Unit 1 Science Fiction Review useful structures（分层练习）- 【上好课】2024-2025学年高二英语同步精品课堂（人教版2019选择性必修第四册）

Unit 1 Review useful structures 分层练习 一、语法知识回顾 （一）写出下列时态的被动语态构成形式 1. 一般现在时：____________________ 2. 一般过去时：____________________ 3. 一般将来时：____________________ 4. 现在进行时：____________________ 5. 过去进行时：____________________ 6. 现在完成时：____________________ 7. 过去完成时：____________________ （二）单项选择 1. The new bridge __________ by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed 2. —Have you moved into the new house? —Not yet. The rooms __________. A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. have been painted 3. The computer, which was used to calculate, __________ in 1946. A. was built B. is built C. will be built D. has been built 4. A lot of tall buildings __________ in my hometown in the past few years. A. have set up B. have been set up C. were set up D. set up 5. The sports meeting __________ next week. A. will hold B. is going to hold C. will be held D. is held 二、用括号内所给动词的正确被动语态形式填空 1. The problem __________ (discuss) at the meeting now. 2. The old temple __________ (repair) last year. 3. A new hospital __________ (build) in our city next year. 4. The work __________ (finish) by the end of this month. 5. These books __________ (translate) into many languages since they were published. 6. When I got to the school, I found that the windows of the classroom __________ (clean). 7. Look! The trees in the garden __________ (water) by the gardener. 8. The film __________ (show) many times since last Sunday. 三、句型转换，将下列主动语态句子变为被动语态句子 1. People speak English all over the world. → English ____________________ all over the world. 2. They built this bridge five years ago. → This bridge ____________________ five years ago. 3. We will hold a sports meeting next month. → A sports meeting ____________________ next month. 4. The workers are making these machines in the factory. → These machines ____________________ by the workers in the factory. 5. He has finished his homework. → His homework ____________________. 四、阅读理解 In the world of science fiction, robots have always been a popular topic. From the early stories of mechanical men to the advanced androids of today's movies and books, robots have captured our imagination. One of the most famous science fiction stories about robots is Isaac Asimov's “I, Robot”. In this collection of short stories, Asimov introduced the Three Laws of Robotics. These laws were designed to ensure that robots would always act in the best interests of humans. The first law states that a robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. The second law says that a robot must obey the orders given it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the first law. And the third law is that a robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the first or second law. Asimov's laws have had a huge influence on the way we think about robots in science fiction and in real life. Many scientists and engineers are working on developing robots that can follow these laws. However, creating robots with a sense of ethics (道德规范) is not an easy task. There are many philosophical and technological problems to solve. Another well - known science fiction work about robots is the movie “The Matrix”. In this film, robots have taken over the world and humans are kept in a virtual reality (虚拟现实) world. The robots use humans as a source of energy. “The Matrix” raises many questions about the relationship between humans and technology, and what it means to be human. Science fiction stories about robots not only entertain us but also make us think about the future of technology and its impact on our lives. They inspire us to imagine new possibilities and to consider the potential consequences of our technological advancements. 1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The history of robots in science fiction. B. Famous science fiction works about robots. C. The Three Laws of Robotics introduced by Asimov. D. The influence of science fiction on the development of robots. 2. According to Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics, a robot ________. A. can harm a human being if necessary B. doesn't have to obey human orders C. must protect its own existence at all costs D. should act in a way that benefits humans 3. Why is it difficult to create robots with a sense of ethics? A. Because there are many philosophical and technological problems. B. Because scientists and engineers don't agree on the laws. C. Because robots are not advanced enough. D. Because it is not necessary for robots to have ethics. 4. What questions does the movie “The Matrix” raise? A. How to develop advanced robots. B. How to make robots follow the Three Laws of Robotics. C. The relationship between humans and technology and the nature of humanity. D. The future of science fiction. 五、七选五 Robots are no longer just a part of science fiction. 1.