阅读理解（说明文）--人教版八年级下册期末专项

1 / 23 阅读理解(说明文) Passage 1 Scientists say there are seven kinds of food that people should eat every day. They are: (1) green and yellow vegetables of all kind; (2) citrus (柑橘类) fruits and tomatoes; (3) potatoes and other fruits and vegetables; (4) meat of all kinds, fish and eggs; (5) milk and foods made of milk, like cheese and ice-cream; (6) bread or cereal (谷类), rice is also in this kind of foods; (7) butter, or something like butter, with fat (脂肪). People in different countries in the world eat different kinds of things. They also eat in different kinds the day. In some place people eat once or twice a day; in other countries, people eat three or four times a day. Scientists say that these differences are not important. It doesn't matter if a person eats dinner at 4 o'clock in the afternoon or at eleven o'clock at night. The important thing is that every day a person must eat something from each of the seven kind of food. The most important thing is that we must find some way to help the hungry people and make the people have right kinds of food , make them strong and healthy. 1. It is important that people should ________. A．eat three times a day B．eat cooked food C．eat dinner at 4 o'clock D．eat something from each of the seven kinds of food every day 2. Which sentence is right? A．People should eat ice-cream every day. B．Oranges belong to second kind of food. C．We should eat chicken every day. 模块一 经典基础题 Passage 1—Passage 5 模块二 中等难度题 Passage 6—Passage 10 模块三 拓展拔高题 Passage 11—Passage 15 模块一 经典基础题 内容概览 2 / 23 D．We should never eat fat. 3. In different countries people ________. A．eat the same kinds of food B．cook their food in the same way C．eat different kinds of food D．eat the food in the same way 4. The most important thing is ________. A．many people in the world are hungry B．we must eat the seven kinds of food C．many people are too heavy D．people eat too much food 5. What is the meaning of "strong" in the last paragraph (最后一段)? A．肥胖的 B．漂亮的 C．聪明的 D．强壮的 Passage 2 Mystery of the stones Much older than the Great Wall, Stonehenge is one of the world's most fascinating, but least understood historical sites. Every year, thousands of tourists come to admire Stonehenge's beauty and to wonder about how and why it was built. Scientists have dated the site, which is located in England, to around 3000 BC. The stone circle was constructed in a number of stages over hundreds of years. It took millions of man-hours to move and raise the heavy stones. Though there are many theories, it is still a mystery why stone-age man dragged such heavy stones over 380 kilometers from where they were made. Prehistoric people had only basic wooden tools. To move the stones they probably used tree trunks to roll them along. Some historians believe that Stonehenge was a temple, the site of ancient sacrifices and rituals. Others believe it was a burial place or perhaps even a giant sundial to tell the time. Whatever their 3 / 23 ancient use was, the stones have always been a source of fascination for British people. One record from 1135 said the great stones were carried to England by giant magical creatures! In modern times Stonehenge has become a huge hit with tourists. 1. People know________. A．how Stonehenge was built B．why Stonehenge was built C．who built Stonehenge D．where Stonehenge was built 2. Stonehenge is located in________. A．America B．England C．Canada D．China 3. The stones of Stonehenge are________ kilometers away from their origin. A．380 B．800 C．1135 D．3000 4. Prehistoric people used________. A．robots B．iron tools C．wooden tools D．steam engines 5. Some historians think that Stonehenge was a________. A．temple B．sundial C．tomb D．garden Passage 3 Mark Twain: father of American literature 4 / 23 On the night of Nov 30, 1835, a boy named Samuel Clemens was born in Florida, US. Many years later, the world would know this boy as Mark Twain. Mark Twain is one of the greatest US writers of all time. Some people even call him the father of American literature. Like many US writers of his day, Twain had little school education. As a teenager, he worked as a printer. Later, he worked as a riverboat pilot, miner and freelancer for newspapers. These experiences gave him wonderful writing material. Mark Twain is considered the greatest humorist of his age. His jokes go to the roots of human nature. In 1873, Twain released a book called The Gilded Age. The book made fun of the very wealthy people of the time. Besides humor, Twain developed a unique writing style that was very American. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885 in the US) describes the adventures of a boy, Huck Finn, and a black slave, Jim. Twain used dialects in the novel, making the character's speech sound like real Americans: using local dialects, newly invented words, and regional accents. Twain's writing style has influenced many writers. "All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn," Ernest Hemingway wrote in 1935. In 1910, Twain died of heart disease. But his brilliance keeps on shining to this day. 1. Mark Twain was born in________. A．1830 B．1873 C．the UK D．D．the US 2. Mark Twain's________ gave him wonderful writing material. A．educational experiences B．working experiences C．family D．teachers 3. Mark Twain released the book The Gilded Age in________. A．1835 B．1873 C．1885 5 / 23 D．1935 4. Mark Twain used dialects in his novel to________. A．extensive English B．enable readers to understand C．