎/野营 We often go shopping on Sundays.（我们经常在周日去购物。） give词组 give up 放弃 He gave up smoking last year.（他去年戒烟了。） give off 放出、发出(气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等) The flowers give off a sweet smell.（这些花散发出甜甜的香味。） give away 泄露；赠送 Don't give away my secret.（别泄露我的秘密。） She gave away all her old clothes.（她把所有的旧衣服都送人了。） give back 归还 Please give back my book on time.（请按时归还我的书。） give in 屈服，让步，投降 He didn't give in to the difficulties.（他没有向困难屈服。） have词组 have a rest 休息一下 Let's have a rest. I'm so tired.（我们休息一下吧。我太累了。） have a try 试一试 You should have a try. Maybe you can do it.（你应该试一试。也许你能做到。） have a cough (患)咳嗽 He has a cough and needs to see a doctor.（他咳嗽了，需要去看医生。） have a picnic 举行野餐 We had a picnic by the lake last weekend.（上周末我们在湖边举行了野餐。） have a bath/shower 洗澡，淋浴 I usually have a shower before going to bed.（我通常在睡觉前洗个淋浴。） have a meal 吃一顿饭 We have three meals a day.（我们一天吃三顿饭。） have fun 玩得高兴 They had great fun at the amusement park.（他们在游乐园玩得很开心。） have nothing to do with 与……无关 This matter has nothing to do with me.（这件事与我无关。） have a cold 感冒 He has a cold and doesn't feel well.（他感冒了，感觉不舒服。） have a look 看一看 Let me have a look at your new dress.（让我看看你的新裙子。） have a seat 坐下，就座 Please have a seat. We'll start the meeting soon.（请就座。我们马上开始开会。） have a favor 劳驾，请您帮个忙 Have a favor. Could you pass me the book?（劳驾，你能把那本书递给我吗？） have a class 上课 We have a math class every morning.（我们每天早上都有一节数学课。） have a good time 玩得高兴 They had a good time at the party last night.（他们昨晚在派对上玩得很开心。） have something to do with 与……有关 This problem has something to do with what we learned yesterday.（这个问题与我们昨天学的内容有关。） keep词组 keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 The heavy rain kept us from going out.（大雨阻止了我们外出。） keep in touch with 与……保持联系 I keep in touch with my old friends by phone.（我通过电话和我的老朋友保持联系。） keep sth. in mind 记住(某事物) Keep these rules in mind when you play the game.（玩游戏时要记住这些规则。） keep (on) doing sth. 继续做某事 Keep (on) studying hard, and you'll succeed.（继续努力学习，你会成功的。） leave词组 leave for 动身去某地 He will leave for Beijing tomorrow.（他明天将动身去北京。） learn词组 learn from 向……学习 We should learn from each other.（我们应该互相学习。） listen词组 listen to 听…… Please listen to the teacher carefully.（请认真听老师讲课。） look词组 look after 照顾，照料 She can look after herself.（她能照顾好自己。） look at 看…… Look at the blackboard.（看黑板。） look for 寻找 He is looking for his lost keys.（他正在寻找他丢失的钥匙。） look forward to 期待，盼望 I'm looking forward to your reply.（我期待你的回复。） look into 调查，研究 The police are looking into the case.（警察正在调查这个案件。） look out 小心，留神 Look out! There is a car coming.（小心！有辆车来了。） look up 查阅；向上看 You can look up the word in the dictionary.（你可以在字典里查这个单词。） make词组 make a decision 做决定 You should make a decision as soon as possible.（你应该尽快做决定。） make a mistake 犯错误 Everyone may make a mistake.（每个人都可能犯错误。） make friends with 和……交朋友 I want to make friends with you.（我想和你交朋友。） make progress 取得进步 He has made great progress in English.（他在英语方面取得了很大进步。） make up 组成；编造；弥补；化妆 The team is made up of ten students.（这个团队由十名学生组成。） make up one's mind 下定决心 He has made up his mind to study abroad.（他已下定决心出国留学。） notice词组 notice sb. do sth. 注意到某人做了某事 I noticed him enter the room.（我注意到他进了房间。） notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事 I noticed him reading a book in the library.（我注意到他正在图书馆里看书。） pay词组 pay for 为……付款 You need to pay for the book.（你需要为这本书付款。） pick词组 pick up 捡起；接载；学会 He picked up a pen on the ground.（他在地上捡起一支钢笔。） point词组 point at 指着 Don't point at others with your finger.（不要用手指指着别人。） point out 指出 He pointed out my mistakes.（他指出了我的错误。） prevent词组 prevent...from... 阻止……做某事 The heavy rain prevented us from going out.（大雨阻止了我们外出。） refer词组 refer to 参考；涉及；指的是 When I said someone was lazy, I didn't refer to you.（当我说有人懒惰时，我不是指你。） remind词组 remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 This photo reminds me of my childhood.（这张照片让我想起了我的童年。） reply词组 reply to 回复 You should reply to his email in time.（你应该及时回复他的邮件。） run词组 run away 逃跑 The thief ran away quickly.（小偷很快就逃跑了。） run out of 用完，耗尽 We ran out of fuel.（我们把燃料用光了。） send词组 send for 派人去请；召唤 We should send for a doctor at once.（我们应该马上派人去请医生。） set词组 set off 出发；动身；引起 They will set off for the mountains tomorrow.（他们明天将出发去山区。） set up 建立；设立 They set up a new company last year.（他们去年成立了一家新公司。） show词组 show off 炫耀 Don't show off your new clothes.（别炫耀你的新衣服。） show sb. around 带领某人参观 I'll show you around our school.（我将带你参观我们学校。） shut词组 shut down 关闭；停工 The factory had to shut down because of the accident.（由于事故，工厂不得不关闭。） take词组 take after （外貌或行为）像 He takes after his father.（他长得像他父亲。） take away 拿走 Please take away these books.（请把这些书拿走。） take care of 照顾 You should take care of your parents when they are old.