11. 【2025年高考最后30天词汇和句型背诵+阅读理解、七选五变式练】2025届山东省菏泽市高考一模英语试题 词汇筛选+阅读信息句+写作句型 +变式练

11. 【2025年高考最后30天词汇和句型背诵】 2025届山东省菏泽市高考一模英语试题 词汇筛选+阅读信息句+写作句型 默写版 【词汇筛选】 序号 单词 音标 词性 汉语意思 类别 1 bungee jump /ˈbʌndʒi dʒʌmp/ n. 听力词汇 2 skydiving /ˈskaɪdaɪvɪŋ/ n. 3 check out /tʃek aʊt/ v. 4 pick up the check /pɪk ʌp ðə tʃek/ v. 5 set design /set dɪˈzaɪn/ n. 6 photo shoot /ˈfəʊtəʊ ʃuːt/ n. 7 emergency /ɪˈmɜːdʒənsi/ n. 8 ambulance /ˈæmbjələns/ n. 9 urban gardening /ˈɜːbən ˈɡɑːdnɪŋ/ n. 10 solar panels /ˈsəʊlə ˈpænlz/ n. 11 rainwater collection /ˈreɪnwɔːtə(r) kəˈlekʃn/ n. 12 maintenance /ˈmeɪntənəns/ n. 13 directory /dəˈrektəri/ n. 14 grocery /ˈɡrəʊsəri/ n. 15 review /rɪˈvjuː/ n. 16 lifelong /ˈlaɪflɒŋ/ adj. 阅读理解 A 17 investment /ɪnˈvestmənt/ n. 18 flagship /ˈflæɡʃɪp/ n. 19 recommend /ˌrekəˈmend/ v. 20 submission /səbˈmɪʃn/ n. 21 proficiency /prəˈfɪʃnsi/ n. 22 deadline /ˈdedlaɪn/ n. 23 application fee /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn fiː/ n. 24 core /kɔː(r)/ n. 25 enrollment /ɪnˈrəʊlmənt/ n. 26 self-report /self rɪˈpɔːt/ v. 27 valid /ˈvælɪd/ adj. 28 multiple /ˈmʌltɪpl/ adj. 29 semester /sɪˈmestə(r)/ n. 30 supply /səˈplaɪ/ v. 31 spot /spɒt/ v. 阅读理解 B 32 lawn mower /lɔːn ˈməʊə(r)/ n. 33 hedge /hedʒ/ n. 34 handiwork /ˈhændiwɜːk/ n. 35 reaction /riˈækʃn/ n. 36 embrace /ɪmˈbreɪs/ v. 37 inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/ v. 38 raise one's hand /reɪz wʌnz hænd/ v. 39 volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ v. 40 run-down /ˈrʌn daʊn/ adj. 41 funding /ˈfʌndɪŋ/ n. 42 association /əˌsəʊsiˈeɪʃn/ n. 43 tackle /ˈtækl/ v. 44 post /pəʊst/ v. 45 page /peɪdʒ/ n. 46 disastrous /dɪˈzɑːstrəs/ adj. 阅读理解 C 47 flood /flʌd/ n. 48 climate /ˈklaɪmət/ n. 49 expand /ɪkˈspænd/ v. 50 concrete /ˈkɒŋkriːt/ n. 51 pave /peɪv/ v. 52 sewerage system /ˈsuːərɪdʒ ˈsɪstəm/ n. 53 flash flooding /flæʃ ˈflʌdɪŋ/ n. 54 landscape architect /ˈlændskeɪp ˈɑːkɪtekt/ n. 55 sponge /spʌndʒ/ n. 56 soak up /səʊk ʌp/ v. 57 culvert /ˈkʌlvət/ n. 58 residential /ˌrezɪˈdenʃl/ adj. 59 pollutant /pəˈluːtənt/ n. 60 install /ɪnˈstɔːl/ v. 61 edit /ˈedɪt/ v. 阅读理解 D 62 self-perception /self pəˈsepʃn/ n. 63 physical appearance /ˈfɪzɪkl əˈpɪərəns/ n. 64 self-esteem /self ɪˈstiːm/ n. 65 outcome /ˈaʊtkʌm/ n. 66 engage in /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ ɪn/ v. 67 limitation /ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃn/ n. 68 self-report /self rɪˈpɔːt/ n. 69 biased /ˈbaɪəst/ adj. 70 cross-sectional /krɒs ˈsekʃənl/ adj. 71 causality /kɔːˈzæləti/ n. 72 sample size /ˈsɑːmpl saɪz/ n. 73 representative /ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv/ adj. 74 highlight /ˈhaɪlaɪt/ v. 75 underlying /ˌʌndəˈlaɪɪŋ/ adj. 76 district /ˈdɪstrɪkt/ n. 七选五 77 consultant /kənˈsʌltənt/ n. 78 curricular /kəˈrɪkjələ(r)/ adj. 79 outcome /ˈaʊtkʌm/ n. 80 backward planning /ˈbækwəd ˈplænɪŋ/ n. 81 organic /ɔːˈɡænɪk/ adj. 82 mini-lesson /ˈmɪni ˈlesn/ n. 83 familiarity /fəˌmɪliˈærəti/ n. 84 mind map /maɪnd mæp/ n. 85 guiding question /ˈɡaɪdɪŋ ˈkwestʃən/ n. 86 assess /əˈses/ v. 87 emergent /ɪˈmɜːdʒənt/ adj. 88 reflection /rɪˈflekʃn/ n. 89 accessible /əkˈsesəbl/ adj. 90 journaling /ˈdʒɜːnlɪŋ/ n. 91 extreme /ɪkˈstriːm/ adj. 完形填空 92 behavior /bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/ n. 93 desperate /ˈdespərət/ adj. 94 handle /ˈhændl/ v. 95 tough out /tʌf aʊt/ v. 96 awkward /ˈɔːkwəd/ adj. 97 pace /peɪs/ v. 98 grounded /ˈɡraʊndɪd/ adj. 99 balance /ˈbæləns/ n. 100 ambulance /ˈæmbjələns/ n. 101 pave /peɪv/ v. 102 residential /ˌrezɪˈdenʃl/ adj. 103 pollutant /pəˈluːtənt/ n. 104 install /ɪnˈstɔːl/ v. 105 limitation /ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃn/ n. 106 humanoid /ˈhjuːmənɔɪd/ adj. 语法填空 107 costume /ˈkɒstjuːm/ n. 108 folk /fəʊk/ adj. 109 spin /spɪn/ v. 110 instantly /ˈɪnstəntli/ adv. 111 joint /dʒɔɪnt/ n. 112 innovation /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/ n. 113 festive /ˈfestɪv/ adj. 114 pride /praɪd/ n. 115 regulation /ˌreɡjuˈleɪʃn/ n. 116 utilize /ˈjuːtəlaɪz/ v. 117 efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃnsi/ n. 118 displacement /dɪsˈpleɪsmənt/ n. 119 privacy /ˈprɪvəsi/ n. 120 reshape /ˌriːˈʃeɪp/ v. 121 /kæˈʃɪə(r)/ n. 收银员 读后续写 122 /ˈʃedjuːl/ n. 日程安排；时间表 123 /kəˈmɪtmənt/ n. 承诺；献身 124 /ˈwɪəri ˈlʊkɪŋ/ adj. 看起来疲惫的 125 /ˈɡrəʊsəri kɑːt/ n. 购物车 126 /rɪˈspɒnd/ v. 回答；回应 127 /ˈempəθaɪz/ v. 同情；共鸣 128 /ˈredʒɪstə(r)/ n. 收银机；登记册 129 /ˌɪntərˈækʃn/ n. 互动；相互作用 130 /ˈkæptʃə(r)/ v. 捕捉；拍摄 131 /ˈɡrætɪtjuːd/ n. 感激；感谢 132 /trend/ v. 流行；趋势 133 /lɒɡ ɒn/ v. 登录；注册 134 /əˈstɒnɪʃmənt/ n. 惊讶；震惊 135 /ˈpeɪtrən/ n. 赞助人；顾客 【阅读理解信息句及其翻译】 阅读理解 A · 21 题： · 信息句：Earning an MBA is a lifelong investment that can send your career — and salary — to new heights. · 翻译：_____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ · 22 题： 2. 信息句：It requires applicants to self-report a valid GMAT, GMAT Focus Edition, or GRE score when applying. （Columbia University 部分） · 翻译：_____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 2. · 23 题： 3. 信息句：The final deadline to apply is March 4, and the application fee is $250. （University of Michigan 部分） · 翻译：_____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 3. 阅读理解 B · 24 题： 1. 信息句：The hedge (树篱) over the pathway near here has become so overgrown that I am planning to cut it back myself. Would you like to help out? · 翻译：_____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 1. · 25 题： 2. 信息句：The whole town of Malmesbury seemed to embrace their team spirit and felt inspired to follow their lead. Many people raised their hands to volunteer and do more to keep their town tidy. · 翻译：_____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ · 26 题： 3. 信息句：To keep the projects going, Ben created a Facebook page and website to support their projects. Their Facebook Page “Helping The Community Of Malmesbury” currently sits at 669 members and is a place for all the locals to share what litter picking and cleaning up they have been up to. Ben also managed to sort funding through local businesses and associations. The funding has helped them obtain trees, plants, tools, and gardening equipment. · 翻译：_____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ · 27 题： 4. 信息句：With many willing hands, their town has transformed. Before, the town looked a bit run down, but now, the place looks cleaner and tidier. · 翻译：_____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 阅读理解 C · 28 题： 1. 信息句：The warming climate is leading to heavier rainfall, but as cities expand, and more and more land is under concrete or paving, less water is absorbed and more needs to be channelled away by storm drains and sewerage (雨污排水) systems. As they become overwhelmed by the volume of water, the risk of flash flooding increases. · 翻译：_____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ · 29 题： 2. 信息句：Auckland, in New Zealand, was named the spongiest city in one study. It has replaced the concrete culverts (涵洞) around the Oakley stream with green banks and connected parks. · 翻译：_____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ · 30 题： 3. 信息句：Questions have been raised as to whether a natural approach is sufficient when faced with increased rain fall globally. What remains to be seen is whether increased scale and combination with modern technology can help natural methods save many more people from flooding. · 翻译：_____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ · 31 题： 4. 