精品解析：2025届天津市河西区2024-2025学年高三下学期二模英语试题

河西区2024-2025学年度第二学期高三年级总复习质量调查（二） 英语试卷 本试卷由第Ⅰ卷（选择题）、第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）组成，共130分，考试用时100分钟。 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. —Did you have butterflies in your stomach at the interview? —______. That was my first job interview. A. It depends B. Not really C. You bet D. I mean it 2. I was on the highway when this car went past, followed by a police car. They _______ at least 150 kilometers an hour. A. should have been driving B. must have been driving C. could have driven D. would have driven 3. To my father, there’s no greater happiness than_________ of succeeding in his career. A. that B. one C. it D. other 4. _________ in his best suit and prepared to claim his prize, he went on the stage only _________ there was an error. A. Dressed; to be told B. Dressing; to tell C Dressed; being told D. Dressing; telling 5. I _______to meet him at the airport, but I had an important meeting to attend. A. intended B. intend C. have intended D. had intended 6. Soon children in the camp had many new friends, ________ they shared food, stories, and projects. A. for which B. with whom C of which D. to whom 7. —You seem to be very upset this afternoon. —________. I should not have said so much about Jack’s family. A. Never say never B. Pull your weight C. Loose lips sink ships D. Hold your horses 8. The school has 300 computers and three fourths of them __________ by Project Hope. A. provides B. are provided C. provide D. is provided 9. With mountains ________ at the far side and flocks of birds flying overhead, I can’t help but have my eyes ________ on such breath-taking view. A. stood; focusing B. standing; focusing C. standing; focused D. stood; focused 10. The athletes, especially the winners, should remain modest ________ rapid progress they have made. A. whatever B. however C. how much D. no matter 11. I have absolutely no ________ for people who get into debt because of overspending. A. soul B. sympathy C. comment D. fame 12. The new policy the importance of environmental protection and encourages public participation in environmental initiatives. A. detects B. captures C. accomplishes D. highlights 13. He is regarded as one of the most ________ film directors of his generation. A essential B. influential C. initial D. racial 14. A bunch of our kids would frequently the bookstore after school. We’d look at the new books, or just chat with Old Casey. A. get away B. drop in C. check out D. hold on 15. is obviously right is to give all children equal opportunities to develop their special gift. A. Which B. As C. That D. What 第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16～35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 One of my friends Bob was a research and development director in a large company. One day, he arrived at our coaching session feeling ____16____. It turned out that Bob had spent hours preparing for an important meeting with colleagues across the globe. He ____17____ his talking points, and got the conference software ready to ____18____. However, things didn’t go smoothly as planned. At first, Bob ____19____ to be heard above those seemingly more distinguished colleagues. When he did get an opportunity to give his speech, he felt ____20____ and forgot his words. Afterwards, Bob was ____21____ by the incident. What’s worse, he couldn’t stop beating himself up. Bob is what I call a sensitive striver — a high achiever who is also highly sensitive. He demands ____22____ from himself at all times. But when he fails to ____23____ those impossibly high expectations, his sensitivity and thoughtfulness will cause him to get into ____24____. If you also share Bob’s reaction, then you are also too _____25_____ yourself. And you may have these _____26_____: making harsh personal judgments, over analyzing your short-comings and _____27_____ your minor faults Perhaps many people argue that self-criticism can keep us _____28_____. Sensitive strivers like Bob often use it as a kind of _____29_____, hoping that it’ll force them to perform better. But research shows that self-criticism is a poor strategy when it’s used _____30_____. It’ll _____31_____ affect you, for example, you’ll have less motivation, _____32_____ self-control, and greater procrastination (拖延). In fact, self-criticism _____33_____ the brain into a state of inhibition (拘谨), which prevents you from taking action to _____34_____ your goals. As a sensitive striver, your desire to be the best is your wealth. As long as you succeed in _____35_____ the pattern of pushing yourself too hard, you’ll definitely benefit from both your sensitivity and your ambition. 16. A. shocked B. delighted C. upset D. embarrassed 17. A. adopted B. drafted C. transformed D. strengthened 18. A. contribute B. distribute C. distract D. decorate 19. A. pretended B. promised C. refused D. struggled 20. A. nervous B. depressed C. satisfied D. happy 21. A. deceived B. controlled C. discouraged D. prevented 22 A. forgiveness B. excellence C. consideration D. expectation 23. A. get rid of B. give way to C. live up to D. go back to 24. A. self-improvement B. self-confidence C. self-discipline D. self-criticism 25. A. tough on B. confident of C. surprised by D. proud of 26. A. restrictions B. behaviors C. ambitions D. explanations 27. A. reflecting on B. going through C. giving away D. holding back 28. A. overcautious B. awkward C. conservative D. sharp 29. A. campaign B. challenge C. motivation D. flexibility 30. A. appropriately B. excessively C. efficiently D. wisely 31. A. temporarily B. negatively C. permanently D. regularly 32. A. worse B. better C. higher D. stronger 33. A. breaks B. divides C. shifts D. translates 34. A. conduct B. refresh C. set D. achieve 35. A. forming B. following C. breaking D. preserving 第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A I do think that a book can inspire ideas and ways of thinking that have the power to transform our lives. Here are some books to serve the purpose. Thinking, Fast and slow Daniel Kahneman is a Nobel Prize winner who has written an amazing book that dives into the mysterious world of our conscious and unconscious thinking patterns. By reading this book, you’ll gain a deeper understanding about how to make decisions and react to certain things in your life. Yes, this is a super thick book that seems challenging, but somehow the author makes it accessible and really fun to read. The Power of Habit Written by award-winning New York Times business reporter Charles Duhigg, this book is an awesome mix of research, stories, and revelations(启示) about habits: how we form them, how we can change them, and how knowledge about human habits is transforming everything. The Road Less Traveled The first words in this classic and powerful book are: Life is difficult. Without hiding the true realities of life which is filled with conflicts, difficulties, and challenging decisions, M. Scott Peck guides us to a deeper level of self-understanding and creates a path we can follow to a fuller, more peaceful life. The Power of Now The key message of the book is simple and powerful: The way to true happiness is through learning to live in the now, without reliving the past or racing to the future. Eckhart Tolle helps us understand how our thoughts and emotions get in the way and what to do about it. 36. What do we learn about Thinking, Fast and Slow? A. It’s too abstract to understand. B. It helps readers to make decisions. C. It divides our thinking patterns into different types. D. It enables readers to understand themselves better. 37. Whose book is helpful for a person who wants to quit smoking? A. Daniel Kahneman’s B. Charles Duhigg’s C. M. Scott Peck’s D. Eckhart Tolle’s 38. What is The Road Less Traveled mainly about? A. The challenges of life. B. A path to a better life. C. The author’s understanding of humans. D. The best way to settle conflicts. 