（你父母年老时你应该照顾他们。） take down 记下；拆除 Take down what the teacher said.（记下老师说的话。） take exercise 锻炼 You should take exercise every day.（你应该每天锻炼。） take off 起飞；脱下 The plane will take off in an hour.（飞机将在一小时后起飞。） take on 承担；呈现 He took on a new task.（他承担了一项新任务。） take out 拿出；取出 Take out your book.（拿出你的书。） take part in 参加 He took part in the sports meeting.（他参加了运动会。） take place 发生 The accident took place last night.（事故发生在昨晚。） take the place of 代替 Plastic has taken the place of many traditional materials.（塑料已经取代了许多传统材料。） talk词组 talk about 谈论 Let's talk about our plans for the weekend.（让我们谈谈我们周末的计划。） talk with/to 和……交谈 I talked with my teacher yesterday.（我昨天和我的老师谈过了。） think词组 think about 考虑 Think about this problem carefully.（仔细考虑这个问题。） think of 想起；认为 What do you think of this movie?（你认为这部电影怎么样？） wait词组 wait for 等待 I'm waiting for the bus.（我正在等公交车。） wake词组 wake up 醒来 I usually wake up at 6 o'clock.（我通常6点醒来。） work词组 work on 从事；致力于 He is working on a new project.（他正在从事一个新项目。） write词组 write down 写下 Write down your name on the paper.（在纸上写下你的名字。） 【即时训练】 1．My parents always ________ me whenever I am in need. A．supporting B．consider C．consider in D．support 【答案】D 【知识点】动词辨析、及物动词、谓语 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：每当我需要帮助的时候，我的父母总是支持我。A. supporting支持，现在分词或动名词；B. consider考虑，认为，动词原形；C. consider in (表达错误)；D. support支持，动词原形。根据“always”可知，动作是习惯性、反复发生的，需用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，此处为句子主句的谓语，句子表达“每当我需要帮助的时候，我的父母总是支持我。”，support符合要求。故选D。 2.They ________ the office at nine yesterday morning. A．reached to B．arrived C．went D．got to 【答案】D 【知识点】动词辨析、不及物动词 【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：他们昨天早上九点到达办公室。A. reached to无此固定表达，reach为及物动词，后直接跟地点名词；B. arrived达到，为不及物动词，arrive+in/at+地点名词；C. went去，为不及物动词，go+to+地点名词；D. got to到达，get为不及物动词，get+to+地点名词。本句空后“the office”是地点名词，故D项是正确的。故选D。 3. My parents can't ________ to buy a big house now, but they believe they will in the future. A. afford B. try C. plan D. want 【答案】A 【知识点】常跟to do的动词词组（afford to do sth.） 【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：我父母现在买不起大房子，但他们相信将来会买得起。A. afford负担得起，"afford to do sth."表示负担得起做某事，符合父母目前经济上无法购买大房子的语境；B. try尝试；C. plan计划；D. want想要，均不符合“买不起房子”的语境。故选A。 4. The teacher ________ us to finish the math problems in 20 minutes. A. asks B. talks C. lets D. makes 【答案】A 【知识点】常跟to do的动词词组（ask sb. to do sth.） 【详解】考查动词辨析和固定搭配。句意：老师要求我们在20分钟内完成数学题。A. asks要求，"ask sb. to do sth."表示要求某人做某事，符合老师对学生提出时间要求完成作业的语境；B. talks谈论，不接sb to do结构；C. lets让，常用"let sb. do sth."；D. makes使，让，常用"make sb. do sth."，后两者均接不带to的不定式 。故选A。 5. —Could you please ________ me clean the classroom? —Sure! No problem. A. help B. give C. let D. make 【答案】A 【知识点】常跟to do的动词词组（help (to) do sth.） 【详解】考查动词辨析和固定搭配。句意：——你能帮我打扫教室吗？——当然！没问题。A. help帮助，"help (to) do sth."表示帮助做某事，符合请求对方协助打扫教室的语境；B. give给，语义不符；C. let让，常用"let sb. do sth."；D. make使，让，常用"make sb. do sth."，后两者结构不符合此处语境。故选A。 6. —Did he come to your party last night? —No, he didn't. But he ________ to come. A. said B. promised C. kept D. considered 【答案】B 【知识点】常跟to do的动词词组（promise to do sth.） 【详解】考查动词辨析和固定搭配。句意：——他昨晚来参加你的派对了吗？——不，他没来。但他答应过要来的。A. said说，未体现答应之意；B. promised答应，"promise to do sth."表示答应做某事，符合他虽未到但曾承诺要来的语境；C. kept保持，坚持，后接doing；D. considered考虑，后接doing。故选B。 7. He studied hard, but still ________ to pass the English exam. He was very sad. A. failed B. missed C. lost D. didn't 【答案】A 【知识点】常跟to do的动词词组（fail to do sth.） 【详解】考查动词辨析和固定搭配。句意：他努力学习，但仍然未能通过英语考试。他非常伤心。A. failed未能，"fail to do sth."表示未能做某事，准确表达了他未通过考试的结果；B. missed错过；C. lost丢失，迷失；D. didn't没有，在表达未通过考试的语义上不如failed准确 。故选A。 8. When his mother came into the room, he ________ to be doing his homework. A. pretended B. enjoyed C. asked D. helped 【答案】A 【知识点】常跟to do的动词词组（pretend to do sth.） 【详解】考查动词辨析和固定搭配。句意：当他妈妈走进房间时，他假装正在做作业。A. pretended假装，"pretend to do sth."表示假装做某事，符合妈妈进房间时他做出写作业假象的语境；B. enjoyed喜欢，后接doing；C. asked要求；D. helped帮助，均不能准确表达“假装”的意思。故选A。 9. She ________ to accept the invitation because she had another important thing to do. A. refused B. decided C. chose D. expected 【答案】A 【知识点】常跟to do的动词词组（refuse to do sth.） 【详解】考查动词辨析和固定搭配。句意：她拒绝接受邀请，因为她有另一件重要的事情要做。A. refused拒绝，"refuse to do sth."表示拒绝做某事，符合她因有事而不接受邀请的语境；B. decided决定；C. chose选择；D. expected期望，语义不符。故选A。 10. — Why don't we buy that new smartphone? — We can't ______ to spend so much money right now. We should save it for emergencies. A. supply B. afford C. provide D. deliver 【答案】B 【知识点】词义辨析 & afford to do sth. 【详解】考查动词辨析和固定搭配。句意：——我们为什么不买那部新智能手机呢？——我们现在负担不起花这么多钱。我们应该把钱存起来以备不时之需。A. supply供应；B. afford负担得起，"afford to do sth."表示负担得起做某事，符合因资金问题不买手机的语境；C. provide提供；D. deliver递送，均与经济原因不购买手机的语义不符。故选B。 