信息句：Early in 2013, he proposed the concept of “sponge (海绵) cities”, which are designed to soak up water-like a sponge - reducing the risk of sudden floods. Natural solutions are encouraged, using riverside parks and ponds to absorb floodwater. Approaches inspired by this have been taken by cities across the world. · 翻译：_____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 阅读理解 D · 32 题： 1. 信息句：The data showed that higher levels of photo editing were associated with increased self-perception as an object and more comparisons of physical appearance among young adults. These factors, in turn, were related to lower self-esteem. · 翻译：_____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ · 33 题： 2. 信息句：The study had some limitations, as acknowledged by Ozimek and his colleagues. Firstly, the data was collected through self-report measures, which may be biased (偏见). Secondly, the study design was cross-sectional, which means causality (因果) cannot be determined. Lastly, the sample size was relatively small and not representative of the entire population of young adults who use social media. · 翻译：_____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ · 34 题： 3. 信息句：“The description of reality is a constructive attempt which is up to hidden issues of the editors. The description of reality is usually not a documentary but part of a narrative which the photo editor intends to project on the public screen.” · 翻译：_____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ · 35 题： 4. 信息句：This study highlights the importance of considering overall social media use and specific behaviors like photo editing when studying the relationship between social media and mental health outcomes. · 翻译：_____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 七选五 · 36 题： 1. 信息句：Here are four tips for practicing backward planning with your students. 36 1. 翻译：以下是与你的学生一起实践逆向规划的四个建议。36 1. 信息句：Many topics arise organically, and you can cover them through mini-lessons along the way. One way to deepen that knowledge is to print it out and make a habit of reviewing it daily. 37 First, you develop a familiarity with it. Second, you can see where you can make that connection naturally where the students’ interests meet. · 翻译：_____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ · 38 题： 2. 信息句：Having guiding questions has helped Xena form and follow a plan for the year. 38 For example, “How are we all interconnected?” and “What is our story?” She can assess outcomes using this plan throughout the school year. · 翻译：_____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ · 39 题： 3. 信息句：39. This culture creates an opportunity to form and answer questions about what happens outdoors and how it connects to other topics. As the emergent learning arises and there is daily reflection on it, knowledge and understanding emerge. Through this intentional work and reflection, teachers will be well equipped to answer questions in the process. · 翻译：_____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ · 40 题： 4. 信息句：It is important for students to reflect on their observations. We often don’t get time to reflect in our fast-paced classrooms. Often, reflection is combined with assessment. An easy starting point is journaling, because it is a thought process accessible to students in every grade. · 翻译：_____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 【写作高分句型】 应用文写作 1. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：在当今快速发展的科技大环境下，人工智能（AI）在塑造我们生活的各个方面都起着至关重要的作用。 （“In today’s rapidly evolving technological landscape” 为介词短语作状语，“plays a crucial role in...” 表示 “在…… 方面起着重要作用” ） 2. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. 翻译：在我看来，尽管人工智能提高了效率和便利性，但它可能会引发诸如工作岗位流失和隐私问题等担忧。 （运用了 though 引导的让步状语从句，“though AI boosts efficiency and convenience” ） 3. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. 翻译：总之，人工智能是一个强大的工具，如果我们谨慎对待它，它能够让我们的世界变得更美好。 （运用了 that 引导的限制性定语从句 “that can reshape our world for the better” 修饰 “a powerful tool” ，以及 if 引导的条件状语从句 “if we handle it with care” ） 读后续写 1. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：感到困惑的艾玛迅速登录了这个社交媒体平台。 （“Puzzled” 是形容词作状语，描述主语 Emma 的状态 ） 2. v______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：令她惊讶的是，特里斯坦的妈妈所拍摄的照片被广泛分享。 （“To her astonishment” 为固定短语作状语，表示 “令她惊讶的是” ，“Tristan’s mother had taken” 是省略了关系代词 that/which 的定语从句，修饰 “the photos” ） 3. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：这条帖子配有一个关于他们相遇的暖心故事。评论如潮水般涌来，赞扬着艾玛的善良和耐心。 （“accompanied by...” 为过去分词短语作表语，“praising Emma’s kindness and patience” 是现在分词短语作状语 ） 4. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：当地报纸听闻了这个故事并采访了艾玛。这篇文章不仅让她获得了更多的公众认可，还吸引了一位艺术赞助人的注意。 （运用了 not only…but also… 结构，“not only brought her more public recognition but also attracted the attention of an art patron” ） 5. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：她的作品，受到那次有意义的相遇的启发，触动了许多人的心弦，并在艺术界声名远扬。 （“inspired by that meaningful encounter” 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “Her works” ） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 11. 【2025年高考最后30天词汇和句型背诵】 2025届山东省菏泽市高考一模英语试题 词汇筛选+阅读信息句+写作句型 背诵版 【词汇筛选】 序号 单词 音标 词性 汉语意思 类别 1 bungee jump /ˈbʌndʒi dʒʌmp/ n. 蹦极跳 听力词汇 2 skydiving /ˈskaɪdaɪvɪŋ/ n. 跳伞运动 3 check out /tʃek aʊt/ v. 查看；核实 4 pick up the check /pɪk ʌp ðə tʃek/ v. 付账 5 set design /set dɪˈzaɪn/ n. 场景设计 6 photo shoot /ˈfəʊtəʊ ʃuːt/ n. 摄影拍摄 7 emergency /ɪˈmɜːdʒənsi/ n. 紧急情况 8 ambulance /ˈæmbjələns/ n. 救护车 9 urban gardening /ˈɜːbən ˈɡɑːdnɪŋ/ n. 城市园艺 10 solar panels /ˈsəʊlə ˈpænlz/ n. 太阳能电池板 11 rainwater collection /ˈreɪnwɔːtə(r) kəˈlekʃn/ n. 雨水收集 12 maintenance /ˈmeɪntənəns/ n. 维护；保养 13 directory /dəˈrektəri/ n. 目录；名录 14 grocery /ˈɡrəʊsəri/ n. 食品杂货店 15 review /rɪˈvjuː/ n. 评论；评价 16 lifelong /ˈlaɪflɒŋ/ adj. 终身的；毕生的 阅读理解 A 17 investment /ɪnˈvestmənt/ n. 投资 18 flagship /ˈflæɡʃɪp/ n. 旗舰；王牌 19 recommend /ˌrekəˈmend/ v. 推荐；建议 20 submission /səbˈmɪʃn/ n. 提交；呈递 21 proficiency /prəˈfɪʃnsi/ n. 熟练；精通 22 deadline /ˈdedlaɪn/ n. 截止日期 23 application fee /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn fiː/ n. 申请费 24 core /kɔː(r)/ n. 核心；要点 25 enrollment /ɪnˈrəʊlmənt/ n. 入学；注册 26 self-report /self rɪˈpɔːt/ v. 自我报告 27 valid /ˈvælɪd/ adj. 有效的 28 multiple /ˈmʌltɪpl/ adj. 多个的；多样的 29 semester /sɪˈmestə(r)/ n. 学期 30 supply /səˈplaɪ/ v. 提供；供应 31 spot /spɒt/ v. 发现；认出 阅读理解 B 32 lawn mower /lɔːn ˈməʊə(r)/ n. 割草机 33 hedge /hedʒ/ n. 树篱 34 handiwork /ˈhændiwɜːk/ n. 手工制品；手工艺品 35 reaction /riˈækʃn/ n. 反应；回应 36 embrace /ɪmˈbreɪs/ v. 拥抱；欣然接受 37 inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/ v. 激励；鼓舞 38 raise one's hand /reɪz wʌnz hænd/ v. 举手 39 volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ v. 自愿做；义务做 40 run-down /ˈrʌn daʊn/ adj. 破败的；rundown 41 funding /ˈfʌndɪŋ/ n. 资金；经费 42 association /əˌsəʊsiˈeɪʃn/ n. 协会；社团 43 tackle /ˈtækl/ v. 处理；对付 44 post /pəʊst/ v. 发布；张贴 45 page /peɪdʒ/ n. 页面；网页 46 disastrous /dɪˈzɑːstrəs/ adj. 灾难性的；极坏的 阅读理解 C 47 flood /flʌd/ n. 洪水；水灾 48 climate /ˈklaɪmət/ n. 气候 49 expand /ɪkˈspænd/ v. 扩大；扩展 50 concrete /ˈkɒŋkriːt/ n. 混凝土 51 pave /peɪv/ v. 铺（路）；铺设 52 sewerage system /ˈsuːərɪdʒ ˈsɪstəm/ n. 排水系统 53 flash flooding /flæʃ ˈflʌdɪŋ/ n. 山洪暴发 54 landscape architect /ˈlændskeɪp ˈɑːkɪtekt/ n. 景观设计师 55 sponge /spʌndʒ/ n. 海绵 56 soak up /səʊk ʌp/ v. 吸收；吸取 57 culvert /ˈkʌlvət/ n. 涵洞 58 residential /ˌrezɪˈdenʃl/ adj. 住宅的；居住的 59 pollutant /pəˈluːtənt/ n. 污染物 60 install /ɪnˈstɔːl/ v. 安装；设置 61 edit /ˈedɪt/ v. 编辑；剪辑 阅读理解 D 62 self-perception /self pəˈsepʃn/ n. 