专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（山东专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末真题分类汇编

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 1.（23-24高一下·山东潍坊·期末） Killer whales are mama’s boys. A son will follow his mother, taking bits of fish and other food, throughout his life, even as his sisters grow up and have babies of their own. This neediness comes at a significant cost to mom, who gives up having additional children to look after her boy, according to a new study. Michael Weiss has observed the mother-son bond in killer whale groups off the Pacific coast of North America. “It’s kind of wild,” says the behavioral ecologist. These animals live for decades, yet even fully grown males “act like little kids around their mom, rolling around and swimming right beside and behind her like they're still babies”. Weiss wanted to know whether these high-maintenance children came at a cost — particularly, whether they hurt a mother’s ability to raise more children. He and colleagues studied 40 years’ worth of data on three Pacific pods (小群动物), social groups typically consisting of a couple dozen killer whale mothers and sons that traveled and hunted fish together. Sure enough, the team found a “huge effect”, Weiss says. In a given year, mothers of sons were less than half as likely to have another baby as were childless females or mothers of daughters. Strikingly, both a 3-year-old son and an 18-year-old son lowered their mom’s chances of having more children, Weiss says. The researchers suggest mom’s favoritism toward her boys developed because of the particular social structure of these pods. When a daughter gives birth, her babies stay in the same group as her and her mom and therefore compete with the rest for food and attention. By contrast, a son doesn’t bring more mouths into the group — he mates with females in passing pods who then go on to raise children in their own social units. His kids are thus “someone else’s problem”, Weiss explains. So, it makes sense for mom to give more energy to him than to his sisters if she wants as many grandchildren as possible with the least competition. The team didn’t establish exactly how sons prevented their mothers from having more babies. Weiss says he hopes to do more research across populations, and in different species of whales. But now, killer whales remain an extreme example of parental care across the animal kingdom. “In other animals,” he says, “at some point, you just stop relying on your mom as much.” 1．What can we learn about a mother killer whale’s chance of having more babies? A．It is independent of her son’s age. B．A mother of a son won’t have another baby. C．A mother of daughters has the least chance. D．It changes with the social structure of the pod. 2．What can be inferred from the research? A．Male killer wales can’t grow fully. B．Male killer wales are precious in their social structure. C．Baby killer wales live with their grandmother. D．Baby killer wales compete against their father for food. 3．Why do mother killer whales favor their boys? A．To increase the pod’s population. B．To compete with other pods. C．To gain support from boys. D．To save food. 4．What does Weiss think of the mother-son bond in killer whale groups? A．It is extremely rare in nature. B．It shows that killer whales have feelings. C．It doesn’t exist in other species of whales. D．It slows male killer whales’ development. 2.（23-24高一下·山东潍坊·期末） This 18-year-old dancer is now one of Gucci’s most well-known models. Elli Goldstein, who has Down Syndrome (唐氏综合征), stars in a Gucci beauty campaign for a mascara product. Her mom says the February photoshoot. now being featured in Italian Vogue, took around six hours. Elli is from Ilford Essex in the UK. This isn’t Elli’s first appearance in the worldwide spotlight. She’s been featured in London’s famous National Portrait Gallery and has danced at the Royal Opera House. The model has appeared in TV commercials and videos for a famous film festival. She even made a dance video of her own during the pandemic (流行病) to cheer people up. “Elli was born to have this outgoing personality. She loves the camera. She loves the films. ” Her mom says nothing holds her back. She lives life to the fullest. That positive energy appears to be paying off. Elli’s modeling picture posted on the Gucci beauty Instagram account was the most liked post ever. “We want to increase the representation of people who have until now been excluded in the media,” said Peterson, Elli’s agent. “You know, it’s about time that we welcomed different models with different disability.” “Just follow our dreams and add passions to our life.” The photographer for Elli’s Gucci photoshoot says he aims to show that beauty is everywhere. It exists in every person. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Elli’s appearance. B．Elli’s inspiration. C．Elli’s childhood life. D．Elli’s achievements. 2．Which of the following best describes Elli? A．Determined and positive. B．Optimistic and easygoing. C．Respectful and straight. D．Honest and fashionable. 3．Which of the following words can replace the underlined word in Para.4? A．Resisted. B．Criticized. C．Admitted. D．Highlighted. 4．What does the photographer want to convey? A．Better late than never. B．Life is full of the unexpected. C．Beauty has no boundaries. D．Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 3.（23-24高一下·山东烟台·期末） 32°N adaptive glasses, created by Deep Optics using pixelated liquid crystal (PLC) lenses (像素化液晶镜片), work as both protective eyewear and adaptive reading glasses. PLC lenses appeared as early as 2017, but only recently did the company create an interesting pair of eyeglasses that could, in theory, become the only pair of glasses a person would need. That`s because the adaptive concept of the glasses allows wearers to adjust their purpose with a single slide of the frame (框架). For stylish sunglasses, simply slide backward on the right frame, and to put them into vision correction mode, you just slide back to the original place. Additionally, the lens power can be changed from 0 to 2.5 diopters (屈光度), and the built-in battery offers up to 48 hours of power. “Our special technology actively corrects vision using PLC lenses,” Deep Optics explains. “The lenses perform like human eyes, allowing the wearer to see what they want when they want. Our technology adds no extra weight or size.” The lenses are set in frames containing a distance meter on the bridge, which measures the distance from the wearer`s face to objects. The meter then sends a signal to adjust the diopters of the lenses. This adjustment can happen quickly, letting the user focus from one object to another clearly and accurately in 14 milliseconds. At $849 per pair, 32°N glasses are not cheap, but they do relieve you of the need to carry two pairs of eyeglasses with you. No more changing between reading and distance glasses, as after adjusting the liquid crystal lenses to your needs, all you have to do is a slide on the right frame to change their focus between close and far distances. These adaptive sunglasses are a giant step forward, ridding the need for single-use lenses. And 32°N glasses are not just primary designs that may or may not make it to the market. They are already available, despite their high price. Still, if liquid lenses become more mainstream, the price is certain to come down in the future. 1．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us? A．How the lenses are fixed. B．How the lenses work. C．How the lenses bear more weight. D．How the lenses are created. 2．Which words best describe 32°N glasses? A．Heavy but effective. B．Costly but multi-functional. C．Creative but easily-broken. D．Energy-saving but inflexible. 3．What can we know about 32°N glasses from the last paragraph? A．They haven`t reached consumers. B．Theyllcurewearers eye illnesses. C．They have replaced the old sunglasses. D．They`re a breakthrough in the glasses industry. 4．In which section of a website may the text appear? A．Education. B．Sports. C．Science. D．Entertainment. 4.（23-24高一下·山东威海·期末） The time for action is now, at least when it comes to climate change. If we don’t take measures that limit global warming, it may be impossible to stop its progress, according to a study published in 2018. The study claims that in 2035, we will cross a point of no return — after which it will be extremely unlikely that we can stop Earth’s temperature from rising by 2 degrees Celsius (2℃) and kicking off dangerous global disasters. The 2℃ mark is very important for Earth’s well-being. Once the planet warms an additional 2℃, scientists predict a range of disastrous effects, from widespread flooding in coastal areas to burning heat waves and extreme storms. One important area that could slow the movement toward a point of no return in 2035 is the changing from fossil fuels (矿物燃料) to renewable energy sources. But even this will require significant progress. Scientists have figured that the share of renewables worldwide must grow by at least 2 percent each year in order to slow the process toward climate change. Two percent a year may not sound like much, but in the 20 years leading up to 2017, the percentage of energy from renewables grew by a poor total of 3.6 percent. There is hope, though. If the use of renewable energy were to go beyond the scientists’ model, say by 5 percent per each year, the climate change deadline (最后期限) could move back by at least a decade, the researchers note. Also, developing technology to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere could help slow climate change. These gases change Earth’s atmosphere and allow it to capture more heat from the sun and cause temperatures to rise. “We hope that ‘having a deadline’ may stimulate the sense of urgency to act for policy makers,” Henk Dijkstra, one of the study authors, said. “Very little time is left.” 1．What might happen once the Earth warms an additional 2℃? A．The climate system will be rebuilt. B．Global warming is uncontrollable. C．Natural disasters become unavoidable. D．Timely action will no longer be necessary. 2．What does the underlined “this” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．The advances of scientific research. B．The shift from fossil fuels to renewables. C．The process of slowing down climate change. D．The increase of public environmental awareness. 3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The limitation of scientists’ model. B．Possible solutions to slowing climate change. C．The value of the ‘point of no return’ concept. D．Serious effects of greenhouse gases on Earth. 4．Why do the researchers set a deadline? A．To stress the need of global cooperation. B．To call on people to use renewable energy. C．To urge policy makers to take immediate action. D．To show their determination to stop global warming. 5.（23-24高一下·山东威海·期末） Every year, travelers head to South America to be amazed at the vast glaciers, huge open skies and high mountains. But at Omora Ethnobotanical Park on Tierra del Fuego, visitors are encouraged to think small. Tierra del Fuego, a remote island at the tip of South America, might offer little in terms of animals and trees, but when it comes to bryophytes (苔藓植物), it is among the richest corners of the planet. In the area that covers less than 0.01% of the Earth’s land surface, more than 5% of the world’s bryophyte species is found. On entering the park, you’re given a magnifying lens (放大镜). Guided by plant experts, you are invited to get down on your hands and knees to explore the little-known world of Tierra del Fuego’s “miniature forests” — the bryophytes that cover the rocks and trees. Focus is key: as you tiptoe through the park, it is easy to miss or even step on them. I wondered how interesting mosses could be. But when I got up close, they started to come to life. Shapes and colours appeared that were not visible to the naked eye. One plant was bright yellow, while another was green with a bright red tip like a little hat. One of the strangest plants is Old Man’s Beard, which looks like thin noodles and hangs off the trees in webs. According to my guide Lily Lewis, it plays an important role in the growth of the forest, capturing nutrients (营养) and salts blown in on the ocean wind. Old Man’s Beard is extremely vulnerable to pollution, and has all but disappeared across much of the planet. But in Tierra del Fuego, where the air and rain are among the cleanest on the planet, it grows wildly. “The hand lens is your entry point into the world of the miniature forests,” Lewis said. “Looking through a lens reminds you that there are other viewpoints from which we can see the world.” 1．Which title best describes Tierra del Fuego? A．A wonderland for tiny plants. B．A unique place for rare species. C．A top destination for hiking lovers. D．A remote land with different landscapes. 2．What quality is highly valued while exploring Omora Ethnobotanical Park? A．Curiosity and creativity. B．Quickness and confidence. C．Calmness and attentiveness. D．Determination and courage. 3．Which can best replace the underlined word “vulnerable”? A．Sensitive. B．Adaptable. C．Beneficial. D．Resistant. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Eco-tourism in Tierra del Fuego B．An Encounter with Old Man’s Beard C．A Tiny Forest on the Tip of the World D．Start Your Journey of Discovery, Now! 6.（23-24高一下·山东威海·期末） While West Africa’s Benin approaches its rainy season, occasional showers and sticky hot weather have done little to lessen the enthusiasm of local villagers who gathered to watch the first Benin Village Super League. Soccer teams from two villages in Parakou, a central city in Benin, competed on a soccer field near the base of the Chinese support mission for cotton production in Benin, in Belle Cite Village. For the past decade, the China-assisted cotton technology project has been active in Parakou, a major cotton-producing region in Benin. The long-term technical assistance has built strong relationships with villagers. When the project team learned that the former soccer field had been expropriated (征用), they decided to build a new one using agricultural machinery and recycled materials. Last summer, videos of some soccer matches in Rongjiang county, Southwest China’s Guizhou province, went popular and attracted worldwide tourists. Inspired by this, the Village Super League in Parakou includes cultural performances during halftime, featuring Chinese martial arts and Beninese dance. “Locals love soccer and I wanted to bring this model here and set up a similar league,” said Shou Xiaoyong, head of the Chinese technical team. Named the Friendship Football Field, the new facility was opened in March last year. It quickly became the preferred place for soccer among villagers in Belle Cite and nearby areas, hosting regular matches, especially during agricultural downtimes. As the tournament progressed, its popularity rose. Villagers from surrounding areas traveled on motorcycles with their children to watch the matches. Yves Koba, the head of Belle Cite Village, praised the Village Super League for promoting (促进) communication and friendship among villages. “The league has made us more united. I hope it continues and that our villagers achieve even better results next year.” 1．What has caused excitement among the villagers in Parakou? A．The first village league. B．The China-assisted project. C．The newly-built football field. D．The start of the harvest season. 2．For what reason was the Friendship Football Field built? A．To attract worldwide tourists. B．To provide a place for soccer lovers. C．To inspire locals’ love for soccer. D．To bring Chinese culture into focus. 3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How popular football is in Benin. B．How the new football field was built. C．What Benin Village Super League is like. D．Why Chinese village league model was introduced. 4．What does Yves Koba think of the Village Super League in Benin? A．It brings in huge money. B．It promotes cross-cultural exchanges. C．It forms a new tradition. D．It strengthens friendship among villages. 7.（23-24高一下·山东威海·期末） Horses have always held a special place in the hearts of many famous artists. Let’s explore some of the most well-known paintings of horses by famous artists.      Chinese Horse at Lascaux Cave This Chinese Horse painting was first discovered in 1940 at the prehistoric cave art sites, Lascaux, in France. The painting earned its name for looking like the style of a Sung Chinese painting of a horse. Early artists created their own paintbrushes from animal skin and hair and also employed a spray (喷洒) painting technique using a hollow (空心的) reed to blow pigment through.      Whistlejacket Whistlejacket depicts a life-sized racehorse against a plain background. One of the most unique features of this painting is that it does not situate the horse in any particular location. Rather, it focuses only on the details and character of the horse in question. In a way, Stubbs captures the spirit of the horse that suggests freedom of spirit, not tied to any background or environment, which makes this horse painting quite special for its time.     