________ They are used in various fields, from manufacturing to healthcare, and are changing the way we live and work. In factories, robots can perform tasks with high precision and speed. 2.________ This not only increases productivity but also reduces the risk of human error. For example, in car manufacturing, robots can weld parts together with great accuracy, ensuring the quality of the cars. In the healthcare industry, robots are also making a big difference. 3.________ Some robots can assist doctors in surgeries, providing more stable and precise movements. Others can take care of patients, reminding them to take their medicine or helping them with daily activities. 4.________ They can explore dangerous places such as deep - sea areas, outer space, or disaster - stricken areas. For instance, robots can be sent to search for survivors in earthquake - hit areas, where it may be too dangerous for humans to enter immediately. However, the development of robots also brings some challenges. 5.________ There are also concerns about the impact of robots on employment, as they may replace some human jobs. A. They can work continuously without getting tired. B. They can help with tasks like lifting heavy objects. C. They are now a real and important part of our lives. D. One of the main concerns is about the safety of robots. E. Robots are also useful in dangerous and difficult environments. F. Robots are too expensive for most companies to afford. G. They can help doctors diagnose diseases more accurately. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Review useful structures 分层练习 一、语法知识回顾 （一）写出下列时态的被动语态构成形式 1. 一般现在时：____________________ 2. 一般过去时：____________________ 3. 一般将来时：____________________ 4. 现在进行时：____________________ 5. 过去进行时：____________________ 6. 现在完成时：____________________ 7. 过去完成时：____________________ （二）单项选择 1. The new bridge __________ by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed 2. —Have you moved into the new house? —Not yet. The rooms __________. A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. have been painted 3. The computer, which was used to calculate, __________ in 1946. A. was built B. is built C. will be built D. has been built 4. A lot of tall buildings __________ in my hometown in the past few years. A. have set up B. have been set up C. were set up D. set up 5. The sports meeting __________ next week. A. will hold B. is going to hold C. will be held D. is held 二、用括号内所给动词的正确被动语态形式填空 1. The problem __________ (discuss) at the meeting now. 2. The old temple __________ (repair) last year. 3. A new hospital __________ (build) in our city next year. 4. The work __________ (finish) by the end of this month. 5. These books __________ (translate) into many languages since they were published. 6. When I got to the school, I found that the windows of the classroom __________ (clean). 7. Look! The trees in the garden __________ (water) by the gardener. 8. The film __________ (show) many times since last Sunday. 三、句型转换，将下列主动语态句子变为被动语态句子 1. People speak English all over the world. → English ____________________ all over the world. 2. They built this bridge five years ago. → This bridge ____________________ five years ago. 3. We will hold a sports meeting next month. → A sports meeting ____________________ next month. 4. The workers are making these machines in the factory. → These machines ____________________ by the workers in the factory. 5. He has finished his homework. → His homework ____________________. 四、阅读理解 In the world of science fiction, robots have always been a popular topic. From the early stories of mechanical men to the advanced androids of today's movies and books, robots have captured our imagination. One of the most famous science fiction stories about robots is Isaac Asimov's “I, Robot”. In this collection of short stories, Asimov introduced the Three Laws of Robotics. These laws were designed to ensure that robots would always act in the best interests of humans. The first law states that a robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. The second law says that a robot must obey the orders given it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the first law. And the third law is that a robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the first or second law. Asimov's laws have had a huge influence on the way we think about robots in science fiction and in real life. Many scientists and engineers are working on developing robots that can follow these laws. However, creating robots with a sense of ethics (道德规范) is not an easy task. There are many philosophical and technological problems to solve. Another well - known science fiction work about robots is the movie “The Matrix”. In this film, robots have taken over the world and humans are kept in a virtual reality (虚拟现实) world. The robots use humans as a source of energy. “The Matrix” raises many questions about the relationship between humans and technology, and what it means to be human. Science fiction stories about robots not only entertain us but also make us think about the future of technology and its impact on our lives. They inspire us to imagine new possibilities and to consider the potential consequences of our technological advancements. 