39. Which book tells us the way to achieve true happiness? A. Thinking, Fast and Slow B. The Power of Habit C. The Power of Now D. The Road Less Traveled 40. What do these books above have in common? A. They are classic and refreshing. B. They are adventurous and challenging. C. They are accessible and full of fun. D. They are inspiring and helpful. B Suzanne Heywood was just seven years old when her parents told her she, along with her younger brother Jonathan, would be pulled out of school to go on a three-year voyage around the world. The family of four from the UK set out on their exploration to recreate Captain Cook’s voyage around the globe, which ended up taking a decade instead of the promised three years. Now 55 years old, Suzanne has shared her tale of survival on TikTok, and recalled her 10 years at sea in her tell-all memoir Wave Walker. “I spent that time trapped on a boat, unable to go to school or have normal friendships.” Despite her father assuring her the trip would be safe, Suzanne claimed it was “incredibly dangerous but great as well”, sharing details of a risky journey from South Africa to Australia where the boat hit an enormous storm. In order to get through her very strange childhood, Suzanne recalled how she was determined to get an education to live a normal life. “As it became clear my parents had no intention of going back, I decided I had to educate myself as it was the only lifeline that I had,” she told the hosts of The Morning Show. She began studying in the small cabin of the boat, which she found challenging both practically and academically, as she “had missed a lot of education”. Then, when she was 16, and her brother 15, her parents enrolled the two teenagers into a school in New Zealand while they continued sailing. Despite the gaps in her education, Suzanne landed a spot at Oxford University, and after saving up money she had earned working on a farm, Suzanne bought a one-way plane ticket back to the UK Since going public with her story, Suzanne’s book instantly became a bestseller, and she continues to work through the trauma (创伤) caused by her “unstable” childhood. Suzanne’s extraordinary tale has captured the hearts of millions, with thousands of online fans applauding her for her bravery. 41. Why did Suzanne’s family set out their voyage? A. To meet the challenges of their life. B. To realize the dream of family traveling. C. To admire the beauty of great oceans. D. To follow in the footsteps of a great explorer. 42. What does the underlined word “memoir” mean in English? A. Personal experiences. B. Scientific research. C. Extraordinary tales. D. Offshore exploration. 43. What did education mean to Suzanne during the voyage? A. An approach to pleasing her parents. B. A tool for killing time on the vast sea. C. A means of struggling for a better future. D. A support of her admission into Oxford University. 44. What message does Suzanne’s experience convey? A. A strong will can free a person from family support. B. A lack of education can affect a person’s intelligence. C. A unique life can equip a person with special qualities. D. A crazy upbringing always leads to greater achievements. 45. What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text? A. To analyze the impact of family decisions and give warnings. B. To record Suzanne’s remarkable life journey and inspire others. C. To evaluate Suzanne’s educational achievements and praise her. D. To promote Suzanne’s memoir Wave Walker and excite readers. C Quantum computing (量子计算) represents a revolutionary leap in the field of information technology. Unlike classical computers, which use bits as the smallest unit of data, quantum computers use quantum bits, or qubits. These qubits can exist in multiple states simultaneously, thanks to the principles of superposition and entanglement (叠加和纠缠原理). This allows quantum computers to process complex calculations at high speed, potentially solving problems that are currently difficult for classical computers. One of the most promising applications of quantum computing is in the field of cryptography (密码学). Current encryption (加密) methods rely on the difficulty of factoring large numbers, a task that classical computers struggle with due to the time it takes. Quantum computers, however, could factor these numbers exponentially (指数级地) faster, causing many existing encryption methods outdated. This has led to a race to develop quantum-resistant encryption algorithms to secure data in the future. Another area where quantum computing could have a significant impact is in drug discovery and material science. The ability to simulate molecular interactions at the quantum level could accelerate the development of new drugs and materials. For instance, quantum computers could model the behavior of complex molecules, allowing researchers to identify potential drug candidates more efficiently. This could lead to breakthroughs in treating diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer’s. Despite its potential, quantum computing is still in its initial stage. Building and maintaining a quantum computer is an enormous technical challenge. Qubits are highly sensitive to their environment, and even the slightest interference can cause errors in calculations. This phenomenon, known as decoherence, is one of the biggest obstacles in developing practical quantum computers. Researchers are exploring various approaches to reduce decoherence, such as using error-correcting codes and developing more stable qubit technologies. Moreover, the ethical implications of quantum computing cannot be overlooked. The power to break current encryption methods could have far-reaching consequences for privacy and security. Governments and organizations must consider the potential risks and establish regulations to ensure that quantum computing is used responsibly. As the technology advances, it will be crucial to balance innovation with ethical considerations to exploit its full potential for the benefit of society. 46. What is the main topic of the passage? A. The history of quantum computing. B. The principles and potential applications of quantum computing. C. The challenges of classical computing. D The ethical implications of information technology. 47. What is a key difference between classical computers and quantum computers? A. Classical computers use smaller unit of data than quantum computers. B. Classical computers are more stable than quantum computers. C. Quantum computers are sensitive to environmental interference. D. Quantum computers can process data faster due to different principles. 48. What is one potential application of quantum computing mentioned in the passage? A. Improving internet speed. B. Developing quantum-resistant encryption algorithms. C. Enhancing social media platforms. D. Creating virtual reality environments. 49. What is decoherence in the context of quantum computing? A. The ability of qubits to exist in multiple states simultaneously. B. The process of developing stable qubit technologies. C. The sensitivity of qubits to environmental interference causing errors. D. The method of using error-correcting codes in classical computers. 