Horse Frightened by Lightning In Horse Frightened by Lightning, a white horse is frightened by the lightning, standing on its hind legs in a storm. The daring color choices and detailed brushwork captures the reaction of the animal with care, showing panic and terror. The unpleasant weather is highlighted by the strong contrast created between the horse and the dark black and gray clouds that cover the entire sky. The symbolism found in most Romantic horse paintings includes themes of passion, power, nobility, and intense emotion. 1．What do we know about Chinese Horse? A．It employed colors daringly. B．It was painted on animal skins. C．It was a Sung Chinese painting. D．It used a spray painting approach. 2．What theme is commonly found in Romantic horse paintings? A．Freedom of spirit. B．Strong emotion. C．Connection with animals. D．Power of nature. 3．Where might the text be taken from? A．An art magazine article. B．An art festival guide. C．An art exhibition poster. D．An art history lecture. 8.（23-24高一下·山东聊城·期末） I hate losses. Two months ago, I went crazy when I looked for the wallet I’d lost. Checking every pocket, I got increasingly anxious. The money, the credit cards, the driver’s license, and the social security card in my wallet kept flashing through my mind. Whoever found the wallet could steal my identity, run up huge expenses, and put me in financial danger! My heart was pounding. I felt so flustered that I didn’t go to work, not knowing what to do. Subsequently, I called the credit card companies and canceled my cards. Then I realized that I drove without a license, so I took time off to go to the registry to get a new one. That night, I couldn’t sleep. I had a pain in my chest. I thought I was having a heart attack. After a couple of hours of tests at the hospital, I was told that it was just an anxiety attack. Losing my wallet was no big deal; I just had to cancel the cards, get a new license, and buy a new wallet. I lost a few bills, but so what? However, I was deeply troubled by it. Frankly, we all hate losses. Daniel Kahneman, an Israeli psychologist, found that people are generally more afraid of losing things than they’re eager to gain. This phenomenon is called loss aversion (厌恶). In a typical study, when people were asked if they would rather get $500 for sure or a lottery ticket (彩票) with a 50-50 chance of winning $1000, they generally chose the former. But when they were asked if they would rather lose $500 for sure or get a lottery ticket that offers 50 percent chance of losing$1000, most people chose to take the risk. In both cases, the chances are the same but people’s choices are different. In fact, the emotions associated with loss formed a long time ago. Loss was always frightening and damaging for people then, and it’s still with us. Indeed, that’s why I blew the simple loss of a wallet out of proportion. 1．What happened to the author two months ago? A．He faced a financial crisis. B．He suffered a heart attack. C．He lost his wallet. D．He was blamed by his boss. 2．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “flustered” in paragraph 2? A．Embarrassed. B．Tired. C．Strange. D．Upset. 3．What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A．It is hard to win the lottery. B．People tend to lose less in order to get more later. C．It is worth taking risks to get a small fortune. D．People prefer avoiding losses to getting possible benefits. 4．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the story? A．To explain what loss aversion is. B．To complain about his misfortune in his life. C．To provide advice on protecting personal property. D．To persuade people to concentrate on their work. 9.（23-24高一下·山东日照·期末） Over the years, many scientists have attempted to explain why spending time in green spaces can reduce feelings of stress and anxiety, from their supposed ability to clean the air to their mysterious effects on our brains. The most common saying I tend to hear is that plants, particularly houseplants, clean the air. The latest research now suggests that in indoor spaces you would need a lot of them before you see any noticeable benefit. How many? Well, several hundred per square meter of living space to achieve the same benefit of simply opening a window. What we do know, however, is that there is something unusual about the color green that seems to affect how our brains function. Researchers investigating the effect of exercise on psychological well-being have found that seeing views of the natural world on screens had additional benefits over and above the workout alone. However, when they changed the screens to show the same views in black and white or in shades of red, the effect was markedly reduced compared to the original green. This may mean that having evergreen species in your garden or even something as simple as painting your fence green might contribute to its effect. Similarly, designing your garden to require higher maintenance (维护) so that it is not simply somewhere to sunbathe in summer may improve the beneficial effect by encouraging gentle workouts. Low-impact, prolonged exercise, such as gardening, can burn more calories (卡路里) than a hard-hitting gym session, despite feeling easier. It is a way of being active that may appeal to far more people. Gardening is also a classic form of practicing mindfulness, which can help to focus our thoughts on the here and now, distracting us from any worries or stresses. Mindfulness exercises are well-documented to have a positive impact on psychological well-being. So act now, embrace (接受) the power of greenery and turn your garden into a welcoming space. 1．Which factor determines houseplants’ effect on cleaning the air? A．Their quantity. B．Their colors. C．Their varieties. D．Their placement. 2．What is a benefit of seeing the color green during exercise? A．Promoting sports technique. B．Burning more calories. C．Increasing intelligence level. D．Improving mental health. 3．What contributes to the popularity of gardening? A．It is accessible and effective. B．It is affordable and appealing. C．It requires higher maintenance. D．It offers a connection with nature. 4．Why is gardening a form of mindfulness? A．It helps develop a sense of success. B．It frees us from our daily matters. C．It directs our attention to the present. D．It encourages learning and creativity. 10（23-24高一下·山东日照·期末） I think it all started with microwaves. A typical microwave can cook an entire chicken in 16minutes. That’s 3 times faster than the best convection oven (对流烤箱). We still stand in front of microwaves, impatiently tapping our feet, waiting for popcorn to pop. Modern consumer technology and the Internet have only amplified that convenience impatience. We have emails that literally travel around the world in seconds, and yet we still ask the recipient: Did you get it? Where is it? It should be there. A file that takes more than 10 seconds to download is considered a crime. And we’re suddenly faced with a digital queue. The system can’t serve us all at once and asks us to wait. But waiting is a chain in our DNA that is breaking up. This leads to the toe tapping, fingers pianoing on the desk, pen chewing, and eventually hair-pulling as if the thought of waiting a few minutes will drive us mad. Millennials and Gen Z are products of an instant-response childhood. They’ve long lived in a world where their every thought is met with instant response in texts and social media. In real life, these same people have no idea how to wait for a response. The assumption (设想) is that real world works exactly the same as digital. But the system in a company or government doesn’t move at anything near digital speed. In fact, it often moves as slowly as it did in the pre-Internet age. There’s a disconnect between these waits and most of our lives lived through technology. We are biology living in a digital space, enjoying the benefits of instant answers and access, but unable to change our own programming to match its speed. Operating at digital and Internet speed is a great benefit, but we forget that somewhere in the instant access path is often a comparatively slow-moving and slow-thinking human, who can only do so much, and only at a certain pace. When people say slow down, take a breath, they usually mean that you should step back from a busy moment. But this should also include stepping back from your instant-access existence to see that not everything can happen right away. Most of the time, it just doesn’t need to. 1．What does the underlined word “amplified” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Balanced. B．Worsened. C．Maintained. D．Weakened. 2．What is people’s reaction towards a digital queue? A．They lose patience to wait. B．They get embarrassed. C．They enjoy waiting to be served. D．They consider it as normal. 3．What do we know about Millennials and Gen Z? A．They are lacking in social experience. B．They desire for immediate responses. C．They are deeply influenced by the social media. D．They have a good understanding of the real word. 4．What can be concluded from the text? A．Accept things happen at their own pace. B．Go for instant response at any time. C．Make sure everything happens right away. D．Step back to see what has happened. 11.（23-24高一下·山东济宁·期末） We are in a time of crisis (危机) when it comes to the planet’s limited energy resources. We have to quit our bad habits and focus on more sustainable (可持续的) solutions. But while we are rightly concentrating on Earth’s energy balance, we are ignoring the signs that our own bodies are running on empty. According to a 2023 meta-analysis, one in five worldwide is living with fatigue (疲劳) unrelated to a medical condition. The fast speed of life and work sends stress levels skyrocketing and wears people out. A poor diet, lack of physical activity or mental health conditions including anxiety, can also lead to feeling tired. Popular advice to keep fatigue at bay is always to “do more”. Top of the list of things you can do to help is to “have a healthy diet and exercise regularly”. However, 35 percent of UK adults say that being “too tired” holds them back from having a healthier diet and doing more exercise. How can people cook new recipes if their existing lifestyle leaves them without any spare energy? How can someone go to the gym when every moment of the day is already taken up by work? Therefore, “do more” isn’t the best solution to our tiredness which is often marked by a lack of confidence in one’s ability to meet goals and produce good work. If eating healthier and exercising more feels impossible, being told to do these things might only weaken your faith in yourself further. Instead, we need to “do different” or “do smart”. For example, if you feel incapable of dealing with all of life’s demands, change the unnecessary for the achievable. Focus on doing something you know you are good at. And don’t use all your energy on the task you have to do. If all your time is spent working, you will miss out on the benefits of relaxation. And when work takes over your free time, it leads to lower overall well-being. Just like our planet, our body energy supplies aren’t limitless and we need to break our bad energy habits. 1．Which aspect of fatigue does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The causes. B．The examples. C．The effects. D．The features. 2．What might be the result of “do more” according to the author? A．Having a healthier lifestyle. B．Being energetic a whole day. C．Reducing your work productivity. D．Lowering your confidence further. 3．What does the author suggest people do? A．Work at all cost. B．Exercise regularly. C．Take a rest properly. D．Keep challenging yourself. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title? A．The Other Energy Crisis B．The Work Management C．The Stressful Lifestyle D．The Earth’s Energy Balance 12.（23-24高一下·山东济宁·期末） Ponds are a rich source of biodiversity, providing natural environments for many rare and endangered species, including plants, insects, birds and bats. Ponds show far greater variation than rivers and streams. Yet, for a century or so, ponds have been ignored by scientists. Why have we overlooked such a significant part of the natural world? A key reason appears to be the cognitive bias (认知偏见) where we assume that if something is small, it can’t be all that important. Rather than study ponds, biologists in the past typically headed for the largest lake or river they could find. Most of us also devalue ponds because we assume they are human-made habitats and don’t realize that these waters have a deeply ancient origin. Ponds have clearly existed on Earth as long as there has been land and water and the geological record shows they have been a long-lasting presence. Ignoring ponds within science has had a big impact on our ability to protect their wildlife. It has created a world view in which policy-makers can simply ignore the big networks of ponds that make up so much of the global water environment. In Europe, for example, the Water Framework Directive mostly excludes any bodies of water smaller than 50 hectares. Fortunately, views are changing. Last year, the Ramsar Convention, an international agreement, introduced a resolution (决议) on small wetlands, including ponds, giving more recognition to them. And the European Union-funded PONDERFUL project is gathering data on Europe’s ponds. However, if we want to make use of the biodiversity power that ponds offer, there remains much to do. In a world where fresh water faces big challenges, creating and protecting ponds provides a ray of hope: a piece of natural ecological engineering we can easily achieve to help support biodiversity. 1．What can be learned about ponds from paragraph 1? A．They are difficult to research. B．They fail to get due attention. C．They are too small to support wildlife. D．They have greater importance than rivers. 2．What does the cognitive bias assume? A．Ponds are short-lived. B．Rivers are fully-developed. C．Small things are unimportant. D．Natural habitats are unnoticed. 3．Why is the Water Framework Directive mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To solve a problem. B．To present a fact. C．To prove a point. D．To make a comparison. 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Exploring ponds has a long way to go. B．Ecological diversity is easy to realize. C．Fresh water supply can meet our needs. D．Building ponds can promote economy. 13.（23-24高一下·山东德州·期末） Stress is a modern epidemic, but among all the stress management strategies out there we are forgetting one essential solution—taking time for rest. For a long time, psychology was based on a clear division between body and mind. Psychologists focused almost only on what went on between our ears. The body was not their responsibility. That was the work of medical doctors and gym instructors. Recently, however, there has been a growing realisation within psychology circles that the body and mind are deeply related to each other, far more than anyone ever imagined. The most recent insights have revealed that our mental health is determined to a large extent by our physical condition. When you are feeling poorly, you can combat it by taking better care of your body. Physical exercise helps to relieve depression. A healthy sleeping pattern also offers protection against all kinds of psychological disorders, and a healthy diet is known to reduce stress. Moments of rest and relaxation ought to occupy a more prominent place in our lives. These significant moments should not be regarded as a kind of “waste of time” in between jobs but as a natural and fundamental part of our way of life. Rest is actually crucial to our well-being and is good for both body and mind. We all need at least a little time to think, to reflect on life and even just to be bored. At school, the key should not only be that you have to do your very best every day, but also that you can only perform at your peak when you are adequately rested. It is only when we fully embrace rest that we will be able to take a stand against stress and burnout. Your free time is meant for relaxation and recovery. Active free time is spent on things like hobbies, sport, friends and family. The other one is passive free time: reading, watching TV, resting. Ideally you get to enjoy both — one to divert your attention from work and the other to regroup and recover. 1．What do psychologists focus on recently? A．Ways to define psychology. B．Strategies to handle mental condition. C．Responsibilities for health. D．The relation between body and mind. 2．What does the underlined word “prominent” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Famous. B．Important. C．Sustainable. D．Passionate. 3．How can one reduce the pressure according to the author? A．By getting enough sleep. B．By going on a diet. C．By having a strong willpower. D．By centering more on work. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．What determines your mental health? B．How physical health affects our mind? C．The power of rest for stress management. D．