Unit 5 Period3 Grammar讲义+练习 2024-2025学年译林版英语（2024）七年级上册

7A同步讲义 Grammar A. 名词的定义 名词是表示人、事、物、地点以及抽象概念的词 Linda 琳达 boy男孩 dog 狗 table 桌子 park 公园 Paris 巴黎 peace 和平 courage 勇气 B.名词的分类 总的来说,英语中的名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两类. 专 有 名 词 人名、星期、月份、节日、城市、建筑、团体、机构的名称等 Peter , Snow White , Sunday , April , Christmas Day , China , London , the United Nations 联合国, the Communist Party of China 中国共产党 普 通 名 词 可 数 名 词 个体名词 doctor医生,teacher老师, orange桔子,desk课桌 集合名词 police 警察,people 人民,family 家庭, army 军队 ,class 同学 不 可 数 名 词 抽象名词 time 时间fun 玩笑,kindness 善意, idea 主意,knowledge 知识 youth 青春 , love 爱 , 物质名词 rice 大米,water 水,fire 火,air 空气 C. 名词的数 可数名词与不可数名词: 可数名词由单数变为复数形式,其构成方法分为规则和不规则两种: 可数名词复数变化规则 一般名词复数构成法 构成法 例词 一般情况下,在名词单数形式的词尾加s book-books, day-days, desk-desks 以-s, -x,,-ch,-sh,结尾的名词,在词尾加es class-classes, box-boxes, match-matches, wish- wishes 以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词,将y变成i后加es 以元音字母+y结尾的名词,直接+s city-cities, country-countries, factory-factories boy-boys, key-keys, guy-guys 以-f或-fe结尾的名词,一般将f或fe变成v后,再加es leaf-leaves, wife-wives, life- lives, thief-thieves, knife-knives, half-halves, shelf-shelves 以辅音字母加o结尾的名词,一般在词尾加es hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes zoo-zoos, radio-radios, photo – photos 名词复数的不规则变化 某些名词的不规则复数形式构成法 构成法 例词 变内部元音 foot—feet,man—men tooth—teeth,woman—women , policewoman—policewomen 单复数同形 fish-fish ,deer-deer ,sheep-sheep ,Chinese-Chinese Japanese- Japanese, Swiss,yuan 完全不规则 child-children, mouse-mice, ox- oxen 复合名词 主要词改复数 boy student- boy students 含man和woman的前后两个词都改复数 man doctor – men doctors woman teacher – women teachers 注:有些词只有复数形式 如:trousers,glasses(眼镜), shoes等。 不可数名词: 英文中的不可数名词不易把握,我们不能按照汉语的思维去判断一个名词到底是可数还是不可数,因此,对于不可数名词需要强化记忆,但总的来讲不可数名词是有规律的; 物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词,表示不可以计数的事物的名词叫不可数名词,一般不分单数和复数,这类词通常不可以和不定冠词连接,也不可以加上基数词表示个数,因此,不可数名词要计量的话,就得用单位词,学过的不可数名词有:news,paper,milk,orange(桔子汁),bread, chalk,truth,water,rice,work,housework,homework,luck,ink,meat,money ,sugar, grass,ice等等。 1 物质名词通常不可数 液体beer, blood, coffee,cream,honey,juice,milk,oil,tea,water,wine 固体:bread,butter,cheese,ice,ice-cream,meat,beef,chicken,fish 气体:air,fog,smoke 2 抽象名词通常不可数 advice,anger,beauty,confidence,fun,happiness,health,information,love,peace,luck 3 总称的名词通常不可数 总称名词(不可数) 部分名词(可数) furniture(家具) chair,table,bed fruit(水果) apple,orange,banana jewelry(珠宝) ring(戒指),earring(耳环)necklace(项链) luggage bag(包) suitcase(手提箱) 4 不可数名词的度量 1)不可数名词前面不能加冠词a/an 如: a water, a bread, an advice, a furniture (X) 2) 不可数名词没有复数形式 如:two waters, two breads,ten advices (X) 3) 表示不可数名词的数量,可以借用量词(单位词)来表示其量的概念;不同类型的不可数名词所使用的量词也不一样,一般规则如下: 不定冠词/基数词+量词+of+不可数名词, 若表示的数量大于“二”时,则将量词变为其复数形式。 常用的有: 单数 复数 a piece of cheese 一块奶酪 two pieces of meat 两块奶酪 a glass of water 一杯水 three glasses of water 三杯水 a bottle of juice 一瓶果汁 four bottles of juice 四瓶果汁 a bowl of soup 一碗汤 two bowls of soup 两碗汤 a bag of rice 一袋大米 five bags of rice 五袋大米 a box of chalk 一盒粉笔 six boxes of chalk 六盒粉笔 a kilo of beef 一千克牛肉 four kilos of beef 四千克牛肉 a carton of milk 一盒牛奶 two cartons of milk 两盒牛奶 a packet of salt 一小包盐 eight packets of salt 一小包盐 可数名词在需要时也可用此方式表示。 