50. What does the passage suggest about the future of quantum computing? A. It requires balancing innovation with ethical considerations. B. Its ethical implications will be well understood and managed. C. Governments and organizations will ensure it has no potential risks. D. It will primarily be used for encryption purposes. D Boredom has become quite interesting to academics lately. In early May, London’s Boring Conference celebrated seven years of delighting in dullness. At this event, people flocked to talks about weather, traffic jams and vending-machine sounds, among other sleep-inducing topics. What, exactly, is everybody studying? One widely accepted psychological definition of boredom is “the distasteful experience of wanting, but being unable, to engage in satisfying activity.” But how can you quantify a person’s boredom level and compare it with someone else’s? In 1986, psychologists introduced the Boredom Proneness Scale (倾向量表), designed to measure an individual’s overall tendency to feel bored. By contrast, the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale, developed in 2008, measures a person’s feelings of boredom in a given situation. Boredom has been linked to behavior issues including inattentive driving, mindless snacking, excessive drinking, and addictive gambling. In fact, many of us would choose pain over boredom. One team of psychologists discovered that two-thirds of men and a quarter of women would rather self-administer electric shocks than sit alone with their thoughts for 15 minutes. Researching this phenomenon, another team asked volunteers to watch boring, sad, or neutral films, during which they could self-administer electric shocks. The bored volunteers shocked themselves more and harder than the sad or neutral ones did. But boredom isn’t all bad. By encouraging self-reflection and daydreaming, it can prompt creativity. An early study gave participants abundant time to complete problem-solving and word-association exercises. Once all the obvious answers were exhausted, participants gave more and more inventive answers to fight boredom. A British study took these findings one step further, asking subjects to complete a creative challenge (coming up with a list of alternative uses for a household item). One group of subjects did a boring activity first, while the others went straight to the creative task. Those whose boredom pumps had been activated were more productive. In our always-connected world, boredom may be a hard-to-define state, but it is a fruitful one. Watch paint dry or water boil, or at least put away your smartphone for a while, and you might unlock your next big idea. 51. When are people likely to experience boredom, according to an accepted psychological definition? A. When they don’t have the chance to do what they want. B. When they don’t enjoy the materials they are studying. C. When they experience something unpleasant. D. When they engage in some routine activities. 52. What does the author say boredom can lead to? A. Determination. B. Mental illness. C. Concentration. D. Harmful conduct. 53. What is the finding of one team of psychologists in their experiment? A. Volunteers prefer watching a boring movie to sitting alone at home. B. Many volunteers choose to hurt themselves rather than endure boredom. C. Male volunteers care less about the effects of boredom than females. D. Many volunteers are unable to resist boredom longer than fifteen minutes. 54. Why does the author say boredom isn’t all bad? A. It stimulates memorization. B. It may promote creative thinking. C. It allows time for relaxation. D. It may facilitate independent learning. 55. What does the author suggest one do when faced with a challenging problem? A. Stop idling and think big. B. Look around oneself for stimulation. C. Unlock one’s smartphone. D. Allow oneself some time to be bored. 第Ⅱ卷 （非选择题 共35分） 第二部分：写作（共两节，满分35分） 第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。 Which of these ingredients have you cooked with or eaten, wild rice, rabbits or roses? Actually, they were part of Native American cuisine in the past. Sean Sherman is a chef from the Oglala Lakota tribe, who is attempting something remarkable. Through his company and his restaurant, Sherman is bringing these ingredients back into the public eye. Sean Sherman grew up on the Pine Ridge Reservation. As a reservation kid, Sherman usually didn’t have access to high-quality or tasty food. His family relied on the Commodity Supplemental Food Program, which meant canned goods, tasteless food, and powdered milk. After high school, Sherman started working for the Forest Service. As part of his job, he had to learn the names of the plants, which raised his curiosity about indigenous plants and foods. Sherman started doing lots of research on his own, and he started his company in 2014. A few years later, Sherman opened his restaurant Owamni, where he showed native ingredients and flavors. The most significant feature of the restaurant is the native ingredients, none of which is related to European civilizations. The vibe in the restaurant is totally unique as well. There, a lot of people are really struck by it, because it’s not typical to be able to go someplace and see their native foods on the menu, see native people cooking the food and listen to native music. Therefore, it’s a completely unique experience and it’s something that’s really special. Native cuisine allows native people to explore their histories and cultures. It supports local businesses and comes with a host of health benefits. “We should have native restaurants in every city to show the diversity and flavors of all the different tribes across North America and thus have a future where native cuisine is more widespread, and ingredients are more familiar and well known,” Sherman explains. 56. When did Sean Sherman become interested in native foods? (no more than 8 words) __________________________________________________________________________________ 57. What is the most important feature of Sherman’s restaurant? (no more than 6 words) __________________________________________________________________________________ 58. What does the underlined word “vibe” in Paragraph 4 mean? (1 word) __________________________________________________________________________________ 59. Why does Sherman suggest each city should have native restaurants? (no more than 8 words) __________________________________________________________________________________ 60. What can you learn from the story? Put it in your own words. (no more than 25 words) __________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节：书面表达（满分25分） 61. 假设你是晨光中学校报英语专栏的小记者。4月20日校学生会组织了“走进木工坊”劳动实践活动，请你为英语专栏写一篇报道。要点如下： 1. 活动目的、意义； 2. 活动内容（参观木工坊，进行亲身体验等）； 3. 活动感受。 注意： 1. 词数不少于100； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：木工坊 carpentry workshop ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 河西区2024-2025学年度第二学期高三年级总复习质量调查（二） 英语试卷 本试卷由第Ⅰ卷（选择题）、第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）组成，共130分，考试用时100分钟。 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. —Did you have butterflies in your stomach at the interview? —______. That was my first job interview. A. It depends B. Not really C. You bet D. I mean it 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你在面试中是不是忐忑不安。——你说对了。这是我的第一次工作面试。A. It depends看情况而定；B. Not really不是这样的；C. You bet的确；当然；D. I mean it我说真的。根据后文first可推知，他一定是很忐忑，故选C。 2. I was on the highway when this car went past, followed by a police car. They _______ at least 150 kilometers an hour. A. should have been driving B. must have been driving C could have driven D. would have driven 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我在高速公路上，这时这辆车开了过去，后面跟着一辆警车。他们肯定是以至少每小时150公里的速度驾驶车辆。should have been doing，表虚拟，意为“本该正在做某事（而实际并没有做）”；must have been doing，表猜测，意为“过去肯定正在做某事”；could have done，表虚拟，意为“本来能做成的（却没做成）”，would have done，表虚拟，意为“本来会做”。根据语境，此处表对过去正在进行的动作的肯定推测，当时两辆车的速度肯定至少时速150公里/小时。故选B项。 3. To my father, there’s no greater happiness than_________ of succeeding in his career. A. that B. one C. it D. other 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查不定代词。句意：对我父亲来说，没有什么比他在事业取得成功更大的幸福了。浏览选项，“that”代指前面提及的同类但并非同一事物，符合语境；“one”代指前面提到的同类人或物（可数名词）中的一个；“it”表特指，代替前面提到的那个特定的事物；“other”意为“其他”，指其余的人或事物，均不符合语境。故选A项。 4. _________ in his best suit and prepared to claim his prize he went on the stage only _________ there was an error. A. Dressed; to be told B. Dressing; to tell C. Dressed; being told D. Dressing; telling 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他穿上最好的西装，准备领奖，却被告知出了一个错误。 第一个空格处应该用非谓语动词作状语，动词dress和主语he之间是被动关系，所以应该用过去分词形式；第二个空格处用非谓语形式作状语，only to do表示出乎意料的结果，he和tell之间是被动关系，所以应该用不定式的被动语态to be told。故选A项。 5. I _______to meet him at the airport, but I had an important meeting to attend. A. intended B. intend C. have intended D. had intended 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：我本来打算在机场接他，但我有一个重要的会议要参加。根据句中的but I had an important meeting to attend可知，这里表示本打算做某事却没有做，intend表示的动作发生在had之前，应用过去完成时。had intended to do sth.意为“本打算做某事”。故选D。 