The difference between active and passive rest. 14.（23-24高一下·山东德州·期末） Monarch butterflies are native to North America, and their range extends from southern Canada to northern South America. Every year, thousands of monarch butterflies travel between 1,200 and 2,800 miles across the Americas on an awe-inspiring migratory journey, which is among the most remarkable scenes of animal migration in the world. In the process of finding food, monarch butterflies pollinate plants across the Americas, spreading pollen (花粉) from flower to flower and therefore playing an integral part in sustaining ecosystems. But these bright orange and white creatures have neared the edge of extinction in the past century. The plains and mountains where monarch butterflies once flourished have drastically changed, mostly due to urbanisation. Illegal logging activity has degraded the forest areas in the past three decades, cutting down the Oyamel fir tree on which monarchs hibernate in the winters. Pesticides not only kill off milkweed plants, but also harm the butterflies themselves. Lastly, the climate change also poses a threat to the habitats where monarchs breed and spend the winter. To protect the monarchs from extinction, governments have taken positive actions Communities also help protect monarch butterflies by planting milkweed in their gardens along their migratory routes. Milkweed is highly decorative and easy to grow in harmony with flower beds. Gardeners ensure to plant local milkweed to prevent spreading parasitic (寄生的) infections. According to experts, it is ideal to plant milkweed in the fall and to plant them in sunny areas, without using pesticides as this will harm the butterflies and their eggs. The joint work from federal and state agencies and communities to conserve these creatures and their habitats has paid off. More monarchs are being spotted in some areas currently. If this work is eventually successful, there may come a time when monarch numbers increase once again. 1．What critical roles do the monarchs play? A．Benefiting the tourism. B．Leading a new migration route. C．Maintaining the ecosystem. D．Bettering the agriculture practices. 2．What largely causes the monarchs to become endangered? A．Infectious diseases. B．Natural disasters. C．Human activities. D．Severe desertification. 3．What advice is given to gardeners in planting milkweeds? A．Choosing the native ones. B．Planting them in summer. C．Keeping them out of the sunshine. D．Using pesticides when necessary. 4．What is the author’s attitude to the future of the monarchs? A．Optimistic. B．Uncertain. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent. 15.（23-24高一下·山东临沂·期末） Out of a total of 308,000 entries in the Oxford English Dictionary, just 366 words begin with the letter “x”, and very few of those make it into most people’s vocabulary. However, the letter is welcomed in popular culture and by brands, such as X-Files, X-Factor, X-man, X-rays and Planet X. The letter “x” has had somewhat puzzling history, perhaps contributing to its malleable (可塑的) meanings. It first came from a Phoenician letter called “samekh”, meaning fish. The Creeks borrowed it, called it “Chi”, used it for the “kh” sound and wrote it as a cross. The Romans later adopted the “x” sound from Chalcidian alphabet (字母表), a Western variant of the Greek alphabet, and combined it with the “Chi” (x) symbol and “x” as we know it today was born. The tech industry seems to have a particular preference for the letter. This week, the 24th letter of the alphabet was the focus of the spotlight once again, as Elon Musk announced an unexpected rename of Twitter — the social media company he bought in October 2022 for $44 bn. The site’s iconic(图标的) blue bird logo is no more, replaced by a black letter “X”, part of Musk’s long-term plan to be a “platform that can deliver, well... everything.” And he also named an early Tesla car Model X, and his space exploration programme Space X. Besides Musk’s X , there’s Microsoft’s gaming console Xbox, Sony’s Xperia smartphone, Apple’s iPhone X and operating system OS X. In 2010, Google chose the letter for the name of its secret idea-testing laboratory, first known as Google x and now simply X. So why do the tech giants prefer “x”, this one single letter, when there are 25 others they could use instead? Tony Thorne, Director of the Slang and New Language Archive at King’s College, London, thought its shape can signify everything from love (the kiss we used to end our emails and texts), to absence, and even death (as with the skull and crossbones). “It’s impressive and people see it as an attempt to appear enigmatic — a symbol of unknowns and possibilities,” he tells BBC Culture. 1．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．How the letter “x” changed the history. B．How the letter “x” was created by the Greeks. C．How the letter “x” developed and came into being. D．How the letter “x” was originally used by Phoenicians. 2．Why are other tech companies mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To stress the importance of the letter. B．To list the reasons why they prefer the letter. C．To further show tech companies favor the letter. D．To provide the historical background of the letter. 3．What does the underlined word “enigmatic” mean in the last paragraph? A．Attractive. B．Mysterious. C．Typical. D．Intelligent. 4．What can we know about the letter “x”? A．Its shape seldom appears in our daily life. B．It’s powerful and charming in the tech industry. C．Words that begin with the letter are widely used. D．The sounds of the letter are the same through history. 16.（23-24高一下·山东临沂·期末） Located in the heart of Europe, France offers bike riders its beautiful landscapes, rich history, and delicious food. Here are four of the most popular bike paths in France that show the best of what France has to offer to cycling lovers. The Loire Valley Route From Blois to Angers   Length: 800 km   Time: 7-10 days This bike path is a journey through the royal history of France. It passes by the splendid castles of the Loire Valley, such as Chambord and Chenonceau. The route is mostly flat, making a relaxing ride. The Canal des Deux Mers From Bordeaux to Toulouse   Length: 360 km   Time: 4-6 days This path connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Mediterranean Sea. Bike riders will experience a mix of city landscapes, vineyards and the peaceful countryside. The path, relatively flat, with a few gentle inclines (斜坡), is well-suited for cyclists of all abilities. The Côte d' Azur Route From Hyères to Menton   Length: 230 km   Time: 3-4 days For those seeking coastal beauty and a touch of attraction, this route offers a ride along the French Riviera. It’s a fairly challenging route with some steep climbs but provides views of the Mediterranean. The Alsace Wine Route From Selestat to Thann   Length: 170 km   Time: 3-5 days This route is a perfect for food lovers, offering a-scenic tour through the vineyards of Alsace. The flat ground provides plenty of opportunities to enjoy local wines and cooking. 1．Which route lasts the longest time? A．The Loire Valley Route. B．The Canal des Deux Mers. C．The Côte d' Azur Route. D．The Alsace Wine Route. 2．What is unique about the Canal des Deux Mers route? A．It is the most challenging route. B．It satisfies riders of different levels. C．Riders can learn the royal history of France. D．It connects the cities around the Mediterranean. 3．If a rider is fond of food, which route will he prefer? A．The Canal des Deux Mers. B．The Loire Valley Route. C．The Côte d' Azur Route. D．The Alsace Wine Route. 17.（23-24高一下·山东烟台·期末） Bruce, a parrot missing part of his beak (喙) , creatively uses stones to clean feathers (羽毛) , highlighting advanced intelligence in parrots. Bruce lost the upper part of his beak in 2012 and was sent to live at a reserve in New Zealand. The defect made Bruce unable to search for food on his own, let alone keep his feathers clean with his beak. But in 2021, when comparative psychologist Bastos arrived at the reserve with colleagues to study parrots, zookeepers reported something strange: Bruce had seemingly figured out how to select and use small stones to clean his own feathers with his beak. Over nine days, the team kept a close eye on Bruce, quickly taking, videos if he started cleaning his feathers. It turned out that Bruce had indeed invented his own way to do so, the researchers reported in Scientific Reports. “It’s crazy because the behavior was not from the wild,” Bastos says. When Bruce arrived at the reserve, he was too young to learn how to clean his feathers. And no other bird in the reserve uses stones in this way. “It seems like he just invented this tool use for himself,” she says. Tool use is just one of parrots’ many talents. They’re famous for copying and even understanding human speech. Some species can also solve complex puzzles, like how to enter a covered rubbish bin or practice self-control. For a concept as abstract (抽象的) as intelligence, it’s challenging to develop a definition that applies across animals. Researchers often point to features once thought to make humans special — enhanced learning, memory, attention and movement control — as signs of advanced skills. However, many of these abilities can also be seen in parrots, as well as other animals like chimpanzees, dolphins and elephants. “Parrots are our evolutionary (进化的) mirror image. These brilliant birds may teach us about how humanlike intelligence can appear,” behavioral ecologist Antone wrote in his 2022 book The Parrot in the Mirror. With powerful brains and a preference for words, these birds are “the very best example,” he writes, “of nature’s ‘other try’ at humanlike intelligence.” 1．What does the underlined word “defect” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Disadvantage. B．Playfulness. C．Cruelty. D．Measure. 2．Why did Bastos and her team watch Bruce closely? A．To observe how he lives alone. B．To find out how he gets food. C．To prove his ability to defend himself. D．To confirm his reported behavior. 3．What can be known concerning the parrots? A．They do well in critical thinking. B．They’re born skillful at using tools. C．They can complete complicated tasks. D．They can’t match other animals in memory. 4．What’s the significance of studying the parrots? A．Offering an insight into human behavior. B．Helping further research other species of birds. C．Learning more about parrots’ living environment. D．Giving reference for the evolution of humanlike intelligence. 18（23-24高一下·山东东营·期末） News companies are increasingly using video and images from social media to report on the ongoing conflict (冲突) between Israel and Hamas. This has led some media organizations to increase their efforts to identify false or misleading information. Reporters covering the war are limited by the government on how they can document the conflict. But they can use a flood of video and pictures published online. Therefore, reports of the war have included many images and video that appeared on social media. News content has also been recorded by satellite equipment and cameras placed around Israel and Gaza. Using this kind of content in news shows has become very common for major media companies. Wendy McMahon, president of CBS News and Stations, told The Associated Press that many people watching news reports today expect to be part of “a shared viewing experience.” This way, they can feel like they are learning what is going on right along with the reporters, McMahon said. In order to create this kind of experience, news reporters have to search through a huge online supply of images and video, which comes from services like YouTube, Instagram, and Facebook. Checking this material, however, can be difficult. With so much material, it is easy for people or organizations to create false images and video using artificial intelligence (AI). Reuters news agency uncovered several images published online that turned out to be false. McMahon, from CBS, said the Israel-Hamas war has in many ways confirmed a big fear among news reporters: “News companies would see a flood of misinformation to an extent that was never seen before.” 1．What can we learn about the reports on the war between Israel and Hamas? A．They are free from government limits. B．They take advantage of online content. C．They document all the conflicts in detail. D．They are mainly recorded by satellite equipment. 2．What is a challenge for news reporters according to the passage? A．Editing news materials. B．Removing fear of misinformation. C．Identifying false content. D．Creating images and video with AI. 3．Why are online video and images commonly used by media companies? A．They are easily accessible to people. B．They offer a better viewing experience. C．They record what is going on faithfully. D．They are in good supply on social media. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．How to Publish Online News B．How to Identify False Information C．How Social Media Affects News Reports D．How Social Media Helps to Cover the Conflict 19.（23-24高一下·山东东营·期末） Sea level is rising due to climate change, which threatens the future of millions of people around the world. Also, it threatens our cultural past. “It’s really the history of our species that’s at risk in a lot of ways,” says Meghan Howey, an archaeologist at the University of New Hampshire in Durham. Another archaeologist Anderson recently used online data to look at the dangers caused by rising seas to cultural sites in the southeastern United States. He found a one-meter rise in sea level could des troy more than 13,000 of those places. So how are we going to protect the important places? Efforts to limit the worst impacts from climate change, including sea level rise, will require cutting greenhouse-gas emissions (排放) or maybe taking steps to limit flooding in important areas. Another approach might be to move cultural treasures. But projects like that are often very expensive. It’s unlikely that funds to do that will be available (可用的) for every site. And some treasures simply can’t be moved. But high-tech tools might help preserve knowledge of those treasures before physical sites are lost, says Mark McCoy, an archaeologist at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas. For example, scanning and imaging tools can help. LIDAR is a type of system that uses lasers to make exact 3-D scans of objects. High-resolution digital photography can make detailed images. Computer technologies can also create 3-D virtual reality models. Rising seas are likely to eventually bury a lot of archaeological treasures. And in some cases, the old techniques (技术) that archaeologists have long used may also help. “I still use traditional methods out on a site when the conditions call for it,” McCoy notes. For example, he says, “Paper and pencil do not require batteries and don’t break when I drop them on rocks.” 1．Why does the author mention two archaeologists in Paragraph 1? A．To stress the risk to cultural sites. B．To prove the value of online data. C．To explain the reason of sea level rise. D．To show the impact of climate change. 2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．How to make exact 3-D scans of objects. B．How to save the endangered cultural treasures. C．Scanning and imaging tools can help save the treasures. D．High-tech tools may play a part in preserving knowledge of the sites. 3．What’s McCoy’s attitude towards traditional methods? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Puzzled. 4．Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text? （P: Paragraph） A． B． C． D． 20.（23-24高一下·山东枣庄·期末） Deceleration isn’t really in the runner’s vocabulary. For many of the people who do it, from Olympic champions to 5K enthusiasts, running is the pursuit of speed itself; a sport defined by personal bests, competition and striving. Slow? That’s a four-letter word. Until quite recently, slow running has become “A Thing”, backed not just by wellness experts on Instagram, but also by a growing number of coaches, amateur runners and exercise scientists, too. The thinking is that going slow could be a fast way to enjoy the benefits of exercise. Slow running is usually defined as a pace at which you can comfortably hold a conversation. Think of it as an effort of 4 or 5 on a scale of 1 - 10, where 10 is an all-out sprint (冲刺). If you know your sports science, it’s referred to as ‘zone 2 exercise’ and it’s a physiological sweet spot that can improve and extend your life. So, what makes the unhurried approach so healthful? As well as improving the strength and pumping capacity of your heart, slow running can avoid metabolic diseases and encourage your body to use fat for energy. Slow runners also recover faster and are less likely to suffer tiredness or injuries from overtraining. They’re also more likely to feel good. “There are huge positives for emotional health,” says Gordon, an exercise physiologist at Anglia Ruskin University in southeast England. “The benefits for things like mood state, depression and anxiety don’t really decrease any more if we increase the exercise intensity. And then there’s the social aspect. One of the things to emphasize with slow running is, you can actually have a conversation!” Gordon believes that promoting slow running might encourage more people to exercise and stick with it, partly because you can do it with friends and partly because there’s no pressure to perform. 