内容正文:
(3)数词——中考英语知识清单
一、数词的基本分类
基数词(Cardinal Numbers)
表示数量:one, two, three...
特殊形式:
11~19:eleven, twelve, thirteen...
20~90整十数:twenty, thirty, forty, fifty...(注意拼写:forty ✅,不是fourty ❌)
21~99:twenty-one, thirty-two...(中间加连字符)
百、千、百万:a hundred, a thousand, a million(具体数字不加s,如two hundred ✅)。
序数词(Ordinal Numbers)
表示顺序:first (1st), second (2nd), third (3rd)...
规则变化:
一般加-th:four → fourth, six → sixth
特殊变化:
five → fifth, eight → eighth, nine → ninth, twelve → twelfth
复合序数词:twenty-one → twenty-first(仅最后一位变序数)。
二、基数词与序数词的用法
基数词
表示数量:I have three apples.
表年龄:He is ten years old.
表时间:It’s seven o’clock.
表编号:Room 305(读作Room three o five)。
序数词
表顺序:This is my first time to Beijing.
表日期:October 1st(读作October the first)。
表楼层:the fifth floor.
固定搭配:
the + 序数词:the first prize ✅
不加冠词:win first place ✅(不用the)。
三、时间与日期的表达
时间
整点:7:00 → seven o’clock
半点:7:30 → half past seven 或 seven thirty
一刻钟:7:15 → a quarter past seven 或 seven fifteen
差几分:7:45 → a quarter to eight 或 seven forty-five
日期
月份首字母大写:January, February...
日期用序数词:May 1st(读作May the first)
年份读法:2023 → twenty twenty-three
介词搭配:
in 年份/月份:in 2025, in July
on 具体某天:on May 1st
四、分数、小数与百分数
分数
分子用基数词,分母用序数词(分子>1时,分母加s):
1/3 → one third
2/5 → two fifths
1/2 → a half(特殊表达)
1/4 → a quarter
小数
小数点读作“point”:3.14 → three point one four
百分数
符号%读作“percent”:50% → fifty percent
用法:
作主语时,谓语单复数取决于后面名词:
60% of the students are... ✅
60% of the water is... ✅
五、数词的特殊用法
算式表达
加法:3 + 4 = 7 → Three plus four is seven.
减法:9 - 5 = 4 → Nine minus five is four.
乘法:6 × 2 = 12 → Six times two is twelve.
除法:8 ÷ 2 = 4 → Eight divided by two is four.
倍数表达
A是B的N倍:
A is three times as large as B.
A is three times larger than B.(注意:英语中“three times larger”=原数的3倍,即总大小为4倍,但中考一般按3倍理解)
年龄与年代
年龄范围:in one’s + 复数基数词(in his thirties,表示30多岁)。
年代:the 1990s → the nineteen nineties(读作the nineteen nineties)。
编号表达
房间号:Room 201 → Room two o one
页码:Page 8 → Page eight
电话号码:555-1234 → five five five, one two three four
六、高频考点与易错题突破
序数词前是否加the
一般加the:He is the first to arrive.
不加the的情况:
表示“又一个”:He tried a second time.
固定短语:at first sight, win first prize.
分数主谓一致
分数/百分数+of+名词作主语时,谓语动词与名词一致:
Two-thirds of the work is done.
Two-thirds of the students are here.
时间介词陷阱
正确搭配:
at 7:00, on Monday, in July.
易错:on the morning of May 1st ✅(具体日期前用on)。
年龄表达混淆
正确:He is 15 years old. ✅
错误:He is 15-year-old. ❌(作表语时不用连字符)。
七、实战避坑指南
拼写易错词
forty(40)✅ vs. fourty ❌
ninth(9th)✅ vs. nineth ❌
twelfth(12th)✅ vs. twelveth ❌
序数词前冠词遗漏
错误:He won first prize. ❌(正确:He won the first prize. ✅)
分数作主语的单复数
错误:Two-thirds of the water are polluted. ❌(正确:Two-thirds of the water is polluted. ✅)
年代与编号表达
错误:in 1990s ❌(正确:in the 1990s ✅)
错误:Room 201th ❌(正确:Room 201 ✅)
八、复习建议
整理易错点:重点记忆序数词不规则变化、分数表达、时间介词搭配。
强化语境训练:通过真题练习区分基数词与序数词的使用场景。
口诀速记:
基变序有规律,一二三特殊记;
八去t,九去e,ve变f加th;
遇到整十y变ie,再加th莫忘记!
真题演练:
( ) About ___ of the students in our class were born in ___.
A. three fifths; 1990s B. three fifth; the 1990s
C. three fifths; the 1990s D. three fifth; 1990s
答案:C(分子大于1,分母用复数;年代前加the)。
总结:数词考点重在细节,拼写、搭配、主谓一致是提分关键!
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