11. — What's the plan for the class project? — We all ______ to work on it together during the weekend. A. argued B. debated C. agreed D. discussed 【答案】C 【知识点】词义辨析 & agree to do sth. 【详解】考查动词辨析和固定搭配。句意：——班级项目的计划是什么？——我们都同意在周末一起做这个项目。A. argued争论；B. debated辩论；C. agreed同意，"agreed to do sth."表示同意做某事，体现了同学们达成周末共同完成项目的共识；D. discussed讨论，未突出“达成一致”的结果。故选C。 12. — Tom, what did the teacher say just now? — She ______ us to submit our science reports before Wednesday. A. taught B. showed C. asked D. explained 【答案】C 【知识点】词义辨析 & ask sb. to do sth. 【详解】考查动词辨析和固定搭配。句意：——汤姆，老师刚才说什么了？——她要求我们在周三前提交科学报告。A. taught教；B. showed展示；C. asked要求，"ask sb. to do sth."表示要求某人做某事，符合老师要求学生按时交报告的语境；D. explained解释，均不符合该结构和语义。故选C。 13. — Do you think we'll win the basketball game? — We ______ to win, but the other team is very strong. A. doubted B. wondered C. expected D. questioned 【答案】C 【知识点】词义辨析 & expect to do sth. 【详解】考查动词辨析和固定搭配。句意：——你认为我们会赢得篮球比赛吗？——我们期望获胜，但另一支球队非常强大。A. doubted怀疑；B. wondered想知道；C. expected期待，"expected to do sth."表示期待做某事，符合对比赛结果抱有期望的语境；D. questioned质疑，均与“期待获胜”语义不符。故选C。 14. — What does your brother like to do in his free time? — He enjoys ______ model planes. He has a whole collection. A. make B. makes C. making D. to make 【答案】C 【知识点】enjoy doing sth. 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：——你哥哥在空闲时间喜欢做什么？——他喜欢制作模型飞机。他有一整套收藏。enjoy后接动名词作宾语，“enjoy making model planes”表示喜欢制作模型飞机，故选C。 15. — I'm so tired. I don't want to continue cleaning the room. — Come on! You should finish ______ it before you go to bed. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 【答案】C 【知识点】finish doing sth. 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：——我太累了。我不想继续打扫房间了。——加油！你应该在睡觉前完成打扫。finish后接动名词作宾语，“finish cleaning”表示完成打扫，故选C。 16. My mother always asks me to give up ______ computer games too much. It's bad for my eyes. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 【答案】C 【知识点】give up doing sth. 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：我妈妈总是让我放弃玩太多电脑游戏。这对我的眼睛有害。give up后接动名词作宾语，“give up playing computer games”表示放弃玩电脑游戏，故选C。 17. The little girl can't help ______ when she sees her favorite toy. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing D. laughed 【答案】C 【知识点】can't help doing sth. 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：这个小女孩看到她最喜欢的玩具时情不自禁地笑了。“can't help doing sth.”表示情不自禁做某事，所以用laughing，故选C。 18. — Do you mind ______ the window? It's a bit hot in here. — Of course not. Go ahead. A. open B. to open C. opening D. opened 【答案】C 【知识点】mind doing sth. 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：——你介意打开窗户吗？这里有点热。——当然不介意。开吧。mind后接动名词作宾语，“mind opening the window”表示介意打开窗户，故选C。 19. The students have fun ______ English songs at the English party. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sang 【答案】C 【知识点】have fun (in) doing sth. 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：学生们在英语派对上唱英语歌曲玩得很开心。“have fun (in) doing sth.”表示做某事有乐趣，这里用singing，故选C。 20. I'm considering ______ a new hobby to make my life more colorful. A. take up B. to take up C. taking up D. took up 【答案】C 【知识点】consider doing sth. 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：我正在考虑培养一种新的爱好，让我的生活更丰富多彩。consider后接动名词作宾语，“consider taking up a new hobby”表示考虑培养一种新爱好，故选C。 21. The teacher made Tom ______ the text again because he didn't recite it well. A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads 【答案】A 【知识点】make sb. do sth. 【详解】考查使役动词用法。句意：老师让汤姆再读一遍课文，因为他背诵得不好。make是使役动词，“make sb. do sth.”表示让某人做某事，所以用read，故选A。 22. — Why do you look so tired? — I spent the whole night ______ my project. A. work on B. to work on C. working on D. worked on 【答案】C 【知识点】spend some time (in) doing sth. 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：——你为什么看起来这么累？——我花了整晚时间做我的项目。“spend some time (in) doing sth.”表示花费时间做某事，这里用working on，故选C。 23. My father insists on ______ every morning to keep healthy. A. exercise B. to exercise C. exercising D. exercised 【答案】C 【知识点】insist on doing sth. 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：我父亲坚持每天早上锻炼以保持健康。insist on后接动名词作宾语，“insist on exercising”表示坚持锻炼，故选C。 24. I prefer ______ books rather than ______ TV in my free time. A. read; watch B. reading; watching C. to read; watch D. to read; to watch 【答案】C 【知识点】prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：在空闲时间，我更喜欢读书而不是看电视。“prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.”表示喜欢做……胜过做……，所以第一空用to read，第二空用watch，故选C。 25. The heavy snow kept us from ______ out to play. A. go B. to go C. going D. went 【答案】C 【知识点】keep sb. from doing sth. 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：大雪阻止了我们出去玩。“keep sb. from doing sth.”表示阻止某人做某事，这里用going，故选C。 