Unit 1 Science Fiction Review useful structures 语法课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION Passive voice in different tenses 不同时态中的被动 Let’s watch a short video about Sophia, an advanced AI robot, being interviewed by an editor. 2 She answers that her happy place is when she is with people. In the video, Sophia is being interviewed by an editor . When she is asked what her happy place is, how does she answer? That means Sophia is always happy to be surrounded by people. Passive voice is used in these sentences. The review of the passive voice 语态用来表示主语与谓语之间的关系。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 什么时候常用被动语态? 不知道动作的执行者/没有必要指出动作的执行者 The meeting has been put off for some reason. 2. 强调动作的承受者 A special organization to help poor children was set up by an expert in the school. 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 含有情态动词 do/ does did will do am/is/are doing was/were doing have/has done had done 情态动词 +do am/is/are done was/were done will be done am/is/are being done was/were being done have/has been done had been done 情态动词+be +done Everyone loves Bing Dwen Dwen. People regard it as a mascot (吉祥物) in the 2022 Olympic Winter Games. Bing Dwen Dwen_________ (by everyone). It ___________ as a mascot (吉祥物) in The 2022 Olympic Winter Games (by people). do/does--- 一般现在时 is loved is regarded am/is/are done Caoxue, dean（院长）of Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts designed the image of Bing Dwen Dwen in 2019. The image of Bing Dwen Dwen ______________by Caoxue, dean of Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts (广州美术学院) in 2019. 一般过去时 did--- was designed was/were done A country will give citizenship to robots in the future. Scientists said that robots woundn’t take over the world in the future. Robots _____________ citizenship(by a country) in the future. Scientists said that the world____________________ (by robots) in the future. 一般将来时 过去将来时 will do--- would do--- will be given wouldn’t be taken over will be done would be done A woman______________________(threaten) by Sonny now. We saw a screenshot from a movie that a woman ____________________ (threaten) by Sonny at the moment. 现在进行时 过去进行时 am/is/are doing--- was/were doing--- is being threatened was being threatened am/is/are being done was/were being done Sonny has learnt the feeling of anger since the conversation with the detective. The detective found that Sonny had learnt the feeling of anger. 现在完成时 过去完成时 has/have done--- had done--- The feeling of anger_____________ by Sonny since the conversation with the detective. The detective found that the feeling of anger ______________ by Sonny . has been learnt had been learnt has/have been done had been done 10 Tips 判断主语是动作发出者还是动作承受者； 判断语句中的时态(tense)； 注意过去分词拼写正确； 注意主谓一致（判断主语的单复数）。 写出下列动词的过去式与过去分词 1. build 2. speak 3. eat 4. break 5. give 6. grow 7. write 8. think 9. bend 10. hold built built spoke spoken ate eaten broke broken gave given grew grown wrote written thought thought bent bent held held Memorize Irregular Verbs from Page117-118 《不规则动词表》 3mins 11. begin 12. blow 13. bite 14. become 15. bring 16. catch 17. choose 18. deal 19. drink 20. drive 21. hear 22. fall began begun blew blown bit bitten became become brought brought caught caught chose chosen dealt dealt drank drunk drove driven heard heard fell fallen 3mins 1) I write a diary every day. 2) They will plant trees tomorrow. 3) You must lock the door when you leave. 4) He has held two parties so far. 5) I taught him English two years ago. 6) He had finished his homework before I came back. 7) They are building an activity center at present. 8) My father bought me a new bike. 9) They were painting the house when I arrived there. 1) I write a diary every day. 2) They will plant trees tomorrow. 3) You must lock the door when you leave. 4) He has held two parties so far. 5) I taught him English two years ago. A diary is written every day (by me). Trees will be planted (by them) tomorrow. The door must be locked (by you) when you leave. Two parties have been held (by him) so far. He was taught English (by me) two years ago. English was taught to him (by me) two years ago. 6) He had finished his homework before I came back. 7) They are building an activity center at present. 8) My father bought me a new bike. 9) They were painting the house when I arrived there. His homework had been finished before I came back. An activity center is being built (by them) at present. I was bought a new bike (by my father). A new bike was bought for me (by my father). The house were being painted (by them) when I arrived there. 特殊情况 不用被动语态的几种情况： 1) 不及物动词(vi.)无被动； 常见的有：appear, disappear, break out, come true, run out, date back, happen, go on, take place, belong to,等。 2) 系动词(link.-v) 无被动; 3) 当cut,read, sell, wear, write, wash, cook, lock,shut,dry, drink等动词遇上well/badly等副词表示主语的性质或特征时，用主动语态表示被动 They made him go there alone. He was made (go) there alone. 2. make, see, hear, watch, notice等感官动词或使役动词：在主动语态里，作宾补的动词不定式不带to，但变为被动语态时，to要还原。 to go 3. 特殊结构的被动形式 双宾动词的被动结构 双宾动词变为被动结构时, 一般将主动结构中的间接宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 直接宾语不变。如将主动结构中的直接宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 间接宾语之前则应加介词to或for。 eg He gave her some money.  She was given some money.  Some money was given to her. 4.①“be+过去分词+不定式”的被动结构 eg He is reported to have broken a world record. She is said to know three languages. ② “it + be +过去分词+从句”式的被动结构 eg It’s said that she has some supernatural powers. It’s reported that they have discovered a new star. 常见的结构还有： It is known that... 众所周知 It is suggested that... 有人建议 It is believed that... 人们相信 5 “get+ done”构成被动语态 用来表示状态或情况, 常考的形式如： get married 结婚 get engaged 订婚 get hurt/wounded 受伤 get lost 迷路 get drunk 喝醉了 get caught/stuck/trapped 被困 get dressed 穿好衣服 get run over 被(车)轧 6. ① 在be worth doing 和be to blame 结构中，动词-ing 形式或动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。 eg The film is well worth seeing. The policy is partly to blame for causing the worst unemployment in Europe. ② 当want, need, require 表示“需要”时，其宾语可用动词-ing 形式的主动形式表示被动意义。 eg The carpet really wants cleaning (= to be cleaned). Most house plants require watering (= to be watered). ③ 在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义 （4.)非谓语动词的某些主动形式表示被动意义 a. 在“be + 形容词+ 不定式”结构中，不定式表示的动作与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动意义。常见形容词有：cheap, easy, comfortable, difficult, hard, light, heavy, expensive, pleasant, interesting, fit 等。 eg The question is difficult to answer. Volleyball is very interesting to watch. 3. 主动形式表示被动意义 (1) 有些不及物动词主动形式可表被动意义。 a. 某些连系动词，如feel, look, prove, smell, sound, taste 等。 eg The food tasted better than it looked. b. 某些与can’t, won’t 等连用的不及物动词，如move, lock, shut, open等。 eg It can't move. The door won't shut. c. 某些可与well, easily 等副词连用的不及物动词，如read, write, wash 等。 eg My new pen writes well. The cloth doesn’t wash easily. 课堂小结 p5 task 2,3 1. be undone 2. was elected 3. be added 4. will be built 5. has been improved6. is allowed 7. be invited 8. was being discussed 9. be admitted 1.is regarded 2. explored/represented 3.written 4. was translated 5. represents 6. is recruited 7. has been set up 8. gets caught up 9. connected 10. be discovered Exercise The way we read need ______________ (change). Many classic works are worth ______________ (read). These classic works may be difficult ______________ (understand). These classic works may even be too expensive for us ______________ (buy). But there is no time ______________ (lose). Who is ______________ (blame) for your ignorance when you are old? to buy reading to understand changing to lose to blame 28 $$