阅读理解（说明文）--仁爱科普版八年级下册期末专项

1 / 16 阅读理解（说明文） Passage 1 Do you often feel sleepy in class? Maybe you should take your smartphone and tablet (平板电 脑) away from your bed at night so that you can have a good night’s sleep. There is a study about sleeping habits. According to the study, smartphones and tablets belong to electronic devices (电子设备). 89 percent of American teenagers have at least one electronic device near their beds. Most of them use their electronic devices before bedtime. They spend too much time playing with electronic devices. Of course they have a poor sleep. When you use electronic devices before going to bed, you are too excited to fall asleep. The electronic devices can release the special blue light. The blue light can make you excited and it can stop you from sleeping. If you don’t sleep well because of using electronic devices, here are some suggestions for you. You should stop looking at electronic devices at least 30 minutes before your bedtime. In this way, your brain (大脑) can slow down and get ready for sleep. You can also count some numbers. Both of them are good ways to help you sleep better. Why not try them? 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer lead into the topic in Paragraph 1? A．By giving a fact. B．By telling a story. C．By asking a question. D．By using a saying. 2．What is the main reason why most teenagers have a poor sleep according to the text? A．They spend too much time studying. B．They spend too much time playing with electronic devices. C．They are not tired enough at night. 模块一 经典基础题 Passage 1—Passage 6 模块二 中等难度题 Passage 7—Passage 11 模块三 拓展拔高题 Passage 12—Passage 15 模块一 经典基础题 内容概览 2 / 16 D．They have too many electronic devices. 3．What does the underlined word “release” mean? A．Give up. B．Give out. C．Take up. D．Take out. 4．How many suggestions are given to help people sleep better? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 5．What is the main topic discussed in the text? A．The benefits (益处) of using electronic devices. B．The ways of using smartphones and tablets. C．The importance of having a good night’s sleep. D．The impact (影响) of electronic devices on sleep. Passage 2 Shaolin Temple is in Henan Province, China. It was founded in the 5th century. It is well-known for its Chinese martial arts(武术) and Shaolin Kung fu. Do you know where Shaolin Kungfu comes from? In the year 527, an Indian monk(和尚) named Bodhidharma(菩提达摩) went to Shaolin Temple. He found the monks there were weak so he decided to teach them Kung fu to keep their bodies strong. At the end of Sui Dynasty, some Shaolin monks helped Li Shimin win a war. In return for that, he gave a lot of land to the temple. After that, Shaolin Temple and Shaolin Kung fu became famous all over China. Not all emperors liked Kungfu. During the Qing Dynasty, the emperors stopped Shaolin monks from studying Shaolin Kung fu, so many monks had to leave the temple for different places. During that time, they saw many new kinds of Kung fu and studied them. At last, all these new ideas changed Shaolin Kung fu a lot. But until now, Shaolin Kung fu is still the largest and most famous Kung fu in China. It is said that all Kung fu comes from Shaolin and Shaolin Kung fu is the best. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 6．When was Shaolin Temple founded? A．It was founded in the 5th century. B．It was rebuilt. C．It had the most visitors in the year 2010. D．It had its 600th birthday. 7．Why did Bodhidharma teach Shaolin monks Kung fu? A．To make them strong. B．To make Kung fu popular. C．To get money. D．To help them fight. 8．Shaolin Kungfu became famous because of ________. 3 / 16 A．the importance of Shaolin Temple B．an Indian monk coming to Shaolin Temple C．some monks there helping Li Shimin win a war D．an emperor giving a lot of money to the temple 9．Which of the following is true? A．All emperors liked Shaolin Kungfu. B．The monks improved Shaolin Kungfu a lot after leaving the temple. C．Now Chinese people don’t like Shaolin Kung fu. D．Shaolin monks didn’t want people to know about their Kung fu. 10．The passage mainly tells us ________. A．how to practice Shaolin Kung fu B．the history of Shaolin Kung fu C．why Li Shimin won the war D．where the name of Shaolin Kung fu came from Passage 3 You might feel tired after solving a difficult math problem or studying for a whole day. Are our brains (大脑) really “burning (燃烧)” when we spend a lot of time thinking? In fact, our brains never stop burning calories (卡路里), even if we aren’t thinking about anything. Our brain gets energy (能量) from a kind of sugar that is in rice and noodles. Our brain never really rests, it is burning energy in the form of sugar all the time. Even when we sleep, our brain needs energy to keep our body working. These include breathing, digesting (消化), and keeping the body warm. The brain uses up 20 to 25 percent of the body’s total (全部的) energy. That’s 350 calories per day for a woman and 450 for a man. When you are five or six years old, your brain uses up to 60 percent of the body’s energy, according to Live Science. When we are thinking hard, the brain burns more calories. In one study, researchers found that people who worked on a hard task on a computer ate around 200 more calories than those who were resting. That explains why you feel hungry and eat more after taking exams or studying for a long time. 11．Where do our rains get energy from according to the passage? A．From rice and noodles. B．From breathing or sleeping. C．From thinking or studying. D．From resting or digesting. 12．What does the underlined word “burning” mean? A．Using up. B．Getting less. C．Improving. D．Agreeing. 13．How many calories does a man’s body need a day? 4 / 16 A．