26. — Do you ______ the idea of going on a picnic this weekend? — Yes, it sounds great! A. agree with B. agree to C. agree on D. agree at 【答案】B 【知识点】agree词组（agree to） 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——你同意这个周末去野餐的想法吗？——是的，听起来很棒！A. agree with 同意某人；B. agree to 同意（计划、安排、想法等）；C. agree on 就某事达成协议；D. agree at 无此搭配。此处“the idea of going on a picnic”属于计划想法，应用“agree to”。故选B。 27. The old bridge ______ under the weight of the heavy truck. A. broke down B. broke in C. broke out D. broke the law 【答案】A 【知识点】break词组（break down） 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这座旧桥在重型卡车的重压下坍塌了。A. broke down 破坏，粉碎；出故障；此处指桥梁坍塌 ；B. broke in 闯进；打断；C. broke out 爆发；D. broke the law 违反法律。根据“under the weight of the heavy truck”可知，桥梁因重压损坏，用“broke down”。故选A。 28. We ______ our grandparents' house during our trip to the countryside. A. called at B. called on C. called back D. called for 【答案】A 【知识点】call词组（call at） 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们在乡村旅行时拜访了祖父母家。A. called at 拜访（后接地点）；B. called on 拜访（后接被拜访的对象）；号召；C. called back 回电话；D. called for 邀请；要求。根据“our grandparents' house”可知，此处表示拜访某地，用“called at”。故选A。 29. The truth about the mystery ______ after years of investigation. A. came out B. came along C. came down D. came into 【答案】A 【知识点】come词组（come out） 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：经过多年调查，这个谜团的真相终于大白了。A. came out （消息、真相）为人所知；出版；B. came along 一道来；C. came down 倒塌；降下来；D. came into 进入。根据“The truth about the mystery”可知，此处指真相被公开，用“came out”。故选A。 30. Please don't ______ when I'm speaking. Wait for your turn. A. cut in B. cut down C. cut off D. cut out 【答案】A 【知识点】cut词组（cut in） 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我说话的时候请不要插嘴。等轮到你。A. cut in 插嘴；B. cut down 砍倒；削减；C. cut off 切断；中断；D. cut out 裁剪；删除。根据语境可知，此处指不要打断别人说话，用“cut in”。故选A。 31. She ______ her friends' house when she was in the area. A. dropped by B. dropped behind C. dropped off D. dropped out 【答案】A 【知识点】drop词组（drop by） 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她在那个区域的时候顺便拜访了朋友家。A. dropped by 顺便来访；B. dropped behind 落后，落伍；C. dropped off 减少；下车；D. dropped out 辍学；退出。根据“her friends' house”可知，此处表示顺路拜访，用“dropped by”。故选A。 32. The runner ______ in the last lap of the race. A. fell behind B. fell ill C. fell into D. fell in love with 【答案】A 【知识点】fall词组（fall behind） 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这名跑步者在比赛的最后一圈落后了。A. fell behind 落在后面；B. fell ill 生病；C. fell into 陷入；养成；D. fell in love with 爱上。根据“in the last lap of the race”可知，此处指比赛中落后，用“fell behind”。故选A。 33. — How are you ______ with your new roommates? — Very well. We share many hobbies. A. getting on B. getting up C. getting back D. getting down 【答案】A 【知识点】get词组（get on/along(well) with） 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——你和新室友相处得怎么样？——很好。我们有很多共同爱好。A. getting on 与某人相处（融洽）；B. getting up 起床；C. getting back 回去；D. getting down 下来。根据“with your new roommates”可知，此处询问相处情况，用“getting on”。故选A。 34. The price of gasoline ______ again last month. A. went up B. went down C. went out D. went against 【答案】A 【知识点】go词组（go up） 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：上个月汽油价格又上涨了。A. went up 上升；攀登；B. went down 下沉；下跌；下降；C. went out 出去 ；熄灭；D. went against 违背。根据语境可知，此处指价格上升，用“went up”。故选A。 35. She decided to ______ all her old clothes to charity. A. give up B. give off C. give away D. give in 【答案】C 【知识点】give词组（give away） 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她决定把所有旧衣服捐赠给慈善机构。A. give up 放弃；B. give off 放出、发出（气体、气味等）；C. give away 泄露；赠送；D. give in 屈服，让步，投降。根据“to charity”可知，此处表示捐赠衣物，用“give away”。故选C。 36. Let's ______ for a while. We've been working non - stop. A. have a rest B. have a try C. have a cough D. have a picnic 【答案】A 【知识点】have词组（have a rest） 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们休息一会儿吧。我们一直在不停地工作。A. have a rest 休息一下；B. have a try 试一试；C. have a cough （患）咳嗽；D. have a picnic 举行野餐。根据“We've been working non - stop”可知，此处指需要休息，用“have a rest”。故选A。 37. We should ______ our friends when they are in trouble. A. keep in touch with B. keep away from C. keep up with D. keep off 【答案】A 【知识点】keep词组（keep in touch with） 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当朋友遇到困难时，我们应该和他们保持联系。A. keep in touch with 与……保持联系；B. keep away from 远离；C. keep up with 跟上；D. keep off 避开。根据语境可知，此处指在朋友困难时保持联络，用“keep in touch with”。故选A。 38. They will ______ London next week to attend a conference. A. leave for B. leave behind C. leave out D. leave off 【答案】A 【知识点】leave词组（leave for） 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们下周将动身前往伦敦参加一个会议。A. leave for 动身去某地；B. leave behind 留下；遗留；C. leave out 遗漏；省去；D. leave off 停止；戒除。根据“London”可知，此处表示出发前往某地，用“leave for”。故选A。 