make the character's speech sound like real Americans D．make the character's speech sound like real British 5. Mark Twain died of________. A．heart disease B．an accident C．lung disease D．the virus Passage 4 The Big Stone River is one of the most amazing stone rivers in the world. The Big Stone River is the most interesting sight (景象) of Taganai Park in Russia. Different from other rivers, it is filled with rocks and stones. Not a drop of water can be seen. Interestingly, as one comes near to the rocky river, the sound of running water can be hear rocks fell down from the mountains slowly and made the river of rocks. The Big Stone River is about 6 km long and is made up of many small rocky rivers. It cuts through a thick forest like a real river. It is about 200 meters wide and in some places, it is up to 700 meters wide. Some of the rocks weigh up to 10 tons each and the layer (层) of rocks goes down 6 meters deep. Scientists believe it is the consequence of the movement of glaciers (冰川) about 10,000 years ago. At that time, ice covered the top of the mountains. As time went by, the ice turned into water. The Seeing the amazing river is a great experience. The best way to experience this natural wonder is from above. Come and visit it when you come to Russia. 1. Why is the Big Stone River special? A．Because it is in Taganai Park. B．Because it is full of fish. C．Because it is impossible to see water there. D．Because the sound of running water is loud. 6 / 23 2. How wide is the widest part of the Big Stone River? A．6 meters. B．200 meters. C．700 meters. D．6,000 meters. 3. What does the underlined word "consequence" mean in Paragraph 4? A．Reason. B．Result. C．End. D．Beginning. 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The Big Stone River is the only stone river in the world. B．The Big Stone River is a real river through a thick forest. C．The Big Stone River is made up of some big rocky rivers. D．Enjoying the Big Stone River from a higher place is the best way. 5. What would be the best title for the passage? A．The Big Stone River B．AVery Amazing Stone C．An Unforgettable Experience D．ARunning River Passage 5 Do teenagers in small villages do chores at home? How about the teenagers in big cities? Here is a survey. We asked 4,000 teenagers in China several questions. Half of them come from big cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. The others are from small villages. We made a diagram (图表) of the result of our survey. Let's have a look at it. We found out that teenagers from small villages do more chores than those from big cities. Maybe it is because they live a harder life. Our advice to parents in big cities is that parents should give their children some chores to do. Doing chores teaches teenagers to take care of themselves. Chores 2,000 teenagers in small villages 2,000 teenagers in big cities take out the rubbish 1,600 1,000 7 / 23 sweep the floor 1,200 850 make the bed 1,400 750 do the dishes 1,100 600 fold the clothes 900 1,500 1. Why do the teenagers from small villages do more chores than those from big cities? A．Maybe it is because the teenagers from villages live a harder life. B．Maybe it is because the teenagers from villages like doing chores. C．Maybe it is because the parents of the teenagers from big cities don't need them to do it. D．Maybe it is because the parents of the teenagers from villages always ask their kids to do it. 2. How many teenagers from small villages did they ask in the survey? A．1,000. B．2,000. C．3,000. D．4,000. 3. Which kind of chores do most teenagers in small villages do? A．Making the bed. B．Sweeping the floor. C．Doing the dishes. D．Taking out the rubbish. 4. How many teenagers in big cities sweep the floor? A．600. B．750. C．850. D．1,000. 5. Why did they make the survey? A．Because they don't want teenagers in China to do chores at home. B．Because they wanted to know if teenagers in China do chores at home. C．Because they thought it's not necessary for teenagers to look after themselves. D．Because they thought it would help teenagers to do chores at home to take good care of themselves. 模块二 中等难度题 8 / 23 Passage 6 China's Hainan Island Hainan Island is a wonderful place with comfortable sunshine, sand and sea. It is in the South of China. It's famous for its underwater beauty. Tianyahaijiao is also very famous. It attracts (吸引) lots of tourists around the world every year. Thailand Thailand is in the heart of Southeast Asia. Its capital Bangkok has some of Thailand's greatest buildings, like the Grand Palace (大皇宫). Chiang Mai (清迈) is a big city in Thailand. There are many historic temples (庙) there, for example, the Wat Phra Singh temple. The temple has a history of over 600 years. Australia This country is a land of beauty and diversity (多样性). It is famous for Sydney Opera House and Ayers Rock. Ayers Rock is 348 meters high. What's more, children can also see many animals there like koalas, kangaroos and sheep. South Korea's Jeju Island (韩国济州岛) As a volcanic (火山的) island, Jeju once was chosen as one of the New Seven Wonders of Nature. Not only that, Jeju attracts children with its Teddy Bear Museum. The museum shows historical events through teddy bears. 1. The information above can't be from _________. A．a magazine B．a storybook C．a newspaper D．a tour guidebook 2. Hainan Island is _________. A．in the Indian Ocean B．in Europe C．in the South of China D．in Africa 3. If you like historic temples, you can go to _________. 9 / 23 A．