1．What is the most important for a runner on the sports field? A．Speed. B．Health. C．Interest. D．Enjoyment. 2．What does the underlined word “backed” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Explained. B．Defined. C．Supported. D．Proved. 3．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about as to slow running? A．Its definition. B．Its benefits. C．The training. D．Its popularity. 4．What does Gordon say about slow running? A．It benefits a lot to mental health. B．It is key to increase the intensity. C．It offers a chance to make friends. D．It is no easy work to stick with it. 7 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 1.（23-24高一下·山东潍坊·期末） Killer whales are mama’s boys. A son will follow his mother, taking bits of fish and other food, throughout his life, even as his sisters grow up and have babies of their own. This neediness comes at a significant cost to mom, who gives up having additional children to look after her boy, according to a new study. Michael Weiss has observed the mother-son bond in killer whale groups off the Pacific coast of North America. “It’s kind of wild,” says the behavioral ecologist. These animals live for decades, yet even fully grown males “act like little kids around their mom, rolling around and swimming right beside and behind her like they're still babies”. Weiss wanted to know whether these high-maintenance children came at a cost — particularly, whether they hurt a mother’s ability to raise more children. He and colleagues studied 40 years’ worth of data on three Pacific pods (小群动物), social groups typically consisting of a couple dozen killer whale mothers and sons that traveled and hunted fish together. Sure enough, the team found a “huge effect”, Weiss says. In a given year, mothers of sons were less than half as likely to have another baby as were childless females or mothers of daughters. Strikingly, both a 3-year-old son and an 18-year-old son lowered their mom’s chances of having more children, Weiss says. The researchers suggest mom’s favoritism toward her boys developed because of the particular social structure of these pods. When a daughter gives birth, her babies stay in the same group as her and her mom and therefore compete with the rest for food and attention. By contrast, a son doesn’t bring more mouths into the group — he mates with females in passing pods who then go on to raise children in their own social units. His kids are thus “someone else’s problem”, Weiss explains. So, it makes sense for mom to give more energy to him than to his sisters if she wants as many grandchildren as possible with the least competition. The team didn’t establish exactly how sons prevented their mothers from having more babies. Weiss says he hopes to do more research across populations, and in different species of whales. But now, killer whales remain an extreme example of parental care across the animal kingdom. “In other animals,” he says, “at some point, you just stop relying on your mom as much.” 1．What can we learn about a mother killer whale’s chance of having more babies? A．It is independent of her son’s age. B．A mother of a son won’t have another baby. C．A mother of daughters has the least chance. D．It changes with the social structure of the pod. 2．What can be inferred from the research? A．Male killer wales can’t grow fully. B．Male killer wales are precious in their social structure. C．Baby killer wales live with their grandmother. D．Baby killer wales compete against their father for food. 3．Why do mother killer whales favor their boys? A．To increase the pod’s population. B．To compete with other pods. C．To gain support from boys. D．To save food. 4．What does Weiss think of the mother-son bond in killer whale groups? A．It is extremely rare in nature. B．It shows that killer whales have feelings. C．It doesn’t exist in other species of whales. D．It slows male killer whales’ development. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了虎鲸母子间的依赖关系及其对繁殖的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In a given year, mothers of sons were less than half as likely to have another baby as were childless females or mothers of daughters. Strikingly, both a 3-year-old son and an 18-year-old son lowered their mom’s chances of having more children, Weiss says.(在某一年里，有儿子的母亲生育另一个孩子的可能性不到无子女女性或有女儿的母亲的一半。引人注目的是，无论是3岁的儿子还是18岁的儿子，都会降低他们母亲再生更多孩子的几率，Weiss说)”可知，无论是3岁的儿子还是18岁的儿子，都会降低母亲再生育的机会。即母鲸鱼是否有更多孩子与她儿子的年龄无关。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段“The researchers suggest mom’s favoritism toward her boys developed because of the particular social structure of these pods. When a daughter gives birth, her babies stay in the same group as her and her mom and therefore compete with the rest for food and attention. By contrast, a son doesn’t bring more mouths into the group — he mates with females in passing pods who then go on to raise children in their own social units.(研究人员提出，母亲对儿子的偏爱是因为这些群体特有的社会结构而发展的。当一个女儿生育时，她的孩子会留在她和她母亲所在的同一群体中，因此会与其他成员争夺食物和关注。相比之下，一个儿子不会给群体带来更多的需要供养的人口 —— 他与路过群体中的雌性交配，而后这些雌性会在自己的社会单元中抚养后代)”可知，母鲸鱼对儿子的偏爱是因为儿子在社会结构中更为重要，儿子不会带来更多的竞争者，而女儿的孩子会留在群体中，增加竞争，表明雄性虎鲸在它们的社会结构中扮演着重要的角色。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段“His kids are thus “someone else’s problem”, Weiss explains. So, it makes sense for mom to give more energy to him than to his sisters if she wants as many grandchildren as possible with the least competition.(他的孩子们因此变成了“别人的问题”，Weiss解释道。因此，如果妈妈想要在最少的竞争下获得尽可能多的孙子孙女，她给予儿子更多的精力而不是女儿，这是有道理的)”这表明母亲偏爱儿子的原因之一是为了节约食物，减少群体内的竞争。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But now, killer whales remain an extreme example of parental care across the animal kingdom.(但现在，虎鲸仍然是动物王国中父母抚育的一个极端例子)”可知，Weiss认为母子关系在虎鲸群体中是极端的例子，这在自然界中是非常罕见的。故选A。 2.（23-24高一下·山东潍坊·期末） This 18-year-old dancer is now one of Gucci’s most well-known models. Elli Goldstein, who has Down Syndrome (唐氏综合征), stars in a Gucci beauty campaign for a mascara product. Her mom says the February photoshoot. now being featured in Italian Vogue, took around six hours. Elli is from Ilford Essex in the UK. This isn’t Elli’s first appearance in the worldwide spotlight. She’s been featured in London’s famous National Portrait Gallery and has danced at the Royal Opera House. The model has appeared in TV commercials and videos for a famous film festival. She even made a dance video of her own during the pandemic (流行病) to cheer people up. “Elli was born to have this outgoing personality. She loves the camera. She loves the films. ” Her mom says nothing holds her back. She lives life to the fullest. That positive energy appears to be paying off. Elli’s modeling picture posted on the Gucci beauty Instagram account was the most liked post ever. “We want to increase the representation of people who have until now been excluded in the media,” said Peterson, Elli’s agent. “You know, it’s about time that we welcomed different models with different disability.” “Just follow our dreams and add passions to our life.” The photographer for Elli’s Gucci photoshoot says he aims to show that beauty is everywhere. It exists in every person. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Elli’s appearance. B．Elli’s inspiration. C．Elli’s childhood life. D．Elli’s achievements. 2．Which of the following best describes Elli? A．Determined and positive. B．Optimistic and easygoing. C．Respectful and straight. D．Honest and fashionable. 3．Which of the following words can replace the underlined word in Para.4? A．Resisted. B．Criticized. C．Admitted. D．Highlighted. 4．What does the photographer want to convey? A．Better late than never. B．Life is full of the unexpected. C．Beauty has no boundaries. D．Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了18岁的舞者Elli Goldstein现在是Gucci最著名的模特之一，患有唐氏综合症的Elli Goldstein在 Gucci一款睫毛膏产品的美容广告中担任主角。文章介绍了在此之前她所取得的一些成就，以及周围人对她的评价和对美的看法。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Elli is from llford Essex in the UK. This isn’t Elli’s first appearance in the worldwide spotlight. She’s been featured in London’s famous National Portrait Gallery and has danced at the Royal Opera House. The model has appeared in TV commercials and videos for a famous film festival. She even made a dance video of her own during the pandemic to cheer people up.(Elli来自英国埃塞克斯的伊尔福德。这不是EIli第一次出现在全球聚光灯下。她曾出现在伦敦著名的国家肖像画廊，还曾在皇家歌剧院跳舞。这名模特曾出现在一个著名电影节的电视广告和视频中。她甚至在疫情期间制作了自己的舞蹈视频来鼓舞人们。)”可知，第二段的主要内容是Elli的成就。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Her mom says nothing holds her back. She lives life to the fullest. That positive energy appears to be paying off.(她妈妈说没有什么能阻止她。她过着充实的生活。这种正能量似乎正在得到回报。)”可知，Elli是个内心坚定且积极的人。故选A。 3．词义猜测题。根据第四段“ “We want to increase the representation of people who have until now been excluded in the media,” said Peterson, Elli’s agent. “You know, it’s about time that we welcomed different models with different disability.”(Elli的经纪人Peterson表示:“我们希望增加那些迄今为止被媒体excluded的人的代表权。你知道，是时候我们欢迎有着不同残疾的不同模特了。)”可推知，媒体存在歧视，抵制残疾人群，把残疾群体排除在外。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Just follow our dreams and add passions to our life.” The photographer for Elli’s Gucci photoshoot says he aims to show that beauty is everywhere. It exists in every person.(“只要追随我们的梦想，给我们的生活增添激情。”为Elli拍摄Gucci照片的摄影师说，他的目标是要展示美无处不在。它存在于每个人身上。)”可知，摄影师想要传达美丽没有界限。故选C。 3.（23-24高一下·山东烟台·期末） 32°N adaptive glasses, created by Deep Optics using pixelated liquid crystal (PLC) lenses (像素化液晶镜片), work as both protective eyewear and adaptive reading glasses. PLC lenses appeared as early as 2017, but only recently did the company create an interesting pair of eyeglasses that could, in theory, become the only pair of glasses a person would need. That`s because the adaptive concept of the glasses allows wearers to adjust their purpose with a single slide of the frame (框架). For stylish sunglasses, simply slide backward on the right frame, and to put them into vision correction mode, you just slide back to the original place. Additionally, the lens power can be changed from 0 to 2.5 diopters (屈光度), and the built-in battery offers up to 48 hours of power. “Our special technology actively corrects vision using PLC lenses,” Deep Optics explains. “The lenses perform like human eyes, allowing the wearer to see what they want when they want. Our technology adds no extra weight or size.” The lenses are set in frames containing a distance meter on the bridge, which measures the distance from the wearer`s face to objects. The meter then sends a signal to adjust the diopters of the lenses. This adjustment can happen quickly, letting the user focus from one object to another clearly and accurately in 14 milliseconds. At $849 per pair, 32°N glasses are not cheap, but they do relieve you of the need to carry two pairs of eyeglasses with you. No more changing between reading and distance glasses, as after adjusting the liquid crystal lenses to your needs, all you have to do is a slide on the right frame to change their focus between close and far distances. These adaptive sunglasses are a giant step forward, ridding the need for single-use lenses. And 32°N glasses are not just primary designs that may or may not make it to the market. They are already available, despite their high price. Still, if liquid lenses become more mainstream, the price is certain to come down in the future. 1．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us? A．How the lenses are fixed. B．How the lenses work. C．How the lenses bear more weight. D．How the lenses are created. 2．Which words best describe 32°N glasses? A．Heavy but effective. B．Costly but multi-functional. C．Creative but easily-broken. D．Energy-saving but inflexible. 3．What can we know about 32°N glasses from the last paragraph? A．They haven`t reached consumers. B．Theyllcurewearers eye illnesses. C．They have replaced the old sunglasses. D．They`re a breakthrough in the glasses industry. 4．In which section of a website may the text appear? A．Education. B．Sports. C．Science. D．Entertainment. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种由Deep Optics公司使用像素化液晶(PLC)镜片开发的32°N自适应眼镜。这种眼镜既可以作为保护眼镜使用，也可以作为可调节的阅读眼镜。 1．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“The lenses are set in frames containing a distance meter on the bridge, which measures the distance from the wearer`s face to objects. The meter then sends a signal to adjust the diopters of the lenses. This adjustment can happen quickly, letting the user focus from one object to another clearly and accurately in 14 milliseconds.”（镜片安装在镜框中，镜架上有一个距离计，可以测量佩戴者脸部到物体的距离。然后仪表发送一个信号来调整镜片的屈光度。这种调整可以快速发生，让用户在14毫秒内清晰准确地从一个物体聚焦到另一个物体。）可知，这一段主要告诉我们镜头的工作原理。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“At $849 per pair, 32°N glasses are not cheap, but they do relieve you of the need to carry two pairs of eyeglasses with you.”（32°N眼镜每副售价849美元，并不便宜，但它确实让你不必随身携带两副眼镜。）以及“No more changing between reading and distance glasses, as after adjusting the liquid crystal lenses to your needs, all you have to do is a slide on the right frame to change their focus between close and far distances.”（无需在阅读眼镜和远距离眼镜之间切换，因为根据您的需要调整液晶镜片后，您所要做的就是在右侧镜框上滑动，以在近距离和远距离之间改变其焦点。）可知，眼镜的价格不菲，但它们让你不用携带两副眼镜，因为它能够实现阅读眼镜和远距离眼镜之间的切换，即有多项功能。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“These adaptive sunglasses are a giant step forward, ridding the need for single-use lenses.”（这些自适应太阳镜是向前迈出的一大步，不再需要一次性镜片。）可知，这些自适应太阳镜是向前迈出的一大步，消除了对一次性镜片的需要，即32°N眼镜是“眼镜行业的一大突破”。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，主要介绍了一种由Deep Optics公司使用像素化液晶(PLC)镜片开发的32°N自适应眼镜。这种眼镜既可以作为保护眼镜使用，也可以作为可调节的阅读眼镜。这是一种科技产品，因此文章可能出现在网站中科学相关的部分。故选C项。 4.（23-24高一下·山东威海·期末） The time for action is now, at least when it comes to climate change. If we don’t take measures that limit global warming, it may be impossible to stop its progress, according to a study published in 2018. The study claims that in 2035, we will cross a point of no return — after which it will be extremely unlikely that we can stop Earth’s temperature from rising by 2 degrees Celsius (2℃) and kicking off dangerous global disasters. The 2℃ mark is very important for Earth’s well-being. Once the planet warms an additional 2℃, scientists predict a range of disastrous effects, from widespread flooding in coastal areas to burning heat waves and extreme storms. One important area that could slow the movement toward a point of no return in 2035 is the changing from fossil fuels (矿物燃料) to renewable energy sources. But even this will require significant progress. Scientists have figured that the share of renewables worldwide must grow by at least 2 percent each year in order to slow the process toward climate change. Two percent a year may not sound like much, but in the 20 years leading up to 2017, the percentage of energy from renewables grew by a poor total of 3.6 percent. There is hope, though. If the use of renewable energy were to go beyond the scientists’ model, say by 5 percent per each year, the climate change deadline (最后期限) could move back by at least a decade, the researchers note. Also, developing technology to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere could help slow climate change. These gases change Earth’s atmosphere and allow it to capture more heat from the sun and cause temperatures to rise. “We hope that ‘having a deadline’ may stimulate the sense of urgency to act for policy makers,” Henk Dijkstra, one of the study authors, said. “Very little time is left.” 1．What might happen once the Earth warms an additional 2℃? A．The climate system will be rebuilt. B．Global warming is uncontrollable. C．Natural disasters become unavoidable. D．Timely action will no longer be necessary. 2．What does the underlined “this” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．The advances of scientific research. B．The shift from fossil fuels to renewables. C．The process of slowing down climate change. D．The increase of public environmental awareness. 3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The limitation of scientists’ model. B．Possible solutions to slowing climate change. C．The value of the ‘point of no return’ concept. D．Serious effects of greenhouse gases on Earth. 4．Why do the researchers set a deadline? A．To stress the need of global cooperation. B．To call on people to use renewable energy. C．To urge policy makers to take immediate action. D．To show their determination to stop global warming. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要描述了全球变暖的发展趋势和即将产生的危害，并敦促决策者要立即采取行动加以应对。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Once the planet warms an additional 2℃, scientists predict a range of disastrous effects, from widespread flooding in coastal areas to burning heat waves and extreme storms.”(科学家们预测，一旦地球温度再升高2摄氏度，就会产生一系列灾难性的影响，从沿海地区的大范围洪水到燃烧的热浪和极端风暴。)可知，一旦地球温度再升高2℃，就很可能无法避免地发生自然灾害。