39. We should ______ the heroes who sacrificed for our country. A. learn from B. learn about C. learn by D. learn with 【答案】A 【知识点】learn词组（learn from） 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们应该向为国家牺牲的英雄们学习。A. learn from 向……学习；B. learn about 了解；C. learn by 通过……学习；D. learn with 和……一起学习。根据“the heroes who sacrificed for our country”可知，此处指以英雄为榜样学习，用“learn from”。故选A。 40. ______ the teacher carefully and take notes. A. Listen to B. Listen in C. Listen for D. Listen up 【答案】A 【知识点】listen词组（listen to） 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：认真听老师讲课并做好笔记。A. Listen to 听……；B. Listen in 监听；偷听；C. Listen for 留心听；等着听；D. Listen up 听好了（引起注意）。根据“the teacher”可知，此处指听老师讲课，用“Listen to”。故选A。 41. — Who did you ______ at the school gate yesterday? — I ______ an old classmate I hadn't seen for years. A. look for; came across B. look at; came along C. look after; came down D. look into; came back 【答案】A 【知识点】look词组（look for） & come词组（come across） 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——你昨天在学校门口找谁？——我偶然遇到了一个多年没见的老同学。A. look for 寻找；came across 偶然遇到；B. look at 看；came along 一道来；C. look after 照顾；came down 倒塌；降下来；D. look into 调查；came back 回来。根据语境，第一空问“寻找谁”，用“look for”；第二空表示“偶然遇到老同学”，用“came across”。故选A。 42. The manager asked us to ______ a new plan to increase sales. A. make up B. make out C. make for D. make over 【答案】A 【知识点】make词组（make up） 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：经理让我们编一个提高销售额的新计划。A. make up 组成；编造；弥补；化妆，此处表示“编造计划” ；B. make out 辨认出；理解；C. make for 走向；有助于；D. make over 改造；转让。根据“a new plan”可知，应是“编造计划”，用“make up”。故选A。 43. You need to ______ the book before you leave the bookshop. A. pay for B. pay off C. pay back D. pay out 【答案】A 【知识点】pay词组（pay for） 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在你离开书店前，你需要为这本书付款。A. pay for 为……付款；B. pay off 还清（债务）；C. pay back 偿还；报复；D. pay out 付出（巨款）。根据语境，此处指“为书付款”，用“pay for”。故选A。 44. She ______ a pen from the floor and handed it to the teacher. A. picked out B. picked up C. picked off D. picked over 【答案】B 【知识点】pick词组（pick up） 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她从地上捡起一支笔，然后交给了老师。A. picked out 挑选；辨认出；B. picked up 捡起；接载；学会，此处表示“捡起笔” ；C. picked off 摘掉；逐个射杀；D. picked over 仔细检查；筛选。根据“from the floor”可知，应是“捡起”，用“picked up”。故选B。 45. The heavy rain ______ us ______ going to the beach. A. prevented...from B. protected...from C. prepared...for D. provided...with 【答案】A 【知识点】prevent词组（prevent...from...） 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：大雨阻止了我们去海滩。A. prevented...from 阻止……做某事；B. protected...from 保护……免受；C. prepared...for 为……做准备；D. provided...with 给……提供。根据语境，大雨应是“阻止”我们去海滩，用“prevented...from”。故选A。 46. Have you ______ your friend's invitation to the party? A. replied to B. reacted to C. reduced to D. resulted in 【答案】A 【知识点】reply词组（reply to） 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你回复朋友参加派对的邀请了吗？A. replied to 回复；B. reacted to 对……做出反应；C. reduced to 减少到；沦为；D. resulted in 导致。根据“invitation”可知，此处应是“回复邀请”，用“replied to”。故选A。 47. The tour guide will ______ us ______ the famous museum. A. show...around B. show...off C. show...up D. show...in 【答案】A 【知识点】show词组（show sb. around） 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：导游将领我们参观著名的博物馆。A. show...around 带领某人参观；B. show...off 炫耀；C. show...up 出现；使难堪；D. show...in 领进（客人）。根据语境，导游应是“带领我们参观博物馆”，用“show...around”。故选A。 48. I usually ______ at 6:30 in the morning and start my day. A. wake up B. wake out C. wake on D. wake over 【答案】A 【知识点】wake词组（wake up） 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我通常早上6:30醒来，开始新的一天。A. wake up 醒来；B. wake out 无此搭配；C. wake on 无此搭配；D. wake over 无此搭配。根据“at 6:30 in the morning”可知，此处指每天早上睡醒，用“wake up”。故选A。 【知识点清单二】系动词的用法 【要点精讲】 系动词不可单独做谓语，后面必须跟表语构成系表结构（主语+系动词+表语）。 具体类别 常用例词 例 句 状态系动词 be She is a smart shopper. （她是一个聪明的购物者。） 持续系动词 keep, remain, stay The dialogue remains friendly. （对话仍然是友好的。） 表象系动词 seem, appear He seems (to be) unhappy. （他似乎不高兴了。） 感官系动词 look, feel, smell, taste, sound The dish smells delicious. （饭菜闻起来很香。） 变化系动词 become, turn, get, grow The leaves turn green. （树叶变绿了。） 终止系动词 prove（证明）, turn out（结果是） His plan turned out a success. （他的计划终于成功了。） 【即时训练】 1.Gabriela and Roberto ________ single. A．is B．am C．are D．be 【答案】C 【知识点】语法一致、系动词be 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：加布里埃拉和罗伯特都是单身。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少谓语动词。主语是“Gabriela and Roberto”，是两个人，复数意义，所以系动词用are。故选C。 2.The weather in Kunming ______ warm all year round. A. gets B. remains C. becomes D. turns 【答案】B 【知识点】持续系动词、动词辨析 【详解】考查系动词词义辨析。句意：昆明的天气终年保持温暖。A. gets 变得，通常表示渐变；B. remains 保持，强调某种状态的持续；C. becomes 变成，强调状态的变化；D. turns 转变，通常指颜色、性质等方面的变化。根据 “all year round” 可知，这里强调天气一直保持温暖的状态，B 选项符合题意。故选 B。 3.The little girl ______ very nervous when she stood on the stage. A. seems B. seemed C. is seeming D. seem 【答案】B 【知识点】表象系动词辨析、动词时态 【详解】考查表象系动词用法及时态。