China's Hainan Island B．Thailand C．Australia D．South Korea's Jeju Island 4. Jeju Island's _________ is popular with children. A．Teddy Bear Museum B．Toy Car Museum C．Museum of Heroes D．Museum of Pictures 5. Australia is known for _________. A．the Grand Palace and the Wat PhraSingh temple B．Sydney Opera House and Ayers Rock C．Tianyahaijiao and the underwater beauty D．Teddy Bear Museum and a volcanic island Passage 7 This famous poem (诗), Happy Rain on a Spring Night, was written by Du Fu (712—770, the Tang Dynasty) when he was living and farming in Chengdu. His farming experience taught him to be thankful (感谢) to nature and it is shown in this poem. The very first word, "good", shows the poet's joy and love for the spring rain. The rain is good because it "knows" the proper time to come. Here the poet uses personification (拟人), as if the rain was smart enough to come in time for the farmers' busy season. When the rain comes, it appears during the night without making any noise. Unlike the summer storms, the spring rain finishes its task without being known. In the third couplet (对句), the poet describes a peaceful scene to us. In the night sky, the clouds look dark and heavy. It's a sign that there will be enough rain during the night. The light from the boat makes the dark scene a bit livelier. Lastly, the poet starts to imagine. Tomorrow morning, he thinks, the city of Chengdu will become beautiful when all of the flowers bloom after the rain. 1. What does Du Fu want to show in this poem? A．He is thankful to nature. 10 / 23 B．He loves and enjoys farming. C．He enjoys the rain in spring. D．He expects the flowers to bloom. 2. How does Du Fu feel about the spring rain according to the poem? A．Sad. B．Worried. C．Tired. D．Happy. 3. Which of the following uses personification? A．Good rain knows its time right. B．It will fall when spring comes. C．O'er wild lanes dark cloud spreads. D．The town's heavy with blooms. 4. What does the underlined word "bloom" mean in Paragraph 5? A．Disappear. B．Open. C．Die. D．Close. 5. What's the best title for this article? A．Learn to Read Poems B．Du Fu and His Famous Poems C．AFamous Poem by Du Fu D．A Famous Poet—Du Fu Passage 8 Do you know that we also do communication with ourselves from time to time? Picture this: Your mom asks you what you would like for breakfast. Many foods come to your mind: pancakes, bread, porridge .. Until you tell your mom what you want to eat pancakes, you are communicating with yourself. We call it intrapersonal communication (自我沟通). This can be talking, reading, writing, thinking to ourselves, understanding and remembering something. 11 / 23 Intrapersonal communication plays a big role in our lives. Good intrapersonal communication allows you to understand yourself better. When you're comfortable with who you are, and you know what you want, you can better get on with yourself. Also, intrapersonal communication helps you to keep an eye on your thoughts and feelings. When you find that your mind is full of negative thoughts and feelings, and they make you sad, you will try to cheer up and get rid of (摆脱) these unhappy thoughts and feelings. What's more, intrapersonal communication helps with your communication with others. Understanding your thoughts and feelings better allows you to put yourself in others' shoes when you talk to or listen to them. Then, you can better understand and get on with them. 1. How does the writer explain the idea of intrapersonal communication in Paragraph 1? A．He shows some facts. B．He provides numbers. C．He gives an example. D．He asks and answers a question. 2. What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．The right ways of intrapersonal communication. B．The good points of intrapersonal communication. C．The problems of intrapersonal communication. D．The rules of intrapersonal communication. 3. What does the underlined word "negative" mean in Paragraph 3? A．Important. B．Bad. C．Typical. D．Usual. 4. What does the writer want to tell us by using "put yourself in others' shoes"? A．To improve yourself. B．To learn from lessons. C．To be very frightened or nervous. D．To be in someone else's situation. 5. What is the best title for this passage? A．The Importance of Communication 12 / 23 B．Learn to Communicate With Yourself C．How to Communicate Better With Others D．Get Rid of Negative Thoughts Through Communication Passage 9 Winter is hard for most animals. So some birds and animals fly to the south. The groundhog (土拨鼠), however, deals with winter differently. As soon as it feels the weather turning cold, it starts to dig a hole at least five feet underground. There it makes a comfortable home with leaves and grass. It spends the cold winter months in its underground bed and it won't wake up until spring. The groundhog doesn't eat at all during the winter. Instead, it eats as much and as often as it can during the summer. As winter comes, the groundhog becomes so fat that it can hardly move. When it starts to feel sleepy, it goes back to the home and falls into a deep sleep. Its breathing almost stops, its heart slows to about four beats a minute and its body temperature falls to just above 0℃ during the sleep. When it wakes up in spring, its weight (重量) is only half of what it was in the fall. By February or March, it's ready to leave its hole. So years ago, when science and technology was less developed, people often waited for the first groundhog to stick its head out above ground as it showed that spring was coming. This gave rise to a number of stories. One of them is about a groundhog called Phil. This animal could forecast (预测) the weather. Phil stuck his head out above ground and looked around every February 2nd. If he saw his shadow (影子), it meant that there would be an extended (延长的) winter of six weeks. If the weather was cloudy and he didn't see his shadow, it meant spring would be early. 