自我认知 63 physical appearance /ˈfɪzɪkl əˈpɪərəns/ n. 外貌；外表 64 self-esteem /self ɪˈstiːm/ n. 自尊；自尊心 65 outcome /ˈaʊtkʌm/ n. 结果；后果 66 engage in /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ ɪn/ v. 参与；从事 67 limitation /ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃn/ n. 限制；局限性 68 self-report /self rɪˈpɔːt/ n. 自我报告 69 biased /ˈbaɪəst/ adj. 有偏见的；偏心的 70 cross-sectional /krɒs ˈsekʃənl/ adj. 横断面的；截面的 71 causality /kɔːˈzæləti/ n. 因果关系 72 sample size /ˈsɑːmpl saɪz/ n. 样本量 73 representative /ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv/ adj. 有代表性的；典型的 74 highlight /ˈhaɪlaɪt/ v. 强调；突出 75 underlying /ˌʌndəˈlaɪɪŋ/ adj. 潜在的；根本的 76 district /ˈdɪstrɪkt/ n. 地区；区域 七选五 77 consultant /kənˈsʌltənt/ n. 顾问 78 curricular /kəˈrɪkjələ(r)/ adj. 课程的 79 outcome /ˈaʊtkʌm/ n. 结果；成果 80 backward planning /ˈbækwəd ˈplænɪŋ/ n. 逆向规划 81 organic /ɔːˈɡænɪk/ adj. 有机的；自然的 82 mini-lesson /ˈmɪni ˈlesn/ n. 微型课程 83 familiarity /fəˌmɪliˈærəti/ n. 熟悉；通晓 84 mind map /maɪnd mæp/ n. 思维导图 85 guiding question /ˈɡaɪdɪŋ ˈkwestʃən/ n. 引导性问题 86 assess /əˈses/ v. 评估；评价 87 emergent /ɪˈmɜːdʒənt/ adj. 新兴的；出现的 88 reflection /rɪˈflekʃn/ n. 反思；思考 89 accessible /əkˈsesəbl/ adj. 可接近的；可使用的 90 journaling /ˈdʒɜːnlɪŋ/ n. 写日记 91 extreme /ɪkˈstriːm/ adj. 极端的；极度的 完形填空 92 behavior /bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/ n. 行为；举止 93 desperate /ˈdespərət/ adj. 不顾一切的；绝望的 94 handle /ˈhændl/ v. 处理；应付 95 tough out /tʌf aʊt/ v. 坚持到底 96 awkward /ˈɔːkwəd/ adj. 尴尬的；笨拙的 97 pace /peɪs/ v. 踱步；调整节奏 98 grounded /ˈɡraʊndɪd/ adj. 脚踏实地的；理智的 99 balance /ˈbæləns/ n. 平衡；均衡 100 ambulance /ˈæmbjələns/ n. 救护车 101 pave /peɪv/ v. 铺（路）；铺设 102 residential /ˌrezɪˈdenʃl/ adj. 住宅的；居住的 103 pollutant /pəˈluːtənt/ n. 污染物 104 install /ɪnˈstɔːl/ v. 安装；设置 105 limitation /ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃn/ n. 限制；局限性 106 humanoid /ˈhjuːmənɔɪd/ adj. 类人的 语法填空 107 costume /ˈkɒstjuːm/ n. 服装；戏服 108 folk /fəʊk/ adj. 民间的；民俗的 109 spin /spɪn/ v. 旋转；纺纱 110 instantly /ˈɪnstəntli/ adv. 立即；马上 111 joint /dʒɔɪnt/ n. 关节；连接处 112 innovation /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/ n. 创新；革新 113 festive /ˈfestɪv/ adj. 节日的；喜庆的 114 pride /praɪd/ n. 自豪；骄傲 115 regulation /ˌreɡjuˈleɪʃn/ n. 规则；规章 116 utilize /ˈjuːtəlaɪz/ v. 利用；使用 117 efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃnsi/ n. 效率；效能 118 displacement /dɪsˈpleɪsmənt/ n. 取代；位移 119 privacy /ˈprɪvəsi/ n. 隐私；私密 120 reshape /ˌriːˈʃeɪp/ v. 重塑；改造 121 cashier /kæˈʃɪə(r)/ n. 收银员 读后续写 122 schedule /ˈʃedjuːl/ n. 日程安排；时间表 123 commitment /kəˈmɪtmənt/ n. 承诺；献身 124 weary-looking /ˈwɪəri ˈlʊkɪŋ/ adj. 看起来疲惫的 125 grocery cart /ˈɡrəʊsəri kɑːt/ n. 购物车 126 respond /rɪˈspɒnd/ v. 回答；回应 127 empathize /ˈempəθaɪz/ v. 同情；共鸣 128 register /ˈredʒɪstə(r)/ n. 收银机；登记册 129 interaction /ˌɪntərˈækʃn/ n. 互动；相互作用 130 capture /ˈkæptʃə(r)/ v. 捕捉；拍摄 131 gratitude /ˈɡrætɪtjuːd/ n. 感激；感谢 132 trend /trend/ v. 流行；趋势 133 log on /lɒɡ ɒn/ v. 登录；注册 134 astonishment /əˈstɒnɪʃmənt/ n. 惊讶；震惊 135 patron /ˈpeɪtrən/ n. 赞助人；顾客 【阅读理解信息句及其翻译】 阅读理解 A · 21 题： · 信息句：Earning an MBA is a lifelong investment that can send your career — and salary — to new heights. · 翻译：获得工商管理硕士（MBA）学位是一项终身投资，它能够将你的职业生涯以及薪资提升到新的高度。 · 22 题： 2. 信息句：It requires applicants to self-report a valid GMAT, GMAT Focus Edition, or GRE score when applying. （Columbia University 部分） 2. 翻译：申请时，它要求申请人自行报告有效的研究生管理科学入学考试（GMAT）、GMAT 聚焦版考试或研究生入学考试（GRE）成绩。 · 23 题： 3. 信息句：The final deadline to apply is March 4, and the application fee is $250. （University of Michigan 部分） 3. 翻译：申请的最终截止日期是 3 月 4 日，申请费用是 250 美元。 阅读理解 B · 24 题： 1. 信息句：The hedge (树篱) over the pathway near here has become so overgrown that I am planning to cut it back myself. Would you like to help out? 1. 翻译：这儿附近小路上方的树篱长得太茂密了，以至于我打算自己把它修剪一下。你愿意帮忙吗？ · 25 题： 2. 信息句：The whole town of Malmesbury seemed to embrace their team spirit and felt inspired to follow their lead. Many people raised their hands to volunteer and do more to keep their town tidy. 2. 翻译：整个马尔姆斯伯里镇的人似乎都接受了他们的团队精神，并受到鼓舞，想要追随他们的引领。许多人举手自愿参与进来，并且做更多事情来保持他们城镇的整洁。 · 26 题： 3. 信息句：To keep the projects going, Ben created a Facebook page and website to support their projects. Their Facebook Page “Helping The Community Of Malmesbury” currently sits at 669 members and is a place for all the locals to share what litter picking and cleaning up they have been up to. Ben also managed to sort funding through local businesses and associations. The funding has helped them obtain trees, plants, tools, and gardening equipment. 3. 翻译：为了让这些项目持续进行下去，本创建了一个脸书页面和网站来支持他们的项目。他们的脸书页面 “帮助马尔姆斯伯里社区” 目前有 669 名成员，并且是所有当地人分享他们进行垃圾清理工作情况的一个平台。本还成功地通过当地企业和协会筹集到了资金。这些资金帮助他们获得了树木、植物、工具以及园艺设备。 · 27 题： 4. 信息句：With many willing hands, their town has transformed. Before, the town looked a bit run down, but now, the place looks cleaner and tidier. 4. 翻译：在众多愿意伸出援手的人的努力下，他们的城镇发生了变化。以前，这个城镇看起来有点破败，但现在，这个地方看起来更干净整洁了。 阅读理解 C · 28 题： 1. 信息句：The warming climate is leading to heavier rainfall, but as cities expand, and more and more land is under concrete or paving, less water is absorbed and more needs to be channelled away by storm drains and sewerage (雨污排水) systems. As they become overwhelmed by the volume of water, the risk of flash flooding increases. 1. 翻译：气候变暖正导致降雨量更大，但是随着城市扩张，越来越多的土地被混凝土或路面覆盖，水的吸收量减少，更多的水需要通过雨水排水系统和污水排放系统排走。当这些系统被大量的水淹没时，突发洪水的风险就增加了。 · 29 题： 2. 信息句：Auckland, in New Zealand, was named the spongiest city in one study. It has replaced the concrete culverts (涵洞) around the Oakley stream with green banks and connected parks. 2. 翻译：在一项研究中，新西兰的奥克兰被评为最具 “海绵” 特性的城市。它已经用绿色的河岸和相连的公园取代了奥克利溪周围的混凝土涵洞。 · 30 题： 3. 信息句：Questions have been raised as to whether a natural approach is sufficient when faced with increased rain fall globally. What remains to be seen is whether increased scale and combination with modern technology can help natural methods save many more people from flooding. 3. 翻译：人们已经提出了这样的问题，即当面对全球降雨量增加的情况时，一种自然的方法是否足够。还有待观察的是，扩大规模以及与现代技术相结合是否能够帮助自然方法使更多的人免受洪水之灾。 · 31 题： 4. 信息句：Early in 2013, he proposed the concept of “sponge (海绵) cities”, which are designed to soak up water-like a sponge - reducing the risk of sudden floods. Natural solutions are encouraged, using riverside parks and ponds to absorb floodwater. Approaches inspired by this have been taken by cities across the world. 4. 翻译：早在 2013 年，他就提出了 “海绵城市” 的概念，这些城市被设计得像海绵一样吸收水分，从而降低突发洪水的风险。人们鼓励采用自然的解决方案，利用河边公园和池塘来吸收洪水。受到这一理念启发的方法已经被世界各地的城市所采用。 阅读理解 D · 32 题： 1. 信息句：The data showed that higher levels of photo editing were associated with increased self-perception as an object and more comparisons of physical appearance among young adults. These factors, in turn, were related to lower self-esteem. 1. 翻译：数据显示，在年轻人中，较高水平的照片编辑与将自己更多地视为一个物体的自我认知增加以及更多对外貌的比较相关。反过来，这些因素又与较低的自尊心有关。 · 33 题： 2. 信息句：The study had some limitations, as acknowledged by Ozimek and his colleagues. Firstly, the data was collected through self-report measures, which may be biased (偏见). Secondly, the study design was cross-sectional, which means causality (因果) cannot be determined. Lastly, the sample size was relatively small and not representative of the entire population of young adults who use social media. 2. 翻译：正如奥济梅克和他的同事们所承认的那样，这项研究存在一些局限性。首先，数据是通过自我报告的方式收集的，这可能存在偏差。其次，该研究的设计是横断面的，这意味着无法确定因果关系。最后，样本量相对较小，并且不能代表使用社交媒体的所有年轻成年人。 · 34 题： 3. 信息句：“The description of reality is a constructive attempt which is up to hidden issues of the editors. The description of reality is usually not a documentary but part of a narrative which the photo editor intends to project on the public screen.” 