句意：这个小女孩站在舞台上时看起来非常紧张。根据 “stood” 可知，句子时态为一般过去时，seem 的过去式为 seemed，排除 A（一般现在时单数）、C（现在进行时错误用法，seem 通常不用于进行时）、D（一般现在时复数），故选 B。 4.The dish ________ good. Would you like to have some? A．feels B．smells C．touches D．sounds 【答案】B 【知识点】感官系动词、动词辨析 【详解】考查系动词词义辨析。句意：这道菜闻着不错。你想来点吗？A. feels感觉起来，摸起来； B. smells闻起来；C. touches触摸；D. sounds听起来。分析句子结构和选项可知，句子想要表达的意思是“这道菜闻起来不错。你想来点吗”，所以B选项符合题意。故选B。 5.As the sun set, the sky ______ darker and darker. A. becomes B. turned C. gets D. grow 【答案】B 【知识点】变化系动词辨析、动词时态 【详解】考查变化系动词用法及时态。句意：随着太阳落山，天空变得越来越暗。根据 “set” 可知，句子时态为一般过去时，排除 A（一般现在时单数）、C（一般现在时单数）、D（动词原形）；turned（turn 的过去式）表示颜色、状态的变化，符合语境，故选 B。 6.The experiment ______ to be more difficult than we expected. A. proves B. is turned out C. turned out D. prove 【答案】C 【知识点】终止系动词 【详解】考查终止系动词的用法。句意：这个实验结果比我们预期的要困难得多。“prove” 和 “turn out” 都可表示 “结果是；证明是”，是终止系动词。根据 “expected” 可知，句子是在描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时。A 选项 “proves” 是一般现在时第三人称单数形式，D 选项 “prove” 是原形，均不符合时态要求；B 选项 “is turned out” 是被动语态，“turn out” 没有被动形式，该选项错误；C 选项 “turned out” 是 “turn out” 的过去式，符合句子的时态和语境，故选 C。 【知识点清单三】助动词的用法 【要点精讲】 助动词在句中不能独立做谓语，而是和行为动词一起构成谓语，本身没有含义，仅用于帮助行为动词构成时态、语态、否定句、疑问句和强调句等。 分类 例词 例句 基本助动词 be, do, have I am a student.（我是一名学生。） Do you like reading books?（你喜欢读书吗？） I have finished my work.（我已经完成了我的工作。） 半助动词 be going to, had better He is going to visit his grandparents this weekend.（他打算这个周末去看望他的祖父母。） You had better wear warm clothes. It's cold outside.（你最好穿暖和的衣服。外面很冷。） 【即时训练】 1.—A number of singers ________ arriving at Baiyun Airport. —________ exciting news it is. A．is; How B．are; What a C．are; What D．is; How a 【答案】C 【知识点】what引导的感叹句、语法一致、be作助动词 【详解】考查主谓一致性及感叹句。句意：— 一些歌手正在抵达白云机场。— 这是一个多么激动人心的消息。第一空，根据现在分词“arriving”可知是现在进行时（am/is/are+动词现在分词），“A number of +可数名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用复数，此处助动词应用are；第二空，分析结构可知是感叹句，感叹句中心词是“news”，不可数名词，符合感叹句句型“What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语+其它！”，故用“What”引导感叹句。故选C。 2.This is a reading room. ________ speak loudly, please. A．Don’t B．Don’t be C．No D．Not 【答案】A 【知识点】do作助动词、否定形式 【详解】考查否定祈使句。句意：这是一个阅览室。请不要大声说话。分析句子，结合选项可知，设空处句子是否定祈使句，省略了主语you，“speak”是动词原形，表示否定在动词原形前加don’t。故选A。 3.Tom has never been to Canada, ________ he? A．has B．hasn’t C．is D．isn’t 【答案】A 【知识点】反意疑问句、have作助动词 【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：汤姆从未去过加拿大，是吗？反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原则。根据“Tom has never been to Canada”可知，句子是现在完成时，句中的“never”表示否定意义，前半句是否定句，空处应用肯定形式has。故选A。 4.Either he or she _____ going to take part in the National Vocational Skill Competition. A．are B．do C．is D．Does 【答案】C 【知识点】一般将来时、就近一致、be作助动词 【详解】考查be作助动词和就近一致。句意：他或她将参加国家职业技能竞赛。短语be going to意为“将要，打算做某事”，此处应用be作助动词；主语为“either...or...”连接的并列结构，谓语应与靠近谓语的主语保持一致，be动词应用is。故选C。 5.The bus is too crowded, I think we ________. A．have better to walk home B．had better to walk home C．have better walk home D．had better walk home 【答案】D 【知识点】had better (not)的用法、动词短语 【详解】考查动词短语搭配。句意：公共汽车太挤了，我想我们最好步行回家。“had better”是一个固定短语，意为“最好”，其后接动词原形。故选D。 【知识点清单四】情态动词的用法 【要点精讲】 1.情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为“可能”“应当”“必要”等。 情态动词分类 推测性用法 示例 非推测性用法 示例 can/could 通常用在否定句和疑问句，can’t表示不可能。could表示推测时可能性小于can，可用在肯定/否定/疑问句中。 —Can the news be true? —It can’t be true. （对现在的推测） He couldn’t be over fifty. He looks energetic. （对现在的推测，could此时不表示过去，表示可能性的强弱） can/could可以表示能力、许可、请求 He could speak a little Russian when he was young. （他很小时就能说一些俄语了。） You can go now. （你可以走了。） Could you please lend me you dictionary?（你能借给我你的词典吗？） can/could当表示客观存在的可能性时，用在肯定句。 Anybody can make mistakes. 谁都可能犯错误。 当表示请求时，could比can语气委婉，提问可以用could, 回答不用could而用can —Could I come here again tomorrow?（明天我能再来一次吗？） —Yes, you can. /No, I’m afraid not.（是的，你可以）。/（不，恐怕不行。） may/might may/might表示推测，用在肯/否句，might可能性更小。 That may or may not be true. (这可能是真的，也可能不是。) He might come tonight for the party, but I’m not sure.(他今晚可能会来参加聚会，但我不确定。) 表示“可以”“允许” —May I watch TV after supper?(晚饭后我可以看电视吗？) —Yes, you may. /Yes, please.(可以，您可以。/请。) —No, you may not./No, you can’t/mustn’t./you’d better not. / I’m afraid not.(不，你不能。/你不准/你最好别去。/恐怕不行。 He said that I might use the telephone. （他说我可以打电话。） may表示祝愿（不能用might） May you enjoy yourself！（祝你玩得开心！） must/have to 表推测，表示“一定” —The man in black must be Tom. （穿黑色衣服的一定是汤姆。）—No, it can’t be Tom. （不，不可能是汤姆。） 意思是“必须”，表示说话人的主观看法，其否定式是mustn’t，表示“不许”“一定不要、禁止”。 I must go now.（我现在必须走了。） Must I clean the blackboard now? （我必须现在擦黑板吗？） Yes, you must. （是的，你必须。） No, you needn’t. /you don’t have to. （不，你不必。） You mustn’t park your car here. （你禁止把车停这儿。） have to表示的是客观需要。have to比must有更多的时态形式。 I have to go now. Someone is waiting for me.