1. What can we know about the groundhog's home during the winter? A．It's usually in trees. B．There are leaves and grass in it. C．Its bed is five feet long. D．The groundhog digs it in summer. 2. What change will happen to the groundhog when sleeping in winter? A．It breathes more quickly. B．Its body temperature goes up. C．It becomes much thinner. 13 / 23 D．Its heart beats faster and faster. 3. Why did people look forward to seeing the groundhog getting out of its home in the past? A．It was easier for them to catch it. B．There was much food in its home. C．It would bring good luck to see a groundhog. D．It was a sign that the winter was over. 4. Which of the following is the right order according to the text? ①The groundhog hibernates (冬眠). ②The groundhog leaves its hole next year. ③The groundhog digs a hole as its home. ④The groundhog eats as much and as often as it can in the summer. A．①③④② B．③①②④ C．④③①② D．③④①② 5. What can we infer from the text? A．Groundhogs are the laziest in summer. B．Groundhogs eat much during the winter. C．Groundhogs do exercise in winter. D．Groundhogs can be spring forecasters. Passage 10 But we've always been slow here! Most of us tend to be stuck in a routine. It's difficult to relax—we're raised in a hard-working sort of culture. But a "Slow City" movement is trying to challenge this. Started in Italy, it was a part of the "Slow Food" movement that began in 1986 as a protest against the first McDonald's opening in Rome. "Slow City" believes in an improved quality of life and keeping traditions alive. Yaxi town in Gaochun county, located about an hour's drive outside of Nanjing, has been named China's first "Slow City" for its natural beauty and relaxed lifestyle. Yet people in Yaxi are unimpressed by the honor. For them, life has been "slow" for as long as they can remember. Mei Weibing, 81, has been running a family business – a shoe shop – for more than 50 years. He stitches each pair of cloth shoes, the process taking him three days. It doesn't mean the locals are short of modern conveniences. They have bought washing machines, 14 / 23 but still prefer doing laundry the traditional way—scrubbing clothes in a pond and beating them with a rod. The county's business center is the 900-year-old Laojie (Old Street), which is one of Jiangsu's longest and best preserved ancient streets. The "Slow City" award may be a mixed blessing. Tourism is set to develop. A new tour route to Yaxi is already in operation. "We have to know what our environmental limits are before we promote places of interest," said Marilyn Larden from Sustainable Travel International. So the first Slow City in China will have to be prepared to protect its sustainable lifestyle against the rise of visitors. 1. The "Slow Food" movement began in________. A．1900 B．1986 C．Rome D．D．China 2. Yaxi town has been named China's first "Slow City" for________. A．its natural beauty and relaxed lifestyle B．its hard-working lifestyle C．its traditional culture D．its modern conveniences 3. The underlined word "scrubbing" means________. A．制作 B．擦洗 C．晾晒 D．裁剪 4. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．The people in the Slow City are not always living slow lives. B．The locals in the Slow City are short of modern conveniences. C．The life in the Slow City is fast. D．The number of visitors should be controlled to protect the Slow City. 5. What's the passage mainly about? A．Different lifestyles. 15 / 23 B．People in Yaxi town. C．Work hard. D．Slow City, slow life. Passage 11 Remember honest Zhou He is known as the father of modern Chinese literature. But his influence has gone beyond literature to the world of ideas, arts and politics. No wonder Chairman Mao Zedong once called him "the sage of modern China". Oct 19 is the 80th anniversary of the death of Zhou Shuren, commonly known for his pen name Lu Xun. Today his writing is still widely read and several of his stories and essays are included in China's public school curriculum. As one of the leaders of the New Culture Movement (1915-1923), Lu Xun is known for making honest comments on Chinese institutions, culture and customs. Take the story From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Study for example. The writer wrote about his youth from his playground Baicao Garden to his school the Sanwei Study, where a respected teacher instructed him in Chinese classics. The name "sanwei", which translates as "three flavors", refers to comparisons of different types of reading to different types of foodstuffs. Confucian classics are like rice. History books are like dishes. And literature is like sauce and seasoning. It was in this strict traditional learning environment that he started to form a solid understanding of Chinese feudal society. So when he wrote his first short story, AMadman's Diary, he declared war against the broken society. The story made a huge splash in China's literary world when it was published in 1918 for being among the first to use colloquial language together with the hard-to-read classical language that "serious" authors were meant to write in at the time. The story also turned heads for its extremely critical take on the downside of Chinese tradition, which Zhou compared to cannibalism. Three years later, another important story, The True Story of Ah Q, was published. It saw Lu Xun look at the Chinese psyche at the time. The writer criticized it through Ah Q, a peasant who always considers himself superior to others even as he is humiliated and finally executed in the end. This characterization was on-the-nose enough that the phrase "the Ah Q spirit" is widely used even today. 