专题2 代词七大要点归纳(讲义)-河南省2026年对口升学一轮复习《英语知识点清单》(原卷版+解析版)

2025-04-27
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学段 中职
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 -
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 词汇知识,词法知识
使用场景 中职复习-一轮复习
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 河南省
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 1.45 MB
发布时间 2025-04-27
更新时间 2025-04-27
作者 真好教育在线课堂
品牌系列 上好课·一轮讲练测
审核时间 2025-04-27
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来源 学科网

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编写说明:河南省2026年对口升学一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》(2020年版),省编复习指导和历年真题编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本清单共三大部分:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。 本专题是河南省2026年对口升学一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第2个专题,内容为代词。 2026年河南省对口升学一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题2 代词(讲+练) ( 【考点解读】 近5年河南省对口升学考试真题选择填空中,代词共出现了5道题,涉及人称代词1道;物主代词1道;不定代词2道;it用法1道 。 在之前的真题中涉及人称代词和不定代词较多;物主代词,反身代词,指示代词和疑问代词均有涉及,但考查频次较低。 ) 【知识点清单一】人称代词的用法 【要点精讲】 1.人称代词是用来指代人或事物的词,分为主格和宾格 形 式 人 称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 我 我们 你 你们 他 她 它 他们 主格 I we you you he she it they 宾格 me us you you him her it them 2.人称代词的句法功能 形式 句法功能 示例 主格 作主语 1. He always knows the best coffee shops in town. (他总是知道镇上最好的咖啡店。)2. We decided to have a picnic by the lake this weekend. (我们决定这个周末去湖边野餐。) 宾格 作宾语 1. Can you give me a hand with this heavy box? (你能帮我搬一下这个重箱子吗?)2. They invited us to their housewarming party. (他们邀请我们参加他们的乔迁派对。) 作表语 1. The winner of the race is her. (比赛的获胜者是她。) 2. When it comes to cooking, it is definitely him who makes the best dishes. (说到烹饪,做菜做得最好的就是他。) 【即时训练】 1.When I told my friend the good news, _____ was very excited and jumped up and down. A. he B. him C. his D. himself 2.When I arrived home, I found my little brother waiting for me with a big smile. He was so happy to see _____. A. I B. me C. my D. mine 3.—Hey, did you see the new movie last night? —Yeah, _____watched it together. It was really exciting! A. we B. us C. they D. them 4. I saw Sarah and Tom at the library yesterday. I greeted_____ , and they smiled back. A. they B. them C. she D. her 5.—Who is the best player in your team? —It’s_____ . I scored the most points in the last game. A. I B. me C. mine D. myself 【知识点清单二】物主代词的用法 【要点精讲】 1.物主代词就是人称代词的所有格,分为形容词性和名词性 类 型 词 义 我的 你的 他(她/它)的 我们的 你们的 他(她/它)们的 形容词性 物主代词 my your his、her、its our your their 名词性 物主代词 mine yours his、hers、its ours yours theirs 2.物主代词的句法功能 类型 句法功能 示例 形容词性物主代词 作定语 1. My new phone has a great camera. (我的新手机有一个很棒的摄像头。) 2. Her favorite hobby is painting. (她最喜欢的爱好是绘画。) 名词性物主代词 作主语 1. Mine is the red car parked in front of the building. (我的车是停在大楼前面的那辆红色的车。) 2. Yours is the last piece of cake. (你的那块蛋糕是最后一块。) 作宾语 1. Can you give me mine? (你能把我的给我吗?) 2. She showed hers to everyone at the party. (她在派对上向每个人展示了她的。) 作表语 1. The best idea is his. (最好的主意是他的。)2. This book is theirs. (这本书是他们的。) 【即时训练】 1.This is ____ room. You can put your things here. A. your B. yours C. you D. yourself 2.Your book is boring. ______is the most interesting book I’ve ever read. A. I B. Mine C. My D. Me 3.The teacher asked us to exchange our notes. Lucy handed me ______, and I gave ______ to her.