Around 20 to 25. B．Around 350 to 450. C．Around 580 to 750. D．Around 1,800 to 2,250. 14．What did researchers find in the study? A．People who were resting got hungry more easily. B．People burned fewer calories if they were thinking. C．People working on computers ate more than others. D．People working on hard tasks burned more calories. 15．What does the text mainly explain? A．When our brains work. B．Why people feel thirsty. C．How brains burn calories. D．Why some people eat more. Passage 4 Nails(指甲) are small body parts. They are small, but they are useful. They have their own jobs. Do you want to know more about your nails? The hard surfaces(表面) of your nails help to protect your fingers and toes. And your fingernails can help you do some tiny things in your daily life. For example, if you find a dog hair on your sofa, you can use your fingernails to pick it up easily. If you don’t have any fingernails, you can’t do it easily. Don’t you believe that? Just try. There are some interesting facts about nails. *You had fingernails and toenails before you were born. *Your fingernails seem to grow slowly. But in fact they grow about 2.4 millimeters each month. *Your fingernails can show your health. Don’t be surprised if your doctor takes a look at your nails. Some doctors can know more about your health by checking your fingernails. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 16．Why does the writer talk about the dog hair? A．To show how small our fingernails are. B．To show how fingernails protect our fingers. C．To show the difference between nails and hair. D．To show how fingernails help us in our daily life. 17．When did a baby have fingernails and toenails? A．When he or she was born. B．Before he or she was born. C．When he or she was about one month old. D．When he or she was about two months old. 18．How long do your fingernails grow each week? 5 / 16 A．About 0.6 millimeters B．About 1.2 millimeters C．About 2.4 millimeters D．About 4.8 millimeters 19．What may the writer write about if he wants to keep on writing the passage? A．How to protect fingernails. B．What fingernails can help us to do. C．How to improve health by exercising. D．How food and drinks influence health. 20．What is the theme(主题) if the text? A．Travel B．Food C．Science D．Sports Passage 5 We need to talk a lot with our friends and family to build good relationships(关系)in our life. How can we improve our talking skills? Here are four ways for you to learn. Never speak when the other person is speaking. If you do this, it’s just like saying, “I don’t care what you’re saying. What I have to say is more important.” Don’t finish other people’s words. Studies show that doing this will make people lose interest in talking with you because you’re taking control of the conversation(谈话). Repeat (重复 ) what the other person said. To show you have really understood someone, say what they have just said before you tell them your idea. △By looking at the other person in the eye, you are showing that you are interested in what they’re saying. This also helps you listen more carefully. 21．In order to improve our talking skills, how many ways are mentioned(提到)in this passage? ________ A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 22．When others are speaking, it’s better to ________. A．say something important B．look at the ground C．listen to them without speaking D．help them finish their words 23．What is the structure(结构)of the text?（Pl＝Paragraph 1…）________ A． B． 6 / 16 C． D． 24．Repeating others’ words is a way to ________. A．keep the conversation going B．show your understanding C．show your ideas D．start a new talk 25．We can put ________ in△ in paragraph 5. A．Keep eye contact. B．Know your friends. C．Talk about hobbies. D．Use body language. Passage 6 Everyone has their favorite food. Think about your favorite food. Do you wonder why your favorite food tastes so good? The answer is about your tongue and nose. There are some taste buds (味蕾) on your tongue. They give you the sense of taste. How do the taste buds work? In fact, they have many tiny hairs on them. These tiny hairs send messages to your brain about the tastes of different food. In this way, you know whether it is sweet, sour, bitter or salty. A person has about 10,000 taste buds. They keep working all the time when we enjoy our food. The taste buds don’t always stay the same. They are replaced about every two weeks. However, as a person gets older, some of these taste buds don’t get replaced. An older person may only have 5,000 working taste buds. That’s why some food may taste stronger for you than it does for an older person. Besides your tongue, your nose also helps you learn about the taste of food. Sometimes, strong smell can even confuse (混淆) your sense of taste. Try holding an onion under your nose while eating an apple, the apple must taste terrible. So the next time you enjoy salty pizza and sweet ice cream, thank your tongue and your nose. Without them, you won’t have any sense of taste at all. Without the sense of taste, life will be boring! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 26．How do taste buds send messages to our brains according to the passage? A．By using our tongues. B．By using our noses. C．By using the small hairs on them. D．By using our eyes. 27．What do the underlined words “are replaced” mean in Chinese? A．被更新 B．被启动 C．被显示 D．被占领 28．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? 7 / 16 A．An onion can help make the taste of an apple better. B．Most old people have stronger taste buds than the young. C．All the old people’s taste buds will get replaced after some time. D．Young people and old people may have different ideas on the taste of the same food. 29．