eg: a basket of eggs 一篮鸡蛋 知识清单 1 piece /pi:s/ n.块(片,张,件.....) eg:He cut the cake into small pieces. 他把蛋糕切成了小块。 【拓展】常用搭配: a piece of一块(片,张,件......);如果数量超过一,要用......pieces of. a piece of land一片土地 two pieces of wood一块木头 2 salt盐 【拓展】adj salty 咸的 桌子上有两包盐。There are two packets of salt on the table. 这碗汤尝起来很咸。This bowl of soup tastes very salty. 3 maybe adv. 也许,大概 1) 副词 maybe 多用于口语,表示猜测的语气,相当于perhaps,通常放在句子的开头作状语。 2) 【辨析】maybe和may be maybe 副词 也许,可能 表猜测,常用于句首。 may be 情态动词may+be 可能是,也许是 其后接名词,介词短语,形容词 3)maybe和may be有时可相互转换。 Maybe he is very tired.=He may be very tired.可能他很累了。 Maybe Kate is in the classroom. She may be ill.也许凯特在教室里。她可能是生病了。 随堂练习 一、根据句意及提示完成单词 1.I want to buy a (片)of bread. 2.Bring me a g of milk. 3.Pass me some (盐),please. 4.There are some nice (瓶子)on the shelf. 5.We can see some lovely_ (sheep)on the hill. 二、根据汉语提示完成句子 6.-Mike,we don't have any salt.Please go and buy (一包盐). -Yes,Mum. 7.-Do you want to buy (三公斤土豆)? -Yes. 8.What do we (需要买)? 9.I usually (早餐吃两片面包). 10.I want to (买一份礼物给)my mother. 三、用所给词的适当形式填空 11.Grandma needs some (cake).Let's buy some for her. 12.Our English teacher often tells us interesting (story)in class. 13.There are two_ (box)of sweets on the table. 14.There are many (watch)there.I don't know which one to choose(选择). 15.Look at the (photo).How beautiful they are! 16.I'd like to buy two (radio). 17.There used to be many (wolf)in the forest,but the number of them is getting smaller and smaller now. 18.How many books are there on those (shelf)? 19.-Is everything ready,Tom? -No,we need some more (knife) to cut something. 20. (sheep)are grazing(吃青草)in the fields. 21.There are ten (woman)in the room. 22. (child)like playing computer games. 23.It is important to brush your_ (tooth)twice a day. 24.In China, (mooncake)are the traditional food on the Mid-Autumn Festival. 25.Miss Green advised us to decorate a card for each other with those (leaf). 四、单项选择 26.-Would you like some ? -Oh,yes,just a little. A.milk B.apple C.pears D.oranges 27.I'm going to the supermarket to buy some this afternoon. A.paper and pencil B.apples and banana C.milk and eggs D.bowl and spoons 28.-Are you thirsty? -Yes,please give us A.three bottle water B.three bottle of water C.three bottles of water D.three bottles of waters 29.Don't eat too much .It's bad for your teeth. A.fruit B.beef C.sweet food D.vegetables 30.Tom is in good health,because he often exercises and eats a lot of healthy . A.food B.water C.pear D.carrot 五、按要求完成句子 31.These are old cars.(改为单数形式) old car. 32.There are fifty students in our class.(对画线部分提问) students are there in your class? 33.There's only a little water in the river.(对画线部分提问) water is there in the river? 34.A dictionary is useful for us to understand new words.(改为复数形式) useful for us to understand new words. 35.There are some orange dresses on the bed.