3. 翻译：“对现实的描述是一种建设性的尝试，这取决于照片编辑者的隐藏问题。对现实的描述通常不是一部纪录片，而是照片编辑者打算在公众屏幕上呈现的叙事的一部分。” · 35 题： 4. 信息句：This study highlights the importance of considering overall social media use and specific behaviors like photo editing when studying the relationship between social media and mental health outcomes. 4. 翻译：这项研究强调了在研究社交媒体与心理健康结果之间的关系时，考虑社交媒体的整体使用情况以及像照片编辑这样的特定行为的重要性。 七选五 · 36 题： 1. 信息句：Here are four tips for practicing backward planning with your students. 36 1. 翻译：以下是与你的学生一起实践逆向规划的四个建议。36 1. 信息句：Many topics arise organically, and you can cover them through mini-lessons along the way. One way to deepen that knowledge is to print it out and make a habit of reviewing it daily. 37 First, you develop a familiarity with it. Second, you can see where you can make that connection naturally where the students’ interests meet. 1. 翻译：许多主题是自然产生的，并且你可以在这个过程中通过微型课程来涵盖它们。加深对这些知识的了解的一种方法是把它打印出来，并养成每天复习的习惯。37 首先，你会对它变得熟悉。其次，你可以看到在哪些地方可以自然地将其与学生的兴趣联系起来。 · 38 题： 2. 信息句：Having guiding questions has helped Xena form and follow a plan for the year. 38 For example, “How are we all interconnected?” and “What is our story?” She can assess outcomes using this plan throughout the school year. 2. 翻译：有了指导性的问题帮助西娜制定并遵循了一年的计划。38 例如，“我们是如何相互联系的？” 以及 “我们的故事是什么？” 她可以在整个学年中使用这个计划来评估结果。 · 39 题： 3. 信息句：39. This culture creates an opportunity to form and answer questions about what happens outdoors and how it connects to other topics. As the emergent learning arises and there is daily reflection on it, knowledge and understanding emerge. Through this intentional work and reflection, teachers will be well equipped to answer questions in the process. 3. 翻译：39。这种文化创造了一个机会，让人们能够形成并回答关于户外发生的事情以及它如何与其他主题相联系的问题。随着新出现的学习内容产生并且对其进行日常反思，知识和理解就会出现。通过这种有目的的工作和反思，教师将能够很好地在这个过程中回答问题。 · 40 题： 4. 信息句：It is important for students to reflect on their observations. We often don’t get time to reflect in our fast-paced classrooms. Often, reflection is combined with assessment. An easy starting point is journaling, because it is a thought process accessible to students in every grade. 4. 翻译：让学生反思他们的观察结果是很重要的。在我们快节奏的课堂上，我们常常没有时间进行反思。通常，反思与评估是结合在一起的。一个简单的起点是写日记，因为这是每个年级的学生都能够参与的一种思考过程。 【写作高分句型】 应用文写作 1. In today’s rapidly evolving technological landscape, artificial intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role in shaping various aspects of our lives. 翻译：在当今快速发展的科技大环境下，人工智能（AI）在塑造我们生活的各个方面都起着至关重要的作用。 （“In today’s rapidly evolving technological landscape” 为介词短语作状语，“plays a crucial role in...” 表示 “在…… 方面起着重要作用” ） 2. In my eyes, though AI boosts efficiency and convenience, it may cause concerns like job displacement and privacy issues. 翻译：在我看来，尽管人工智能提高了效率和便利性，但它可能会引发诸如工作岗位流失和隐私问题等担忧。 （运用了 though 引导的让步状语从句，“though AI boosts efficiency and convenience” ） 3. In conclusion, AI is a powerful tool that can reshape our world for the better if we handle it with care. 翻译：总之，人工智能是一个强大的工具，如果我们谨慎对待它，它能够让我们的世界变得更美好。 （运用了 that 引导的限制性定语从句 “that can reshape our world for the better” 修饰 “a powerful tool” ，以及 if 引导的条件状语从句 “if we handle it with care” ） 读后续写 1. Puzzled, Emma quickly logged on to the social media platform. 翻译：感到困惑的艾玛迅速登录了这个社交媒体平台。 （“Puzzled” 是形容词作状语，描述主语 Emma 的状态 ） 2. To her astonishment, the photos Tristan’s mother had taken were widely shared. 翻译：令她惊讶的是，特里斯坦的妈妈所拍摄的照片被广泛分享。 （“To her astonishment” 为固定短语作状语，表示 “令她惊讶的是” ，“Tristan’s mother had taken” 是省略了关系代词 that/which 的定语从句，修饰 “the photos” ） 3. The post was accompanied by a heartwarming story about their encounter. Comments flooded in, praising Emma’s kindness and patience. 翻译：这条帖子配有一个关于他们相遇的暖心故事。评论如潮水般涌来，赞扬着艾玛的善良和耐心。 （“accompanied by...” 为过去分词短语作表语，“praising Emma’s kindness and patience” 是现在分词短语作状语 ） 4. The local newspaper caught wind of the story and interviewed Emma. The article not only brought her more public recognition but also attracted the attention of an art patron. 翻译：当地报纸听闻了这个故事并采访了艾玛。这篇文章不仅让她获得了更多的公众认可，还吸引了一位艺术赞助人的注意。 （运用了 not only…but also… 结构，“not only brought her more public recognition but also attracted the attention of an art patron” ） 5. Her works, inspired by that meaningful encounter, touched the hearts of many and became well-known in the art world. 翻译：她的作品，受到那次有意义的相遇的启发，触动了许多人的心弦，并在艺术界声名远扬。 （“inspired by that meaningful encounter” 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “Her works” ） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 11. 【阅读理解和七选五变式练】 2025届山东省菏泽市高考一模英语试题（解析版） 变式练：文本不变，重设试题 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Earning an MBA is a lifelong investment that can send your career — and salary — to new heights. Through our flagship Fortune Recommends ranking, we hope to help the next generation of leaders discover the best MBA program for their future. University of Chicago Its MBA program has on average about 50 students per course, and candidates tend to have over five years of work experience. The application process requires submission of GMAT and/or GRE scores as well as two letters of recommendation. International students can submit proof of English proficiency. The round three deadline is April 3, and there is a $250 application fee. Columbia University It requires applicants to self-report a valid GMAT, GMAT Focus Edition, or GRE score when applying. English proficiency exams are not required for international students. On average, there are around 68 students per core course. Multiple enrollment deadlines are available for the fall semester, and the application fee is $250. Stanford University Applicants must submit results from either the GMAT or GRE exam as well as two letters of recommendation. International students must supply proof of English proficiency via TOEFL, PTE, or IELTS. The final deadline to apply is April 8, and the application fee is $275. University of Michigan There are about 75 students in each MBA core class, and students have close to six years of work experience. One letter of recommendation is needed to apply, and international students must provide proof of English proficiency. The final deadline to apply is March 4, and the application fee is $250. 21. What is the main purpose of the Fortune Recommends ranking? A. To introduce different MBA programs’ tuition fees. B. To help students find the most suitable MBA program for their future. C. To show the work experience requirements of various MBA programs. D. To compare the application deadlines of different universities’ MBA programs. 22. If an international student wants to apply for an MBA at Columbia University, what is NOT required? A. A valid GMAT, GMAT Focus Edition, or GRE score. B. Proof of English proficiency. C. An application fee of $250. D. Meeting one of the multiple enrollment deadlines for the fall semester. 