​ A. hers; mine​ B. her; my​ C. hers; my​ D. her; mine 4.— Can I borrow ______ e-reader? ______ is out of battery.​ — Sure, here you are.​ A. your; My​ B. yours; Mine​ C. your; Mine​ D. yours; My 5.— Whose mobile phone is this?​ — It must be ______. ______ is still in the box.​ A. yours; Mine​ B. your; My​ C. yours; My​ D. your; Mine​ 【知识点清单三】指示代词的用法 【要点精讲】 1.指示代词用来指代说话者和听话者共同熟悉的人或物的代词。 指示代词 用法 示 例 this 一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物 This is my new watch. It’s really cool! (这是我的新手表,它真的很酷!) these These are the photos I took on my trip. (这些是我旅行时拍的照片。) that 常指时间或空间上较远的人或物 That is the building where I work. (那是我工作的大楼。) those Those are the mountains we climbed last summer. (那些是我们去年夏天爬过的山。) such 所修饰的词如果有不定冠词,应放在其后 She is such a kind person that everyone likes to be friends with her.(她是如此善良的一个人,以至于每个人都喜欢和她做朋友。) same 前面必须有the或this,that,these,those等词 We go to the same school, but we are in different classes.(我们上同一所学校,但我们在不同的班级。) 2.指示代词的特殊用法。 场合 用法 示例 打电话 this指代自己;that指代对方 This is John speaking. Who’s that? (我是约翰,你是谁?) 在表示前后对比的句子结构中指代上文提到的名词 that代替前面提到的单数名词或不可数名词;those代替前面提到的复数名词 1.The climate of South China is much hotter than that of North China.(华南的气候比华北的气候要热得多。) 2.These apples are fresher than those in the fridge.(这些苹果比冰箱里的那些更新鲜。) 【即时训练】 1.— What’s ______ over there?​ — It’s a new sculpture made by our art teacher.​ A. this​ B. that​ C. these​ D. those 2._____ are my favorite books. I’ve read them several times.​ A. This​ B. That​ C. These​ D. We 3.— Hello, ______ is Mr. Smith. Is Mr. Johnson there?​ — Sorry, he’s out. Can I take a message?​ A. this​ B. that​ C. these​ D. those 4.The temperature in the desert during the day is much higher than ______ at night.​ A. this​ B. that​ C. these​ D. those 5.The buildings in the new district are taller and more modern than ______ in the old area.​ A. this​ B. that​ C. these​ D. those 6.He made ______ rapid progress in English that his teacher praised him in class. A. so B. such C. such a D. so a 7.My sister and I wear ______ size shoes, so we can share our shoes sometimes. A. a same B. the same C. same D. same a 【知识点清单四】疑问代词的用法 【要点精讲】 1.疑问代词是特殊疑问句中表示疑问内容的代词,即用来构成特殊疑问句的代词。 疑问代词 用法 示 例 who 指代人,作主语、宾语或表语 1.Who is coming to the party? (谁要来参加派对?) 2.I don’t know who he is talking to. (我不知道他在和谁说话。) 3.Who is it?(谁呀?) whom 指代人,作宾语 Whom did you give the book to? (你把书给了谁?) whose 指代人或物,作定语或表语 1.Whose book is this? (这是谁的书?) 2.Whose is this shirt?(这衬衣是谁的?) what 指代物,作主语、宾语、表语或定语 1.What is your favorite color? (你最喜欢的颜色是什么?) 2.I don’t know what you mean. (我不知道你的意思。) 3.What's that in English?(那用英语怎么说?) 4.What number is Jim’s car?(吉姆的车牌号是多少?) which 指代人或物,作主语、宾语、或定语 1.Which is your favorite book? (哪本书是你最喜欢的?) 2.I don’t know which to choose. (我不知道该选哪一个。) 3.Which book do you want to read? (你想读哪本书?) 【即时训练】 1.— ______ is the man over there? — He is our new math teacher. A. Who B. Whom C. Whose D. What 2.The teacher wants to know ______ you talked to after class. A. which B. whom C. whose D. what 3.— ______ umbrella is this? — It's mine. A. Who B. Whom C. Whose D. What 4.— ______ is in the box? — There is a toy in it. A. Who B. Whom C. Whose D. What 5.— ______ of these two shirts do you prefer? — I prefer the blue one. A. Who B. Whom C. Which D. What 【知识点清单五】反身代词的用法 1.