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据第四段“One important area that could slow the movement toward a point of no return in 2035 is the changing from fossil fuels(矿物燃料) to renewable energy sources.”(一个可能会减缓2035年走向不可逆转的临界点的重要领域，是从化石燃料到可再生能源的转变。)和划线词所在句“But even this will require significant progress.”(但甚至这样也需要取得重大进展。)可知，“this”指的是上句所提到的“the changing from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources(从化石燃料到可再生能源的转变)”，即the shift from fossil fuels to renewables(从化石燃料到可再生能源的转变)。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据第五段“If the use of renewable energy were to go beyond the scientists’ model, say by 5 percent per each year, the climate change deadline (最后期限) could move back by at least a decade, the researchers note. Also, developing technology to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere could help slow climate change.”(研究人员指出，如果可再生能源的使用超过科学家的范例，比如每年增加5%，那么气候变化的最后期限可能会推迟至少十年。此外，开发从大气中去除温室气体的技术也有助于减缓气候变化。)可知，该段主要讲述了可能减缓气候变化的解决方案。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段研究者Henk Dijkstra的话“We hope that ‘having a deadline’ may stimulate the sense of urgency to act for policy makers,”(我们希望“设定最后期限”可能会激发决策者采取行动的紧迫感)可知，研究者们设定最后期限是为了敦促决策者立即采取行动。故选C。 5.（23-24高一下·山东威海·期末） Every year, travelers head to South America to be amazed at the vast glaciers, huge open skies and high mountains. But at Omora Ethnobotanical Park on Tierra del Fuego, visitors are encouraged to think small. Tierra del Fuego, a remote island at the tip of South America, might offer little in terms of animals and trees, but when it comes to bryophytes (苔藓植物), it is among the richest corners of the planet. In the area that covers less than 0.01% of the Earth’s land surface, more than 5% of the world’s bryophyte species is found. On entering the park, you’re given a magnifying lens (放大镜). Guided by plant experts, you are invited to get down on your hands and knees to explore the little-known world of Tierra del Fuego’s “miniature forests” — the bryophytes that cover the rocks and trees. Focus is key: as you tiptoe through the park, it is easy to miss or even step on them. I wondered how interesting mosses could be. But when I got up close, they started to come to life. Shapes and colours appeared that were not visible to the naked eye. One plant was bright yellow, while another was green with a bright red tip like a little hat. One of the strangest plants is Old Man’s Beard, which looks like thin noodles and hangs off the trees in webs. According to my guide Lily Lewis, it plays an important role in the growth of the forest, capturing nutrients (营养) and salts blown in on the ocean wind. Old Man’s Beard is extremely vulnerable to pollution, and has all but disappeared across much of the planet. But in Tierra del Fuego, where the air and rain are among the cleanest on the planet, it grows wildly. “The hand lens is your entry point into the world of the miniature forests,” Lewis said. “Looking through a lens reminds you that there are other viewpoints from which we can see the world.” 1．Which title best describes Tierra del Fuego? A．A wonderland for tiny plants. B．A unique place for rare species. C．A top destination for hiking lovers. D．A remote land with different landscapes. 2．What quality is highly valued while exploring Omora Ethnobotanical Park? A．Curiosity and creativity. B．Quickness and confidence. C．Calmness and attentiveness. D．Determination and courage. 3．Which can best replace the underlined word “vulnerable”? A．Sensitive. B．Adaptable. C．Beneficial. D．Resistant. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Eco-tourism in Tierra del Fuego B．An Encounter with Old Man’s Beard C．A Tiny Forest on the Tip of the World D．Start Your Journey of Discovery, Now! 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火地岛的奥莫拉民族植物公园里的苔藓植物组成了一个微型森林世界。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Tierra del Fuego, a remote island at the tip of South America, might offer little in terms of animals and trees, but when it comes to bryophytes (苔藓植物), it is among the richest corners of the planet. In the area that covers less than 0.01% of the Earth’s land surface, more than 5% of the world’s bryophyte species is found.(火地岛是南美洲的一个偏远岛屿，在动物和树木方面可能很少，但说到苔藓植物，它是地球上最丰富的角落之一。在地球陆地面积不到0.01%的地区，发现了世界上超过5%的苔藓植物物种)”可知，火地岛虽小，但拥有世界上超过5%的苔藓植物物种，“火地岛是小植物的仙境”适合做标题。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Focus is key: as you tiptoe through the park, it is easy to miss or even step on them.(集中注意力是关键：当你蹑手蹑脚地穿过公园时，很容易错过甚至踩到它们)”可知，在探索奥莫拉民族植物公园时，冷静和专注是最重要的。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“But in Tierra del Fuego, where the air and rain are among the cleanest on the planet, it grows wildly.(但在火地岛，那里的空气和雨水是地球上最干净的，它疯狂地生长)”以及划线词句“Old Man’s Beard is extremely vulnerable to pollution, and has all but disappeared across much of the planet.(Old Man’s Beard对污染极其vulnerable，几乎在地球的大部分地区都消失了)”可知，火地岛环境非常好，Old Man’s Beard在火地岛生长得很好，说明对污染很敏感，在地球上的大部分地区几乎都消失了。故划线词意思是“敏感的”。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第三段“On entering the park, you’re given a magnifying lens (放大镜). Guided by plant experts, you are invited to get down on your hands and knees to explore the little-known world of Tierra del Fuego’s “miniature forests” — the bryophytes that cover the rocks and trees.(一进入公园，你就会得到一个放大镜。在植物专家的指导下，您将被邀请跪下来探索火地岛鲜为人知的“微型森林”世界——覆盖在岩石和树木上的苔藓植物)”结合文章主要介绍了火地岛的奥莫拉民族植物公园里的苔藓植物组成了一个微型森林世界。可知，C选项“世界之巅的小森林”最符合文章标题。故选C。 6.（23-24高一下·山东威海·期末） While West Africa’s Benin approaches its rainy season, occasional showers and sticky hot weather have done little to lessen the enthusiasm of local villagers who gathered to watch the first Benin Village Super League. Soccer teams from two villages in Parakou, a central city in Benin, competed on a soccer field near the base of the Chinese support mission for cotton production in Benin, in Belle Cite Village. For the past decade, the China-assisted cotton technology project has been active in Parakou, a major cotton-producing region in Benin. The long-term technical assistance has built strong relationships with villagers. When the project team learned that the former soccer field had been expropriated (征用), they decided to build a new one using agricultural machinery and recycled materials. Last summer, videos of some soccer matches in Rongjiang county, Southwest China’s Guizhou province, went popular and attracted worldwide tourists. Inspired by this, the Village Super League in Parakou includes cultural performances during halftime, featuring Chinese martial arts and Beninese dance. “Locals love soccer and I wanted to bring this model here and set up a similar league,” said Shou Xiaoyong, head of the Chinese technical team. Named the Friendship Football Field, the new facility was opened in March last year. It quickly became the preferred place for soccer among villagers in Belle Cite and nearby areas, hosting regular matches, especially during agricultural downtimes. As the tournament progressed, its popularity rose. Villagers from surrounding areas traveled on motorcycles with their children to watch the matches. Yves Koba, the head of Belle Cite Village, praised the Village Super League for promoting (促进) communication and friendship among villages. “The league has made us more united. I hope it continues and that our villagers achieve even better results next year.” 1．What has caused excitement among the villagers in Parakou? A．The first village league. B．The China-assisted project. C．The newly-built football field. D．The start of the harvest season. 2．For what reason was the Friendship Football Field built? A．To attract worldwide tourists. B．To provide a place for soccer lovers. C．To inspire locals’ love for soccer. D．To bring Chinese culture into focus. 3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How popular football is in Benin. B．How the new football field was built. C．What Benin Village Super League is like. D．Why Chinese village league model was introduced. 4．What does Yves Koba think of the Village Super League in Benin? A．It brings in huge money. B．It promotes cross-cultural exchanges. C．It forms a new tradition. D．It strengthens friendship among villages. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在中国援助下，贝宁的一个村庄如何通过足球联赛加强社区凝聚力和文化交流的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“While West Africa’s Benin approaches its rainy season, occasional showers and sticky hot weather have done little to lessen the enthusiasm of local villagers who gathered to watch the first Benin Village Super League.(虽然西非的贝宁即将进入雨季，但偶尔的阵雨和闷热的天气丝毫没有影响聚集在一起观看第一届贝宁乡村超级联赛的当地村民的热情)”可知，第一届乡村联赛让帕拉库的村民感到兴奋。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“ “Locals love soccer and I wanted to bring this model here and set up a similar league,” said Shou Xiaoyong, head of the Chinese technical team.(“当地人热爱足球，我想把这种模式带到这里，建立一个类似的联赛，”中国技术团队负责人首晓勇说)”和第四段“Named the Friendship Football Field, the new facility was opened in March last year. It quickly became the preferred place for soccer among villagers in Belle Cite and nearby areas, hosting regular matches, especially during agricultural downtimes.(这个名为“友谊足球场”的新设施于去年3月投入使用。它很快成为Belle Cite及附近地区村民的首选足球场地，定期举办比赛，特别是在农闲时节。)”可知，建友谊足球场的目的是为足球爱好者提供一个场所。故选B项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段的内容“Last summer, videos of some soccer matches in Rongjiang county, Southwest China’s Guizhou province, went popular and attracted worldwide tourists. Inspired by this, the Village Super League in Parakou includes cultural performances during halftime, featuring Chinese martial arts and Beninese dance. “Locals love soccer and I wanted to bring this model here and set up a similar league,” said Shou Xiaoyong, head of the Chinese technical team.(去年夏天，中国西南部贵州省榕江县的一些足球比赛视频变得非常流行，并吸引了来自世界各地的游客。受到这一点的启发，帕拉库的乡村超级联赛在中场休息时加入了文化表演，其中包括中国的武术和贝宁的传统舞蹈。“当地人热爱足球，我想把这种模式带到这里，建立一个类似的联赛，”中国技术团队负责人首晓勇说)”可知，第三段主要是说为什么要引进中国乡村联赛模式。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子“Yves Koba, the head of Belle Cite Village, praised the Village Super League for promoting ( 促进 ) communication and friendship among villages. “The league has made us more united. I hope it continues and that our villagers achieve even better results next year.”(Belle Cite村村长伊夫·科巴称赞乡村超级联赛促进了村庄之间的交流和友谊。“联赛让我们更加团结。我希望它能继续下去，我们的村民明年能取得更好的成绩。”)”可知，科巴认为联赛加强了村庄之间的友谊。故选D项。 7.（23-24高一下·山东威海·期末） Horses have always held a special place in the hearts of many famous artists. Let’s explore some of the most well-known paintings of horses by famous artists.      Chinese Horse at Lascaux Cave This Chinese Horse painting was first discovered in 1940 at the prehistoric cave art sites, Lascaux, in France. The painting earned its name for looking like the style of a Sung Chinese painting of a horse. Early artists created their own paintbrushes from animal skin and hair and also employed a spray (喷洒) painting technique using a hollow (空心的) reed to blow pigment through.      Whistlejacket Whistlejacket depicts a life-sized racehorse against a plain background. One of the most unique features of this painting is that it does not situate the horse in any particular location. Rather, it focuses only on the details and character of the horse in question. In a way, Stubbs captures the spirit of the horse that suggests freedom of spirit, not tied to any background or environment, which makes this horse painting quite special for its time.     Horse Frightened by Lightning In Horse Frightened by Lightning, a white horse is frightened by the lightning, standing on its hind legs in a storm. The daring color choices and detailed brushwork captures the reaction of the animal with care, showing panic and terror. The unpleasant weather is highlighted by the strong contrast created between the horse and the dark black and gray clouds that cover the entire sky. The symbolism found in most Romantic horse paintings includes themes of passion, power, nobility, and intense emotion. 1．What do we know about Chinese Horse? A．It employed colors daringly. B．It was painted on animal skins. C．It was a Sung Chinese painting. D．It used a spray painting approach. 2．What theme is commonly found in Romantic horse paintings? A．Freedom of spirit. B．Strong emotion. C．Connection with animals. D．Power of nature. 3．Where might the text be taken from? A．An art magazine article. B．An art festival guide. C．An art exhibition poster. D．An art history lecture. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了马在许多著名艺术家的心中一直占有特殊的地位，文章重点介绍了一些著名艺术家最著名的马画。 1．细节理解题。根据Chinese Horse at Lascaux Cave中“Early artists created their own paintbrushes from animal skin and hair and also employed a spray (喷洒) painting technique using a hollow (空心的) reed to blow pigment through.”（早期的艺术家们用动物的皮肤和毛发制作了他们自己的画笔，也采用了一种用中空芦苇吹颜料的喷洒绘画技术。）可知，中国马画使用了一种喷洒的方法。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据Horse Frightened by Lightning中“The symbolism found in most Romantic horse paintings includes themes of passion, power, nobility, and intense emotion.”（在大多数浪漫主义的马画中发现的象征主义包括激情、权力、高贵和强烈的情感。）可知，浪漫主义马画中常见的主题是强烈的情感。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Horses have always held a special place in the hearts of many famous artists. Let’s explore some of the most well-known paintings of horses by famous artists.”（马在许多著名艺术家的心中一直占有特殊的地位。让我们来探索一些著名艺术家最著名的马画。）可知，文章主要讲的是一些著名艺术家最著名的马画。由此可推知，这篇文章可能出自一篇艺术杂志文章。故选A项。 8.（23-24高一下·山东聊城·期末） I hate losses. Two months ago, I went crazy when I looked for the wallet I’d lost. Checking every pocket, I got increasingly anxious. The money, the credit cards, the driver’s license, and the social security card in my wallet kept flashing through my mind. Whoever found the wallet could steal my identity, run up huge expenses, and put me in financial danger! My heart was pounding. I felt so flustered that I didn’t go to work, not knowing what to do. Subsequently, I called the credit card companies and canceled my cards. Then I realized that I drove without a license, so I took time off to go to the registry to get a new one. That night, I couldn’t sleep. I had a pain in my chest. I thought I was having a heart attack. After a couple of hours of tests at the hospital, I was told that it was just an anxiety attack. Losing my wallet was no big deal; I just had to cancel the cards, get a new license, and buy a new wallet. I lost a few bills, but so what? However, I was deeply troubled by it. Frankly, we all hate losses. Daniel Kahneman, an Israeli psychologist, found that people are generally more afraid of losing things than they’re eager to gain. This phenomenon is called loss aversion (厌恶). In a typical study, when people were asked if they would rather get $500 for sure or a lottery ticket (彩票) with a 50-50 chance of winning $1000, they generally chose the former. But when they were asked if they would rather lose $500 for sure or get a lottery ticket that offers 50 percent chance of losing$1000, most people chose to take the risk. In both cases, the chances are the same but people’s choices are different. In fact, the emotions associated with loss formed a long time ago. Loss was always frightening and damaging for people then, and it’s still with us. Indeed, that’s why I blew the simple loss of a wallet out of proportion. 1．What happened to the author two months ago? A．He faced a financial crisis. B．He suffered a heart attack. C．He lost his wallet. D．He was blamed by his boss. 2．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “flustered” in paragraph 2? A．Embarrassed. B．Tired. C．Strange. D．Upset. 3．What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A．It is hard to win the lottery. B．People tend to lose less in order to get more later. C．It is worth taking risks to get a small fortune. D．People prefer avoiding losses to getting possible benefits. 4．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the story? A．To explain what loss aversion is. B．To complain about his misfortune in his life. C．To provide advice on protecting personal property. D．To persuade people to concentrate on their work. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章作者通过自身丢钱包的经历，解释了什么是损失厌恶。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Two months ago, I went crazy when I looked for the wallet I’d lost.(两个月前，当我寻找丢失的钱包时，我发疯了)”可知，两个月前作者丢了钱包。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“that I didn’t go to work, not knowing what to do”以及第二段“Subsequently, I called the credit card companies and canceled my cards. Then I realized that I drove without a license, so I took time off to go to the registry to get a new one.(随后，我打电话给信用卡公司取消了我的信用卡。然后我意识到我没有驾照，所以我请假去登记处办了一张新驾照)”可知，作者丢了钱包很沮丧，没有去上班，不知道该做什么，处理了很多事情。故划线词意思是“沮丧的”。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Daniel Kahneman, an Israeli psychologist, found that people are generally more afraid of losing things than they’re eager to gain. This phenomenon is called loss aversion (厌恶).(以色列心理学家丹尼尔·卡尼曼发现，人们通常更害怕失去东西，而不是渴望得到东西。这种现象被称为损失厌恶)”可知，人们宁愿避免损失，也不愿获得可能的利益。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“Frankly, we all hate losses. Daniel Kahneman, an Israeli psychologist, found that people are generally more afraid of losing things than they’re eager to gain. This phenomenon is called loss aversion (厌恶). (坦率地说，我们都讨厌损失。