6. Soon children in the camp had many new friends, ________ they shared food, stories, and projects. A. for which B. with whom C. of which D. to whom 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：夏令营里的孩子们很快就有了许多新朋友，他们一起分享食物、故事和专题研究。根据句型分析可知，这是非限制性定语从句，先行词为many new friends，再根据固定短语share sth with sb“和某人分享某物”和选项可知，这里应用with whom。故选B项。 7. —You seem to be very upset this afternoon. —________. I should not have said so much about Jack’s family. A. Never say never B. Pull your weight C. Loose lips sink ships D. Hold your horses 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：—你今天下午似乎很沮丧。—祸从口出。我不应该对杰克的家人说那么多。A. Never say never永不言弃；B. Pull your weight全力以赴；C. Loose lips sink ships祸从口出；D. Hold your horses慢慢来。根据后文“I should not have said so much about Jack’s family.”可知，作者觉得不应该对杰克的家人说那么多，所以是祸从口出。故选C项。 8. The school has 300 computers and three fourths of them __________ by Project Hope. A. provides B. are provided C. provide D. is provided 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：学校有300台电脑，其中四分之三是由希望工程提供的。此处主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文has可知为一般现在时的被动语态；且主语为 three fourths of them，“分数或百分数＋of＋名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词形式要以of后面的名词而定，them是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。故选B。 9. With mountains ________ at the far side and flocks of birds flying overhead, I can’t help but have my eyes ________ on such breath-taking view. A. stood; focusing B. standing; focusing C. standing; focused D. stood; focused 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：远处群山矗立，头顶飞鸟成群，我不禁将目光投向了这令人屏息的美景。第一空为with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，mountain和stand之间为主动关系，因此需用现在分词形式作宾补，并与空格后的flying并列；第二空是“have+宾语+宾补”结构，focus和my eyes之间是被动关系，此处需用过去分词作宾补。故选C。 10. The athletes, especially the winners, should remain modest ________ rapid progress they have made. A. whatever B. however C. how much D. no matter 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：那些运动员，尤其是获胜者，无论他们取得多么迅速的进步，都应该保持谦逊。此处修饰名词progress，表示“不管什么样的、无论什么”，故A项正确。 11. I have absolutely no ________ for people who get into debt because of overspending. A. soul B. sympathy C. comment D. fame 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我绝对不同情那些因为过度消费而负债的人。A. soul灵魂；心灵；B. sympathy同情；怜悯；C. comment评论；意见；D. fame名声；名誉。根据“people who get into debt because of overspending.”可知，不会同情那些因为过度消费而负债的人。故选B。 12. The new policy the importance of environmental protection and encourages public participation in environmental initiatives. A. detects B. captures C. accomplishes D. highlights 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：新政策强调了环境保护的重要性，并鼓励公众参与环保活动。A. detects检测；B. captures捕获；C. accomplishes完成；D. highlights强调，突出。根据The new policy可知，新政策强调了环境保护的重要性。故选D。 13. He is regarded as one of the most ________ film directors of his generation. A. essential B. influential C. initial D. racial 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：他被认为是他那一代最具影响力的电影导演之一。A. essential必要的；B. influential有影响力的；C. initial最初的；D. racial种族的。根据句意，这里需要一个形容词来描述电影导演在其一代中的地位或影响力。最符合语境的词是“influential”，表示“有影响力的”。故选B。 14. A bunch of our kids would frequently the bookstore after school. We’d look at the new books or just chat with Old Casey. A. get away B. drop in C. check out D. hold on 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们的一群孩子放学后经常去书店。我们会看新书，或者只是和老凯西聊聊天。A. get away逃脱；离开；B. drop in顺便访问；C. check out结帐后离开；D. hold on坚持。根据空格后的the bookstore after school可知，此处指的是放学后去书店。故选B项。 15. is obviously right is to give all children equal opportunities to develop their special gift. A. Which B. As C. That D. What 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：明显正确的做法就是给所有的孩子提供平等发展特殊才能的机会。连接词引导一个主语从句，并在主语从句中做句子的主语，故选D项。 第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16～35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 One of my friends Bob was a research and development director in a large company. One day, he arrived at our coaching session feeling ____16____. It turned out that Bob had spent hours preparing for an important meeting with colleagues across the globe. He ____17____ his talking points, and got the conference software ready to ____18____. However, things didn’t go smoothly as planned. At first, Bob ____19____ to be heard above those seemingly more distinguished colleagues. When he did get an opportunity to give his speech, he felt ____20____ and forgot his words. Afterwards, Bob was ____21____ by the incident. What’s worse, he couldn’t stop beating himself up. Bob is what I call a sensitive striver — a high achiever who is also highly sensitive. He demands ____22____ from himself at all times. But when he fails to ____23____ those impossibly high expectations, his sensitivity and thoughtfulness will cause him to get into ____24____. If you also share Bob’s reaction, then you are also too _____25_____ yourself. And you may have these _____26_____: making harsh personal judgments, over analyzing your short-comings and _____27_____ your minor faults Perhaps many people argue that self-criticism can keep us _____28_____. Sensitive strivers like Bob often use it as a kind of _____29_____, hoping that it’ll force them to perform better. But research shows that self-criticism is a poor strategy when it’s used _____30_____. It’ll _____31_____ affect you, for example, you’ll have less motivation, _____32_____ self-control, and greater procrastination (拖延). In fact, self-criticism _____33_____ the brain into a state of inhibition (拘谨), which prevents you from taking action to _____34_____ your goals. As a sensitive striver, your desire to be the best is your wealth. As long as you succeed in _____35_____ the pattern of pushing yourself too hard, you’ll definitely benefit from both your sensitivity and your ambition. 16. A. shocked B. delighted C. upset D. embarrassed 17. A. adopted B. drafted C. transformed D. strengthened 18. A. contribute B. distribute C. distract D. decorate 19. A. pretended B. promised C. refused D. struggled 20. A. nervous B. depressed C. satisfied D. happy 21. A. deceived B. controlled C. discouraged D. prevented 22. A. forgiveness B. excellence C. consideration D. expectation 23. A. get rid of B. give way to C. live up to D. go back to 24. A. self-improvement B. self-confidence C. self-discipline D. self-criticism 25. A. tough on B. confident of C. surprised by D. proud of 26. A. restrictions B. behaviors C. ambitions D. explanations 27. A. reflecting on B. going through C. giving away D. holding back 28. A. overcautious B. awkward C. conservative D. sharp 29. A. campaign B. challenge C. motivation D. flexibility 30. A. appropriately B. excessively C. efficiently D. wisely 31. A. temporarily B. negatively C. permanently D. regularly 32. A. worse B. better C. higher D. stronger 33. A. breaks B. divides C. shifts D. translates 34. A. conduct B. refresh C. set D. achieve 35. A. forming B. following C. breaking D. preserving 【答案】16. C 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. A 21. C 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者的朋友 Bob 作为一个敏感的奋斗者，在一次重要会议上表现不佳后陷入自我批判，进而引出关于自我批判的讨论，指出过度的自我批判会产生负面影响，敏感的奋斗者应避免过度逼迫自己。 【16题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一天，他来参加我们的辅导课程时，感觉很沮丧。A. shocked震惊的；B. delighted高兴的；C. upset沮丧的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据下文“However, things didn’t go smoothly as planned” 可知，Bob 为重要会议做了充分准备但结果不顺利，所以他应是感到沮丧的。故选C。 【17题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他起草了自己的谈话要点，并准备好会议软件以便发言。A. adopted采用；B. drafted起草；C. transformed转变；D. strengthened加强。根据上文“preparing for an important meeting” 可知，为会议做准备，应该是起草谈话要点。故选B。 18题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他起草了自己的谈话要点，并准备好会议软件以便发言。A. contribute贡献，发言；B. distribute分发；C. distract分散注意力；D. decorate装饰。根据上文“talking points”以及“got the conference software ready” 以及下文“When he did get an opportunity to give his speech”可知是为会议做准备，准备软件是为了能在会议上发言。故选A。 【19题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：起初，Bob 在那些似乎更杰出的同事面前努力让别人听到自己的声音。A. pretended假装；B. promised承诺；C. refused拒绝；D. struggled努力，挣扎。根据下文“above those seemingly more distinguished colleagues” 可知，Bob 在那些更杰出的同事面前，需要努力才能让自己被听到，即证明自己的能力。故选D。 【20题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他终于有机会发表演讲时，他感到紧张，忘记了台词。