Which is the proper structure (结构) of the passage? A．①②→③④⑤ B．①②→③→④⑤ C．①→②③→④→⑤ D．①→②③→④⑤ 30．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．Our favorite food. B．How we can taste food. C．The use of tongue. D．The different taste of food. Passage 7 1Hanfu came from the Yellow Emperor’s crown dress (冠服), which was prepared by Yao and Shun. It was formed in the Zhou Dynasty, and developed through the Han Dynasty. Wearing hanfu has become popular in recent years. In the streets, parks, bookstores, and museums, such as the Palace Museum in Beijing, you can always see fans of hanfu wearing this kind of traditional Chinese clothing. In the past, hanfu was mainly used for traditional festivals. Nowadays, especially among the young people, more and more people hope to wear hanfu in their daily life. Hanfu has been one of the many clothes of choice today. In many cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Chengdu, hanfu experience shops have come out one after another. You can experience the services with a cost-effective price, from booking hanfu online, choosing hanfu in the store, wearing hanfu with the help of salesgirls, learning about the background culture of hanfu, to experiencing the full set of make-up and taking photos in hanfu. 31．When did Hanfu begin? A．In the Zhou Dynasty. B．In the Han Dynasty. C．During the Yellow Emperor period.D．In the Tang Dynasty. 32．Which occasion was hanfu mainly used for in the past? 模块二 中等难度题 8 / 16 A． B． C． D． 33．The underline word “cost-effective” in Paragraph 4 means ________. A．proper B．expensive C．cheap D．free 34．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．You can book hanfu online. B．You can choose hanfu in the store. C．You can wear hanfu with the help of salesgirls. D．You can have a good hanfu experience. 35．What’s the best title for the text? A．The history of hanfu B．The culture of hanfu C．The styles of hanfu D．The functions of hanfu Passage 8 When it comes to the Himalayas, what do you have in your mind? High mountains? White snow? Both answers are right, but in the mountains there is a place called the Valley of Flowers and you can see a very different scene there. It is home to pretty flowers, wild plants and endangered animals. The Valley of Flowers is in Uttarakhand, one state in the north of India. It is more than 87.5 square kilometers. There are flowers everywhere. However, these flowers are not quite the same as what we often see. They grow in high places in the mountains. There are hundreds of different kinds of flowers in this valley. They bloom (开花) between June and September. When the flowers bloom, the valley looks like a magical world with different colors. There are also a lot of wild plants, such as trees and grass, in the Valley of Flowers. They are special. Some of them are hard to find anywhere else in the world! What’s more, some endangered animals live in the valley, like snow leopards (雪豹). Now people have turned the Valley of Flowers into a national park. Visitors can’t build anything or live there. They can’t even stay there for too long at a time. They can only stay there for one day. It’s probably not long enough for visitors to see all the real beauty there. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 36．How does the writer start the passage? A．By asking questions. B．By telling a story. C．By giving an example. D．By showing some numbers. 37．When do flowers in the Valley of Flowers start to bloom? 9 / 16 A．In August. B．In July. C．In June D．In September. 38．What does the underlined word “them” refer to in Paragraph 3? A．The trees. B．The animals. C．The flowers. D．The wild plants. 39．What is the structure of the passage? (Paragraph 1 =①…) A． B． C． D． 40．The passage mainly ________. A．tells the facts about the Valley of Flowers B．describes the beautiful scene of the Himalayas C．asks more people to visit the Valley of Flowers D．explains the problems of some national parks in India Passage 9 World Reading Day is held on April 23rd every year. On this day, we are encouraged to read more books. Reading is like opening a window to different worlds. Around 130 million books have been come out in the human history. A reader will read at most 6,000 books in his life. Most of them won’t be so much fun or very unforgettable. Books are like people. We meet many but only a few touch our hearts. Perhaps we will only remember about 30 books. They will be different for each of us, but they affect (影响) us in similar ways. Books make us show our feelings better. When we see a bird flying in the sky, we have a beautiful feeling, but we may find it hard for us to use words to show our feelings and finally we just say, “That’s so nice.” However, a good writer can describe it wonderfully. He shows us the angle (角 度) of the wing, the slow movement of the largest branch (树枝) of a tree and the angle of the mouth in a smile. Great writers build bridges for us in order to communicate with each other. They describe the similar experiences of us, and show us what we can share with each other and how we can help each other. They also help us to feel. By reading a book, we meet someone. Perhaps she is very beautiful, young, smart but dying, and we feel sad about her hurt and the unfairness of the world. Or perhaps she is poor, weak but hard-working, and we find the courage to face the difficulties in life through her story. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 10 / 16 41．How does the writer begin the passage? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving examples. C．By asking questions. D．By telling a story. 42．How many books will a reader at most read in his life? A．30 books. B．