以色列心理学家丹尼尔·卡尼曼发现，人们通常更害怕失去东西，而不是渴望得到东西。这种现象被称为损失厌恶)”结合文章通过自身丢钱包的经历，解释了什么是损失厌恶。可知，作者写这个故事的目的是解释什么是损失厌恶。故选A。 9.（23-24高一下·山东日照·期末） Over the years, many scientists have attempted to explain why spending time in green spaces can reduce feelings of stress and anxiety, from their supposed ability to clean the air to their mysterious effects on our brains. The most common saying I tend to hear is that plants, particularly houseplants, clean the air. The latest research now suggests that in indoor spaces you would need a lot of them before you see any noticeable benefit. How many? Well, several hundred per square meter of living space to achieve the same benefit of simply opening a window. What we do know, however, is that there is something unusual about the color green that seems to affect how our brains function. Researchers investigating the effect of exercise on psychological well-being have found that seeing views of the natural world on screens had additional benefits over and above the workout alone. However, when they changed the screens to show the same views in black and white or in shades of red, the effect was markedly reduced compared to the original green. This may mean that having evergreen species in your garden or even something as simple as painting your fence green might contribute to its effect. Similarly, designing your garden to require higher maintenance (维护) so that it is not simply somewhere to sunbathe in summer may improve the beneficial effect by encouraging gentle workouts. Low-impact, prolonged exercise, such as gardening, can burn more calories (卡路里) than a hard-hitting gym session, despite feeling easier. It is a way of being active that may appeal to far more people. Gardening is also a classic form of practicing mindfulness, which can help to focus our thoughts on the here and now, distracting us from any worries or stresses. Mindfulness exercises are well-documented to have a positive impact on psychological well-being. So act now, embrace (接受) the power of greenery and turn your garden into a welcoming space. 1．Which factor determines houseplants’ effect on cleaning the air? A．Their quantity. B．Their colors. C．Their varieties. D．Their placement. 2．What is a benefit of seeing the color green during exercise? A．Promoting sports technique. B．Burning more calories. C．Increasing intelligence level. D．Improving mental health. 3．What contributes to the popularity of gardening? A．It is accessible and effective. B．It is affordable and appealing. C．It requires higher maintenance. D．It offers a connection with nature. 4．Why is gardening a form of mindfulness? A．It helps develop a sense of success. B．It frees us from our daily matters. C．It directs our attention to the present. D．It encourages learning and creativity. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了绿色空间对人们的心理健康的积极影响，以及园艺活动的益处。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The latest research now suggests that in indoor spaces you would need a lot of them before you see any noticeable benefit. How many? Well, several hundred per square meter of living space to achieve the same benefit of simply opening a window.”（最新的研究现在表明，在室内空间，你需要很多植物才能看到任何明显的效果。需要多少呢？好吧，每平方米的生活空间需要几百个，才能达到简单开窗的效果。）可知，决定室内植物清洁空气效果的因素是它们的数量。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Researchers investigating the effect of exercise on psychological well-being have found that seeing views of the natural world on screens had additional benefits over and above the workout alone. However, when they changed the screens to show the same views in black and white or in shades of red, the effect was markedly reduced compared to the original green.”（研究运动对心理健康的影响的研究人员发现，看到屏幕上的自然景色对于运动本身有额外的好处。然而，当他们改变屏幕显示同样的景色为黑白或红色时，效果明显减弱，与原来的绿色相比。）可知，运动时看到绿色的好处是改善心理健康。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Similarly, designing your garden to require higher maintenance (维护) so that it is not simply somewhere to sunbathe in summer may improve the beneficial effect by encouraging gentle workouts. Low-impact, prolonged exercise, such as gardening, can burn more calories (卡路里) than a hard-hitting gym session, despite feeling easier. It is a way of being active that may appeal to far more people.”（同样地，把你的花园设计成需要更多的维护，这样它就不仅仅是一个夏天晒日光浴的地方，这样可以通过鼓励温和的锻炼来提高有益的效果。低强度、长时间的运动，比如园艺，可以比剧烈运动的健身房燃烧更多的卡路里，尽管感觉更轻松。这是一种活跃的方式，可能会吸引更多的人。）可推知，园艺活动的普及性在于它既易以获得又有效。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Gardening is also a classic form of practicing mindfulness, which can help to focus our thoughts on the here and now, distracting us from any worries or stresses.”（园艺也是练习正念的一种经典形式，它可以帮助我们把注意力集中在当下，分散我们对任何担忧或压力的注意力）可知，园艺也是一种典型的正念练习方式，是因为它引导我们关注当下。故选C。 10（23-24高一下·山东日照·期末） I think it all started with microwaves. A typical microwave can cook an entire chicken in 16minutes. That’s 3 times faster than the best convection oven (对流烤箱). We still stand in front of microwaves, impatiently tapping our feet, waiting for popcorn to pop. Modern consumer technology and the Internet have only amplified that convenience impatience. We have emails that literally travel around the world in seconds, and yet we still ask the recipient: Did you get it? Where is it? It should be there. A file that takes more than 10 seconds to download is considered a crime. And we’re suddenly faced with a digital queue. The system can’t serve us all at once and asks us to wait. But waiting is a chain in our DNA that is breaking up. This leads to the toe tapping, fingers pianoing on the desk, pen chewing, and eventually hair-pulling as if the thought of waiting a few minutes will drive us mad. Millennials and Gen Z are products of an instant-response childhood. They’ve long lived in a world where their every thought is met with instant response in texts and social media. In real life, these same people have no idea how to wait for a response. The assumption (设想) is that real world works exactly the same as digital. But the system in a company or government doesn’t move at anything near digital speed. In fact, it often moves as slowly as it did in the pre-Internet age. There’s a disconnect between these waits and most of our lives lived through technology. We are biology living in a digital space, enjoying the benefits of instant answers and access, but unable to change our own programming to match its speed. Operating at digital and Internet speed is a great benefit, but we forget that somewhere in the instant access path is often a comparatively slow-moving and slow-thinking human, who can only do so much, and only at a certain pace. When people say slow down, take a breath, they usually mean that you should step back from a busy moment. But this should also include stepping back from your instant-access existence to see that not everything can happen right away. Most of the time, it just doesn’t need to. 1．What does the underlined word “amplified” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Balanced. B．Worsened. C．Maintained. D．Weakened. 2．What is people’s reaction towards a digital queue? A．They lose patience to wait. B．They get embarrassed. C．They enjoy waiting to be served. D．They consider it as normal. 3．What do we know about Millennials and Gen Z? A．They are lacking in social experience. B．They desire for immediate responses. C．They are deeply influenced by the social media. D．They have a good understanding of the real word. 4．What can be concluded from the text? A．Accept things happen at their own pace. B．Go for instant response at any time. C．Make sure everything happens right away. D．Step back to see what has happened. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，本文讨论了现代科技与互联网带来的便利使人们变得更加急躁，无法耐心等待，尤其是对于那些习惯于即时回应的千禧一代和Z世代。文章建议我们需要适应现实世界中的等待，并认识到并非所有事情都需要立即完成。 1．词句猜测题。文章第二段后两句话“We have emails that literally travel around the world in seconds, and yet we still ask the recipient: Did you get it? Where is it? It should be there. A file that takes more than 10 seconds to download is considered a crime. (我们的电子邮件在几秒钟内就能传遍世界，但我们仍然会问收件人：你收到了吗？它应该发送过去了。下载时间超过10秒的文件将被视为犯罪。)”用生活中的实例来解释与印证第一句话，即现代消费科技和互联网进一步加剧了人们的不耐烦，使这种情况更糟糕。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后两句话“But waiting is a chain in our DNA that is breaking up. This leads to the toe tapping, fingers pianoing on the desk, pen chewing, and eventually hair-pulling as if the thought of waiting a few minutes will drive us mad. (但等待是我们DNA中正在断裂的一条链。这就导致了敲脚趾，手指在桌子上弹钢琴，咬笔，最后拉头发，好像等上几分钟就会让我们发疯似的。)”可知，当人们面对线上等位的时候会有种种不耐烦的表现，如脚敲地，手敲桌子，咬钢笔等，好像一想到还得等几分钟就会让我们发疯，我们天生就不喜欢等待，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段前三句话“Millennials and Gen Z are products of an instant-response childhood. They’ve long lived in a world where their every thought is met with instant response in texts and social media. In real life, these same people have no idea how to wait for a response. (千禧一代和Z世代是快速反应童年的产物。长期以来，他们一直生活在这样一个世界里：他们的每一个想法都会在短信和社交媒体上得到即时回应。在现实生活中，这些人不知道如何等待回应。)”可知，千禧一代和Z世代渴望得到即时回应，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“When people say slow down, take a breath, they usually mean that you should step back from a busy moment. But this should also include stepping back from your instant-access existence to see that not everything can happen right away. Most of the time, it just doesn’t need to. (当人们说慢下来，深呼吸时，他们通常的意思是你应该从忙碌的时刻退后一步。但这也应该包括从即时访问的存在中退一步，看到不是所有事情都可以立即发生。大多数时候，它根本不需要。)”可知，我们应该明白并非所有事情都能马上发生而且大多数时候，也没必要这样，我们应该学会等待，学会接受万事发生皆有时，故选A。 11.（23-24高一下·山东济宁·期末） We are in a time of crisis (危机) when it comes to the planet’s limited energy resources. We have to quit our bad habits and focus on more sustainable (可持续的) solutions. But while we are rightly concentrating on Earth’s energy balance, we are ignoring the signs that our own bodies are running on empty. According to a 2023 meta-analysis, one in five worldwide is living with fatigue (疲劳) unrelated to a medical condition. The fast speed of life and work sends stress levels skyrocketing and wears people out. A poor diet, lack of physical activity or mental health conditions including anxiety, can also lead to feeling tired. Popular advice to keep fatigue at bay is always to “do more”. Top of the list of things you can do to help is to “have a healthy diet and exercise regularly”. However, 35 percent of UK adults say that being “too tired” holds them back from having a healthier diet and doing more exercise. How can people cook new recipes if their existing lifestyle leaves them without any spare energy? How can someone go to the gym when every moment of the day is already taken up by work? Therefore, “do more” isn’t the best solution to our tiredness which is often marked by a lack of confidence in one’s ability to meet goals and produce good work. If eating healthier and exercising more feels impossible, being told to do these things might only weaken your faith in yourself further. Instead, we need to “do different” or “do smart”. For example, if you feel incapable of dealing with all of life’s demands, change the unnecessary for the achievable. Focus on doing something you know you are good at. And don’t use all your energy on the task you have to do. If all your time is spent working, you will miss out on the benefits of relaxation. And when work takes over your free time, it leads to lower overall well-being. Just like our planet, our body energy supplies aren’t limitless and we need to break our bad energy habits. 1．Which aspect of fatigue does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The causes. B．The examples. C．The effects. D．The features. 2．What might be the result of “do more” according to the author? A．Having a healthier lifestyle. B．Being energetic a whole day. C．Reducing your work productivity. D．Lowering your confidence further. 3．What does the author suggest people do? A．Work at all cost. B．Exercise regularly. C．Take a rest properly. D．Keep challenging yourself. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title? A．The Other Energy Crisis B．The Work Management C．The Stressful Lifestyle D．The Earth’s Energy Balance 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者讨论了现代社会普遍存在的疲劳问题，分析了造成疲劳的原因，并对如何解决这一问题提出了自己的观点。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“According to a 2023 meta-analysis, one in five worldwide is living with fatigue (疲劳) unrelated to a medical condition. The fast speed of life and work sends stress levels skyrocketing and wears people out. A poor diet, lack of physical activity or mental health conditions including anxiety, can also lead to feeling tired.(根据2023年的一项荟萃分析，全球五分之一的人患有与疾病无关的疲劳。快节奏的生活和工作使压力水平直线上升，使人疲惫不堪。不良的饮食、缺乏体育锻炼或包括焦虑在内的精神健康状况也会导致疲劳)”可知，本段主要讲的是疲劳的原因。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Therefore, “do more” isn’t the best solution to our tiredness which is often marked by a lack of confidence in one’s ability to meet goals and produce good work. If eating healthier and exercising more feels impossible, being told to do these things might only weaken your faith in yourself further.(因此，“多做”并不是解决疲劳的最佳方法，疲劳通常表现为对自己实现目标和完成好工作的能力缺乏信心。如果你觉得吃得更健康、锻炼得更多是不可能的，那么别人告诉你做这些事情可能只会进一步削弱你对自己的信心)”可知，“do more”的结果可能是进一步降低你的信心。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“For example, if you feel incapable of dealing with all of life’s demands, change the unnecessary for the achievable. Focus on doing something you know you are good at. And don’t use all your energy on the task you have to do. If all your time is spent working, you will miss out on the benefits of relaxation. And when work takes over your free time, it leads to lower overall well-being. Just like our planet, our body energy supplies aren’t limitless and we need to break our bad energy habits.(例如，如果你觉得自己无力应付生活中的所有需求，那就把不必要的事情换成可以做到的事情。专注于做你擅长的事情。不要把你所有的精力都用在你必须做的任务上。如果你所有的时间都花在工作上，你就会错过放松的好处。当工作占据了你的空闲时间，它会降低你的整体幸福感。就像我们的星球一样，我们的身体能量供应不是无限的，我们需要打破我们不良的能量习惯)”可知，作者建议人们好好休息。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“We are in a time of crisis (危机) when it comes to the planet’s limited energy resources. We have to quit our bad habits and focus on more sustainable (可持续的) solutions. But while we are rightly concentrating on Earth’s energy balance, we are ignoring the signs that our own bodies are running on empty.(当涉及到地球有限的能源资源时，我们正处于危机时期。我们必须改掉坏习惯，专注于更可持续的解决方案。但是，当我们正确地关注地球的能量平衡时，我们忽视了我们自己的身体正在空虚的迹象)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讨论了现代社会普遍存在的疲劳问题，所以A项“The Other Energy Crisis(另一场能源危机)”是本文最好的标题。故选A项。 12.（23-24高一下·山东济宁·期末） Ponds are a rich source of biodiversity, providing natural environments for many rare and endangered species, including plants, insects, birds and bats. Ponds show far greater variation than rivers and streams. Yet, for a century or so, ponds have been ignored by scientists. Why have we overlooked such a significant part of the natural world? A key reason appears to be the cognitive bias (认知偏见) where we assume that if something is small, it can’t be all that important. Rather than study ponds, biologists in the past typically headed for the largest lake or river they could find. Most of us also devalue ponds because we assume they are human-made habitats and don’t realize that these waters have a deeply ancient origin. Ponds have clearly existed on Earth as long as there has been land and water and the geological record shows they have been a long-lasting presence. Ignoring ponds within science has had a big impact on our ability to protect their wildlife. It has created a world view in which policy-makers can simply ignore the big networks of ponds that make up so much of the global water environment. In Europe, for example, the Water Framework Directive mostly excludes any bodies of water smaller than 50 hectares. Fortunately, views are changing. Last year, the Ramsar Convention, an international agreement, introduced a resolution (决议) on small wetlands, including ponds, giving more recognition to them. And the European Union-funded PONDERFUL project is gathering data on Europe’s ponds. However, if we want to make use of the biodiversity power that ponds offer, there remains much to do. In a world where fresh water faces big challenges, creating and protecting ponds provides a ray of hope: a piece of natural ecological engineering we can easily achieve to help support biodiversity. 1．What can be learned about ponds from paragraph 1? A．They are difficult to research. B．They fail to get due attention. C．They are too small to support wildlife. D．They have greater importance than rivers. 2．What does the cognitive bias assume? A．Ponds are short-lived. B．Rivers are fully-developed. C．Small things are unimportant. D．Natural habitats are unnoticed. 3．Why is the Water Framework Directive mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To solve a problem. B．To present a fact. C．To prove a point. D．To make a comparison. 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Exploring ponds has a long way to go. B．Ecological diversity is easy to realize. C．Fresh water supply can meet our needs. D．Building ponds can promote economy. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了池塘是生物多样性的重要来源，为许多稀有和濒危的物种提供了自然环境，但是，长久以来，池塘一直被忽视。因此，人们需要改变对池塘的认知偏见，对池塘投入研究，才能发挥池塘的生物多样性力量。