1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The history of robots in science fiction. B. Famous science fiction works about robots. C. The Three Laws of Robotics introduced by Asimov. D. The influence of science fiction on the development of robots. 2. According to Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics, a robot ________. A. can harm a human being if necessary B. doesn't have to obey human orders C. must protect its own existence at all costs D. should act in a way that benefits humans 3. Why is it difficult to create robots with a sense of ethics? A. Because there are many philosophical and technological problems. B. Because scientists and engineers don't agree on the laws. C. Because robots are not advanced enough. D. Because it is not necessary for robots to have ethics. 4. What questions does the movie “The Matrix” raise? A. How to develop advanced robots. B. How to make robots follow the Three Laws of Robotics. C. The relationship between humans and technology and the nature of humanity. D. The future of science fiction. 五、七选五 Robots are no longer just a part of science fiction. 1.________ They are used in various fields, from manufacturing to healthcare, and are changing the way we live and work. In factories, robots can perform tasks with high precision and speed. 2.________ This not only increases productivity but also reduces the risk of human error. For example, in car manufacturing, robots can weld parts together with great accuracy, ensuring the quality of the cars. In the healthcare industry, robots are also making a big difference. 3.________ Some robots can assist doctors in surgeries, providing more stable and precise movements. Others can take care of patients, reminding them to take their medicine or helping them with daily activities. 4.________ They can explore dangerous places such as deep - sea areas, outer space, or disaster - stricken areas. For instance, robots can be sent to search for survivors in earthquake - hit areas, where it may be too dangerous for humans to enter immediately. However, the development of robots also brings some challenges. 5.________ There are also concerns about the impact of robots on employment, as they may replace some human jobs. A. They can work continuously without getting tired. B. They can help with tasks like lifting heavy objects. C. They are now a real and important part of our lives. D. One of the main concerns is about the safety of robots. E. Robots are also useful in dangerous and difficult environments. F. Robots are too expensive for most companies to afford. G. They can help doctors diagnose diseases more accurately. 答案 一、语法知识回顾 （一）写出下列时态的被动语态构成形式 1. am/is/are + 过去分词 2. was/were + 过去分词 3. will be + 过去分词 / am/is/are going to be + 过去分词 4. am/is/are being + 过去分词 5. was/were being + 过去分词 6. has/have been + 过去分词 7. had been + 过去分词 （二）单项选择 1. B。by the end of last month是过去完成时的标志，且bridge和design之间是被动关系，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。 2. A。根据Not yet可知房间还在粉刷，用现在进行时的被动语态表示“正在被粉刷”。 3. A。in 1946是过去时间，computer和build是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。 4. B。in the past few years是现在完成时的标志，buildings和set up是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态。 5. C。next week是将来时间，sports meeting和hold是被动关系，用一般将来时的被动语态。 二、用括号内所给动词的正确被动语态形式填空 1. is being discussed 2. was repaired 3. will be built 4. will have been finished 5. have been translated 6. had been cleaned 7. are being watered 8. has been shown 三、句型转换，将下列主动语态句子变为被动语态句子 1. is spoken 2. was built 3. will be held 4. are being made 5. has been finished 四、阅读理解 1. B 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了Isaac Asimov的 “I, Robot” 和电影 “The Matrix” 这两部著名的关于机器人的科幻作品，所以B选项正确。 2. D 细节理解题。根据第二段中 “These laws were designed to ensure that robots would always act in the best interests of humans.” 可知机器人应该以对人类有益的方式行动，D选项正确。 3. A 细节理解题。根据第三段中 “However, creating robots with a sense of ethics (道德规范) is not an easy task. There are many philosophical and technological problems to solve.” 可知因为有很多哲学和技术问题，所以很难创造有道德感的机器人，A选项正确。 4. C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中 “‘The Matrix’ raises many questions about the relationship between humans and technology, and what it means to be human.” 可知电影 “The Matrix” 提出了人类与技术的关系以及人性本质的问题，C选项正确。 五、七选五 1. C 前文说机器人不再只是科幻的一部分，C选项“它们现在是我们生活中真实且重要的一部分”承接上文，符合语境，故选C。 2. A 前文提到机器人能高精度、高速度地执行任务，A选项“它们可以持续工作而不感到疲倦”进一步说明机器人工作的优势，符合语境，故选A。 3. G 此段讲机器人在医疗行业的作用，G选项“它们可以帮助医生更准确地诊断疾病”符合医疗行业的语境，故选G。 4. E 后文提到机器人可以探索危险的地方，E选项“机器人在危险和困难的环境中也很有用”引出后文内容，符合语境，故选E。 5. D 前文说机器人发展带来挑战，后文提到对就业的担忧，D选项“主要担忧之一是机器人的安全问题”符合语境，与后文并列说明机器人发展带来的问题，故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$