A. nervous紧张的；B. depressed沮丧的；C. satisfied满意的；D. happy高兴的。根据下文“forgot his words” 可知，他因为紧张所以忘记了台词。故选A。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：之后，Bob 因这件事而气馁。A. deceived欺骗；B. controlled控制；C. discouraged使气馁；D. prevented阻止。根据上文他在会议上表现不好，以及下文 “What’s worse, he couldn’t stop beating himself up.” 可知，他因这件事而感到气馁。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他一直要求自己做到优秀。A. forgiveness原谅；B. excellence优秀；C. consideration考虑；D. expectation期望。根据上文“a high achiever” 可知，他是一个高成就者，所以一直要求自己优秀。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：但当他未能达到那些高得离谱的期望时，他的敏感和深思熟虑会使他陷入自我批判。A. get rid of摆脱；B. give way to让位于；C. live up to达到；D. go back to回到。根据下文“those impossibly high expectations” 可知，是未能达到高期望。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他未能达到那些高得离谱的期望时，他的敏感和深思熟虑会使他陷入自我批判。A. self-improvement自我提升；B. self-confidence自信；C. self-discipline自律；D. self-criticism自我批判。根据下文“making harsh personal judgments, over-analyzing your short-comings” 可知，是陷入自我批判。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：如果你也有和 Bob 一样的反应，那么你对自己也太苛刻了。A. tough on对…… 苛刻；B. confident of对…… 有信心；C. surprised by对…… 感到惊讶；D. proud of为…… 感到骄傲。根据上文 Bob 对自己的表现不满意，不断自我批判，可知是对自己太苛刻。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可能会有这些行为：做出严厉的个人判断，过度分析自己的缺点，反思自己的小错误。A. restrictions限制；B. behaviors行为；C. ambitions抱负；D. explanations解释。根据下文“making harsh personal judgments, over-analyzing your short-comings” 可知，这都是行为表现。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：你可能会有这些行为：做出严厉的个人判断，过度分析自己的缺点，反思自己的小错误。A. reflecting on反思；B. going through经历；C. giving away赠送；D. holding back阻碍。根据上文“ making harsh personal judgments, over-analyzing your short-comings ” 可知，此处指对自己的问题进行反思。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也许很多人认为自我批评能让我们保持敏锐。A. overcautious过于谨慎的；B. awkward尴尬的；C. conservative保守的；D. sharp敏锐的。根据常识可知，自我批评能让人发现自己的问题，从而保持敏锐，不断进步。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：像 Bob 这样敏感的奋斗者经常把它当作一种动力，希望它能迫使他们表现得更好。A. campaign运动；B. challeng挑战；C. motivation动力；D. flexibility灵活性。根据下文“hoping that it’ll force them to perform better” 可知，此处是指一些奋斗者把自我批评当作动力。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但研究表明，当过度使用时，自我批评是一种糟糕的策略。A. appropriately适当地；B. excessively过度地；C. efficiently高效地；D. wisely明智地。根据下文“It’ll ____ affect you, for example, you’ll have less motivation”以及“pushing yourself too hard”可知，过度自我批评会有负面影响。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：它会对你产生负面影响，例如，你会有更少的动力，更差的自我控制，以及更严重的拖延。A. temporarily暂时地；B. negatively消极地，负面地；C. permanently永久地；D. regularly定期地。根据下文“you’ll have less motivation, worse self-control, and greater procrastination”可知，这些都产生负面影响。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查形容词比较级辨析。句意：它会对你产生负面影响，例如，你会有更少的动力，更差的自我控制，以及更严重的拖延。A. worse更差的；B. better更好的；C. higher更高的；D. stronger更强的。根据后文“less motivation, greater procrastination”推知，自我控制也会变差。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，自我批评会使大脑进入一种拘谨的状态，这会阻碍你采取行动来实现你的目标。A. breaks打破；B. divides划分；C. shifts转变；D. translates翻译。根据下文“the brain into a state of inhibition” 可知，是使大脑转换到一种拘谨的状态。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，自我批评会使大脑进入一种拘谨的状态，这会阻碍你采取行动来实现你的目标。A. conduct实施；B. refresh使恢复；C. set设置；D. achieve实现。根据 下文“your goals” 可知，自我批评阻碍了实现目标的行动。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：只要你成功打破过度逼迫自己的模式，你肯定会从你的敏感和抱负中受益。A. forming形成；B. following跟随；C. breaking打破；D. preserving保存。根据下文 “you’ll definitely benefit from both your sensitivity and your ambition” 可知，要打破过度逼迫自己的模式才能受益。故选C。 第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A I do think that a book can inspire ideas and ways of thinking that have the power to transform our lives. Here are some books to serve the purpose. Thinking, Fast and slow Daniel Kahneman is a Nobel Prize winner who has written an amazing book that dives into the mysterious world of our conscious and unconscious thinking patterns. By reading this book, you’ll gain a deeper understanding about how to make decisions and react to certain things in your life. Yes, this is a super thick book that seems challenging, but somehow the author makes it accessible and really fun to read. The Power of Habit Written by award-winning New York Times business reporter Charles Duhigg, this book is an awesome mix of research, stories, and revelations(启示) about habits: how we form them, how we can change them, and how knowledge about human habits is transforming everything. The Road Less Traveled The first words in this classic and powerful book are: Life is difficult. Without hiding the true realities of life which is filled with conflicts, difficulties, and challenging decisions, M. Scott Peck guides us to a deeper level of self-understanding and creates a path we can follow to a fuller, more peaceful life. The Power of Now The key message of the book is simple and powerful: The way to true happiness is through learning to live in the now, without reliving the past or racing to the future. Eckhart Tolle helps us understand how our thoughts and emotions get in the way and what to do about it. 36. What do we learn about Thinking, Fast and Slow? A. It’s too abstract to understand. B. It helps readers to make decisions. C. It divides our thinking patterns into different types. D. It enables readers to understand themselves better. 37. Whose book is helpful for a person who wants to quit smoking? A. Daniel Kahneman’s B. Charles Duhigg’s C. M. Scott Peck’s D. Eckhart Tolle’s 38. What is The Road Less Traveled mainly about? A. The challenges of life. B. A path to a better life. C. The author’s understanding of humans. D. The best way to settle conflicts. 39. Which book tells us the way to achieve true happiness? A. Thinking, Fast and Slow B. The Power of Habit C. The Power of Now D. The Road Less Traveled 40. What do these books above have in common? A. They are classic and refreshing. B. They are adventurous and challenging. C. They are accessible and full of fun. D. They are inspiring and helpful. 【答案】36. D 37. B 38. B 39. C 40. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了几本能够激发思想和思维方式并有力量转变我们生活的书籍。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据Thinking, Fast and slow中的“Daniel Kahneman is a Nobel Prize winner who has written an amazing book that dives into the mysterious world of our conscious and unconscious thinking patterns.(Daniel Kahneman是诺贝尔奖获得者，他写了一本了不起的书，深入探讨了我们有意识和无意识思维模式的神秘世界。)”可知，读这本书能够探讨我们有意识和无意识思维模式的神秘世界，由此可知，这本书能够让我们更了解自己。故选D项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据The Power of Habit部分中的“Written by award-winning New York Times business reporter Charles Duhigg, this book is an awesome mix of research, stories, and revelations(启示) about habits: how we form them, how we can change them, and how knowledge about human habits is transforming everything. (这本书由屡获殊荣的《纽约时报》商业记者Charles Duhigg撰写，是关于习惯的研究、故事和启示的精彩组合：我们如何形成它们，我们如何改变它们，以及关于人类习惯的知识如何改变一切。)”可知，本书介绍的是我们的一些习惯是如何形成的，以及如何改变一些习惯，因此，阅读此书，可以帮助到想要戒掉“吸烟”这种习惯的人。故选B项。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据The Road Less Traveled部分中的“M. Scott Peck guides us to a deeper level of self-understanding and creates a path we can follow to a fuller, more peaceful life. (M. Scott Peck引导我们进入更深层次的自我理解，并创造一条我们可以遵循的道路，过上更充实，更和平的生活。)”可知，阅读M. Scott Peck的书籍，可以引导我们将来过上充实而又平静的生活，所以，此书只要是介绍的是引导我们过得更好的路径。故选B项。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据The Power of Now部分中的“The key message of the book is simple and powerful: The way to true happiness is through learning to live in the now, without reliving the past or racing to the future. (这本书的关键信息简单而有力：通往真正幸福的道路是学会活在当下，而不是重温过去或奔向未来。)”可知，讲述实现真正幸福之路的书籍是The Power of Now。故选C项。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据首段“I do think that a book can inspire ideas and ways of thinking that have the power to transform our lives. Here are some books to serve the purpose. (我确实认为一本书可以激发思想和思维方式，从而改变我们的生活。这里有一些书可以达到这个目的。)”可知，该部分是本文的主题段落，介绍的是对我们的生活有激励思想和思维方式并有力量转变我们生活的几本书籍，所以这四本书的共同点就是对我们的生活启发和帮助。故选D项。 