模块三 拓展拔高题 16 / 23 "In all of Chinese literature, Lu Xun is … a sharp observer of the era he lived through, and a remaker of language and form," commented The Guardian newspaper. 1. ________ called Lu Xun "the sage of modern China". A．Mao Zedong B．Zhou Shuren C．Guo Moruo D．MoYan 2. What are history books like according to Lu Xun? A．They are like rice. B．They are like dishes. C．They are like sauce. D．They are seasoning. 3. Ah Q represents ________. A．the Chinese grass-root people during the feudal period B．Lu Xun C．nobles during the feudal period D．royals during the feudal period 4. The underlined word "criticized" means ________. A．赞扬 B．学习 C．展露 D．批判 5. What's the passage mainly about? A．Lu Xun—the sage of modern China. B．How to write stories. C．Some influential stories. D．Famous works of Chinese literature. Passage 12 Let's play Chinese chess Last month, a new chess game called Chinese chess came out in Apple's App Store. This old 17 / 23 Chinese game is available (可利用的) for iPhone and iPod Touch users. People can play Chinese chess against a friend or a computer with different levels. As part of Chinese culture, Chinese chess is popular both in China and abroad. Many overseas Chinese play the game as a way of entertainment (娱乐) and developing (弘扬) Chinese culture. Chinese chess is a two-player board game with a total of 32 pieces in red and black. Among all these pieces, King is the most important. It must remain in the palace. If it gets checked (被"将死"), the game is over. So the object (目的) of the game is to check the other's King while protecting one's own King. Chinese chess has a long history in China. There are many sayings about its origin. Some believe that Chinese chess appeared during the Warring States Period (战国时期). Others believe that Emperor Shun (舜帝) invented the game to educate his younger brother Xiang. That might be why the game's Chinese name is xiangqi. Today some foreigners enjoy playing Chinese chess. In their eyes, Chinese chess can help them better communicate with Chinese people and learn Chinese culture. More and more foreigners take part in the World Chinese Chess Championship every two years. 1. Chinese chess is________. A．a part of foreign culture B．a part of Chinese culture C．a new game in China D．not available for iPhone 2. Many overseas Chinese play Chinese chess for________. A．competition and status B．developing skills and fighting C．entertainment and developing Chinese culture D．entertainment and developing skills 3. Chinese chess has ________ pieces in total. A．2 B．16 C．32 D．64 4. The underlined word "origin" means ________. 18 / 23 A．前景 B．简介 C．发展 D．起源 5. What's the passage mainly about? A．Introduction to Chinese Chess. B．The history of Chinese Chess. C．Chinese Chess in Apple's App Store. D．How to play Chinese Chess. D．the history of Chinese mythology Passage 13 The elephant is another animal that lives in groups. An elephant herd (群) usually has from twenty to forty members. The elephants in the herd usually depend on each other for help when they are in trouble. The leader (头领) of the group is usually a clever and strong female (雌性的). She travels at the head of the herd and is followed by the other females and their young. The male elephants follow last. When the danger comes, the male (雄性) elephants make a circle (圈) around the weaker (更虚弱的) animals and protect them. A sick elephant is not left behind to die. If an elephant is sick, the whole herd stops traveling until it gets well. When an elephant is hurt, two others walk on both sides of it and support it with their bodies. A member of the herd may be caught in a trap (陷阱). Then the others try to help it. An elephant herd is just like a human's family. Elephants love the young in the group and give them special care and love. For example, they help young animals stay afloat (漂浮着) when the herd crosses a river. They work together to help a baby elephant to get to the safety when it goes to a dangerous place. The way elephants love and care the youngsters is like ours. When a female elephant gives birth to her young baby, she will go out of the herd and she usually leaves the herd for a short time. However, she takes another female along to act as an "aunt". The aunt stands beside and helps the mother with her new-born baby. In this way, the whole herd protects its newest member. That's the elephant herd. Do you like it? 19 / 23 1. There are usually ________ members in an elephant herd. A．less than twenty B．from twenty to forty C．more than forty D．over one hundred 2. In face of danger, the males make a circle around ________. A．the baby elephants B．the weaker elephants C．the leader of the group D．the stronger elephants 3. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 "support" mean? A．依靠 B．资助 C．支撑 D．拥护 4. What will the elephants do to help the young animals cross a river? A．They will help them stay afloat. B．They will leave them behind. C．They will carry them on the back. D．