600 books. C．6000 books. D．130 million books. 43．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The bird. B．The feeling. C．The sky. D．The book. 44．Which is TRUE according to this passage? A．A person should read as many books as possible. B．A person should read at least 30 books in his life. C．A person can read many books and remember all of them. D．A person may read lots of books, but he only remembers some of them. 45．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． Passage 10 You may be told not to be afraid of anything. Fear is often connected with (与……有关联 ) weakness, and fear is something we want to avoid (避免). But that’s not all true. Fear can be good for us sometimes. Fear tells us about danger. Without fear, we will not realize we should run away from a tiger or step back from a high place. Researchers said that a healthy fear keeps teenagers away from dangerous people, places and activities. Fear makes us jump, shake and cry. But interestingly, sometimes we make ourselves feel fear on purpose (故意地 ). Think about scary books and movies, and also the long lines for a scary roller coaster ride. Kerr, a researcher, explained why we like to do so. Fear fills our brains with healthy chemicals (化学物质). These things create feelings of happiness and excite us. Besides, when we’re scared, our bodies produce a chemical which helps us bond with each other. “Watch people walking off a roller coaster, and you’ll see lots of smiles on their faces,” Kerr said. That also explains why schools organize some challenging trips and physical activities to build up students’ team spirit. People experience and deal with fear in different ways. If you get scared easily, don’t worry. Because being scared can help a person manage difficult situations. The fear may come from things 11 / 16 like giving a report in front of your class or performing in a school play. It can help you be more confident. Also, if you become more comfortable with the physical experience of fear, you’ll be better able to work through it during the difficult situations. So, learn to love your fear. It only grows when you forget how helpful your fear is. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 46．What may many people think of fear according to the first paragraph? A．Good. B．Bad. C．Interesting. D．Exciting. 47．Why are scary books and movies helpful for people according to the text? A．Because they tell people how to keep away from fear. B．Because they teach people to be more confident in life. C．Because they help people stay away from dangerous people. D．Because they make brains produce chemicals that excite people. 48．What do the underlined words “bond with” most probably mean in Chinese? A．高度关注 B．建立联系 C．相互交流 D．产生敌意 49．What is the right attitude (态度) to fear according to the text? A．Avoid all the scary situations. B．Experience it as often as possible. C．Consider it as a sign of weakness. D．Enjoy the healthy fear sometimes. 50．What is the text mainly about? A．Ways to experience fear. B．The advantages fear brings us. C．Different ways people deal with fear. D．People’s misunderstandings about fear. Passage 11 If you feel stressed at school, what can you do to make yourself happier? Some may listen to some music. Others may get some exercise. A new study found another great way to make students less stressed—playing with dogs. Scientists studied 105 students between the ages of eight and nine. 35 trained dogs and their trainers also took part in the test. They divided (分开) the children into 3 groups. The students in the first group spent 20 minutes with a dog and its trainer. They played with the trained dogs. They did this twice a week for 4 weeks. The second group spent the same amount of time (时长) doing exercise to relax. The last group did neither of these things. During this time, the scientists recorded the students’ cortisol levels (皮质醇水平). The more stressed you feel, the more cortisol you will have in your body. What did the scientists find? Both the second and third groups showed rises in cortisol levels. The first group, however, showed no big increase. And the children in this group had the least cortisol. 12 / 16 According to the study, students enjoy playing with dogs, and it helps them become happier. The cortisol levels fall over time this way. And it is good for students’ health. But here comes the next question: Is 20 minutes of playtime with a dog the best amount of time? Scientists are going to find out the answer. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 51．Why does the writer write the first paragraph? A．To lead in the topic. B．To show the difficulties. C．To surprise the readers. D．To show the latest research results. 52．What made the testing results of the three groups different? A．The time. B．The activity. C．The age. D．The place. 53．Which one shows the relationship between students’ stress (x) and cortisol levels(y)? A． B． C． D． 54．What does the underlined word “increase” mean? A．成就 B．风险 C．兴趣 D．增长 55．What may the scientists study next? A．New skills of keeping pets at home. B．More useful ways to deal with stress. C．The amount of time to play with a dog. D．The most proper kind of dog to play with. Passage 12 One day, you open the fridge and find some moldy (发霉的) food. But before you can throw it away, your mother stops you. She doesn’t want to waste food. She cuts off the moldy part and eats the rest. Is it safe to do this? Mold can grow on almost all kinds of food. Mold is usually green, white, black or grey. Mold makes food soft and changes its color. Moldy food tastes quite bad and it’s not safe to eat. If you find mold in soft food, just throw it away. Soft food, such as bread, tomatoes or hot dogs, usually contains (包含) water. This allows mold to grow easily below its surface. Bacteria (细菌) can also grow along with it. But it’s easy to remove mold from hard food. The mold can’t grow very deeply inside this kind of food. According to the BBC, you should cut about 2.5 cm around and below the mold to remove it. 