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段末尾句内容“Yet, for a century or so, ponds have been ignored by scientists.(然而，大约一个世纪以来，池塘一直被科学家们所忽视。)”可知，大约一个世纪以来，池塘一直都被科学家们所忽视，即，它们没有得到应有的重视。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“A key reason appears to be the cognitive bias where we assume that if something is small, it can’t be all that important.(一个关键原因似乎是认知偏见，我们认为如果某物很小，就不可能那么重要。)”可知，认知偏见认为“小的事物不重要”。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。分析前后文语境可知，该内容的前一句“It has created a world view in which policy-makers can simply ignore the big networks of ponds that make up so much of the global water environment.(它创造了一种世界观，在这种世界观中，政策制定者可以简单地忽略构成全球水环境很大一部分的大型池塘网络。)”提出一个论点“政策制定者可以简单地忽略构成全球水环境很大一部分的大型池塘网络”，然后用“In Europe, for example, the Water Framework Directive mostly excludes any bodies of water smaller than 50 hectares.(例如，在欧洲，《水框架指令》大多排除了任何小于50公顷的水体。)”这一政府官方文件进行了举例证明。由此可推知，提及《水框架指令》是为了证明论点。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章末尾段落内容“However, if we want to make use of the biodiversity power that ponds offer, there remains much to do.(然而，如果我们想要利用池塘提供的生物多样性力量，还有很多事情要做。)”可知，要想利用池塘的生物多样性力量，还需要投入大量的研究。由此可推知，作者暗示“探索池塘还有很长的路要走。”故选A项。 13.（23-24高一下·山东德州·期末） Stress is a modern epidemic, but among all the stress management strategies out there we are forgetting one essential solution—taking time for rest. For a long time, psychology was based on a clear division between body and mind. Psychologists focused almost only on what went on between our ears. The body was not their responsibility. That was the work of medical doctors and gym instructors. Recently, however, there has been a growing realisation within psychology circles that the body and mind are deeply related to each other, far more than anyone ever imagined. The most recent insights have revealed that our mental health is determined to a large extent by our physical condition. When you are feeling poorly, you can combat it by taking better care of your body. Physical exercise helps to relieve depression. A healthy sleeping pattern also offers protection against all kinds of psychological disorders, and a healthy diet is known to reduce stress. Moments of rest and relaxation ought to occupy a more prominent place in our lives. These significant moments should not be regarded as a kind of “waste of time” in between jobs but as a natural and fundamental part of our way of life. Rest is actually crucial to our well-being and is good for both body and mind. We all need at least a little time to think, to reflect on life and even just to be bored. At school, the key should not only be that you have to do your very best every day, but also that you can only perform at your peak when you are adequately rested. It is only when we fully embrace rest that we will be able to take a stand against stress and burnout. Your free time is meant for relaxation and recovery. Active free time is spent on things like hobbies, sport, friends and family. The other one is passive free time: reading, watching TV, resting. Ideally you get to enjoy both — one to divert your attention from work and the other to regroup and recover. 1．What do psychologists focus on recently? A．Ways to define psychology. B．Strategies to handle mental condition. C．Responsibilities for health. D．The relation between body and mind. 2．What does the underlined word “prominent” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Famous. B．Important. C．Sustainable. D．Passionate. 3．How can one reduce the pressure according to the author? A．By getting enough sleep. B．By going on a diet. C．By having a strong willpower. D．By centering more on work. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．What determines your mental health? B．How physical health affects our mind? C．The power of rest for stress management. D．The difference between active and passive rest. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了应对压力的一个基本解决方案——花时间休息。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Recently, however, there has been a growing realisation within psychology circles that the body and mind are deeply related to each other, far more than anyone ever imagined. The most recent insights have revealed that our mental health is determined to a large extent by our physical condition.(然而，最近心理学界越来越意识到，身体和心灵之间的联系比任何人想象的都要紧密。最新的见解表明，我们的心理健康在很大程度上取决于我们的身体状况)”可知，最近心理学家关注身体和心灵之间的关系。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Moments of rest and relaxation ought to occupy a more prominent place in our lives. These significant moments should not be regarded as a kind of “waste of time” in between jobs but as a natural and fundamental part of our way of life. Rest is actually crucial to our wellbeing and is good for both body and mind.(休息和放松的时刻应该在我们的生活中占据更加prominent地位。这些重要时刻不应被视为工作之间的一种“浪费时间”，而应视为我们生活方式中自然和基本的一部分。休息实际上对我们的健康至关重要，对身心都有好处)”可知，休息和放松对我们的健康至关重要，这样的时刻应该被视为生活方式中自然和基本的部分，由此可推知，它们应该在生活中占据更加重要的地位，划线单词表示“重要的”，与important意义相近。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“At school, the key should not only be that you have to do your very best every day, but also that you can only perform at your peak when you are adequately rested. It is only when we fully embrace rest that we will be able to take a stand against stress and burnout.(在学校，关键不仅是你必须每天尽最大努力，而且只有在充分休息的情况下，你才能达到最佳状态。只有当我们完全拥抱休息时，我们才能对抗压力和倦怠)”可知，作者认为只有通过获得足够的休息，才能减轻压力。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Stress is a modern epidemic, but among all the stress management strategies out there we are forgetting one essential solution—taking time for rest.(压力是一种现代流行病，但在所有的压力管理策略中，我们忘记了一个基本的解决方案——花时间休息)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了花时间休息可以应对压力，所以“休息对于压力管理的力量”适合作为文章标题。故选C。 14.（23-24高一下·山东德州·期末） Monarch butterflies are native to North America, and their range extends from southern Canada to northern South America. Every year, thousands of monarch butterflies travel between 1,200 and 2,800 miles across the Americas on an awe-inspiring migratory journey, which is among the most remarkable scenes of animal migration in the world. In the process of finding food, monarch butterflies pollinate plants across the Americas, spreading pollen (花粉) from flower to flower and therefore playing an integral part in sustaining ecosystems. But these bright orange and white creatures have neared the edge of extinction in the past century. The plains and mountains where monarch butterflies once flourished have drastically changed, mostly due to urbanisation. Illegal logging activity has degraded the forest areas in the past three decades, cutting down the Oyamel fir tree on which monarchs hibernate in the winters. Pesticides not only kill off milkweed plants, but also harm the butterflies themselves. Lastly, the climate change also poses a threat to the habitats where monarchs breed and spend the winter. To protect the monarchs from extinction, governments have taken positive actions Communities also help protect monarch butterflies by planting milkweed in their gardens along their migratory routes. Milkweed is highly decorative and easy to grow in harmony with flower beds. Gardeners ensure to plant local milkweed to prevent spreading parasitic (寄生的) infections. According to experts, it is ideal to plant milkweed in the fall and to plant them in sunny areas, without using pesticides as this will harm the butterflies and their eggs. The joint work from federal and state agencies and communities to conserve these creatures and their habitats has paid off. More monarchs are being spotted in some areas currently. If this work is eventually successful, there may come a time when monarch numbers increase once again. 1．What critical roles do the monarchs play? A．Benefiting the tourism. B．Leading a new migration route. C．Maintaining the ecosystem. D．Bettering the agriculture practices. 2．What largely causes the monarchs to become endangered? A．Infectious diseases. B．Natural disasters. C．Human activities. D．Severe desertification. 3．What advice is given to gardeners in planting milkweeds? A．Choosing the native ones. B．Planting them in summer. C．Keeping them out of the sunshine. D．Using pesticides when necessary. 4．What is the author’s attitude to the future of the monarchs? A．Optimistic. B．Uncertain. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了北美洲的帝王蝴蝶在生态系统中的重要作用，以及由于人类活动和气候变化等因素导致它们濒临灭绝的情况。同时，文章也提到了保护帝王蝴蝶的一些措施和未来的展望。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In the process of finding food, monarch butterflies pollinate plants across the Americas, spreading pollen (花粉) from flower to flower and therefore playing an integral part in sustaining ecosystems.”（在寻找食物的过程中，帝王蝴蝶在美洲各地为植物授粉，将花粉从一朵花传到另一朵花，因此在维持生态系统中起着重要的作用。）可知，帝王蝴蝶在维持生态系统中起着重要的作用。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The plains and mountains where monarch butterflies once flourished have drastically changed, mostly due to urbanisation. Illegal logging activity has degraded the forest areas in the past three decades, cutting down the Oyamel fir tree on which monarchs hibernate in the winters. Pesticides not only kill off milkweed plants, but also harm the butterflies themselves. Lastly, the climate change also poses a threat to the habitats where monarchs breed and spend the winter.”（曾经帝王蝴蝶繁盛的平原和山区已经发生了剧变，主要是由于城市化。过去三十年里，非法伐木活动破坏了森林区域，砍伐了帝王蝴蝶冬眠的冷杉树。农药不仅杀死了乳草植物，也伤害了蝴蝶本身。最后，气候变化也对帝王蝴蝶繁殖和过冬的栖息地构成威胁。）可知，人类活动是导致帝王蝴蝶濒危的主要原因。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Gardeners ensure to plant local milkweed to prevent spreading parasitic (寄生的) infections.”（园丁们确保种植本地的乳草属植物以防止寄生感染的传播。）可知，建议园丁们种植乳草属植物选择本地的乳草。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If this work is eventually successful, there may come a time when monarch numbers increase once again.”（如果这项工作最终成功，可能会有一段时间帝王蝴蝶的数量再次增加。）可推知，作者对帝王蝴蝶的未来持乐观态度。故选A。 15.（23-24高一下·山东临沂·期末） Out of a total of 308,000 entries in the Oxford English Dictionary, just 366 words begin with the letter “x”, and very few of those make it into most people’s vocabulary. However, the letter is welcomed in popular culture and by brands, such as X-Files, X-Factor, X-man, X-rays and Planet X. The letter “x” has had somewhat puzzling history, perhaps contributing to its malleable (可塑的) meanings. It first came from a Phoenician letter called “samekh”, meaning fish. The Creeks borrowed it, called it “Chi”, used it for the “kh” sound and wrote it as a cross. The Romans later adopted the “x” sound from Chalcidian alphabet (字母表), a Western variant of the Greek alphabet, and combined it with the “Chi” (x) symbol and “x” as we know it today was born. The tech industry seems to have a particular preference for the letter. This week, the 24th letter of the alphabet was the focus of the spotlight once again, as Elon Musk announced an unexpected rename of Twitter — the social media company he bought in October 2022 for $44 bn. The site’s iconic(图标的) blue bird logo is no more, replaced by a black letter “X”, part of Musk’s long-term plan to be a “platform that can deliver, well... everything.” And he also named an early Tesla car Model X, and his space exploration programme Space X. Besides Musk’s X , there’s Microsoft’s gaming console Xbox, Sony’s Xperia smartphone, Apple’s iPhone X and operating system OS X. In 2010, Google chose the letter for the name of its secret idea-testing laboratory, first known as Google x and now simply X. So why do the tech giants prefer “x”, this one single letter, when there are 25 others they could use instead? Tony Thorne, Director of the Slang and New Language Archive at King’s College, London, thought its shape can signify everything from love (the kiss we used to end our emails and texts), to absence, and even death (as with the skull and crossbones). “It’s impressive and people see it as an attempt to appear enigmatic — a symbol of unknowns and possibilities,” he tells BBC Culture. 1．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．How the letter “x” changed the history. B．How the letter “x” was created by the Greeks. C．How the letter “x” developed and came into being. D．How the letter “x” was originally used by Phoenicians. 2．Why are other tech companies mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To stress the importance of the letter. B．To list the reasons why they prefer the letter. C．To further show tech companies favor the letter. D．To provide the historical background of the letter. 3．What does the underlined word “enigmatic” mean in the last paragraph? A．Attractive. B．Mysterious. C．Typical. D．Intelligent. 4．What can we know about the letter “x”? A．Its shape seldom appears in our daily life. B．It’s powerful and charming in the tech industry. C．Words that begin with the letter are widely used. D．The sounds of the letter are the same through history. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了字母X的发展和产生，以及人们对这个字母的喜爱。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The letter “x” has had somewhat puzzling history, perhaps contributing to its malleable (可塑的) meanings. It first came from a Phoenician letter called “samekh”, meaning fish. The Creeks borrowed it, called it “Chi”, used it for the “kh” sound and wrote it as a cross. The Romans later adopted the “x” sound from Chalcidian alphabet (字母表), a Western variant of the Greek alphabet, and combined it with the “Chi” (x) symbol and “x” as we know it today was born.(字母“x”有一段令人费解的历史，也许是由于它的含义具有可塑性。它最初来自腓尼基字母“samekh”，意思是鱼。希腊人借用了它，称它为“Chi”，用它来发“kh”的音，并把它写成一个十字。后来，罗马人从希腊字母表的西方变体卡尔西底字母表中采用了“x”的发音，并将其与“Chi”(x)符号结合起来，我们今天所知道的“x”就诞生了)”可知，第二段主要讲了字母“x”是如何发展和产生的。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Besides Musk’s X , there’s Microsoft’s gaming console Xbox, Sony’s Xperia smartphone, Apple’s iPhone X and operating system OS X. In 2010, Google chose the letter for the name of its secret idea-testing laboratory, first known as Google x and now simply X.(除了马斯克的X，还有微软的游戏机Xbox、索尼的Xperia智能手机、苹果的iPhone X和操作系统OS X。2010年，谷歌选择了这个字母作为其秘密创意测试实验室的名称，该实验室最初被称为Google X，现在简称为X)”可知，第4段提到了其他科技公司是为了进一步表明科技公司支持这个字母。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“a symbol of unknowns and possibilities”可知，X是未知和可能性的象征，即具有神秘性。故划线词意思是“神秘的”。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“So why do the tech giants prefer “x”, this one single letter, when there are 25 others they could use instead?(那么，为什么科技巨头们更喜欢“x”这个单一的字母，而不是其他25个字母呢？)”可知，字母“x”在科技行业是强大而迷人的。故选B。 16（23-24高一下·山东临沂·期末） Located in the heart of Europe, France offers bike riders its beautiful landscapes, rich history, and delicious food. Here are four of the most popular bike paths in France that show the best of what France has to offer to cycling lovers. The Loire Valley Route From Blois to Angers   Length: 800 km   Time: 7-10 days This bike path is a journey through the royal history of France. It passes by the splendid castles of the Loire Valley, such as Chambord and Chenonceau. The route is mostly flat, making a relaxing ride. The Canal des Deux Mers From Bordeaux to Toulouse   Length: 360 km   Time: 4-6 days This path connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Mediterranean Sea. Bike riders will experience a mix of city landscapes, vineyards and the peaceful countryside. The path, relatively flat, with a few gentle inclines (斜坡), is well-suited for cyclists of all abilities. The Côte d' Azur Route From Hyères to Menton   Length: 230 km   Time: 3-4 days For those seeking coastal beauty and a touch of attraction, this route offers a ride along the French Riviera. It’s a fairly challenging route with some steep climbs but provides views of the Mediterranean. The Alsace Wine Route From Selestat to Thann   Length: 170 km   Time: 3-5 days This route is a perfect for food lovers, offering a-scenic tour through the vineyards of Alsace. The flat ground provides plenty of opportunities to enjoy local wines and cooking. 1．Which route lasts the longest time? A．The Loire Valley Route. B．The Canal des Deux Mers. C．The Côte d' Azur Route. D．The Alsace Wine Route. 2．What is unique about the Canal des Deux Mers route? A．It is the most challenging route. B．It satisfies riders of different levels. C．Riders can learn the royal history of France. D．It connects the cities around the Mediterranean. 3．If a rider is fond of food, which route will he prefer? A．The Canal des Deux Mers. B．The Loire Valley Route. C．The Côte d' Azur Route. D．The Alsace Wine Route. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了法国最受欢迎的自行车道中的四条。 1．细节理解题。根据文章The Loire Valley Route部分中“Time: 7-10 days (时间:7-10天)”和The Canal des Deux Mers部分中“Time: 4-6 days(时间:4-6天)”和The Côte d' Azur Route部分中“ Time: 3-4 days(时间:3-4天)”和The Alsace Wine Route部分中“Time: 3-5 days(时间:3-5天)”可知，卢瓦尔河谷路线持续时间最长。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章The Canal des Deux Mers部分中“The path, relatively flat, with a few gentle inclines (斜坡), is well-suited for cyclists of all abilities. (这条路相对平坦，有几个平缓的斜坡，非常适合各种能力的自行车手。)”可知，地中海运河路线的独特之处是它满足了不同层次的骑手。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章The Alsace Wine Route部分中“This route is a perfect for food lovers, offering a-scenic tour through the vineyards of Alsace. (这条路线对于美食爱好者来说是一条完美的路线，它提供了一段穿越阿尔萨斯葡萄园的风景之旅。) ”可知，如果一个骑手喜欢吃东西，他会选择阿尔萨斯葡萄酒之路。故选D项。 17.