(改为单数形式) orange dress on the bed. Period 3 一,1.piece 2.glass 3.salt 4.bottles5.sheep 二6.a packet of salt 7.three kilos of potatoes 8.need to buy 9.have two pieces of bread for breakfast 10.buy a present for 三,11.cakes 12.stories13.boxes 14.watches 15.photos16.radios 17.wolves18.shelves 19.knives 20.Sheep 21.women 22.Children 23.teeth 24.mooncakes 25.leaves 四、26.A 27.C28.C 29.C 30.A :考查名词辨析。food"食品”;water“水”;pear“梨”;carrot"“胡萝 卜”。 句意:汤姆身体很健康,因为他经常锻炼并且吃很多健康食品。 故选 A。 五,31.This is an :本题用转化法。These are 的单数形式为 this is,old cars 的单数形式为an old caro 32.How many :对可数名词的数量提问用how manyo 33.How much :询问不可数名词的“数量”要用 how mucho 34.Dictionaries are :句意:词典对于我们理解新单词很有用。 辅音字母加 y 结尾的单词变复数时,应把 y 变成 i, 再加 es。 dictionary 的复数形式是 dictionaries;is的复数是areo 35.There's an :There are的单数形式是There is;orange 以元音音素开头,前用不定冠词an。 Grammar 一、根据句意及所给的汉语提示写出单词 1. The (瓶子) on the shelf are good and not expensive. 2. Ben's father tells him to buy three packets of (盐). 3. How many (千克) of beef do yc want? 4. The (奶酪) has a special taste. 5. He cut the pizza into small (块,片) 二、句型转换 1. It is a big brown box.(改为复数句) are big brown . 2. This is Mary's photo.(改为复数句) are Mary's . 3. That is a radio on the table.(改为复数句) are some on the table. 4. The yellow T- shirt is on great sale.(改为复数句) The yellow great sale. 5. This is a new watch. (改为复数句) new . 6. There is a sheep in the garden.(改为复数句) There in the garden. 7. There is some milk in the glass.(改为否定句) There milk in the glass. 8. There is only one tin of Coke on the table.(对画线部分提问) How of Coke are there on the table? 9. There is a little apple juice in the glass.(对画线部分提问) is there in the glass? 三、单项填空 1. There is a lot of and three on the table in the kitchen. A. bean; beef B. potatoes; tomatoes C. salt; chicken D. sugar; carrots 2. Asian elephants usually eat grass, and fruit. A. leaf B. the leaf C. leaves D. the leaves 3. Look at the . How lovely they are! A. babies elephants B. babies elephant C. baby elephants D. baby elephant 4. — Can I help you? — Yes, I would like to buy . A. a packet of sweet B. two packets of sweet C. two packet of sweets D. a packet of sweets 5. We have some here. We can make some soup. A. egg; egg B. egg; eggs C. eggs; egg D. eggs; eggs 6. The shop near my home sells clothing at a very good price. A. child and woman's B. children's and women's C. children and women's D. children's and women 7. — How many are there in your school? — About 18. A. woman teachers B. women teacher C. women teachers D. woman teacher 8. My uncle has a farm, and there are some on the farm. A. chicken and sheep B. chickens and sheeps C. chickens and sheep. D. chicken and sheeps 9. Three and two are talking. A. German; Japanese B. Germen; Japaneses C. Germans; Japanese D. Germans; Japaneses 10. There are in the pond. A. many fish B. much fishes C. much fish D. a fish 四、根据中文提示完成句子 1. 我们打算去买几瓶果汁。 We are going to buy several 2. 冰箱里有很多新鲜的蔬菜和水果。 There are a lot of and in the fridge. 3. 我们需要为班级聚会买什么吃的呢? do we for our class party? 4. 或许我们应该为爱吃甜食的同学买些巧克力。 we should buy some chocolate for classmates 5. 我对咖啡不感兴趣。我能喝杯绿茶吗? I'm not interested in coffee. Can I have ? 