模块三 拓展拔高题 13 / 16 It’s OK to cut the moldy parts out of hard food and eat the rest. But if the food is completely covered with mold, you should still throw it away. Most kinds of mold are bad for us. But some kinds of mold can be used to make food. For example, penicillium (青霉菌) can be used to make many types of cheeses, such as blue cheese. These cheeses are safe to eat and they’re quite delicious as well. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 56．What’s the best way to deal with a moldy tomato? A．To eat it. B．To throw it away. C．To cut off the moldy part. D．To boil it in hot water. 57．Which sentence can best describe mold? A．We can’t see it. B．It grows faster when it is cold. C．It makes the food taste bad. D．It is more possible to grow on hard food. 58．Which part do you need to cut to remove mold on hard food? A．Half of the food. B．About 1.5 cm around and below the mold. C．The surface of the food. D．About 2.5 cm around and below the mold. 59．What do we know about penicillium (青霉菌) according to the passage? A．It tastes quite delicious. B．It can be used to make food. C．It is bad for our health. D．It is more likely to grow on cheese. 60．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A newspaper. B．A sports magazine. C．A science fiction story. D．Amovie poster. Passage 13 A few close friends walking through the city streets has become popular among young people in China. It is called Citywalk. People would like to have a journey to walk around the city and explore its beauty. Citywalk first appeared in London, England to make tourists travel like locals. A group of people followed a guide, enjoyed the city’s streets, saw buildings up close, and got a deep understanding of the history and culture. At that time, Citywalk emphasized (强调) the importance of heartfelt feeling and a new understanding. But in China, Citywalk emphasizes following the heart and moving at a slower speed. People do not need to have a good plan before they start walking. Unlike walking in the park or in their neighborhood, Citywalk includes discovering old buildings, visiting special shops, having a cup of coffee, trying local food and so on. People take photos, make videos and share their stories online. 14 / 16 They tell others where they go and what they find. In this fast-paced world, young people are always working hard and they have little time for local visit. Citywalk helps them have a warmer, more relaxing and slower-paced lifestyle. Whether it’s a busy market, a small shop in a small neighborhood, or a modern city street, they can all make them feel comfortable. Let’s take a walk together and experience the beauty of daily life! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 61．What does the underlined word “explore” mean in the text? A．Search. B．Understand. C．Enjoy. D．Realize. 62．Why do young people like Citywalk in China? A．It helps them find better jobs. B．It gives them more time to work. C．It offers chances for perfect travels.D．It allows them to have a slower lifestyle. 63．What would people do when they join Citywalk in China? A．Walk in their neighborhood. B．Look for some old buildings. C．Walk in some beautiful parks. D．Make a careful plan before walking. 64．What is the main purpose of this text? A．To tell the importance of Citywalk. B．To call on people to experience Citywalk. C．To ask readers to Citywalk in England and China. D．To introduce when Citywalk first appeared to the readers. 65．What is the best title of this text? A．Citywalk for All Ages B．Citywalk Around the World C．Citywalk in the Small Neighborhood D．Citywalk—AWay to Lead a Slow Life Passage 14 Have you ever wished that your life was like a reality (现实 ) TV show? Well, like it or not, things might be this way in the future. This is because of Google glasses. This kind of glasses is the latest technology (科技 ) from Google. They have more exciting features (特征) than you could possibly imagine. For one thing, people who wear the glasses can shoot videos and record the sounds around them. So if your friend is wearing Google glasses, he or she can record your every move and broadcast live on the Internet for the world to see. There is a GPS system in the glasses. So if you get lost, you can say “Glass, where am I?” And it will find where you are and tell you where you need to go. 15 / 16 Google glasses are a bit like a helpful secretary (秘书). You can tell them what you want to write in an e-mail and they will type it for you. Since April 16, Google glasses have been on the market in small numbers. And by the end of the year anyone will be able to buy a pair for about 2,500 yuan. Some people are not sure whether Google glasses are cool or not. When someone is wearing Google glasses, it is not easy to see whether or not he is using them. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 66．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Google glasses can record everything. B．Google glasses will take the place of TVs. C．Google glasses are helpful secretaries to us. D．Google glasses are sold in the small market. 67．How many features of Google glasses are mentioned in the passage? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 68．What can’t we learn about Google glasses from the passage? A．The price. B．The features. C．Who develops them. D．How many Google glasses there are. 69．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．People don’t like wearing Google glasses. B．People with Google glasses are not so cool. C．People don’t believe they can find Google glasses. D．It’s hard to find whether someone is using Google glasses. 70．The passage is mainly about ________. A．what Google glasses can do B．the designer of Google glasses C．how to use Google glasses D．the importance of Google glasses Passage 15 Every year, lots of animals around the world go on long journeys called migrations (迁徙 ). Some need to find food; others are looking for somewhere to breed and raise their young. Migrations can be long and challenging for animals but new research on birds has found that farmland along the way can help their progress. In spring, hundreds of thousands of birds living near Lake Poyang, in China, fly north to breed in Siberia, Russia. On the way, they find places to stop and eat, so that they can finish the whole journey. Some birds eat grass shoots that start to grow at the beginning of the season. This kind of food can only be got for a few weeks, and rising temperatures caused by climate (气候) change can sometimes make the grass grow earlier than usual. This means that some birds are arriving too late to 16 / 16 eat the grass. As more land is used for farming, the natural wetlands where birds like to search for food are disappearing, too. A team of researchers recently tracked (追踪) 246 birds that were flying from Lake Poyang to Siberia. They found that the birds have changed their diets (饮食 ) according to the changing environments they pass through. As well as eating grass from the natural wetlands along the way, the birds are also eating seeds (种子) dropped by farmers. The researchers believe that seeds will become a more important part of migrating birds’ diets as more natural living environments disappear. They suggest that if farmers use different ways of harvesting, such as machines that leave behind more seeds in fields, it could help to feed migrating birds. However, they also said wetlands must be protected, so the birds can get different foods during their long journeys. 71．What does the underlined word “breed” probably mean in the first paragraph? A．Feed animals. B．Keep pets. C．Meet friends. D．Have babies. 72．In which month will the birds living near Lake Poyang fly to Siberia, Russia? A．In January. B．In April. C．In August. D．In October. 73．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．The birds don’t like eating grass. B．Dropped seeds are helpful to birds. C．More and more land is used for farming. D．Natural living environments are disappearing. 74．What may cause less food to eat for the migrating birds? a. The rising temperatures. b. The late arrival of some birds. c. The disappearance of natural wetlands. d. The use of different harvesting ways. A．a,b,c B．a,b,d C．b,c,d D．a,c,d 75．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To explain the information of the migration. B．To call on people to help the migrating birds. C．To advise people to keep the migrating birds. D．To show the importance of the migrating birds. 1 / 9 阅读理解（说明文） 答案解析 Passage 1 答案与解析 1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文针对学生睡前使用智能设备造成的睡眠问题进行了探讨。 1．推理判断题。根据“Do you often feel sleepy in class?”可知，第 1段以提问题的方式展开话题。故选 C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Most of them use their electronic devices before bedtime. They spend too much time playing with electronic devices. Of course they have a poor sleep.”可知，大多数青少年在睡前花费太多时间玩这些电子 设备，因此他们睡眠质量不好。故选 B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“The electronic devices can release the special blue light. The blue light can make you excited and it can stop you from sleeping.”可知，电子设备会释放出蓝光，这些蓝光会让你兴奋起来，让你睡不了觉。 因此 release意为“释放”，与 give out同义。故选 B。 4．细节理解题。根据“You should stop looking at electronic devices at least 30 minutes before your bedtime. In this way, your brain (大脑) can slow down and get ready for sleep. You can also count some numbers. Both of them are good ways to help you sleep better.”可知，给出了两条帮助人们睡得更好的建议。故选 A。 5．主旨大意题。根据“Maybe you should take your smartphone and tablet (平板电脑) away from your bed at night so that you can have a good night’s sleep.”可知，本文主要探讨了电子设备对睡眠的影响。故选 D。 Passage 2 答案与解析 6．A 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．B 【导语】本文介绍了中国少林功夫的历史。 6．细节理解题。根据“Shaolin Temple is in Henan Province, China. It was founded in the 5th century.”可知少林寺 创建于 5世纪。故选 A。 7．细节理解题。根据“He found the monks there were weak so he decided to teach them kung fu to keep their bodies strong.”可知和尚们很虚弱，为了让他们的身体强壮，因此菩提达摩教他们功夫。故选 A。 8．细节理解题。根据“At the end of Sui Dynasty, some Shaolin monks helped Li Shimin win a war. In return for that, he gave a lot of land to the temple. After that, the Shaolin Temple and Shaolin kung fu became famous all over China.”可知少林和尚们帮助李世民打了胜仗，李世民为了回报他们，向寺庙提供了很多帮助，之后少林功夫 2 / 9 就很出名。故选 C。 9．细节理解题。根据“During the Qing Dynasty, the emperors stopped Shaolin monks from studying Shaolin kung fu, so many monks had to leave the temple for different places. During that time, they saw many new kinds of kung fu and studied them. At last all these new ideas changed Shaolin kung fu a lot.”可知并不是所有的皇帝都喜欢功夫， 在秦朝，皇帝阻止僧人学习功夫，僧人们不得不离开寺庙到其他的地方，在那期间他们看到不同种类的功夫 并且学习它们，以此改进少林功夫。故选 B。 10．主旨大意题。根据“It is well-known for its Chinese martial arts(武术) and Shaolin kung fu.”并结合全文可知 本文介绍了少林功夫的历史。故选 B。 Passage 3 答案与解析 11．A 12．A 13．D 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。它也是一篇科普文。主要介绍了我们大脑的运作和燃烧卡路里的联系。 11．细节理解题。根据“Our brain gets energy from a kind of sugar that is in rice and noodles.”可知，我们的大脑 从大米和面条中获得能量。故选 A。 12．词义猜测题。根据“The brain uses up 20 to 25 percent of the body’s total energy.”可知，我们的大脑会消耗掉 我们身体总能量的百分之二十到二十五。所以“burning”的意思就是“消耗”，也就是“用完，用光”。