B Suzanne Heywood was just seven years old when her parents told her she, along with her younger brother Jonathan, would be pulled out of school to go on a three-year voyage around the world. The family of four from the UK set out on their exploration to recreate Captain Cook’s voyage around the globe, which ended up taking a decade instead of the promised three years. Now 55 years old, Suzanne has shared her tale of survival on TikTok, and recalled her 10 years at sea in her tell-all memoir Wave Walker. “I spent that time trapped on a boat, unable to go to school or have normal friendships.” Despite her father assuring her the trip would be safe, Suzanne claimed it was “incredibly dangerous but great as well”, sharing details of a risky journey from South Africa to Australia where the boat hit an enormous storm. In order to get through her very strange childhood, Suzanne recalled how she was determined to get an education to live a normal life. “As it became clear my parents had no intention of going back, I decided I had to educate myself as it was the only lifeline that I had,” she told the hosts of The Morning Show. She began studying in the small cabin of the boat, which she found challenging both practically and academically, as she “had missed a lot of education”. Then, when she was 16, and her brother 15, her parents enrolled the two teenagers into a school in New Zealand while they continued sailing. Despite the gaps in her education, Suzanne landed a spot at Oxford University, and after saving up money she had earned working on a farm, Suzanne bought a one-way plane ticket back to the UK Since going public with her story, Suzanne’s book instantly became a bestseller, and she continues to work through the trauma (创伤) caused by her “unstable” childhood. Suzanne’s extraordinary tale has captured the hearts of millions, with thousands of online fans applauding her for her bravery. 41. Why did Suzanne’s family set out their voyage? A. To meet the challenges of their life. B. To realize the dream of family traveling. C. To admire the beauty of great oceans. D. To follow in the footsteps of a great explorer. 42. What does the underlined word “memoir” mean in English? A. Personal experiences. B. Scientific research. C. Extraordinary tales. D. Offshore exploration. 43. What did education mean to Suzanne during the voyage? A. An approach to pleasing her parents. B. A tool for killing time on the vast sea. C. A means of struggling for a better future. D. A support of her admission into Oxford University. 44. What message does Suzanne’s experience convey? A. A strong will can free a person from family support. B. A lack of education can affect a person’s intelligence. C. A unique life can equip a person with special qualities. D. A crazy upbringing always leads to greater achievements. 45. What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text? A. To analyze the impact of family decisions and give warnings. B. To record Suzanne’s remarkable life journey and inspire others. C. To evaluate Suzanne’s educational achievements and praise her. D. To promote Suzanne’s memoir Wave Walker and excite readers. 【答案】41. D 42. A 43. C 44. C 45. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Suzanne七岁时随家人进行本以为三年实际长达十年的环球航行，在航行中她努力自我教育，后来进入牛津大学，她将自己的经历写成回忆录并分享出来，其非凡故事吸引了很多人的关注。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The family of four from the UK set out on their exploration to recreate Captain Cook’s voyage around the globe, which ended up taking a decade instead of the promised three years. (来自英国的一家四口踏上了他们的探索之旅，想要重现库克船长的环球航行，结果这次航行最终花了十年时间，而不是当初承诺的三年)” 可知，Suzanne一家开始航行是为了重现库克船长的环球航行，也就是追随这位伟大探险家的脚步。故选D。 【42题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“Now 55 years old, Suzanne has shared her tale of survival on TikTok, and recalled her 10 years at sea in her tell-all memoir Wave Walker. “I spent that time trapped on a boat, unable to go to school or have normal friendships.(现在55岁的Suzanne在TikTok上分享了她的生存故事，并在她的详尽讲述的memoir《Wave Walker》中回忆了她在海上的10年时光。“我那段时间被困在船上，无法上学，也无法拥有正常的友谊。”)” 可知，《Wave Walker》回忆了她在海上的10年时光，所以“memoir”指的是她个人的经历。故选A。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“As it became clear my parents had no intention of going back, I decided I had to educate myself as it was the only lifeline that I had (当很明显我的父母没有回去的打算时，我决定我必须自学，因为这是我唯一的生命线)” 以及她想要过上正常生活的想法可推知，教育对Suzanne来说是为更好未来而奋斗的一种手段。故选C。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Suzanne’s extraordinary tale has captured the hearts of millions, with thousands of online fans applauding her for her bravery.(Suzanne非凡的故事俘获了数百万人的心，成千上万的网友称赞她的勇敢)”以及前文提到她在独特的海上生活经历中努力自学并取得成就可推知，独特的生活经历可以赋予一个人特殊的品质，使她能够克服困难并取得成就。故选C。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。文章主要讲述了Suzanne从七岁开始随家人航海，在航行中自学，进入牛津大学，分享自己的故事并获得成功等经历。作者写这篇文章的目的是记录她非凡的人生旅程并激励他人。故选B。 C Quantum computing (量子计算) represents a revolutionary leap in the field of information technology. Unlike classical computers, which use bits as the smallest unit of data, quantum computers use quantum bits, or qubits. These qubits can exist in multiple states simultaneously, thanks to the principles of superposition and entanglement (叠加和纠缠原理). This allows quantum computers to process complex calculations at high speed, potentially solving problems that are currently difficult for classical computers. One of the most promising applications of quantum computing is in the field of cryptography (密码学). Current encryption (加密) methods rely on the difficulty of factoring large numbers, a task that classical computers struggle with due to the time it takes. Quantum computers, however, could factor these numbers exponentially (指数级地) faster, causing many existing encryption methods outdated. This has led to a race to develop quantum-resistant encryption algorithms to secure data in the future. Another area where quantum computing could have a significant impact is in drug discovery and material science. The ability to simulate molecular interactions at the quantum level could accelerate the development of new drugs and materials. For instance, quantum computers could model the behavior of complex molecules, allowing researchers to identify potential drug candidates more efficiently. This could lead to breakthroughs in treating diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer’s. Despite its potential, quantum computing is still in its initial stage. Building and maintaining a quantum computer is an enormous technical challenge. Qubits are highly sensitive to their environment, and even the slightest interference can cause errors in calculations. This phenomenon, known as decoherence, is one of the biggest obstacles in developing practical quantum computers. Researchers are exploring various approaches to reduce decoherence, such as using error-correcting codes and developing more stable qubit technologies. Moreover, the ethical implications of quantum computing cannot be overlooked. The power to break current encryption methods could have far-reaching consequences for privacy and security. Governments and organizations must consider the potential risks and establish regulations to ensure that quantum computing is used responsibly. As the technology advances, it will be crucial to balance innovation with ethical considerations to exploit its full potential for the benefit of society. 46. What is the main topic of the passage? A. The history of quantum computing. B. The principles and potential applications of quantum computing. C. The challenges of classical computing. D. The ethical implications of information technology. 47 What is a key difference between classical computers and quantum computers? A. Classical computers use smaller unit of data than quantum computers. B. Classical computers are more stable than quantum computers. C. Quantum computers are sensitive to environmental interference. D. Quantum computers can process data faster due to different principles. 48. What is one potential application of quantum computing mentioned in the passage? A. Improving internet speed. B. Developing quantum-resistant encryption algorithms. C. Enhancing social media platforms. D. Creating virtual reality environments. 