23. Which university has the latest application deadline among the four? A. University of Chicago. B. Columbia University. C. Stanford University. D. University of Michigan. B Ben was eleven years old when he spotted his neighbour, Julie, working in her garden. He popped his head over the fence, and said to her, “I’ve seen you’re very good with a lawn mower (割草机) and gardening tools. The hedge (树篱) over the pathway near here has become so overgrown that I am planning to cut it back myself. Would you like to help out?” Julie loved the idea of helping Ben and their community. They agreed to cut the hedge the following Sunday. Ben’s brother Josh, aged 8 at the time, also came along to help. All three of them tackled away at it until they reduced it. They posted photos of their handiwork on “Our Malmesbury”, their local Facebook Group. The community reaction was amazing. The comments and reactions just kept on coming. The whole town of Malmesbury seemed to embrace their team spirit and felt inspired to follow their lead. Manypeople raised their hands to volunteer and do more to keep their town tidy. With many willing hands, their town has transformed. Before, the town looked a bit run down, but now, the place looks cleaner and tidier. To keep the projects going, Ben created a Facebook page and website to support their projects. Their Facebook Page “Helping The Community Of Malmesbury” currently sits at 669 members and is a place for all the locals to share what litter picking and cleaning up they have been up to. Ben also managed to sort funding through local businesses and associations. The funding has helped them obtain trees, plants, tools, and gardening equipment. When community members plan a clean-up, they can contact them via the website to access any tools and equipment they need to complete a project. Ben is so pleased that 6 years later, the clean up campaign is still in full-swing. He has just been so overwhelmed with the support over the years that he cannot thank the community enough. Their mission will not stop. 24. Why did Ben invite Julie to help? A. Because he needed someone to take photos of their work. B. Because he thought Julie was good at using gardening tools. C. Because he wanted to start a community project with her. D. Because he was too young to cut the hedge alone. 25. What was the result of Ben, Julie and Josh’s action? A. They received many donations from local businesses. B. They became famous in the whole country. C. They inspired the whole town to clean up and transform the town. D. They were awarded by the local government. 26. What does Ben do to keep the clean - up projects going? A. He asks community members to raise funds together. B. He collects old tools and equipment from the locals. C. He creates an online platform and sorts out funding. D. He organizes regular meetings for volunteers. 27. What can we conclude from the story? A. Small actions can make a big difference. B. It’s important to have a good plan before starting work. C. Children should be encouraged to help others. D. Teamwork is more important than individual effort. C Disastrous floods are becoming more and more common around the world. The warming climate is leading to heavier rainfall, but as cities expand, and more and more land is under concrete or paving, less water is absorbed and more needs to be channelled away by storm drains and sewerage (雨污排水) systems. As they become overwhelmed by the volume of water, the risk of flash flooding increases. Could the way that cities are growing be making things worse? Could we design cities in a different way to reduce the risk of flooding? Chinese landscape architect Yu Kongjian certainly thinks so. Early in 2013, he proposed the concept of “sponge (海绵) cities”, which are designed to soak up water-like a sponge - reducing the risk of sudden floods. Natural solutions are encouraged, using riverside parks and ponds to absorb floodwater. Approaches inspired by this have been taken by cities across the world. Auckland, in New Zealand, was named the spongiest city in one study. It has replaced the concrete culverts (涵洞) around the Oakley stream with green banks and connected parks. This has reduced flooding in the nearby residential areas as well as the amount of associated pollutants which used to be washed into the sea. Auckland has taken a natural approach, but a much more high-tech method can be seen in Amsterdam. The Dutch city has installed blue-green roofs on a number of buildings. These roofs have a layer of plants on the outside, and then layers beneath which collect and store rainwater. This water can be used by people to water plants or wash toilets. Advanced software can even tell the roofs to release water ahead of upcoming storms to maximize the system’s ability to absorb rainwater. Yu Kongjian describes the sponge city approach as using Tai Chi with nature instead of boxing. Questions have been raised as to whether a natural approach is sufficient when faced with increased rain fall globally. What remains to be seen is whether increased scale and combination with modern technology can help natural methods save many more people from flooding. 28. What contributes to the increased risk of city flooding? A. The decrease in the number of storm drains. B. The poor management of sewerage systems. C. The growth of city population. D. The expansion of cities and the covering of land with concrete. 29. What is the main function of “sponge cities”? A. To increase the amount of rainfall. B. To reduce the construction of buildings. C. To absorb water and reduce flood risks. D. To improve the quality of river water. 30. What can we know about the “sponge city” approach in Amsterdam? A. It only uses natural methods like riverside parks. B. It relies on high - tech methods such as blue - green roofs. C. It can’t deal with large - scale floods. D. It has no effect on reducing pollutants. 31. What is the author’s attitude towards the “sponge city” concept? A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Objective. D. Negative. D The data showed that higher levels of photo editing were associated with increased self-perception as an object and more comparisons of physical appearance among young adults. These factors, in turn, were related to lower self-esteem. The researchers suggested that photo editing behavior may contribute to feelings of self-perception as an object and basing one’s worth on appearance, especially among sensitive groups like young adults. They emphasized the need for further research to explore the impact of photo editing on mental health outcomes and understand why people engage in this behavior. The study had some limitations, as acknowledged by Ozimek and his colleagues. Firstly, the data was collected through self-report measures, which may be biased (偏见). Secondly, the study design was cross-sectional, which means causality (因果) cannot be determined. Lastly, the sample size was relatively small and not representative of the entire population of young adults who use social media. This study highlights the importance of considering overall social media use and specific behaviors like photo editing when studying the relationship between social media and mental health outcomes. Interventions aimed at reducing excessive (过度的) social media use or promoting healthier engagement with social media could have positive effects on the mental well-being of young people. “Reality is harder to understand as it appears on the surface,” the researchers wrote. “The description of reality is a constructive attempt which is up to hidden issues of the editors. The description of reality is usually not a documentary but part of a narrative which the photo editor intends to project on the public screen.” “By understanding the underlying narrative, the contrast between natural appearance and edited photo of it is getting obvious. Because photo editing is likely to be popular in the future, the focus of psycho-education as part of a psychological intervention technique should be a sensibilization for the widespread use of corresponding techniques.” 32. What is the finding of the study? A. Young adults always base their worth on appearance. B. Photo editing behavior has no impact on mental health. C. Higher levels of photo editing are related to lower self - esteem in young adults. D. Sensitive groups like young adults are more likely to edit photos. 33. What are the limitations of the study? ①The data collection method may be inaccurate. ②The study design can’t determine causality. ③The sample size is too large to analyze. ④The sample is not representative of all young social media users. A. ①②③ B. ①②④ C. ①③④ D. ②③④ 34. What does the text suggest to improve young people’s mental well - being? A. Encouraging them to edit photos more creatively. B. Reducing their overall social media use. C. Making them focus on their studies instead of social media. D. Teaching them how to edit photos properly. 35. Where does this text probably come from? A. A science magazine. B. A travel guide. C. A fashion magazine. D. A sports newspaper. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Xena Biffert, a district science consultant, started to do a lot of backward planning when taking students outside to meet curricular (课程的) outcomes. This approach allows curriculum connection and encourages students’ focus and interest to lead the way. Here are four tips for practicing backward planning with your students. ___36___ Know your curriculum. Many topics arise organically, and you can cover them through mini-lessons along the way. One way to deepen that knowledge is to print it out and make a habit of reviewing it daily. ___37___ First, you develop a familiarity with it. Second, you can see where you can make that connection naturally where the students’ interests meet. Begin the year with a learning plan and a mind map. Having guiding questions has helped Xena form and follow a plan for the year. ___38___ For example, “How are we all interconnected?” and “What is our story?” She can assess outcomes using this plan throughout the school year. Get students outside regularly. ___39___. This culture creates an opportunity to form and answer questions about what happens outdoors and how it connects to other topics. As the emergent learning arises and there is daily reflection on it, knowledge and understanding emerge. Through this intentional work and reflection, teachers will be well equipped to answer questions in the process. ___40___ It is important for students to reflect on their observations. We often don’t get time to reflect in our fast-paced classrooms. Often, reflection is combined with assessment. An easy starting point is journaling, because it is a thought process accessible to students in every grade. A. It’s essential to let students think independently. B. This helps in creating a more student - centered learning environment. C. These tips can help you make the most of outdoor learning experiences. D. By doing so, you can better meet the diverse needs of your students. E. Xena usually starts by asking some broad and thought - provoking questions. F. Outdoor learning provides a unique chance for students to explore the world. G. Journaling is a great way for students to record and reflect on their learning. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 11. 【阅读理解和七选五变式练】 2025届山东省菏泽市高考一模英语试题（解析版） 变式练：文本不变，重设试题 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Earning an MBA is a lifelong investment that can send your career — and salary — to new heights. Through our flagship Fortune Recommends ranking, we hope to help the next generation of leaders discover the best MBA program for their future. University of Chicago Its MBA program has on average about 50 students per course, and candidates tend to have over five years of work experience. The application process requires submission of GMAT and/or GRE scores as well as two letters of recommendation. International students can submit proof of English proficiency. The round three deadline is April 3, and there is a $250 application fee. Columbia University It requires applicants to self-report a valid GMAT, GMAT Focus Edition, or GRE score when applying. English proficiency exams are not required for international students. On average, there are around 68 students per core course. Multiple enrollment deadlines are available for the fall semester, and the application fee is $250. Stanford University Applicants must submit results from either the GMAT or GRE exam as well as two letters of recommendation. International students must supply proof of English proficiency via TOEFL, PTE, or IELTS. The final deadline to apply is April 8, and the application fee is $275. University of Michigan There are about 75 students in each MBA core class, and students have close to six years of work experience. One letter of recommendation is needed to apply, and international students must provide proof of English proficiency. The final deadline to apply is March 4, and the application fee is $250. 21. What is the main purpose of the Fortune Recommends ranking? A. To introduce different MBA programs’ tuition fees. B. To help students find the most suitable MBA program for their future. C. To show the work experience requirements of various MBA programs. D. To compare the application deadlines of different universities’ MBA programs. 22. If an international student wants to apply for an MBA at Columbia University, what is NOT required? A. A valid GMAT, GMAT Focus Edition, or GRE score. B. Proof of English proficiency. C. An application fee of $250. D. Meeting one of the multiple enrollment deadlines for the fall semester. 23. Which university has the latest application deadline among the four? A. University of Chicago. B. Columbia University. C. Stanford University. D. University of Michigan. 答案：21. B 22. B 23. C 解析： 21. 由文章第一段 “Through our flagship Fortune Recommends ranking, we hope to help the next generation of leaders discover the best MBA program for their future.” 可知，《财富》推荐排名的主要目的是帮助学生找到最适合自己未来的 MBA 项目，B 选项正确；A 选项学费、C 选项工作经验要求、D 选项申请截止日期比较均不是其主要目的。 22. 根据 Columbia University 部分 “English proficiency exams are not required for international students.” 可知，国际学生申请哥伦比亚大学的 MBA 项目不需要提供英语水平证明，B 选项符合题意；A 选项有效成绩、C 选项申请费、D 选项满足秋季学期的多个招生截止日期之一均是申请要求。 23. 对比四所大学的申请截止日期，University of Chicago 是 4 月 3 日，Columbia University 有多个截止日期（未明确最晚日期，但均早于其他明确最晚日期的学校） ，Stanford University 是 4 月 8 日，University of Michigan 是 3 月 4 日，所以 Stanford University 的申请截止日期最晚，C 选项正确。 B Ben was eleven years old when he spotted his neighbour, Julie, working in her garden. He popped his head over the fence, and said to her, “I’ve seen you’re very good with a lawn mower (割草机) and gardening tools. The hedge (树篱) over the pathway near here has become so overgrown that I am planning to cut it back myself. Would you like to help out?” Julie loved the idea of helping Ben and their community. They agreed to cut the hedge the following Sunday. Ben’s brother Josh, aged 8 at the time, also came along to help. All three of them tackled away at it until they reduced it. They posted photos of their handiwork on “Our Malmesbury”, their local Facebook Group. The community reaction was amazing. The comments and reactions just kept on coming. The whole town of Malmesbury seemed to embrace their team spirit and felt inspired to follow their lead. Manypeople raised their hands to volunteer and do more to keep their town tidy. With many willing hands, their town has transformed. Before, the town looked a bit run down, but now, the place looks cleaner and tidier. To keep the projects going, Ben created a Facebook page and website to support their projects. Their Facebook Page “Helping The Community Of Malmesbury” currently sits at 669 members and is a place for all the locals to share what litter picking and cleaning up they have been up to. Ben also managed to sort funding through local businesses and associations. The funding has helped them obtain trees, plants, tools, and gardening equipment. When community members plan a clean-up, they can contact them via the website to access any tools and equipment they need to complete a project. Ben is so pleased that 6 years later, the clean up campaign is still in full-swing. He has just been so overwhelmed with the support over the years that he cannot thank the community enough. Their mission will not stop. 24. Why did Ben invite Julie to help? A. Because he needed someone to take photos of their work. B. Because he thought Julie was good at using gardening tools. C. Because he wanted to start a community project with her. D. Because he was too young to cut the hedge alone. 25. What was the result of Ben, Julie and Josh’s action? A. They received many donations from local businesses. B. They became famous in the whole country. C. They inspired the whole town to clean up and transform the town. D. They were awarded by the local government. 26. What does Ben do to keep the clean - up projects going? A. He asks community members to raise funds together. B. He collects old tools and equipment from the locals. C. He creates an online platform and sorts out funding. D. He organizes regular meetings for volunteers. 27. What can we conclude from the story? A. Small actions can make a big difference. B. It’s important to have a good plan before starting work. C. Children should be encouraged to help others. D. Teamwork is more important than individual effort. 答案：24. B 25. C 26. C 27. A 解析： 24. 从文章第一段 “I’ve seen you’re very good with a lawn mower (割草机) and gardening tools. The hedge (树篱) over the pathway near here has become so overgrown that I am planning to cut it back myself. Would you like to help out?” 可知，Ben 邀请 Julie 帮忙是因为觉得她擅长使用园艺工具，B 选项正确；A 选项拍照、C 选项开展社区项目、D 选项自己太年轻均不符合文意。 25. 根据文章第三段 “The whole town of Malmesbury seemed to embrace their team spirit and felt inspired to follow their lead. Many people raised their hands to volunteer and do more to keep their town tidy. With many willing hands, their town has transformed.” 可知，他们的行动激励了全镇人进行清洁，改变了小镇，C 选项正确；A 选项收到很多捐赠、B 选项在全国出名、D 选项被当地政府奖励文中均未提及。 26. 由文章第四段 “To keep the projects going, Ben created a Facebook page and website to support their projects... Ben also managed to sort funding through local businesses and associations.” 可知，Ben 创建了在线平台并筹集资金来维持清洁项目，C 选项正确；A 选项让社区成员一起筹款、B 选项收集旧工具设备、D 选项组织志愿者定期会议均与原文不符。 27. 文章讲述了 Ben 等人修剪树篱的小行动，引发了全镇的清洁行动，使小镇发生巨大变化，说明小行动也能产生大影响，A 选项正确；B 选项开始工作前要有好计划、C 选项应鼓励孩子帮助他人、D 选项团队合作比个人努力更重要均不是文章主旨。 C Disastrous floods are becoming more and more common around the world. The warming climate is leading to heavier rainfall, but as cities expand, and more and more land is under concrete or paving, less water is absorbed and more needs to be channelled away by storm drains and sewerage (雨污排水) systems. As they become overwhelmed by the volume of water, the risk of flash flooding increases. Could the way that cities are growing be making things worse? Could we design cities in a different way to reduce the risk of flooding? Chinese landscape architect Yu Kongjian certainly thinks so. Early in 2013, he proposed the concept of “sponge (海绵) cities”, which are designed to soak up water-like a sponge - reducing the risk of sudden floods. Natural solutions are encouraged, using riverside parks and ponds to absorb floodwater. Approaches inspired by this have been taken by cities across the world. Auckland, in New Zealand, was named the spongiest city in one study. It has replaced the concrete culverts (涵洞) around the Oakley stream with green banks and connected parks. This has reduced flooding in the nearby residential areas as well as the amount of associated pollutants which used to be washed into the sea. Auckland has taken a natural approach, but a much more high-tech method can be seen in Amsterdam. The Dutch city has installed blue-green roofs on a number of buildings. These roofs have a layer of plants on the outside, and then layers beneath which collect and store rainwater. This water can be used by people to water plants or wash toilets. Advanced software can even tell the roofs to release water ahead of upcoming storms to maximize the system’s ability to absorb rainwater. Yu Kongjian describes the sponge city approach as using Tai Chi with nature instead of boxing. Questions have been raised as to whether a natural approach is sufficient when faced with increased rain fall globally. What remains to be seen is whether increased scale and combination with modern technology can help natural methods save many more people from flooding. 28. What contributes to the increased risk of city flooding? A. The decrease in the number of storm drains. B. The poor management of sewerage systems. C. The growth of city population. D. The expansion of cities and the covering of land with concrete. 29. What is the main function of “sponge cities”? A. To increase the amount of rainfall. B. To reduce the construction of buildings. C. To absorb water and reduce flood risks. D. To improve the quality of river water. 30. What can we know about the “sponge city” approach in Amsterdam? A. It only uses natural methods like riverside parks. B. It relies on high - tech methods such as blue - green roofs. C. It can’t deal with large - scale floods. D. It has no effect on reducing pollutants. 31. What is the author’s attitude towards the “sponge city” concept? A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Objective. D. Negative. 答案：28. D 29. C 30. B 31. C 解析： 28. 由文章第一段 “but as cities expand, and more and more land is under concrete or paving, less water is absorbed and more needs to be channelled away by storm drains and sewerage (雨污排水) systems. As they become overwhelmed by the volume of water, the risk of flash flooding increases.” 可知，城市扩张和土地被混凝土覆盖导致吸收的水减少，排水系统不堪重负，从而增加了城市洪水风险，D 选项正确；A 选项雨水渠数量减少、B 选项排水系统管理不善、C 选项城市人口增长文中未提及。 29. 根据文章第二段 “Early in 2013, he proposed the concept of “sponge (海绵) cities”, which are designed to soak up water - like a sponge - reducing the risk of sudden floods.” 可知，“海绵城市” 的主要功能是吸水并降低洪水风险，C 选项正确；A 选项增加降雨量、B 选项减少建筑建设、D 选项改善河水质量均不是其主要功能。 30. 从文章第三段 “Auckland has taken a natural approach, but a much more high - tech method can be seen in Amsterdam. The Dutch city has installed blue - green roofs on a number of buildings.” 可知，阿姆斯特丹的 “海绵城市” 方法依赖于如蓝绿屋顶这样的高科技手段，B 选项正确；A 选项只使用自然方法错误；C 选项不能应对大规模洪水、D 选项对减少污染物没有效果文中未提及。 31. 文章介绍了 “海绵城市” 的概念、应用以及存在的争议，作者只是客观地阐述相关内容，没有明显的主观倾向，态度是客观的，C 选项正确；A 选项怀疑的、B 选项积极的、D 选项消极的均不符合作者态度。 D The data showed that higher levels of photo editing were associated with increased self-perception as an object and more comparisons of physical appearance among young adults. These factors, in turn, were related to lower self-esteem. The researchers suggested that photo editing behavior may contribute to feelings of self-perception as an object and basing one’s worth on appearance, especially among sensitive groups like young adults. They emphasized the need for further research to explore the impact of photo editing on mental health outcomes and understand why people engage in this behavior. The study had some limitations, as acknowledged by Ozimek and his colleagues. Firstly, the data was collected through self-report measures, which may be biased (偏见). Secondly, the study design was cross-sectional, which means causality (因果) cannot be determined. Lastly, the sample size was relatively small and not representative of the entire population of young adults who use social media. This study highlights the importance of considering overall social media use and specific behaviors like photo editing when studying the relationship between social media and mental health outcomes. Interventions aimed at reducing excessive (过度的) social media use or promoting healthier engagement with social media could have positive effects on the mental well-being of young people. “Reality is harder to understand as it appears on the surface,” the researchers wrote. “The description of reality is a constructive attempt which is up to hidden issues of the editors. The description of reality is usually not a documentary but part of a narrative which the photo editor intends to project on the public screen.” “By understanding the underlying narrative, the contrast between natural appearance and edited photo of it is getting obvious. Because photo editing is likely to be popular in the future, the focus of psycho-education as part of a psychological intervention technique should be a sensibilization for the widespread use of corresponding techniques.” 32. What is the finding of the study? A. Young adults always base their worth on appearance. B. Photo editing behavior has no impact on mental health. C. Higher levels of photo editing are related to lower self - esteem in young adults. D. Sensitive groups like young adults are more likely to edit photos. 33. What are the limitations of the study? ①The data collection method may be inaccurate. ②The study design can’t determine causality. ③The sample size is too large to analyze. ④The sample is not representative of all young social media users. A. ①②③ B. ①②④ C. ①③④ D. ②③④ 34. What does the text suggest to improve young people’s mental well - being? A. Encouraging them to edit photos more creatively. B. Reducing their overall social media use. C. Making them focus on their studies instead of social media. D. Teaching them how to edit photos properly. 35. Where does this text probably come from? A. A science magazine. B. A travel guide. C. A fashion magazine. D. A sports newspaper. 答案：32. C 33. B 34. B 35. A 解析： 32. 由文章第一段 “The data showed that higher levels of photo editing were associated with increased self - perception as an object and more comparisons of physical appearance among young adults. These factors, in turn, were related to lower self - esteem.” 可知，研究发现年轻人中高水平的照片编辑与较低的自尊心有关，C 选项正确；A 选项年轻人总是以貌取人过于绝对；B 选项照片编辑行为对心理健康无影响与原文不符；D 选项文中未提及敏感群体更易编辑照片。 33. 文章第三段指出研究的局限性：Firstly, the data was collected through self - report measures, which may be biased (偏见). Secondly, the study design was cross - sectional, which means causality (因果) cannot be determined. Lastly, the sample size was relatively small and not representative of the entire population of young adults who use social media. 即数据收集方法可能不准确、研究设计无法确定因果关系、样本量小且不具代表性，①②④正确，③样本量太大错误，所以选 B。 34. 根据文章第四段 “Interventions aimed at reducing excessive (过度的) social media use or promoting healthier engagement with social media could have positive effects on the mental well - being of young people.” 可知，减少年轻人过度使用社交媒体有助于改善他们的心理健康，B 选项正确；A 选项鼓励更有创意地编辑照片、C 选项让他们专注学习、D 选项教他们正确编辑照片均不符合文意。 35. 文章主要是关于照片编辑行为与年轻人心理健康关系的研究，属于科学研究范畴，最有可能来自科学杂志，A 选项正确；B 选项旅游指南、C 选项时尚杂志、D 选项体育报纸均不符合文章主题。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Xena Biffert, a district science consultant, started to do a lot of backward planning when taking students outside to meet curricular (课程的) outcomes. This approach allows curriculum connection and encourages students’ focus and interest to lead the way. Here are four tips for practicing backward planning with your students. ___36___ Know your curriculum. Many topics arise organically, and you can cover them through mini-lessons along the way. One way to deepen that knowledge is to print it out and make a habit of reviewing it daily. ___37___ First, you develop a familiarity with it. Second, you can see where you can make that connection naturally where the students’ interests meet. Begin the year with a learning plan and a mind map. Having guiding questions has helped Xena form and follow a plan for the year. ___38___ For example, “How are we all interconnected?” and “What is our story?” She can assess outcomes using this plan throughout the school year. Get students outside regularly. ___39___. This culture creates an opportunity to form and answer questions about what happens outdoors and how it connects to other topics. As the emergent learning arises and there is daily reflection on it, knowledge and understanding emerge. Through this intentional work and reflection, teachers will be well equipped to answer questions in the process. ___40___ It is important for students to reflect on their observations. We often don’t get time to reflect in our fast-paced classrooms. Often, reflection is combined with assessment. An easy starting point is journaling, because it is a thought process accessible to students in every grade. A. It’s essential to let students think independently. B. This helps in creating a more student - centered learning environment. C. These tips can help you make the most of outdoor learning experiences. D. By doing so, you can better meet the diverse needs of your students. E. Xena usually starts by asking some broad and thought - provoking questions. F. Outdoor learning provides a unique chance for students to explore the world. G. Journaling is a great way for students to record and reflect on their learning. 答案： 36. C 37. D 38. E 39. F 40. G 解析 36. 上文提到 “Here are four tips for practicing backward planning with your students.”，C 选项 “These tips can help you make the most of outdoor learning experiences.” 中的 “These tips” 与上文呼应，且说明了这些建议对户外学习的作用，承接上文，所以选 C。 37. 上文说 “One way to deepen that knowledge is to print it out and make a habit of reviewing it daily.”，D 选项 “By doing so, you can better meet the diverse needs of your students.” 中的 “By doing so” 指代上文每天复习课程的做法，进一步阐述这样做的好处，所以选 D。 38. 上文 “Having guiding questions has helped Xena form and follow a plan for the year.” 提到指导性问题，E 选项 “Xena usually starts by asking some broad and thought - provoking questions.” 具体说明 Xena 通过问一些宽泛且发人深省的问题来开始，与上文衔接，所以选 E。 39. 小标题是 “Get students outside regularly.”，F 选项 “Outdoor learning provides a unique chance for students to explore the world.” 强调户外学习的作用，与小标题及下文 “This culture creates an opportunity...” 相呼应，所以选 F。 40. 下文提到 “An easy starting point is journaling, because it is a thought process accessible to students in every grade.”，G 选项 “Journaling is a great way for students to record and reflect on their learning.” 指出写日记是学生记录和反思学习的好方法，与下文衔接紧密，所以选 G。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$