故选 A。 13．数字计算题。根据“The brain uses up 20 to 25 percent of the body’s total energy.”可知，我们的大脑会消耗掉 我们身体总热量的百分之二十到二十五。因此，我们的身体一天需要消耗 1800-2250的热量。故选 D。 14．细节理解题。根据“In one study, researchers found that people who worked on a hard task on a computer ate around 200 more calories than those who were resting.”可知，在电脑上辛苦工作的人比那些休息的人多摄入 200 卡路里。故选 D。 15．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文只要讲述我们大脑的运作和燃烧卡路里的联系，也就是大脑是如何燃 烧卡路里的。故选 C。 Passage 4 答案与解析 16．D 17．B 18．A 19．B 20．C 【导语】本文介绍了指甲的用途以及有关指甲的一些有趣事情。 16．推理判断题。根据“ And your fingernails can help you do some tiny things in your daily life. For example, if you find a dog hair on your sofa, you can use your fingernails to pick it up easily”可知，举狗毛的例子是为了介绍指甲 在日常生活中的用处，故选 D。 3 / 9 17．细节理解题。根据“You had fingernails and toenails before you were born”可知，出生前就有指甲和脚趾甲， 故选 B。 18．细节理解题。根据“But in fact they grow about 2.4 millimeters each month”可知，它们每个月能长 2.4毫米， 即每周长长 0.6毫米，故选 A。 19．推理判断题。根据“The hard surfaces(表面) of your nails help to protect your fingers and toes. And your fingernails can help you do some tiny things in your daily life”可知，此处提到了指甲在日常生活中的作用，接下 来作者会介绍在日常生活中它们具体能帮人们做些什么，故选 B。 20．推理判断题。本文介绍了指甲的用途以及有关指甲的一些有趣事情，属于科学范畴，故选 C。 Passage 5 答案与解析 21．D 22．C 23．D 24．B 25．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何和人更好地谈话的几个方法。 21．细节理解题。根据“How can we improve our talking skills? Here are four ways for you to learn.”可知，本文介 绍了四种提高谈话技巧的方法。故选 D。 22．细节理解题。根据“Never speak when the other person is speaking. If you do this, it’s just like saying, ‘I don’t care what you’re saying. What I have to say is more important.’”可知，别人说话的时候，不要说话认真听会更好。 故选 C。 23．篇章结构题。根据“How can we improve our talking skills? Here are four ways for you to learn.”可知第一段引 出文章话题，后面四段分别讲述四种方法，为总分结构。故选 D。 24．细节理解题。根据“Repeat (重复) what the other person said. To show you have really understood someone, say what they have just said before you tell them your idea.”可知，重复别人的话能展示出你理解了他。故选 B。 25．推理判断题。根据后文“By looking at the other person in the eye, you are showing that you are interested in what they’re saying.”可推知这个方法是关于眼神交流的。选项 A符合题意，故选 A。 Passage 6 答案与解析 26．C 27．A 28．D 29．C 30．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了我们的味觉是如何工作的，以及舌头和鼻子在味觉中的作用。 26．细节理解题。根据“How do the taste buds work? In fact, they have many tiny hairs on them. These tiny hairs send messages to your brain about the tastes of different food.”可知，味蕾通过微小的毛发向大脑传递食物的味道 信息，故选 C。 4 / 9 27．词义猜测题。根据“The taste buds don’t always stay the same. They are replaced about every two weeks.”可知， 味蕾并不总是保持不变。它们大约每两周更换一次，所以“are replaced”应该表示“被更新”，故选 A。 28．细节理解题。根据“That’s why some food may taste stronger for you than it does for an older person.”可知， 年轻人和老年人对同一种食物可能有不同的看法是正确的，故选 D。 29．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出主题，第二段和第三段介绍了舌头上的味蕾是如何工作的及人 们的味蕾的更新情况，第四段介绍了鼻子能帮人们了解食物的味道，第五段总结舌头和鼻子的作用，所以本 文结构如图 C所示，故选 C。 30．主旨大意题。根据“Do you wonder why your favorite food tastes so good? The answer is about your tongue and nose.”及全文可知，文章主要告诉我们是如何品尝出美味的食物的，故选 B。 Passage 7 答案与解析 31．C 32．C 33．A 34．D 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍中国汉族的传统服装——汉服。 31．细节理解题。根据“Hanfu came from the Yellow Emperor’s crown dress ”可知，从黄帝时代开始，故选 C。 32．细节理解题。根据“In the past, hanfu was mainly used for traditional festivals.”可知，在过去，汉服主要用于 传统节日，C图“端午节”属于传统节日，故选 C。 33．词义猜测题。根据“You can experience the services with a cost-effective price”可推断，在这些店里以合适的 价格体验这些服务，所以划线单词与 proper意思相近，故选 A。 34．主旨大意题。根据“In many cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Chengdu, hanfu experience shops have come out one after another…”可知，最后一段主要讲述了可以好好体验一下汉服，故选 D。 35．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍中国汉族的传统服装——汉服，所以 B选项“汉服的文化”最 适合作为本文的标题，故选 B。 Passage 8 答案与解析 36．A 37．C 38．D 39．B 40．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了处于喜马拉雅山花谷的生态环境。 36．推理判断题。根据“When it comes to the Himalayas, what do you have in your mind? High mountains? White snow?”可知，作者以提问的方式开始这篇文章。故选 A。 模块二 中等难度题 5 / 9 37．细节理解题。根据“They bloom between June and September.”可知，花谷的花 6月份开始开放。故选 C。 38．词句猜测题。根据“There are also a lot of wild plants, such as trees and grass, in the Valley of Flowers. They are special. Some of them are hard to find anywhere else in the world!”可知，划线部分单词指“wild plants野生植物”。 故选 D。 39．篇章结构题。第①段引出了喜马拉雅山花谷；第②段介绍了喜马拉雅山花谷的花朵；第③段介绍了喜马 拉雅山花谷的野生植物和濒危动物；第 4段介绍了喜马拉雅山花谷规划的改变。则该篇文章的结构应是 ①-②③-④。故选 B。 40．主旨大意题。通读全文，本文主要介绍了处于喜马拉雅山花谷的生态环境。故选 A。 Passage 9 答案与解析 41．A 42．C 43．B 44．D 45．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了阅读书籍的必要性以及给我们带来的好处。 41．推理判断题。根据第一段“Around 130 million books have been come out in the human history. A reader will read at most 6,000 books in his life.”可知，该文章通过列举数字来展开。故选 A。 42．细节理解题。根据“A reader will read at most 6,000 books in his life.”可知，一个读者一生最多读 6000本书。 故选 C。 43．词义猜测题。根据“When we see a bird flying in the sky, we have a beautiful feeling, but we may find it hard for us to use words to show our feelings and finally we just say, ‘That’s so nice.’ However, a good writer can describe it wonderfully.”可知，当我们看到一只鸟在天空中飞翔时，我们有一种美丽的感觉，但我们可能会发现很难用 语言来表达我们的感受，最后我们只是说“那太好了”，而一个好的作家却能把它描写得很精彩。由此可知， 此处的划线单词 it指代的是那种“感觉”。故选 B。 44．细节理解题。根据“A reader will read at most 6,000 books in his life.”和“Perhaps we will only remember about 30 books.”可知，一个人可能读了很多书，但他可能只会记得其中的一些。故选 D。 45．篇章结构题。通读全文后可知，第一段和第二段讲述了一个人可能读了很多书，但他只记得其中的一些； 第三、第四和第五段讲述了书以什么样的方式影响着我们。选项 C与之相符。故选 C。 Passage 10 答案与解析 46．B 47．D 48．B 49．D 50．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了恐惧对我们的好处。 46．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Fear is often connected with (与……有关联) weakness, and fear is something 6 / 9 we want to avoid (避免).”可知，人们认为恐惧往往与软弱有关，所以很多人认为恐惧是一个不好的东西。故选 B。 47．