49. What is decoherence in the context of quantum computing? A. The ability of qubits to exist in multiple states simultaneously. B. The process of developing stable qubit technologies. C. The sensitivity of qubits to environmental interference causing errors. D. The method of using error-correcting codes in classical computers. 50. What does the passage suggest about the future of quantum computing? A. It requires balancing innovation with ethical considerations. B. Its ethical implications will be well understood and managed. C. Governments and organizations will ensure it has no potential risks. D. It will primarily be used for encryption purposes. 【答案】46. B 47. D 48. B 49. C 50. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕量子计算展开，阐述了量子计算的基本原理、应用前景、当前面临的技术挑战以及伦理考量。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Quantum computing (量子计算) represents a revolutionary leap in the field of information technology. Unlike classical computers, which use bits as the smallest unit of data, quantum computers use quantum bits, or qubits. These qubits can exist in multiple states simultaneously, thanks to the principles of superposition and entanglement (叠加和纠缠原理). This allows quantum computers to process complex calculations at high speed, potentially solving problems that are currently difficult for classical computers.(量子计算代表了信息技术领域的一次革命性飞跃。与使用比特作为最小数据单位的经典计算机不同，量子计算机使用quantum bits或qubits。由于叠加和纠缠的原理，这些量子位可以同时以多种状态存在。这使得量子计算机能够高速处理复杂的计算，有可能解决目前经典计算机难以解决的问题)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了量子计算的原理和潜在应用。故选B项。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“These qubits can exist in multiple states simultaneously, thanks to the principles of superposition and entanglement (叠加和纠缠原理). This allows quantum computers to process complex calculations at high speed, potentially solving problems that are currently difficult for classical computers.(由于叠加和纠缠的原理，这些量子位可以同时以多种状态存在。这使得量子计算机能够高速处理复杂的计算，有可能解决目前经典计算机难以解决的问题)”可知，经典计算机和量子计算机之间的关键区别是由于原理不同，量子计算机可以更快地处理数据。故选D项。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“One of the most promising applications of quantum computing is in the field of cryptography (密码学). Current encryption (加密) methods rely on the difficulty of factoring large numbers, a task that classical computers struggle with due to the time it takes. Quantum computers, however, could factor these numbers exponentially (指数级地) faster, causing many existing encryption methods outdated. This has led to a race to develop quantum-resistant encryption algorithms to secure data in the future.(量子计算最有前途的应用之一是在密码学领域。当前的加密方法依赖于分解大数的难度，这是传统计算机由于耗时而难以完成的任务。然而，量子计算机可以更快地将这些数字以指数方式分解，从而导致许多现有的加密方法过时。这导致了一场开发抗量子加密算法的竞赛，以确保未来的数据安全)”可知，文章中提到的量子计算的一个潜在应用是开发抗量子加密算法。故选B项。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Qubits are highly sensitive to their environment, and even the slightest interference can cause errors in calculations. This phenomenon, known as decoherence, is one of the biggest obstacles in developing practical quantum computers.(量子位对环境非常敏感，即使是最轻微的干扰也会导致计算错误。这种现象被称为退相干，是开发实用量子计算机的最大障碍之一)”可知，量子位对环境非常敏感，即使是最轻微的干扰也会导致计算错误，这种现象被称为退相干。故选C项。 【50题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Moreover, the ethical implications of quantum computing cannot be overlooked. The power to break current encryption methods could have far-reaching consequences for privacy and security. Governments and organizations must consider the potential risks and establish regulations to ensure that quantum computing is used responsibly. As the technology advances, it will be crucial to balance innovation with ethical considerations to exploit its full potential for the benefit of society.(此外，量子计算的伦理影响也不容忽视。破解当前加密方法的能力可能会对隐私和安全产生深远的影响。政府和组织必须考虑潜在的风险，并制定法规，以确保负责任地使用量子计算。随着技术的进步，平衡创新与道德考虑，充分利用其潜力，造福社会将是至关重要的)”可推知，本段暗示量子计算的未来需要在创新和道德考量之间取得平衡。故选A项。 D Boredom has become quite interesting to academics lately. In early May, London’s Boring Conference celebrated seven years of delighting in dullness. At this event, people flocked to talks about weather, traffic jams and vending-machine sounds, among other sleep-inducing topics. What, exactly, is everybody studying? One widely accepted psychological definition of boredom is “the distasteful experience of wanting, but being unable, to engage in satisfying activity.” But how can you quantify a person’s boredom level and compare it with someone else’s? In 1986, psychologists introduced the Boredom Proneness Scale (倾向量表), designed to measure an individual’s overall tendency to feel bored. By contrast, the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale, developed in 2008, measures a person’s feelings of boredom in a given situation. Boredom has been linked to behavior issues including inattentive driving, mindless snacking, excessive drinking, and addictive gambling. In fact, many of us would choose pain over boredom. One team of psychologists discovered that two-thirds of men and a quarter of women would rather self-administer electric shocks than sit alone with their thoughts for 15 minutes. Researching this phenomenon, another team asked volunteers to watch boring, sad, or neutral films, during which they could self-administer electric shocks. The bored volunteers shocked themselves more and harder than the sad or neutral ones did. But boredom isn’t all bad. By encouraging self-reflection and daydreaming, it can prompt creativity. An early study gave participants abundant time to complete problem-solving and word-association exercises. Once all the obvious answers were exhausted, participants gave more and more inventive answers to fight boredom. A British study took these findings one step further, asking subjects to complete a creative challenge (coming up with a list of alternative uses for a household item). One group of subjects did a boring activity first, while the others went straight to the creative task. Those whose boredom pumps had been activated were more productive. In our always-connected world, boredom may be a hard-to-define state, but it is a fruitful one. Watch paint dry or water boil, or at least put away your smartphone for a while, and you might unlock your next big idea. 51. When are people likely to experience boredom, according to an accepted psychological definition? A. When they don’t have the chance to do what they want. B. When they don’t enjoy the materials they are studying. C. When they experience something unpleasant. D. When they engage in some routine activities. 52. What does the author say boredom can lead to? A. Determination. B. Mental illness. C. Concentration. D. Harmful conduct. 53. What is the finding of one team of psychologists in their experiment? A. Volunteers prefer watching a boring movie to sitting alone at home. B. Many volunteers choose to hurt themselves rather than endure boredom. C. Male volunteers care less about the effects of boredom than females. D. Many volunteers are unable to resist boredom longer than fifteen minutes. 54. Why does the author say boredom isn’t all bad? A. It stimulates memorization. B. It may promote creative thinking. C. It allows time for relaxation. D. It may facilitate independent learning. 55. What does the author suggest one do when faced with a challenging problem? A. Stop idling and think big. B. Look around oneself for stimulation. C. Unlock one’s smartphone. D. Allow oneself some time to be bored. 【答案】51. A 52. D 53. B 54. B 55. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是“无聊”、无聊产生的原因和无聊的意义等。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中提到的“无聊”的定义“One widely accepted psychological definition of boredom is “the distasteful experience of wanting, but being unable, to engage in satisfying activity.”(一个被广泛接受的心理学对无聊的定义是“想要却无法从事令人满意的活动的不愉快经历。”)”可知，当人们不能做自己想做的事的时候，他们可能会经历无聊。故选A项。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Boredom has been linked to behavior issues including inattentive driving, mindless snacking, excessive drinking, and addictive gambling. In fact, many of us would choose pain over boredom.(无聊与行为问题有关，包括注意力不集中的驾驶、盲目的吃零食、过度饮酒和上瘾的赌博)”可知，无聊可能会导致有害的行为。故选D项。