反身代词用于指代某人或某物自己。第一人称和第二人称的反身代词由“形容词性物主代词+self/selves”构成;第三人称反身代词由“人称代词的宾格+self/selves”构成。 数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself yourself himself/ herself/ itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves 2.反身代词的句法功能 反身代词 功能 示例 myself 宾语、表语或同位语 I can do it myself. (我可以自己做这件事。) ourselves We should take care of ourselves. (我们应该照顾好自己。) yourself You need to believe in yourself. (你需要相信自己。) yourselves You should help yourselves to some snacks. (你们可以随意吃些小吃。) himself/ herself/ itself He introduced himself to the group. (他向大家做了自我介绍。) themselves They looked after themselves. (他们照顾了自己。) 3.反身代词的固定搭配 介词+反身代词 动词+反身代词 by oneself(独自) enjoy oneself(玩得高兴) for oneself(为自己) teach oneself(自学) in oneself(就其本身来说) help oneself to(随便吃,随便用) to oneself(自己享用) devote oneself to(致力于) of oneself(独自,自发地) dress oneself(自己穿衣) come to oneself(恢复知觉,醒来) be oneself (处于正常状态) talk to oneself(自言自语) make oneself at home(像在自己家里一样) say to oneself(心里想) make oneself understood(使自己被理解) 【即时训练】 1.The little girl can dress ______ without her mother’s help now. A. himself B. herself C. itself D. themselves 2.We enjoyed ______ at the beach last weekend. The sunshine and sea made us so happy. A. myself B. yourself C. ourselves D. themselves 3.Don’t worry about me. I can finish the work by ______. A. myself B. yourself C. himself D. itself 4.The dog hurt ______ when it jumped off the chair. A. himself B. herself C. itself D. themselves 5.Help ______ to some fruit, children. There’s plenty for everyone. A. yourself B. yourselves C. myself D. themselves 【知识点清单六】不定代词的用法 1.some与any some any 用法 示例 用法 示例 场合 肯定句 用于复数名词前表示“一些” There are some students in the classroom. (教室里有一些学生。) 用于不可数名词前表示“任何” You may come at any time. (你任何时候来都行。) 用于不可数名词前表示“一些” There is some water in the bottle.(瓶子里有一些水。) 用于单数可数名词前表示“任何” You can choose any color you want. (你可以选择任何你想要的颜色。) 用于单数可数名词前表示“某一” She went to some place in England. (她去了英国某个地方。) 在条件句中表示“任何” If you need any help, just let me know. (如果你需要任何帮助,就告诉我。 疑问句 表示请求、邀请或征求意见或期望得到肯定回答 Would you like some orange juice? (喝点橙汁怎么样?) 用于名词复数前表示“一些” Are there any apples left? (还有一些苹果吗?) 用于不可数名词前表示“一些” Do you have any water? (你有一些水吗?) 否定句 \ 用于复数名词前表示“一些” I don’t have any friends here. (这里我没有朋友。) 用于不可数名词前表示“一些” There isn’t any water in the bottle. (瓶子里没有水。) 2.either与neither 词汇 意义 用法 示例 either 两者中任一 either作定语 Either team can win the match. (这两支队伍中的任何一支都可能赢得比赛。) 两个中的任一 either of...作主语或宾语 You can take either of these two books. (你可以拿这两本书中的任何一本。) 要么……要么…… either...or...(并列连词)并列两项内容表选择 Either you or I will go to the meeting.(要么你去开会,要么我去开会。) neither 两者都不 neither作定语 Neither book is interesting.(两本书都没意思。) neither of... 作主语或宾语 Neither of the answers is correct. (两个答案都不正确。) neither...nor...(并列连词)并列两项内容都不 Neither John nor Mary likes to play soccer. (约翰和玛丽都不喜欢踢足球。) 3.both与all 词汇 意义 用法 示例 both 两者都 作主语、宾语、定语和同位语 1.Both of them are retired workers.(他们两人都是退休工人。) 2.I like both of these movies. (我喜欢这两部电影。)3.Both answers are correct. (两个答案都是正确的。) 4.We both like shopping online.(我们俩都喜欢网购。) all 指三者或三者以上都 1.All of the students are in the classroom. (所有的学生都在教室里。) 2.She invited all of her friends to the party. (她邀请了她所有的朋友参加派对。) 3.All the books on the table are mine. (桌子上的所有书都是我的。) 4.The students all won the competition. (学生们都赢得了比赛。) 4.many与much 词汇 意义 用法 示例 many 许多 修饰或代替复数可数名词 Many of the shops were run by Asians. (这些商店中有许多是由亚洲人经营的。) much 修饰或代替不可数名词 Much of the land was flooded. (大片土地被水淹没。) 5.little,a little与few,a few 场合 词汇 用法 示例 后接 不可数名词 little 表示数量很少或几乎没有, 强调“少”,含有否定意义 There is little time left. (几乎没剩下什么时间了。) a little 强调“有”,含有肯定意义 We still have a little time. (我们还有点时间。) 后接 可数名词复数 few 表示数量很少或几乎没有, 强调“少”,含有否定意义 Very few people know that. (几乎没人知道那件事。) a few 强调“有”,含有肯定意义 I’d like to say a few words. (我想讲几句话。) 6.each与every 词汇 强调重点 适用范围 句法功能 与of连用 特殊用法 each 强调个体 两者或两者以上 做主语、宾语、定语、同位语 可以 each other(互相) every 强调总体 三者或三者以上 只能做定语 不可以 每隔…… 7.other,the other, others与another 词汇 意义 用法 示例 other 另一些 泛指复数,后加复数名词 We learn Chinese, English, Maths and other subjects. (我们学习语文、英语、数学和其他科目。) the other 另一个,另一部分 指两者(两部分)中的另一个(另一部分) The other one was much too expensive. (另一个太贵了。) Our host introduced us to the other guests. (主人把我们介绍给了其他客人。) others 另一些 泛指复数 For some, shopping is an art; for others, it’s a sport. (对一些人来说,购物是一种艺术;对其他人,是一种运动。) another 另一个、再、又 三者或以上中另一个、再、又 I don’t like this one. Please show me another. (我不喜欢这一个,请再给我一个。) 8.复合不定代词 body (人) one (人) thing (物) some- somebody someone something any- anybody anyone anything every- everybody everyone everything no- nobody no one nothing 9.any one of..., every one of...,none of... 词汇 意义 用法 示例 any one of... ……中的任何一个 作主语、宾语 1.Does any one of you like the song? (你们中有任何人喜欢这首歌吗?) 2.I will take any one of these books. (我会拿这些书中的任何一本。) every one of... ……中的每一个 Every one of them likes playing football. (他们中的每个人都喜欢踢球。) none of... ……中一个都没有 None of the ants go/goes out for food. (没有蚂蚁出去寻找食物。) 【即时训练】 1.— Would you like ______ coffee? — Yes, please. A. some B. any C. no D. none 2.There aren’t ______ apples left in the basket. We need to buy more. A. some B. any C. few D. little 3.You can choose ______ of the two books. They are both interesting. A. either B. neither C. none D. all 4.______ of the twins likes playing basketball. They prefer reading. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. All 5.______ my parents are teachers. They work in the same school. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. All 6.______ the students in our class passed the exam. We’re all happy! A. Either B. Neither C. Every D. All 7.I don’t have ______ time. The deadline is coming soon. A. many B. much C. few D. a few 8.______ people came to the concert, but there were still some empty seats. A. Many B. Much C. Little D. A little 9.There is ______ milk in the fridge. We have to buy some. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few 10.She has ______ friends here, so she often feels lonely. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few 11.______ of the children in the class has a new storybook. A. Each B. Every C. Both D. All 12.______ student in the school must follow the rules. A. Each B. Every C. Either D. Neither 13.I have two pens. One is red, and ______ is blue. A. other B. the other C. others D. another 14.Some students like math, while ______ prefer English. A. other B. the other C. others D. another 15.I’m still hungry. Can I have ______ piece of cake? A. other B. the others C. others D. another 16.______ is watching TV. Let’s go and find out who it is. A. Someone B. Anyone C. No one D. Everyone 17.