（23-24高一下·山东烟台·期末） Bruce, a parrot missing part of his beak (喙) , creatively uses stones to clean feathers (羽毛) , highlighting advanced intelligence in parrots. Bruce lost the upper part of his beak in 2012 and was sent to live at a reserve in New Zealand. The defect made Bruce unable to search for food on his own, let alone keep his feathers clean with his beak. But in 2021, when comparative psychologist Bastos arrived at the reserve with colleagues to study parrots, zookeepers reported something strange: Bruce had seemingly figured out how to select and use small stones to clean his own feathers with his beak. Over nine days, the team kept a close eye on Bruce, quickly taking, videos if he started cleaning his feathers. It turned out that Bruce had indeed invented his own way to do so, the researchers reported in Scientific Reports. “It’s crazy because the behavior was not from the wild,” Bastos says. When Bruce arrived at the reserve, he was too young to learn how to clean his feathers. And no other bird in the reserve uses stones in this way. “It seems like he just invented this tool use for himself,” she says. Tool use is just one of parrots’ many talents. They’re famous for copying and even understanding human speech. Some species can also solve complex puzzles, like how to enter a covered rubbish bin or practice self-control. For a concept as abstract (抽象的) as intelligence, it’s challenging to develop a definition that applies across animals. Researchers often point to features once thought to make humans special — enhanced learning, memory, attention and movement control — as signs of advanced skills. However, many of these abilities can also be seen in parrots, as well as other animals like chimpanzees, dolphins and elephants. “Parrots are our evolutionary (进化的) mirror image. These brilliant birds may teach us about how humanlike intelligence can appear,” behavioral ecologist Antone wrote in his 2022 book The Parrot in the Mirror. With powerful brains and a preference for words, these birds are “the very best example,” he writes, “of nature’s ‘other try’ at humanlike intelligence.” 1．What does the underlined word “defect” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Disadvantage. B．Playfulness. C．Cruelty. D．Measure. 2．Why did Bastos and her team watch Bruce closely? A．To observe how he lives alone. B．To find out how he gets food. C．To prove his ability to defend himself. D．To confirm his reported behavior. 3．What can be known concerning the parrots? A．They do well in critical thinking. B．They’re born skillful at using tools. C．They can complete complicated tasks. D．They can’t match other animals in memory. 4．What’s the significance of studying the parrots? A．Offering an insight into human behavior. B．Helping further research other species of birds. C．Learning more about parrots’ living environment. D．Giving reference for the evolution of humanlike intelligence. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了鹦鹉的一些智能特征可能为我们理解类似人类的智能提供新的视角。通过对鹦鹉的研究，我们可以进一步了解人类智能的进化和发展。 1．词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“…made Bruce unable to search for food on his own, let alone keep his feathers clean with his beak.(……使得Bruce无法自己寻找食物，更不用说用嘴保持羽毛清洁了。)”可知，这个“defect”使Bruce无法自己寻找食物，更不用说用喙清洁羽毛了。由此推断“defect”指的是Bruce失去喙的一部分这一不利条件或缺陷。故划线词与A选项“Disadvantage.(缺点，缺陷)”为同义词。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Over nine days, the team kept a close eye on Bruce, quickly taking videos if he started cleaning his feathers.(在九天的时间里，摄制团队一直密切关注着Bruce，如果它开始清理羽毛，就会迅速拍下视频。)”，即研究团队在九天里密切关注Bruce，一旦他开始清洁羽毛就立即录像。这表明他们的目的是要确认之前动物园管理员报告的Bruce使用小石头清洁羽毛的行为是否真实。故选D。 3．推理判断题。第五段提到“Tool use is just one of parrots’ many talents. They’re famous for copying and even understanding human speech. Some species can also solve complex puzzles, like how to enter a covered rubbish bin or practice self-control.( 使用工具只是鹦鹉众多天赋之一。它们以模仿甚至理解人类语言而闻名。有些物种还能解决复杂的难题，比如如何进入一个有盖的垃圾桶或练习自我控制。)”可知，使用工具只是鹦鹉众多才能之一，它们还以模仿甚至理解人类语言而著称，一些种类甚至能解决复杂的谜题，如如何进入有盖子的垃圾箱或练习自控。这表明鹦鹉能完成复杂的任务。故选C。 4．推理判断题。最后一段提到“Parrots are our evolutionary (进化的) mirror image. These brilliant birds may teach us about how humanlike intelligence can appear(鹦鹉是我们进化的镜像。这些聪明的鸟可能会告诉我们类似人类的智慧是如何出现的。)”可知，鹦鹉是我们的进化镜像，这些聪明的鸟类可能会教会我们如何出现类似人类的智能，这表明研究鹦鹉对于理解类似人类智能的进化具有重要意义，因此选项D“Giving reference for the evolution of humanlike intelligence.(为类似人类智能的进化提供参考)”符合题意。故选D。 18（23-24高一下·山东东营·期末） News companies are increasingly using video and images from social media to report on the ongoing conflict (冲突) between Israel and Hamas. This has led some media organizations to increase their efforts to identify false or misleading information. Reporters covering the war are limited by the government on how they can document the conflict. But they can use a flood of video and pictures published online. Therefore, reports of the war have included many images and video that appeared on social media. News content has also been recorded by satellite equipment and cameras placed around Israel and Gaza. Using this kind of content in news shows has become very common for major media companies. Wendy McMahon, president of CBS News and Stations, told The Associated Press that many people watching news reports today expect to be part of “a shared viewing experience.” This way, they can feel like they are learning what is going on right along with the reporters, McMahon said. In order to create this kind of experience, news reporters have to search through a huge online supply of images and video, which comes from services like YouTube, Instagram, and Facebook. Checking this material, however, can be difficult. With so much material, it is easy for people or organizations to create false images and video using artificial intelligence (AI). Reuters news agency uncovered several images published online that turned out to be false. McMahon, from CBS, said the Israel-Hamas war has in many ways confirmed a big fear among news reporters: “News companies would see a flood of misinformation to an extent that was never seen before.” 1．What can we learn about the reports on the war between Israel and Hamas? A．They are free from government limits. B．They take advantage of online content. C．They document all the conflicts in detail. D．They are mainly recorded by satellite equipment. 2．What is a challenge for news reporters according to the passage? A．Editing news materials. B．Removing fear of misinformation. C．Identifying false content. D．Creating images and video with AI. 3．Why are online video and images commonly used by media companies? A．They are easily accessible to people. B．They offer a better viewing experience. C．They record what is going on faithfully. D．They are in good supply on social media. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．How to Publish Online News B．How to Identify False Information C．How Social Media Affects News Reports D．How Social Media Helps to Cover the Conflict 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新闻公司越来越多地使用社交媒体上的视频和图片来报道以色列和哈马斯之间正在进行的冲突，这导致新闻记者面临识别网上的虚假内容的挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“News companies are increasingly using video and images from social media to report on the ongoing conflict(冲突) between Israel and Hamas.(新闻公司越来越多地使用社交媒体上的视频和图片来报道以色列和哈马斯之间正在进行的冲突。)”和第二段中“But they can use a flood of video and pictures published online. Therefore, reports of the war have included many images and video that appeared on social media.(但他们可以利用网上发布的大量视频和图片。因此，关于这场战争的报道包含了许多出现在社交媒体上的图片和视频。)”可知，他们利用网上的内容来对以色列和哈马斯之间的战争进行报道。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This has led some media organizations to increase their efforts to identify false or misleading information.(这导致一些媒体组织加大了识别虚假或误导性信息的努力。)”和倒数第二段中“Checking this material, however, can be difficult. With so much material, it is easy for people or organizations to create false images and video using artificial intelligence (AI). Reuters news agency uncovered several images published online that turned out to be false.(然而，检查这种材料可能很困难。有了如此多的材料，人们或组织很容易利用人工智能(AI)创建虚假图像和视频。路透社发现网上发布的几张图片都是假的。)”可知，新闻记者面临的挑战是识别网上的虚假内容。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Wendy McMahon, president of CBS News and Stations, told The Associated Press that many people watching news reports today expect to be part of ‘a shared viewing experience.’ This way, they can feel like they are learning what is going on right along with the reporters, McMahon said.(哥伦比亚广播公司新闻和电台总裁Wendy McMahon告诉美联社，今天许多观看新闻报道的人都希望成为‘共同观看体验’的一部分。McMahon说，通过这种方式，他们可以感觉到自己正在与记者一起了解正在发生的事情。)”可知，媒体公司经常使用在线视频和图像的原因是它们提供更好的观看体验。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“News companies are increasingly using video and images from social media to report on the ongoing conflict(冲突) between Israel and Hamas.(新闻公司越来越多地使用社交媒体上的视频和图片来报道以色列和哈马斯之间正在进行的冲突。)”可知，本文主要介绍了新闻公司更多地使用社交媒体上的视频和图片来进行新闻报道。C项“社交媒体是如何影响新闻报道的”能概括文章主旨，为最佳标题。故选C项。 19.（23-24高一下·山东东营·期末） Sea level is rising due to climate change, which threatens the future of millions of people around the world. Also, it threatens our cultural past. “It’s really the history of our species that’s at risk in a lot of ways,” says Meghan Howey, an archaeologist at the University of New Hampshire in Durham. Another archaeologist Anderson recently used online data to look at the dangers caused by rising seas to cultural sites in the southeastern United States. He found a one-meter rise in sea level could des troy more than 13,000 of those places. So how are we going to protect the important places? Efforts to limit the worst impacts from climate change, including sea level rise, will require cutting greenhouse-gas emissions (排放) or maybe taking steps to limit flooding in important areas. Another approach might be to move cultural treasures. But projects like that are often very expensive. It’s unlikely that funds to do that will be available (可用的) for every site. And some treasures simply can’t be moved. But high-tech tools might help preserve knowledge of those treasures before physical sites are lost, says Mark McCoy, an archaeologist at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas. For example, scanning and imaging tools can help. LIDAR is a type of system that uses lasers to make exact 3-D scans of objects. High-resolution digital photography can make detailed images. Computer technologies can also create 3-D virtual reality models. Rising seas are likely to eventually bury a lot of archaeological treasures. And in some cases, the old techniques (技术) that archaeologists have long used may also help. “I still use traditional methods out on a site when the conditions call for it,” McCoy notes. For example, he says, “Paper and pencil do not require batteries and don’t break when I drop them on rocks.” 1．Why does the author mention two archaeologists in Paragraph 1? A．To stress the risk to cultural sites. B．To prove the value of online data. C．To explain the reason of sea level rise. D．To show the impact of climate change. 2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．How to make exact 3-D scans of objects. B．How to save the endangered cultural treasures. C．Scanning and imaging tools can help save the treasures. D．High-tech tools may play a part in preserving knowledge of the sites. 3．What’s McCoy’s attitude towards traditional methods? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Puzzled. 4．Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text? （P: Paragraph） A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述海平面上升威胁着我们的文化历史以及解决办法，并提到高科技工具可能在保存遗址知识方面发挥作用。 1．推理判断题。第一段中“Also, it threatens our cultural past.(此外，它还威胁着我们的文化历史)”提到海平面上升还威胁着我们的文化历史，接着下文““It’s really the history of our species that’s at risk in a lot of ways,” says Meghan Howey, an archaeologist at the University of New Hampshire in Durham. Another archaeologist Anderson recently used online data to look at the dangers caused by rising seas to cultural sites in the southeastern United States. He found a one-meter rise in sea level could des troy more than 13,000 of those places.(‘我们这个物种的历史在很多方面都处于危险之中，’达勒姆新罕布什尔大学的考古学家Meghan Howey说。另一位考古学家Anderson最近利用在线数据研究了海平面上升对美国东南部文化遗址造成的危险。他发现，海平面每上升1米，就可能摧毁其中的13000多个地方)”提到两位考古学家描述的对于历史的危险，故此处是为了强调海平面上升对文化遗址的威胁，故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“But high-tech tools might help preserve knowledge of those treasures before physical sites are lost(高科技工具可能有助于在实体遗址消失之前保存这些宝藏的知识)”可知，本段主要讲述高科技工具可能在保存遗址知识方面发挥作用，并列举了扫描和成像工具、激光雷达、高分辨率数码摄影和计算机技术，故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““I still use traditional methods out on a site when the conditions call for it,” McCoy notes. For example, he says, “Paper and pencil do not require batteries and don’t break when I drop them on rocks.”(‘当条件需要时，我仍然在现场使用传统的方法，’McCoy指出。例如，他说：‘纸和铅笔不需要电池，当我把它们掉在石头上时也不会坏。’)”可知，McCoy对于传统方法持积极态度，故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读全文内容，根据第一段中“Sea level is rising due to climate change, which threatens the future of millions of people around the world. Also, it threatens our cultural past.(由于气候变化，海平面正在上升，这威胁着全世界数百万人的未来。此外，它还威胁着我们的文化历史)”可知，第一段引出主题——海平面上升威胁着我们的文化历史；根据第二段中“So how are we going to protect the important places?(那么我们要如何保护这些重要的地方呢)”可知，第二段提出保护文化遗址免受威胁的方法；第三段中“But high-tech tools might help preserve knowledge of those treasures before physical sites are lost(高科技工具可能有助于在实体遗址消失之前保存这些宝藏的知识)”和第四段中“And in some cases, the old techniques (技术) that archaeologists have long used may also help.(在某些情况下，考古学家长期使用的旧技术也可能有所帮助)”分别讲述了高科技手段和传统方法提供的帮助，故选D。 20.（23-24高一下·山东枣庄·期末） Deceleration isn’t really in the runner’s vocabulary. For many of the people who do it, from Olympic champions to 5K enthusiasts, running is the pursuit of speed itself; a sport defined by personal bests, competition and striving. Slow? That’s a four-letter word. Until quite recently, slow running has become “A Thing”, backed not just by wellness experts on Instagram, but also by a growing number of coaches, amateur runners and exercise scientists, too. The thinking is that going slow could be a fast way to enjoy the benefits of exercise. Slow running is usually defined as a pace at which you can comfortably hold a conversation. Think of it as an effort of 4 or 5 on a scale of 1 - 10, where 10 is an all-out sprint (冲刺). If you know your sports science, it’s referred to as ‘zone 2 exercise’ and it’s a physiological sweet spot that can improve and extend your life. So, what makes the unhurried approach so healthful? As well as improving the strength and pumping capacity of your heart, slow running can avoid metabolic diseases and encourage your body to use fat for energy. Slow runners also recover faster and are less likely to suffer tiredness or injuries from overtraining. They’re also more likely to feel good. “There are huge positives for emotional health,” says Gordon, an exercise physiologist at Anglia Ruskin University in southeast England. “The benefits for things like mood state, depression and anxiety don’t really decrease any more if we increase the exercise intensity. And then there’s the social aspect. One of the things to emphasize with slow running is, you can actually have a conversation!” Gordon believes that promoting slow running might encourage more people to exercise and stick with it, partly because you can do it with friends and partly because there’s no pressure to perform. 1．What is the most important for a runner on the sports field? A．Speed. B．Health. C．Interest. D．Enjoyment. 2．What does the underlined word “backed” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Explained. B．Defined. C．Supported. D．Proved. 3．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about as to slow running? A．Its definition. B．Its benefits. C．The training. D．Its popularity. 4．What does Gordon say about slow running? A．It benefits a lot to mental health. B．It is key to increase the intensity. C．It offers a chance to make friends. D．It is no easy work to stick with it. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍慢跑及其好处。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“For many of the people who do it, from Olympic champions to 5K enthusiasts, running is the pursuit of speed itself(对于许多跑步者来说，从奥运会冠军到5K爱好者，跑步本身就是对速度的追求)”可知，对于一个跑步者来说最重要的是速度，故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据划线词后“The thinking is that going slow could be a fast way to enjoy the benefits of exercise.(他们的想法是，放慢速度可能是享受锻炼好处的一种快速方式)”可知，他们认为慢跑有好处，故此处指慢跑得到很多支持，backed意为“支持”，故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段主题句“So, what makes the unhurried approach so healthful?(那么，是什么让这种不慌不忙的方式如此健康呢？)”以及最后一段中“There are huge positives for emotional health(这对情绪健康有很大的好处)”最后两段分别讲述了慢跑对身体和情绪的好处，故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Gordon 说的话“There are huge positives for emotional health(这对情绪健康有很大的好处)”和“The benefits for things like mood state, depression and anxiety don’t really decrease any more if we increase the exercise intensity. And then there’s the social aspect. One of the things to emphasize with slow running is, you can actually have a conversation!(如果我们增加运动强度，对情绪状态、抑郁和焦虑等方面的好处不会再减少。然后是社交方面。慢跑需要强调的一点是，你实际上可以进行对话)”可知，他说慢跑对精神健康有好处，故选A。 39 / 39 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$