（我得走了，有人在等我。） shall / / 在疑问句中，情态动词shall用来征求对方意见或请求指示，用于第一、三人称。 Shall we start now?（我们现在开始吗？） shall表示命令、警告、承诺、威胁时用在第二、三人称，用于陈述句中。 You shall get what you want if you behave well. （如果你表现好，你就会得到你想要的。） He shall be punished if he breaks the law. （他若违法，应受惩罚。） should/ought to should 表示推测。 Mary studies hard and she should pass the exam.（玛丽学习很努力，她应该能通过考试。） should表示“劝告”“建议”“义务”“责任”，意思是“应该”。ought to表示“应该” “应当”，相当于should，无人称和数的变化，否定形式为ought not to，其疑问式为Ought I/you to…? You should help your mother with the housework. （你应该帮你母亲做家务。） You ought to take care of yourself. （你应该照顾好自己。） will / / will表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求，用在疑问句中，用于第二人称。 Will you go with me?（你愿意和我一起去吗？） will表示“意愿”“意志”，可译为“愿意”，用于多种人称。于第二人称。 We will help him if he asks us to.（如果他要我们帮忙，我们会帮助他的。） would / / would 表示意愿或向对方提出请求，比will语气委婉。 Would you mind holding the handle for me?（你能帮我拿一下把手吗？） need / / 作为情态动词用在否定句和疑问句中。没有人称和数的变化，否定形式为needn’t —Need you go?（你需要去吗？）—No, I needn’t. （不，我不必去。） dare / / dare 表示“敢于做某事”通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中，后接动词原形，没有人称和数的变化，过去式是 “dared”。， I dare not mention their names. （我不敢提他们的名字。） If you dare say that again, I'll punish you.（如果你敢再那样说，我就惩罚你。） 2.辨析：can和be able to 词 用法 示例 can/could 现在具有的能力用can，过去具有的能力用could He is only four , but he can speak two foreign languages. （现在具备的能力） be able to be able to强调经过一些努力后具备的能力或成功地做了某事情。 则有更多的时态，通常用在一般现在时、一般过去时或一般将来时等时态中 He was able to climb to the top of the mountain last year though he was only five. （成功地做了某事） 3.情态动词+have done的用法 用法类型 情态动词 + have done 详细情况 具体用法 例句 推测性用法 must have done 对过去发生的事情进行肯定推测，意为“一定做了某事” He must have missed the bus, because he is usually on time but now he's late.（他一定是没赶上公交车，因为他通常很准时，可现在迟到了。） can/could have done（否定和疑问） 否定句中，对过去发生的事情进行否定推测，意为“不可能做了某事”；疑问句中，用于询问过去可能发生的事 She can't have gone to the party. I saw her at the library just now.（她不可能去参加派对了。我刚才还在图书馆看到她了。） Can he have stolen the money?（他有可能偷了那笔钱吗？） may/might have done 对过去发生的事情进行可能性推测，“might”比“may”的可能性更小，意为“也许/可能做了某事”；否定句中，表示过去可能没做某事，“might not”语气更弱 He may have gone home.（他也许已经回家了。） They might not have received our message.（他们可能没收到我们的消息。） 非推测性用法 can/could have done（肯定） 表示过去本来有能力做某事却没做，有惋惜、遗憾的意味 You could have passed the exam if you had studied harder.（如果你当时更努力学习，本可以通过考试的。） should/ought to have done 表示过去本应该做某事却没做，有责备、批评的含义 You should have told me the truth earlier.（你本应该早点告诉我真相的。） needn't have done 表示过去本不必做某事却做了，有浪费精力、做了多余之事的意思 You needn't have cooked so much food. There are only a few of us.（你本不必做这么多食物的。我们只有几个人。） 【即时训练】 1.The speaker tried hard, but he ________ still succeed in making his idea clear. A．could B．wouldn’t C．would D．couldn’t 【答案】D 【知识点】can/could表示能力、动词辨析 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：说话者努力尝试，但是他仍然不能成功地把他的想法说清楚。A. could能，可以表达能力；B. wouldn’t不会；C. would将；D. couldn’t不能，可以表示没能力。根据“The speaker tried hard (说话者努力尝试)”可知，已经努力尝试了，“but”表示转折，所以应是没有成功做到，表示没有能力应用couldn’t。故选D。 2.—I heard that I can take the book out? —Don’t be fooled by that. It ________ be true. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．won’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】A 【知识点】can/could表示推测 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：—我听说我可以把书带出去？—不要被那个愚弄了。它不可能是真的。A. can’t不可能；B. mustn’t禁止；C. won’t将不会；D. shouldn’t不应该。根据“Don’t be fooled by that.”可知，告诫对方不要被愚弄了，所以这里表示“可以把书带出去”的说法不可能是真的。故选A。 3.—Could I go to the movie this weekend, Dad? —Yes, you ________. But you have to come back before nine. A．shall B．must C．need D．can 【答案】D 【知识点】can/could表示请求 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：—爸爸，这个周末我能去看电影吗？—是的，你可以。但是你必须在九点之前回来。A. shall将会；B. must必须；C. need需要；D. can可以。根据“Yes”可知，此处表示可以去看电影，问句中“Could”表示一种委婉的请求，肯定回答应用can。故选D。 4.________ I ________ your pen? I forgot to bring mine. A．May; used B．Must; used C．Must; use D．May; use 【答案】D 【知识点】谓语、may/might表示“许可” 【详解】考查情态动词及谓语动词。句意：我可以使用你的钢笔吗？我忘记带我的钢笔了。may表示许可；must必须。分析句子可知，此句是表示请求，所以第一空应是may，由于情态动词后是动词原形，所以第二空是use。故选D。 5.—Where is Mom now? —I’m not sure. She _________ be in the kitchen. A．shall B．may C．need D．must 【答案】B 【知识点】may/might表示推测 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：一妈妈现在在哪里？一我不确定。她可能在厨房里。A. shall将要；B. may可能；C. need需要；D. must必须。根据“I’m not sure.”可知，此处表示可能性。故选B。 6.—Must I finish the composition in class? —No, you ________. You can finish it this evening. A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．won’t D．can’t 【答案】A 【知识点】must表示命令、要求、need的用法 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——我必须在课堂上完成作文吗？——不，你不必。你可以今天晚上完成。A. needn’t不必；B. mustn’t严禁；C. won’t不会；D. can’t不能。根据“No”可知，此处回答must的提问，用needn’t，表示不需要，不必要。故选A。 7.—Who is in the library? —It ________ be John. He loves reading. A．could B．will C．would D．