They will ask people for help. 5. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A．The leader of an elephant herd is usually a strong male. B．Elephants only give the young elephants special care and love. C．Elephants try their best to help each other when they are in trouble. D．The female elephant leaves the herd forever after having babies. Passage 14 Nowadays many museums around the world celebrate SlowArt Day in order to encourage their visitors to take their time and appreciate art more deeply. In the world full of games, apps and funny videos, people spend less and less time on things. Research has shown that on average(平均来看), people spend less than one minute on one work of art. 20 / 23 The Internet has millions of websites, so you might expect people to slow down when they're in museums full of great works of art. But you are wrong. In recent years, museums have been working to change the situation. Over 170 museums around the world celebrate SlowArt Day. They ask their visitors to spend at least 5 to 10 minutes looking at just one work of art. SlowArt supporters(支持者) believe that when visitors spend more time looking at a work of art, they enjoy it more. By spending time, they are able to notice more things about the work of art. Studying a work of art for more time can also help people get a better understanding of the artist's ideas and what the artist went through to create the work. Most museums taking part in SlowArt Day choose just a few works for their visitors. In their opinion, when people visit a museum with lots of works of art, they feel like they must see everything in the museum. They go around like they are checking things off of a list. As one expert said, "You can't really see a painting as you're walking by it." 1. What does the underlined word "appreciate" mean? A．欣赏 B．创造 C．需要 D．生产 2. What can we infer from the last sentence in Paragraph 2? A．It's difficult for people to choose a museum to visit. B．It's difficult for people to choose a website from millions of ones. C．People spend less than 15 seconds on a work of art in a museum. D．People are more interested in works of art in museums than websites. 3. What can visitors do according to SlowArt supporters? ①Meet some artists face to face. ② Get to enjoy more works of art. ③Learn more about the work of art. ④Understand the artist's ideas better. A．①④ B．③④ C．②③ 21 / 23 D．②④ 4. Why do most museums choose just a few works for visitors? A．It is a rule of taking part in SlowArt Day. B．They worry that some visitors will break their works of art. C．It's easy for visitors to spend more time on one work of art. D．Visitors don't have much time to enjoy too many works of art. 5. What's the main idea of this passage? A．Fewer and fewer people like to visit museums. B．People have different opinions about museums. C．Learning to enjoy works of art can help you relax. D．Museums want art lovers to take their time. Passage 15 The kind of music you like says something about your personality. So does the way you dance to certain kinds of music. These findings come from two different research projects. They used surveys to find out what kinds of personalities people had. Then researchers looked at either how personality types matched with people's favorite kinds of music or how people danced. Dr. Adrian North and his team from a Scotland university had the personality study that also looked at people's taste in music. They surveyed over 36,000 people from six different countries. Dr. North and his team first asked people questions to find out if they were outgoing, creative, hard-working or confident among many other personality types. He also asked them to rate how much they like different kinds of music. It turns out that people who like the same kind of music seem to have similar personalities. And this is true even if the people are from different countries. For example, people who like jazz are usually confident and creative but are often not outgoing. People who like rock music are not hard-working and not confident, but they are creative. People who like country are hard-working but not outgoing. These findings didn't match everyone exactly, but in general, people's personality types and taste in music matched surprisingly well. Dr. Geoffrey Luck from a Finland university studied the connection between personality and how people danced. Like Dr. North, Dr. Luck also used a survey to determine(判定) the personality types of 900 people. Then he asked 60 people with strong personality types to dance to different kinds of 22 / 23 music. While they danced, Dr. Luck recorded them on video. He then used a computer program to analyze the way people moved their bodies. Dr. Luck found outgoing people move around a lot while dancing. Hard-working people tend to move around a lot as well, but they also use their hands more. People with easy-going personalities tend to dance from side to side and move around more smoothly. Shy or nervous people don't move smoothly and they move from one foot to another. The next time you dance, watch the people around you and ask them what kind of music they like, you can learn a lot about them. 1. What did Dr. North study? A．The music of six countries. B．Old and young people's taste in music. C．Music preference and personality. D．Surveys of music lovers from past research. 2. According to Dr. North's research, what is usually true of people who like rock music? A．They are confident. B．They are creative. C．