五、综合填空 Donald is a computer programmer(电脑程序员), so he can work at home. He usually wakes up late. Before having b 1 , he smokes two cigarettes(香烟). After that, he watches TV and s 2 to work. Donald likes fried food very much. He often eats bread and eggs for breakfast. For 1 3 , he has a steak and French fries. At five o' clock, Donald's work is over. Then he e 4 Chinese food, such as Beijing duck. After dinner, Donald always s 5 online and buys everything he wants. He also plays football games on his computer. S 6 , he writes letters to his friends. He goes to bed at about midnight. The doctor doesn't 7 Donald's lifestyle is healthy. She asks Donald to get up e 8 and eat healthily. He should stop smoking and exercise more. It's good for his health to go out and w 9 to the shops. Donald likes football too, but he n 10 to play real football. It will be better to play football with friends than to play computer games online. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 六、阅读理解 Health is more important than money and wisdom(智慧). Good health helps us enjoy our life and get what we need. How can we stay healthy? Here is some helpful advice(建议). Eat more fruit and vegetables. They are full of vitamins(维生素). And they can help us keep healthy and young. Keep a balanced diet(均衡的饮食) and good eating habits(习惯). Eat less food with lots of sugar and fat. Eat lots of food high in protein (蛋白质). Exercise every day. Doing sports can help us make our bodies strong. Learn to relax ourselves. Being too tired all the time may make us get sick easily. Give up bad habits, such as drinking and smoking. In a word, if we live this way, we' ll live a healthy life and get fit. 1. The writer gives us pieces of advice on how to stay healthy. A. three B. four C. five D. six 2. If your body needs vitamins, what should you eat? A. More fruit and vegetables. B. More milk and less meat. C. More food and fish. D. More sugar and sweet snacks. 3. We need to do sports to . A. make us very tall B. make us very strong C. make us get sick easily D. make us look very young 4. We should eat often if we want to get a balanced diet. A. less food with less sugar B. lots of food high in protein C. lots of sweet snacks D. more food with less fat 5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. How to have money B. How to get fit C. What to eat every day D. When to exercise Grammar 一、1. bottles 2. sult 3. kilos 4. cheese 5. pieces 二、1. They; boxes 2. These; photos 3. Those; radios 4. T- shirts are on 5. These are; watches 6. are some sheep 7. isn't any 8. many tins 9. How much apple juice 三、1. D 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. B7. C 8. C 9. C 10. A 四、1. bottles of juice 2. fresh vegetables; fruit 3. What food; need to buy 4. Maybe; with a sweet tooth 5. a cup of green tea 五、【语篇导读】唐纳德是一个电脑程序员。他有许多不健康的生活习惯,医生建议他多运动,注意健康。 1. breakfast 2. starts 3. lunch 4. enjoys/ eats 5. shops 6. Sometimes 7. think 8. early 9. walk 10. needs 六、【语篇导读】本文就如何健康生活提出了五点建议。 1. C提示:细节理解题。根据文中五个黑点引出的段落可知,作者给我们五点建议。 2. A提示:细节理解题。根据文中第一点建议可知答案。 3. B提示:细节理解题。根据文中第三点建议可知答案。 4. B提示:细节理解题。根据文中第二点建议可知答案。 5. B提示:标题归纳题。通读全文可知,作者就如何保持健康提出了几点建议,因此选项B 最适合作标题。 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$