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Think about scary books and movies, and also the long lines for a scary roller coaster ride. Kerr, a researcher, explained why we like to do so. Fear fills our brains with healthy chemicals (化学物 质). These things create feelings of happiness and excite us.”可知，看恐怖书籍和电影对人们很有帮助，因为恐惧 让我们的大脑充满健康的化学物质，这些物质会让我们感到快乐和兴奋。故选 D。 48．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“That also explains why schools organize some challenging trips and physical activities to build up students’ team spirit.”可知，学校组织一些具有挑战性的旅行和体育活动来培养学生的团队 精神，而团队精神是需要各成员之间相互协作的，所以划线部分的含义是“建立联系”。故选 B。 49．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Researchers said that a healthy fear keeps teenagers away from dangerous people, places and activities.”以及最后一段中的“So, learn to love your fear.”可知，作者建议我们有时要享受健康的恐惧。 故选 D。 50．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了恐惧对我们的好处。故选 B。 Passage 11 答案与解析 51．A 52．B 53．A 54．D 55．C 【导语】本文介绍了减少学生压力的一种方法——和小狗玩耍。 51．推理判断题。根据“A new study found another great way to make students less stressed—playing with dogs.” 可知，第一段是为了导入本文话题：和小狗玩耍对缓解学生的压力有作用。故选 A。 52．推理判断题。根据“The students in the first group spent 20 minutes with a dog and its trainer. They played with the trained dogs. They did this twice a week for 4 weeks. The second group spent the same amount of time (时长) doing exercise to relax. The last group did neither of these things.”可知，三组同学被安排的活动不同使三组的测 试结果不同，故选 B。 53．推理判断题。根据“The more stressed you feel, the more cortisol you will have in your body.”可知，你感到的 压力越大，你体内的皮质醇就越多。A图符合语境，故选 A。 54．词义猜测题。根据“Both the second and third groups showed rises in cortisol levels.”可知，第二组和第三组 显示皮质醇增长，根据连词 however，此处表示转折。因此第一组学生的皮质醇没有很大增长，故选 D。 55．推理判断题。根据“But here comes the next question: Is 20 minutes of playtime with a dog the best amount of time? Scientists are going to find out the answer.”可知，作者接下来会研究和小狗玩耍的最佳时长，故选 C。 7 / 9 Passage 12 答案与解析 56．B 57．C 58．D 59．B 60．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何处理发霉的食物。 56．细节理解题。根据“If you find mold in soft food, just throw it away. Soft food, such as bread, tomatoes or hot dogs, usually contains (包含) water.”可知，西红柿属于软的食物，如果发现软的食物上有霉菌，最好的办法就 是扔掉，故选 B。 57．细节理解题。根据“Moldy food tastes quite bad and it’s not safe to eat.”可知，发霉的食物味道很差，故选 C。 58．细节理解题。根据“But it’s easy to remove mold from hard food.…According to the BBC, you should cut about 2.5 cm around and below the mold to remove it.”可知，需要切除坚硬食物上霉菌周围和下面大约 2.5cm的部分， 故选 D。 59．细节理解题。根据“But some kinds of mold can be used to make food. For example, penicillium (青霉菌) can be used to make many types of cheeses, such as blue cheese.”可知，可以用来制作食物，故选 B。 60．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了如何处理发霉的食物，最有可能来自报纸，故选 A。 Passage 13 答案与解析 61．A 62．D 63．B 64．B 65．D 【导语】本文介绍了在中国年轻人中流行的一种活动—— Citywalk“城市漫步”。 61．词义猜测题。根据“People would like to have a journey to walk around the city and explore its beauty.”可知， 人们在城市周围走走，是为了探索城市的美丽。划线单词是“探索”的意思，而 search是“搜查；探求”与它意 思接近。故选 A。 62．细节理解题。根据“Citywalk helps them have a warmer, more relaxing and slower-paced lifestyle.”和“Let’s take a walk together and experience the beauty of daily life!”可知，中国的年轻人喜欢城市漫步，因为它可以让他们 以较慢的速度探索日常生活。故选 D。 63．细节理解题。根据“Citywalk includes discovering old buildings.”可知，城市漫步包括发现老建筑。故选 B。 64．主旨大意题。根据全文和最后一段“Let’s take a walk together and experience the beauty of daily life!”可知， 是为了号召人们体验城市漫步。故选 B。 65．最佳标题题。文章主要介绍了一种全新的生活体验——城市漫步。所以最佳标题是“城市漫步——一种慢 模块三 拓展拔高题 8 / 9 生活的方式”。故选 D。 Passage 14 答案与解析 66．C 67．B 68．D 69．D 70．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了谷歌的新技术——谷歌眼镜，并介绍了其功能。 66．细节理解题。根据“Google glasses are a bit like a helpful secretary”可知，谷歌眼镜有点像一个有帮助的秘 书。故选 C。 67．细节理解题。根据“For one thing, people who wear the glasses can shoot videos and record the sounds around them. (首先，戴眼镜的人可以拍摄视频并记录周围的声音)”，“There is a GPS system in the glasses (眼镜里有一 个 GPS 系统)”以及“Google glasses are a bit like a helpful secretary (谷歌眼镜有点像一个有帮助的秘书)”可知， 一共提到了三个特征。故选 B。 68．细节理解题。根据“And by the end of the year anyone will be able to buy a pair for about 2,500 yuan.”、“For one thing, people who wear the glasses can shoot videos and record the sounds around them.”及“This kind of glasses is the latest technology (科技) from Google.”可知，本文提到了谷歌眼镜的价格、特征及开发商，没有提到有多少 谷歌眼镜。故选 D。 69．细节理解题。根据“When someone is wearing Google glasses, it is not easy to see whether or not he is using them.”可知，当一个人戴着谷歌眼镜时，很难看出他是否在使用。故选 D。 70．主旨大意题。根据“This is because of Google glasses. This kind of glasses is the latest technology (科技) from Google.”并结合全文可知，本文主要介绍了谷歌的新技术——谷歌眼镜，并介绍了其功能。故选 A。 Passage 15 答案与解析 71．D 72．B 73．D 74．A 75．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了每年世界各地的许多动物都会进行迁徙，其中候鸟在迁徙的过程中找需要寻找吃的 食物，但是由于各种原因，候鸟的食物减少，因此有研究者建议，农民使用不同的收割方式，比如在田地里 留下更多种子的机器以及必须保护湿地，这样鸟类才能在长途旅行中获得不同的食物。 71．词句猜测题。根据“Some need to find food; others are looking for somewhere to breed and raise their young.” 可知，有些鸟需要寻找食物；另一些则在寻找繁殖和抚养后代的地方。因此 breed应意为“繁殖”。故选 D。 72．细节理解题。根据“In spring, hundreds of thousands of birds living near Lake Poyang, in China, fly north to breed in Siberia, Russia.”可知，鸟在春天飞往俄罗斯西伯利亚。故选 B。 73．细节理解题。根据“As well as eating grass from the natural wetlands along the way, the birds are also eating 9 / 9 seeds (种子) dropped by farmers.”可知，除了吃沿途的草之外，鸟儿还会吃农民扔的种子，所以说丢弃的种子 对于鸟儿是有用的。故选 B。 74．细节理解题。根据“This kind of food can only be got for a few weeks, and rising temperatures caused by climate (气候) change can sometimes make the grass grow earlier than usual. This means that some birds are arriving too late to eat the grass. As more land is used for farming, the natural wetlands where birds like to search for food are disappearing, too.”可知，候鸟的食物减少的原因是气温上升；一些鸟来晚了；自然湿地的消失。故选 A。 75．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了候鸟在迁徙的过程中找需要寻找吃的食物，但是由于各种 原因，候鸟的食物减少，因此有研究者建议，农民使用不同的收割方式，比如在田地里留下更多种子的机器 以及必须保护湿地，这样鸟类才能在长途旅行中获得不同的食物。因此本文的主要目的是呼吁人们帮助候鸟。 故选 B。