They are easy-going. D．They are hard-working. 3. What is true about Dr. North and Dr. Luck? A．They studied the same people. B．They used the method of surveys. C．They asked people to listen to music. D．They worked for the same university. 4. According to Dr. Luck's research, how does a man who is both hard-working and easy-going probably dance? A．He uses his hands less. B．He moves from one foot to another. C．He moves around smoothly. D．He dances without moving much. 5. What's the main idea of the passage? A．Where different kinds of music and dance started. 23 / 23 B．Why people dance different ways to popular music. C．How music and dance show people's personalities. D．What researchers learned about professional dancers. 1 / 11 阅读理解（说明文） 答案解析 Passage 1 1. D．eat something from each of the seven kinds of food every day 解析：文章强调每天必须摄入七类食物（如蔬菜、谷物、蛋白质等），而非用餐次数或时间 （A、C无关），B未提及。 2. B．Oranges belong to second kind of food. 解析：柑橘类属于第二类（柑橘和番茄）；A（冰淇淋非每日必需）、C（鸡肉非每日强制）、 D（脂肪需适量而非禁止）均错误。 3. C．eat different kinds of food 解析：文章指出各国饮食种类不同，未提烹饪方式（B）或完全相同（A、D）。 4. A．many people in the world are hungry 解析：末段核心是解决饥饿问题并确保营养均衡（B是方法，非最重要；C、D偏离主题）。 5. D．强壮的 解析：结合上下文，"strong"指通过正确饮食获得健康体魄，非肥胖（A）、漂亮（B）或聪 明（C）。 Passage 2 1. D．where Stonehenge was built 解析：文章明确提到巨石阵位于英格兰（"located in England"），但建造方式（A）、目的（B） 和建造者（C）仍属未解之谜。 2. B．England 解析：原文直接说明巨石阵位于英格兰（"located in England"），其他选项错误。 3. A．380 2 / 11 解析：文中指出石头从原产地被搬运了约 380公里（"dragged... over 380 kilometers"），其他 数字与题意无关。 4. C．wooden tools 解析：史前人类仅使用基本木制工具（"only basic wooden tools"），A、B、D均为现代技术。 5. A．temple 解析：部分历史学家认为巨石阵是神庙（"a temple"），B（日晷）、C（墓地）是其他理论， D未提及。 Passage 3 1. D．the US 解析：文章开头明确指出马克·吐温（Samuel Clemens）出生于美国佛罗里达州（"born in Florida, US"）。选项 A（1830年）是错误年份，B（1873年）是《镀金时代》出版年份，C（英国）与 事实不符。 2. B．working experiences 解析：文中提到马克·吐温年轻时从事过印刷工、领航员、矿工等工作，这些经历为他提供 了丰富的写作素材（"These experiences gave him wonderful writing material"）。教育经历（A）、 家庭（C）和老师（D）未被提及。 3. B．1873 解析：原文直接说明《镀金时代》（*The Gilded Age*）出版于 1873年。其他年份中，1835 年是出生年份，1885年是《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》出版年份，1935年是海明威评价的年份。 4. C．make the character's speech sound like real Americans 解析：文章指出马克·吐温在《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》中使用方言，使角色对话像真实的美 国人（"sound like real Americans"），并提到他运用了地方口音和新创词汇。选项 A（扩展英语）、 B（帮助读者理解）和 D（像英国人）均不符合文意。 5. A．heart disease 3 / 11 解析：末段明确说明马克·吐温因心脏病去世（"died of heart disease"）。其他选项（事故、 肺病、病毒）无依据。 Passage 4 1. C．Because it is impossible to see water there. 解析：文章明确提到这条"石头河"的特殊之处在于它由岩石组成，看不到一滴水（"Not a drop of water can be seen"）。选项 A（位于公园内）是事实但非独特之处，B（有鱼）和 D（流水声 大）与文意不符。 2. C．700 meters. 解析：文中指出石头河最宽处达 700米（"in some places, it is up to 700 meters wide"）。其他 数据：200米是平均宽度，6米是岩石层深度，6,000米未提及。 3. B．Result. 解析：根据上下文，"consequence"指冰川运动的结果（形成石头河），而非原因（A）、结 束（C）或开端（D）。 4. D．Enjoying the Big Stone River from a higher place is the best way. 解析：末段建议从高处观赏石头河是最佳方式（"The best way... is from above"）。其他选项： A（唯一石头河）未提及，B（真正的河）错误（由岩石组成），C（由大型石河组成）与文中 "many small rocky rivers"矛盾。 5. A．The Big Stone River 解析：全文围绕俄罗斯大石头河的地质奇观展开，B（一块石头）、C（体验）和 D（流动 的河）均偏离主题。 Passage 5 1. A．Maybe it is because the teenagers from villages live a harder life. 解析：文章明确提到农村青少年做更多家务可能因为生活更艰苦（"live a harder life"）。其 他选项（B喜欢做家务、C城市父母不需要、D农村父母要求）文中未直接支持。 2. B．2,000. 4 / 11 解析：调查总样本为 4,000人，其中一半（2,000）来自农村（"Half of them... others are from small villages"）。 3. D．Taking out the rubbish. 解析：图表显示农村青少年做"倒垃圾"最多（1,600人），远超其他家务（如铺床 1,400、扫 地 1,200）。 4. C．850. 解析：城市青少年中扫地的人数为 850（见图表"sweep the floor"对应数据）。 5. D．Because they thought it would help teenagers to do chores at home to take good care of themselves. 解析：文章结尾建议城市父母让孩子做家务，以培养自理能力（"Doing chores teaches teenagers to take care of themselves"）。其他选项（A反对做家务、B仅为了解现状、C认为没必要）与文 意矛盾。 Passage 6 1. B．a storybook 解析：文章介绍旅游景点信息，适合杂志（A）、报纸（C）或旅游指南（D），但非虚构故 事书（B）的内容。 2. C．in the South of China 解析：海南岛位于中国南部（"in the South of China"），其他选项（印度洋、欧洲、非洲） 错误。 3. B．Thailand 解析：泰国清迈有历史悠久的寺庙（如Wat Phra Singh temple），其他选项未提及寺庙。 4. A．Teddy Bear Museum 解析：济州岛的泰迪熊博物馆（"Teddy Bear Museum"）深受儿童喜爱，其他博物馆未提及。 5 / 11 5. B．Sydney Opera House and Ayers Rock 解析：澳大利亚以悉尼歌剧院和艾尔斯岩闻名，其他选项混淆了不同国家的景点。 Passage 7 1. A．He is thankful to nature. 解析：杜甫通过农耕经历学会感恩自然（"thankful to nature"），诗中"好雨知时节"体现这一 点。 2. D．Happy. 解析：首句"好雨"直接表达喜悦（"joy and love"），与选项 D一致。 3. A．Good rain knows its time right. 解析：拟人化体现在"雨知时节"（"knows its time"），赋予雨人性化特征。 4. B．Open. 解析："bloom"指雨后花朵绽放（"flowers bloom after the rain"），与"open"同义。 5. C．AFamous Poem by Du Fu 解析：全文聚焦杜甫《春夜喜雨》的赏析，B和 D范围过大，A偏离主题。 Passage 8 1. C．He gives an example. 解析：第一段通过早餐选择的例子（"pancakes, bread, porridge"）解释自我沟通的概念，属于 举例说明。 2. B．The good points of intrapersonal communication. 解析：第三段重点阐述自我沟通的好处，如更好地理解自己、管理情绪（"understand yourself better", "keep an eye on your thoughts"）。 3. B．Bad. 解析：根据上下文，"negative thoughts"指消极想法，与"cheer up"（振作）形成对比，因此 "negative"意为"坏的"。 6 / 11 4. D．To be in someone else's situation. 解析：短语"put yourself in others' shoes"意为换位思考（理解他人处境），与选项 D一致。 5. B．Learn to Communicate With Yourself 解析：全文围绕自我沟通的重要性展开，A（沟通重要性）和 C（与他人沟通）偏离主题， D（摆脱消极）仅为部分内容。 Passage 9 1. B．There are leaves and grass in it. 解析：文中提到土拨鼠用树叶和草布置地下巢穴（"home with leaves and grass"），其他选项： A（树上）错误，C（床的长度）未提及，D（夏季挖掘）与文意矛盾。 2. C．It becomes much thinner. 解析：冬眠后体重减半（"weight is only half"），其他变化：呼吸和心跳减缓（A、D错误）， 体温下降（B错误）。 3. D．It was a sign that the winter was over. 解析：过去人们将土拨鼠出洞视为春天来临的标志（"showed that spring was coming"），其 他选项无依据。 4. C．④③①② 解析：正确顺序为：夏季暴食（④）→挖洞筑巢（③）→冬眠（①）→次年出洞（②）。 5. D．Groundhogs can be spring forecasters. 解析：文中提到土拨鼠 Phil预测天气的传统（"forecast the weather"），其他选项：A（夏季 懒惰）和 C（冬季运动）错误，B（冬季进食）与冬眠习性矛盾。 