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“One team of psychologists discovered that two-thirds of men and a quarter of women would rather self-administer electric shocks than sit alone with their thoughts for 15 minutes. Researching this phenomenon, another team asked volunteers to watch boring, sad, or neutral films, during which they could self-administer electric shocks. The bored volunteers shocked themselves more and harder than the sad or neutral ones did.(一组心理学家发现，三分之二的男性和四分之一的女性宁愿被电击，也不愿独自坐着思考15分钟。为了研究这一现象，另一个团队要求志愿者观看无聊、悲伤或中性的电影，在观看期间他们可能会受到电击。无聊的志愿者比悲伤的或中立的志愿者对自己电击的次数更多、力度更大)”可知，一组心理学家在他们的实验中发现：许多志愿者选择伤害自己，也不忍受无聊。故选B项。 【54题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“But boredom isn’t all bad. By encouraging self-reflection and daydreaming, it can prompt creativity.(但无聊也不全是坏事。通过鼓励自我反省和做白日梦，它可以激发创造力)”可知，无聊可以促进创造性思维，所以不全是坏事。故选B项。 【55题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In our always-connected world, boredom may be a hard-to-define state, but it is a fruitful one. Watch paint dry or water boil, or at least put away your smartphone for a while, and you might unlock your next big idea.(在我们这个永远互联的世界里，无聊可能是一种难以定义的状态，但却是一种丰富的状态。看着油漆变干或水沸腾，或者至少把你的智能手机放一边，你可能会解锁你的下一个大创意)”可推知，当面对一个具有挑战性的问题时，作者建议我们留点时间无聊一下。故选D项。 第Ⅱ卷 （非选择题 共35分） 第二部分：写作（共两节，满分35分） 第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。 Which of these ingredients have you cooked with or eaten, wild rice, rabbits or roses? Actually, they were part of Native American cuisine in the past. Sean Sherman is a chef from the Oglala Lakota tribe, who is attempting something remarkable. Through his company and his restaurant, Sherman is bringing these ingredients back into the public eye. Sean Sherman grew up on the Pine Ridge Reservation. As a reservation kid, Sherman usually didn’t have access to high-quality or tasty food. His family relied on the Commodity Supplemental Food Program, which meant canned goods, tasteless food, and powdered milk. After high school, Sherman started working for the Forest Service. As part of his job, he had to learn the names of the plants, which raised his curiosity about indigenous plants and foods. Sherman started doing lots of research on his own, and he started his company in 2014. A few years later, Sherman opened his restaurant Owamni, where he showed native ingredients and flavors. The most significant feature of the restaurant is the native ingredients, none of which is related to European civilizations. The vibe in the restaurant is totally unique as well. There, a lot of people are really struck by it, because it’s not typical to be able to go someplace and see their native foods on the menu, see native people cooking the food and listen to native music. Therefore, it’s a completely unique experience and it’s something that’s really special. Native cuisine allows native people to explore their histories and cultures. It supports local businesses and comes with a host of health benefits. “We should have native restaurants in every city to show the diversity and flavors of all the different tribes across North America and thus have a future where native cuisine is more widespread, and ingredients are more familiar and well known,” Sherman explains. 56. When did Sean Sherman become interested in native foods? (no more than 8 words) __________________________________________________________________________________ 57. What is the most important feature of Sherman’s restaurant? (no more than 6 words) __________________________________________________________________________________ 58. What does the underlined word “vibe” in Paragraph 4 mean? (1 word) __________________________________________________________________________________ 59. Why does Sherman suggest each city should have native restaurants? (no more than 8 words) __________________________________________________________________________________ 60. What can you learn from the story? Put it in your own words. (no more than 25 words) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】56. When he was working for the Forest Service. 57. The ingredients used are native. 58. Atmosphere. 59. To present and promote the native cuisine. 60. Sherman is a chef who has innovative spirit and a sense of social responsibility to make more people know about the native cuisine. (该题答案不唯一) 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Sean Sherman开办本土特色餐厅的故事。 【56题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段中“After high school, Sherman started working for the Forest Service. As part of his job, he had to learn the names of the plants, which raised his curiosity about indigenous plants and foods.(高中毕业后，Sherman开始为林务局工作。作为工作的一部分，他必须学习植物的名称，这引起了他对本地植物和食物的好奇心)”可知，Sean Sherman是在林务局工作时开始对本土食物感兴趣。故回答：When he was working for the Forest Service. 【57题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段中“The most significant feature of the restaurant is the native ingredients, none of which is related to European civilizations.(餐厅最显著的特点是本地食材，没有一种与欧洲文明有关)”可知，Sherman的餐厅最重要的特色是使用本地食材。故回答：The ingredients used are native. 【58题详解】 考查词句猜测。根据划线词下文“There, a lot of people are really struck by it, because it’s not typical to be able to go someplace and see their native foods on the menu, see native people cooking the food and listen to native music.(在那里，很多人都被它打动了，因为去一个地方，在菜单上看到当地的食物，看到当地人做饭，听当地的音乐，这是不常见的)”可知，此处说的是餐厅的氛围。划线词vibe意为“氛围”，和atmosphere意思相近。故回答：Atmosphere. 【59题详解】 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中“We should have native restaurants in every city to show the diversity and flavors of all the different tribes across North America and thus have a future where native cuisine is more widespread, and ingredients are more familiar and well known(我们应该在每个城市都有本土餐厅，以展示北美所有不同部落的多样性和口味，从而有一个本土美食更广泛传播的未来，食材也更熟悉、更广为人知)”可推知，Sherman建议每个城市都应该有本土餐厅，以展示和推广本地美食。故回答：To present and promote the native cuisine. 【60题详解】 开放性问题。本文主要讲述了Sean Sherman开办本土特色餐厅，来展示和推广本地美食，所以我认为Sherman是一位具有创新精神和社会责任感的厨师，他想让更多的人了解本土美食。故回答：Sherman is a chef who has innovative spirit and a sense of social responsibility to make more people know about the native cuisine. 第二节：书面表达（满分25分） 61. 假设你是晨光中学校报英语专栏的小记者。4月20日校学生会组织了“走进木工坊”劳动实践活动，请你为英语专栏写一篇报道。要点如下： 1. 活动目的、意义； 2. 活动内容（参观木工坊，进行亲身体验等）； 3. 活动感受。 注意： 1. 词数不少于100； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：木工坊 carpentry workshop ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: The student union organized a labour practice activity on April 20, aiming to broaden our horizons and bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical experience. This activity not only enhanced our practical skills but also fostered a deeper understanding of society. The unforgettable experience was a labor-themed activity where we visited a local carpentry workshop. Upon arrival, we were warmly welcomed by the skilled carpenters who showed us around the workshop. We observed various woodworking tools and watched as they transformed raw wood into beautiful pieces of furniture. The highlight of the day was when we got to try our hand at basic woodworking tasks under the guidance of the experienced craftsmen. It was challenging yet rewarding to create something with our own hands. This activity taught me the value of hard work and gave me a newfound respect for laborers. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为英语专栏写一篇报道，报道4月20日校学生会组织的“走进木工坊”劳动实践活动。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 活动：activity →event 提高：enhance →raise 难忘的：unforgettable→memorable 展示：show →display 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The student union organized a labour practice activity on April 20, aiming to broaden our horizons and bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical experience. 拓展句：The student union organized a labour practice activity on April 20, which aimed to broaden our horizons and bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical experience. 【点睛】[高分句型1]This activity not only enhanced our practical skills but also fostered a deeper understanding of society.(运用了“not only...but also...”连接两个并列结构) [高分句型2]The unforgettable experience was a labor-themed activity where we visited a local carpentry workshop.(运用了where引导的定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $