Unit 3 Sea ExplorationVocabulary词汇(课件)2024-2025学年英语人教版(2020)选择性必修第四册同步课

Unit 3　Sea Exploration The Ming Dynasty desired to strengthen the bonds with some western countries and between 1405 and 1433, seven large fleets under the command of Zheng He set sail from the South China Sea. They sailed across the Indian Ocean to the east coast of Africa, along the marine channels which had been extended by the former merchants and explorers.They took gold, silk and spices to the African royal families and negotiated trade deals with them. Meanwhile, with advanced weapons in hand, they had mercy on rather than exploited, murdered or arrested the people in other countries, who in turn applauded them. They also logged many tales that had happened along the way. Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433, these fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time. Today, to reach out across the sea remains a strong desire. And the ancient routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the aim to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas. fable 寓言 legend 半真实的历史传说myth 神话体系 fairy tale 童话 tall tale 夸张的故事 tell tales 打小报告 trader businessman dealer commerce commercial commercialized 近义词: depart; embark 反义词： dock；anchor tale merchant set sail There are plans to extend the no-smoking area. Careful maintenance can extend the life of your car. The company plans to extend its operations into Europe. Our land extends as far as the river. He extended his hand to the new employee. The offer does not extend to employees' partners. I would like to extend thanks to individuals who responded to my questions. 提供；给予 伸展，舒展，展开 延伸（距离）；延续（时间） 适用于；包括 延长；使延期 扩大…的范围或影响 使伸长；扩大；扩展 同根词：extension；extensive 形近词：extent (to some extent);expand 近义词：stretch（拉伸）, prolong（时间延长） 2018年完形填空 The deadline was originally set for Friday, but the professor agreed to ______ it by two days. 使伸长；扩大；扩展 (1)If you are in need of a deadline (extend), simply explain the situation to your professor. (2)The plan will extend protection a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected. extension to (3)这些课程每周一节，每节课两小时，持续22周以上。与去年的这门课程相比，持续时间延长了两周。(话题写作之学校生活) These courses are based on a weekly two-hour class, extending over a period of twenty-two weeks. Compared with last year’s course, the duration extends by two weeks (4)我要由衷感谢这些年来为我们做了很多的全体老师。 I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to all my teachers who have done so much for us over the years. negotiate [nɪˈɡoʊʃieɪt] 近义词：bargain(讨价还价), mediate（调解） 反义词：dictate(命令), impose（强加） 同根词： negotiation；negotiator；negotiable naval fleet （海军舰队）   commercial fleet（商业船队/车队）   fleet of taxis （出租车车队）   fleet 2019年江苏卷完型： The union leaders ________ with the management for better working conditions. （古语/文学）to see or observe, often with awe Behold! 感叹句，意为“看啊！” behold the beauty 欣赏美景   As the sun rose, the travelers beheld a magnificent castle.   Behold! The king has arrived! in league with 与…勾结 the League of Nations 国际联盟   sports league 体育联赛 in a league of one’s own second to none in a class by oneself   stand out from the crowd Behold league  spice② a spice of life 生活的调味品（比喻多样性）   add spice to the dull routine    royal Both powers withdrew their forces from the region. I'd like to withdraw ￡250 please. The newspaper withdrew the allegations the next day. They announced the withdrawal of 12 000 troops from the area. 撤回，撤离 提，取（银行账户中的款） 收回说过的话 同根词：withdrawal 近义词：retreat（撤退）  反义词：deposit（存款）, advance（前进） 短语： withdraw + 具体对象（钱/文件）  withdraw cash withdraw from + 抽象事物（活动/组织）  withdraw from a race  withdraw to 退入; 撤退到  2019年全国卷完形填空：    The government decided to ______ the controversial policy. withdraw [wɪðˈdrɔ] 收回（发言、意见等） 提取（存款等） 拿回withdraw （基本义） “拿回”发言、意见等 “拿回”存款等 （使）撤离；（使）退出 使人从活动或组织中“拿回” 脱离社会；不与人交往 从社交活动中“拿回”自己 channel④ 近义词 pathway（路径）, medium（媒介）  direct（引导）   形近词  tunnel 隧道  canal 运河  短语 channel one's energy into 把精力投入 2020年浙江卷阅读：   Social media has become a key channel for information.   channel [ˈtʃænl] 航道；水道channel 基本义 水流的“航道；水道” 传递物品、信息等的“航道；水道” 观看电视节目的“航道；水道” 海峡；水渠；航道 途径；渠道 频道 maritime marine bond② 近义词： connection（联系）, tie（纽带）   attach（附着）   反义词： separation（分离）  detach（分离） 短语：  strengthen the bond  2022年全国卷阅读：     Shared experiences create a strong bond between teammates. 近义:available ; under control  反义:out of hand  易混淆短语： at hand 近在手边；在附近 by hand 手工，用手的 hand in hand 手挽手；密切关联 give sb a hand 帮助……；施以援手        With all the data in hand, we can make a decision.   in hand 有了所有的数据，我们就可以做出决定了。 用hand的相关短语填空 (1)As an old saying goes，“Success and failure always go .” (2)Having enough data ，we can set out to hold the press conference as scheduled. (3)Meanwhile，you’d better keep a dictionary close so that you can look up unfamiliar words in it. (4)Even for personal letters，the merchant would rather use a computer than write . in hand hand in hand at hand by hand (5)On the one hand，computers extend our vision；__________________， they also bring about some harmful problems. (6)Whenever I am in trouble，it is you who without hesitation. give me a hand on the other (hand) political politics politician policy 近义词：  occupation career   反义词：  amateur    profession 2017年天津卷 Teaching is not just a job; it's a ________ that requires patience and passion. 近义词：blend（混合物）, combination（组合）   反义词：  pure substance（纯净物）   形近词 ：mature（adj. 成熟的） mixture Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1.withdraw (1)I wanted to withdraw $4,000 from my bank account. (2)I heard you are going to withdraw from the speech class. (2021·浙江1月) (3)Sensing his mistake，the minister withdrew his statement later. A.退出　B.收回(发言、意见等)　C.提取(存款等) ____ ____ ____ C A B 2.bond (1)The new type of glue bonds a variety of surfaces in seconds. (2)The following day，the taxi driver was released on $5,000 bond. (3)It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.(2020·全国Ⅱ) (4)Social bonds are created among individuals when they share their arts experiences through reflection and discussion...(2021·天津) A.n.纽带；关系　B.n.保释金　C.vt.使牢固结合　D.v.增强信任关系 ____ ____ ____ ____ C B D A 1. There’s an interesting programme on channel 4 tonight. _________ 2. We must open the channels of communication between the two countries. _________ 3. If you have nothing to declare, go through the green channel. _________ 4. England is separated from France by the English Channel. _________ 频道 绿色通道 途径 / 渠道 英吉利海峡 laptop press conference press④ coverage② cover n. v discover v. recover v. uncover v. In a pinch, dab on a little honey and then cover with a bandage. Why should I cover up for him? news/media coverage 新闻/媒体报道 insurance coverage 保险范围 forest coverage 森林覆盖率 包庇某人 覆盖 cover v （基本义） 用某物覆盖某物 覆盖；遮盖 覆盖多个抽象事物 覆盖距离或空间 覆盖新闻事件 覆盖费用、花销 涵盖；包括； 涉及；处理 走完（一段路程）；占地 采访；报道 足以支付； 够付 覆盖范围 （书、节目、课程等的）内容范围；信息范围 保险范围 新闻报道 coverage cover ①They went through a wheat-growing province and saw farms that covered thousands of acres. ②To cover the cost of hiring a bus,each student will have to pay $10 each time. 　　 ③A journalism was sent immediately to cover the forum held in Hangzhou. 　  　　 ④No dictionaries can cover all the English idioms. 　　　  覆盖 支付 报道 涵盖 applaud applause thunderous applause 暴风雨般的掌声 a burst of applause 一阵掌声 erupt in applause爆发出热烈的掌声 当这位害羞的学生结束演讲时，空气凝固了一瞬——随后全班爆发出掌声，他们用力鼓掌，让她热泪盈眶。高潮场景（观众热烈反应） As the shy student finished her speech, a moment of silence hung in the air—then the entire class erupted in applause, their hands applauding so fiercely that her eyes welled up with tears. tax personal income tax tariff /ˈtærɪf/ manned spacecraft They heard a manly voice shout. For the unmanned vehicle to run safely, one of the most important factors is safe navigation. This process can be seen in both natural and manmade objects. 男子气概的 无人驾驶汽车 人工制品 随着人工智能的发展，无人驾驶汽车已经成为现代社会不可或缺的一部分，使交通更安全、更高效。 With the development of AI, unmanned vehicles have become an indispensable part of modern society, making transportation safer and more efficient. submersible submarine submerge② emerge underwater /ˌsʌbməˈriːn/ /səbˈmɜːdʒ/ capsule② coral coral reef migration migrant migrate immigration immigrant immigrate directory direct directly director direction directionless catalogue 目录 category 种类 meanwhile in the meanwhile meantime at the meantime 感谢您在我住院期间照顾我的猫。与此同时，您的善意不仅帮助了她，也减轻了我的担忧。(感谢信) Thank you for taking care of my cat while I was hospitalized. In the meantime, your kindness not only helped her but also eased my worries. 2. 我的订单已延迟5天。在此期间，我工作急需该商品。请立即解决问题或退款。(投诉信) My order is already 5 days overdue. In the meantime, I urgently need this item for work. Please resolve this issue immediately or offer a refund. He exploited his father's name to get himself a job. What is being done to stop employers from exploiting young people? She fully exploits the humour of her role in the play. No minerals have yet been exploited in Antarctica. 利用...为自己牟利 压榨；剥削 发挥 开发 gallon exploit He was found guilty of murder. She answered in a faint murmur. She mustered her courage and spoke in front of 500 people. 谋杀 召集； 鼓起勇气 低语 modern moderate modest model They showed little mercy to the prisoners. The little ship was at the mercy of the storm. The merciful king saved him from death. 对...毫不留情 受...支配 仁慈的 at the mercy of 任凭……的摆布；在……的支配中 show mercy to =have mercy on 怜悯…… without mercy 残忍地；毫无同情心地 It is a mercy that... 很幸运…… 1. The ancient building was left at the mercy of the weather. __________ 2. They showed little mercy to the enemies. __________ 3. I hope they have mercy on the poor man. __________ 4. She showed mercy to the abandoned child. She is a merciful lady. __________ 完全受……支配 毫不留情 对……表示怜悯 慈悲的 The leader is such a man and always has mercy __________ those poor people but sometimes he can be to bad persons.(mercy) 2. 在失去引擎动力之后，这艘船只好任凭风暴摆布。 Having lost engine power， . 3. 飓风毫无仁慈地肆虐，掀翻屋顶如同撕纸般轻易。 The hurricane raged without mercy, tearing roofs off houses like a child ripping paper. merciful on/upon merciless the ship had to be at the mercy of the storm possess 是正式用语，常表示拥有、占有，并控制和支配财物等。还可用来指具有某种品质、才能、特点或性能等。 have 是普通用词，语义广泛。表示“拥有”之意时，无原因或理由可言，也不表明拥有者和被拥有者之间的任何关系。 own 表示对某物有自然的或合法的拥有权，多指所属关系，不管所属物是否在物主手中。 When her father died, she came into possession of a large fortune. Of all possessions a friend is the most precious. Foreign visitors are required to be in possession of a passport. That picture is in the possession of Tom. We’ve already bought the house but we won’t take possession of it until May. 继承财产 财产（常用复数） 拥有 被拥有 占领 possessions belongings goods property ①in charge of 主管；看管；负责 in the charge of... 被掌管；由……负责 ②in control of 控制；管理 in the control of... 被……控制 ③in possession of 占有；拥有 in the possession of 被占有；为……所有 1.这款最新的笔记本电脑是汤姆的，也就是说汤姆拥有这款最新款的笔记本电脑。 The latest laptop is Tom，which means that Tom is the latest laptop. 2.幸福不是渴望我们没有的东西，而是享受我们所拥有的东西。 Happiness is not wishing for what we don’t have，but ________________ _________________________________________. 3. 请记住，只有拥有良好的心态，你才能获得成功。 Keep in mind that_______________________________________________ __________________________. in the possession of in possession of enjoying what we possess/take possession of/are in possession of only if you possess/are possessed of a good state of mind will you attain success opponent oppose refuse reject object marine log 英语单词 log 指尚未切割的原木，但又常常用来表示“日志”，尤其是航海日志、飞行日志。“原木”和“日志”之间到底有什么关系呢？ 古人在驾驶帆船出海远航时，常常采用在桅杆上刻道的方法来记录日期，这就是最原始的航海日志了。由于桅杆是用原木（log）做的，所以记录在桅杆上的日志自然也就被称为“log”了。 keep a log phone / call logs sleep like a log / baby log④ log in / on log out / off arrest④ arrest sb. for sth. 因为某事逮捕某人 be under arrest 被捕 heart arrest 心脏骤停 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1.Many people had their (possess) buried under the ruins，thus becoming homeless. 2.The prime minister of the country was once a (profession) athlete as well as a licensed lawyer. 3.He doesn’t have the freedom to choose what he likes，so I have mercy him. 4.I negotiated other sponsors of the exhibition about how to organize it perfectly. possessions on/upon professional with 5.For some reason，I withdrew a handful of grand clubs and I will never join them again. 6.The (cover) proved to be out of line with the truth was deleted. 7.It’s said that an open-air barbecue will be scheduled，whose aim is ____________(strengthen) the bond of the employees. 8.Do keep in mind that my assistance will be hand whenever you need it. from coverage to strengthen at 9.This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its (mix) of modern and traditional Chinese elements. 10.All the merchants stayed silent，listened to me carefully and gave me a big round of (applaud) at the end. mixture applause $$