must 【答案】D 【知识点】must表示推测、动词辨析 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：—谁在图书馆？— 一定是约翰。他喜欢读书。A. could可能（表示无把握的肯定推测）；B. will将；C. would是will的过去式；D. must一定（表示有把握的肯定推测）。根据“He loves reading.”可知，此处推测有理有据，十分有把握，must符合语境。故选D。 8.However, our phones ________ occupy all our time. A．mustn’t B．can’t C．may not D．shouldn’t 【答案】D 【知识点】动词辨析、should的用法 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：然而，我们的手机不应该占据我们所有的时间。A. mustn’t禁止；B. can’t不能；C. may not可能不；D. shouldn’t不应该。根据句意可知，不应该让手机占据全部时间。故选D。 9.People liked O. Henry’s stories, because simple as the tales were, they ________ finish with a sudden change at the end, to the readers’ surprise. A．could B．would C．might D．must 【答案】B 【知识点】would的用法 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：人们喜欢欧・亨利的故事，因为尽管故事很简单，但它们总是在结尾处有一个突如其来的变化，令读者感到惊讶。A. could可以；B. would将会；C. might也许；D. must必须。根据句意可知，人们喜欢欧・亨利的故事，因为尽管故事很简单，但它们总是在结尾处有一个突如其来的变化，令读者感到惊讶。这种结尾的变化是欧・亨利故事的一个特点和惯常模式，用“would”能很好地体现这种过去经常出现的情况。故选B。 10.—Don’t tell anyone about this, Kitty? —OK, ________. I’ll keep it ________. A．I will; for me B．I won’t; to myself C．I will; to myself D．I won’t; for me 【答案】B 【知识点】will的用法、动词短语 【详解】考查否定祈使句的回答及动词短语。句意：—别告诉任何人这件事，凯蒂？—好的，我不会说的。我会保密的。根据“Don’t tell anyone about this, Kitty?”以及“OK”可知，回答应该是“我不会”，应用“I won’t.”；动词短语“keep sth to oneself”意为“保守秘密，不把……告诉别人”，固定短语。故选B。 11.You _____keep the water running all the time, because you’re wasting water. A．ought to B．ought not C．not ought D．ought not to 【答案】D 【知识点】ought (not) to的用法 【详解】试题分析：句意：你不应该一直让水流动着，因为你在浪费水。ought to 应该，ought not to不应该。结合句意，故选D。 12.—Must I hand in my homework after class? —No, you _______. A．may not B．can’t C．won’t D．needn’t 【答案】D 【知识点】need的用法 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：—我必须课后交作业吗？—不，你不必。A. may not不可以（表不允许）；B. can’t不能（表不允许）；C. won’t不愿意；D. needn’t不必（侧重必要性）。根据“Must I hand in my homework after class? (我必须课后交作业吗？)”可知，must引导的一般疑问句，侧重必要性，否定回答常用needn’t或don’t have to。故选D。 13.We ________ to book it in advance. A．to have B．have C．has D．having 【答案】B 【知识点】have to的用法、语法一致 【详解】考查情态动词和主谓一致。句意：我们必须提前预订。“have to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“必须做某事，不得不做某事”，主语“We”是复数，故用have。故选B。 14.Tom didn't answer the phone. He ______ fallen asleep already. A. must B. can C. must have D. could have 【答案】C 【知识点】must have done 表对过去的肯定推测 【详解】考查情态动词 + have done 的推测用法。句意：汤姆没接电话。他一定已经睡着了。根据 “didn't answer the phone” 可知，此处是对过去发生事情的肯定推测，应用 must have done 结构；can/could have done 用于否定或疑问，排除 B、D 选项；must 后直接加动词原形不能表过去推测，排除 A 选项，故选 C。 15.The door was locked. She ______ left the house. A. can't have B. mustn't have C. may not have D. needn't have 【答案】A 【知识点】can't have done 表对过去的否定推测 【详解】考查情态动词 + have done 的推测用法。句意：门是锁着的。她不可能离开家。根据 “The door was locked” 可知，此处是对过去发生事情的否定推测，应用 can't have done 结构；mustn't 不能用于推测，may not have 表示 “可能没”，语气较弱，needn't have done 表示 “本不必做却做了”，均不符合语境，故选 A。 16.They ______ not ______ heard the news yet. Let's tell them. A. must; have B. might; have C. need; have D. should; have 【答案】B 【知识点】might not have done 表过去可能没做某事 【详解】考查情态动词 + have done 的推测用法。句意：他们可能还没听到这个消息。我们告诉他们吧。根据 “yet” 及 “Let's tell them” 可知，此处表示过去可能没发生的事情，应用 might not have done 结构；must not have done 表达错误，needn't have done 表 “本不必做却做了”，should have done 表 “本应该做却没做”，均不符合语境，故选 B。 17.She ______ joined the club last year, but she was too busy. A. can have B. could have C. may have D. needn't have 【答案】B 【知识点】could have done 表过去本有能力却未做 【详解】考查情态动词 + have done 的非推测用法。句意：她去年本可以加入俱乐部的，但她太忙了。根据 “but she was too busy” 可知，此处表示过去有能力加入却因忙碌未做，应用 could have done 结构；can have done 用于否定或疑问，may have done 表可能性推测，needn't have done 表 “本不必做却做了”，均不符合语境，故选 B。 18.Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn't show up. A．should have arrived B．should arrive C．should have had arrived D．should be arriving 【答案】A 【知识点】should(ought to) have done的用法 【详解】试题分析：句意：怀特先生本来应该在8：30到会，但他却没有出现。should have done：本来应该做某事而实际上没做。故选A。 19.He ______ studied harder for the test. Now he regrets his laziness. A. ought to have B. could have C. may have D. needn't have 【答案】A 【知识点】ought to have done 表过去本应该做却未做 【详解】考查情态动词 + have done 的非推测用法。句意：他本应该为考试更努力学习的。现在他后悔自己的懒惰。根据 “regrets his laziness” 可知，此处表示过去本应该做某事却未做，ought to have done 与 should have done 同义，符合语境；could have done 表 “本有能力却未做”，may have done 表可能性推测，needn't have done 表 “本不必做却做了”，均不符合语境，故选 A。 20.You ______ bought so many snacks. We already have enough. A. mustn't have B. couldn't have C. needn't have D. shouldn't have 【答案】C 【知识点】needn't have done 表过去本不必做却做了 【详解】考查情态动词 + have done 的非推测用法。句意：你本不必买这么多零食的。我们已经足够了。根据 “We already have enough” 可知，此处表示过去做了不必要的事，应用 needn't have done 结构；mustn't 不能用于推测，couldn't have done 表否定推测，shouldn't have done 表 “本不应该做却做了”，均不符合语境，故选 C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$