Passage 10 1. B．1986 解析：文中明确提到"慢食运动"始于 1986年（"began in 1986"），作为对罗马首家麦当劳开 业的抗议。其他选项：A（1900年）错误，C（罗马）是事件地点，D（中国）与起源无关。 7 / 11 2. A．its natural beauty and relaxed lifestyle 解析：高淳区桠溪镇因"自然美景和悠闲生活方式"（"natural beauty and relaxed lifestyle"）成 为中国首个"慢城"，B（勤劳）、C（传统文化）、D（现代便利）非主要原因。 3. B．擦洗 解析："scrubbing"指传统洗衣方式中的"擦洗"动作（用棒槌捶打衣物），与上下文"pond"（池 塘）和"rod"（棒槌）的场景一致。 4. D．The number of visitors should be controlled to protect the Slow City. 解析：文末提到需控制游客数量以保护可持续生活方式（"protect its sustainable lifestyle against the rise of visitors"）。其他选项：A（居民生活并非一直慢）与"life has been 'slow'"矛盾， B（缺乏现代便利）与"have bought washing machines"矛盾，C（生活节奏快）错误。 5. D．Slow City, slow life. 解析：全文围绕"慢城"理念与桠溪镇的慢生活展开，A（不同生活方式）过于宽泛，B（桠 溪镇居民）片面，C（努力工作）与主题相悖。 Passage 11 1. A. 题目问“‘the sage of Lu’”指的是谁。根据文章第一段“Lu Xun, today's writing is still widely read and several of his works are included in school textbooks.”以及常识可知，“the sage of Lu”指的 是鲁迅（Lu Xun），答案选 A。 2. D. 题目问根据鲁迅所说，什么是“honey books”。文中提到“Confucian classics are like honey books are like dates. Aniseed-flavor is like rumor and reasoning.”，可知“honey books”就像枣子 （dates），答案选 A。 3. D. 题目问“aniseed - flavor”代表什么。文中提到“Aniseed - flavor is like rumor and reasoning.”， 可知它代表谣言和推理（rumor and reasoning），答案选 D。 8 / 11 4. A. 题目问“the revolution event”中“revolution”的意思。结合文章背景及鲁迅所处时代，这里的 “revolution”是“革命”的意思，答案选 A。 5. D. 题目问文章主要是关于什么的。文章围绕鲁迅展开，介绍了他在文学方面的成就、作品 等，也就是中国文学的著名作家（Famous writers of Chinese literature），答案选 D。 Passage 12 1. B．a part of Chinese culture 解析：文章明确提到象棋是"中国文化的一部分"（"As part of Chinese culture"），且起源于中国 古代。选项 A（外国文化）、C（中国新游戏）与事实不符，D（iPhone不可用）与首段矛盾。 2. C．entertainment and developing Chinese culture 解析：海外华人通过象棋娱乐并弘扬文化（"entertainment and developing Chinese culture"），其 他选项（A竞赛地位、B技能与战斗、D仅技能）未提及。 3. C．32 解析：象棋共有 32枚棋子（红黑各 16枚），其他数字（2玩家、16单方棋子、64国际象棋棋 子）错误。 4. D．起源 解析：根据上下文，"origin"指象棋的历史起源（战国说或舜帝发明说），与"发展"（C）、"前 景"（A）等无关。 5. A．Introduction to Chinese Chess. 解析：全文综合介绍象棋的文化背景、规则、历史及国际影响，B（仅历史）、C（仅 App）、 D（玩法）均片面。 Passage 13 1. B．from twenty to forty - 原文依据：第一段明确提到 "An elephant herd usually has from twenty to forty members." - 排除其他选项：A（少于 20）、C（超过 40）、D（超过 100）均与原文不符。 9 / 11 2. B．the weaker elephants - 原文依据：第二段提到 "When the danger comes, the male elephants make a circle around the weaker animals and protect them." - 关键信息：雄性大象保护的对象是群体中更虚弱的成员（包括幼象、病象等），而非仅限 幼象（A）或头领（C）。 3. C．支撑 - 语境分析：第二段描述受伤大象时，"two others walk on both sides of it and support it with their bodies"，即用身体支撑受伤同伴。 - 排除其他选项：A（依靠）方向相反；B（资助）和 D（拥护）与动物行为无关。 4. A．They will help them stay afloat. - 原文依据：第三段明确举例 "they help young animals stay afloat when the herd crosses a river." - 排除其他选项：B（抛弃）、C（驮在背上）、D（向人类求助）均未提及。 5. C．Elephants try their best to help each other when they are in trouble. - 综合全文：大象群居互助是核心主题，体现在保护弱者（第二段）、照顾幼崽（第三段）、 协助分娩（第四段）等行为中。 - 纠错其他选项： - A：头领是雌性（第一段提到 "a clever and strong female"）。 - B：大象对所有群体成员（如病象、伤象）都提供帮助，不仅限于幼象。 - D：雌象分娩后短暂离群，但会返回（"leaves the herd for a short time"）。 Passage 14 1. A. 根据第一段“Nowadays many museums around the world celebrate SlowArt Day in order to encourage their visitors to take their time and appreciate art more deeply.”可知，世界各地的许多博 物馆庆祝“慢艺术日”，鼓励游客花时间更深入地去“appreciate”艺术。结合常识，在博物馆里应 该是欣赏艺术作品，所以“appreciate”意为“欣赏”，答案选 A。 10 / 11 2. C. 第二段提到“The Internet has millions of websites, so you might expect people to slow down when they're in museums full of great works of art. But you are wrong.”，意思是互联网有无数的网 站，你可能期望人们在满是伟大艺术作品的博物馆里会放慢节奏，但事实并非如此。结合前文 “Research has shown that on average, people spend less than one minute on one work of art.”可知，人 们在一件艺术作品上花费的时间很少，由此可推断出人们在博物馆里看一件艺术作品花费的时 间不到 15秒，答案选 C。 3. B. 根据第四段“SlowArt supporters believe that when visitors spend more time looking at a work of art, they enjoy it more. By spending time, they are able to notice more things about the work of art. Studying a work of art for more time can also help people get a better understanding of the artist's ideas and what the artist went through to create the work.”可知，慢艺术支持者认为，游客花更多时 间看一件艺术作品时，能更多地欣赏它，能注意到关于这件艺术作品更多的东西，还能更好地 理解艺术家的想法以及艺术家创作这件作品所经历的过程。文中未提及能与艺术家面对面以及 欣赏更多艺术作品，所以③④正确，答案选 B。 4. C. 根据第四段“Most museums taking part in SlowArt Day choose just a few works for their visitors. In their opinion, when people visit a museum with lots of works of art, they feel like they must see everything in the museum. They go around like they are checking things off of a list.”可知， 大多数参与“慢艺术日”的博物馆只为游客选择几件作品，是因为当博物馆里有很多艺术作品时， 人们会觉得必须看完所有作品，就像在清单上勾选东西一样匆匆而过，而选择几件作品，游客 就更容易在一件艺术作品上花更多时间，答案选 C。 5. D. 文章主要讲述了世界各地的许多博物馆庆祝“慢艺术日”，鼓励游客花时间更深入地欣赏艺 术作品，即博物馆希望艺术爱好者能放慢节奏，花时间欣赏艺术，答案选 D。 Passage 15 1. C. 根据第二段“Dr. Adrian North and his team from a Scotland university had the personality study that also looked at people's taste in music.”可知，Adrian North博士和他的团队进行了一项关 于性格的研究，同时也研究了人们对音乐的喜好，即音乐偏好和性格之间的关系，答案选 C。 11 / 11 2. B. 根据第三段“People who like rock music are not hard - working and not confident, but they are creative.”可知，喜欢摇滚音乐的人通常不勤奋、不自信，但有创造力，答案选 B。 3. B. 根据第二段“They surveyed over 36,000 people from six different countries.”以及第四段“Like Dr. North, Dr. Luck also used a survey to determine the personality types of 900 people.”可知，Adrian North博士和 Geoffrey Luck博士都使用了调查的方法来进行研究，答案选 B。 4. C. 根据第五段“Hard - working people tend to move around a lot as well, but they also use their hands more. People with easy - going personalities tend to dance from side to side and move around more smoothly.”可知，勤奋的人跳舞时活动较多且更多地使用手，随和的人跳舞时会左右移动 且动作更流畅。那么一个既勤奋又随和的人跳舞时很可能动作流畅，答案选 C。 5. C. 文章开篇指出喜欢的音乐类型和跳舞方式能反映人的性格，接着分别介绍了 Adrian North 博士关于音乐偏好和性格关系的研究以及 Geoffrey Luck博士关于性格和跳舞方式关系的研究， 所以文章主要讲的是音乐和舞蹈如何展现人们的性格，答案选 C。