______ of the problems is too difficult. You can solve them easily. A. Someone B. Anyone C. None D. Everyone 18.You can choose ______ one of these toys. They’re all free. A. any B. every C. none D. all 19.______ of the students in the group has finished the task. Great job! A. Any one B. Every one C. None D. Both 20.______ of the three boys likes playing football. They prefer basketball. A. Any one B. Every one C. None D. All 【知识点清单七】it的用法 情况 用法 示例 基本情形 代替刚提到的人、事和物 I love swimming. It keeps me fit. (我喜爱游泳。它使我身体健康。) 表示时间、距离、自然现象和环境等 It is eight o’clock.(八点了。) It was sunny yesterday.(昨天是晴天。) 指不明身份的人或婴儿,动物等 —Who is knocking at the door?(谁在敲门?) —It is me.(是我。) 形式主语 当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作句子主语时,为保持句子平衡,通常把真正的主语放在句末,而在句首使用形式主语it It + be + adj. for (of) sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事…… It is hard for him to make up his mind. (他很难下定决心。) It was foolish of her to say such words. (她说那样的话,真是太蠢了。) It is no use/good + doing... 做……是没有用的/没益处的 It is no good reading without understanding. (只阅读不理解没有好处。) It takes sb.+时间段+to do sth. 某人做某事花了……时间 It took me two days to finish reading this book. (读完这本书花了我两天的时间。) It’s high time to do sth. 或It is high time +主语+should+动词原型 到该做某事的时间了 It’s high time to have classes. = It’s high time we should have classes. (到该上课的时间了。) It is the +序数词/物主代词 time that+主语+现在完成时; It was the +序数词/物主代词 time + that +主语+过去完成时 It is my first time that I have won the match. (这是我第一次赢得了比赛。) It was the third time that he had broken the rule. (这是他第三次违反规定了。) It +be+时间段+before 过多长时间才…… It will be over a month before we end our classes. (过一个月我们才结束我们的课程。) It was long before he came back. (过了很久他才回来。) It was not long before the police caught the thief. (没过多久,警察就把小偷抓住了。) It is/ has been +时间段+since... It is two years since I joined the army.(我参军两年了。) 形式宾语 真正的宾语是不定式、动名词或从句并有宾语补足语。常跟形式宾语的动词,如think、find、believe、make、feel、consider等 1.I find it hard to remember English words. (我觉得记英语单词很难。) 2.We thought it no use complaining. (我们认为抱怨没用。) 3.I think it important that we should keep calm. (我认为我们保持镇静很重要。) 【即时训练】 1.— Who’s making so much noise outside? — ______ must be the boy playing football. A. He B. She C. It D. They 2.______ is about 2 kilometers from my home to the supermarket. A. This B. That C. It D. There 3._______ was extremely foggy this morning, which made it hard to drive to the new tech fair. A. This B. That C. It D. What 4.—Did you finish your homework, Tom? —Yes, I did. I finished ______ an hour ago. A. it B. that C. them D. one 5.In our class, everyone has to take turns to clean the classroom. Today is my turn, so I have to do _____ carefully. A. it B. that C. this D. one 6.I don’t think _____ possible to master a foreign language without much practice. A. this B. that C. so D. it 7.______ is important to keep learning new things, no matter how old we are. A. This B. That C. It D. One 8.______ no use crying about the bugs in the new mobile app. We should wait for the update. A. It B. Its C. It’s D. That’s 9.______ took my father three hours to repair the broken bike. A. This B. That C. It D. He 10.______ high time we went to bed. It’s too late. A. It’s B. Its C. That’s D. This is 11.______ is the second time that she has been to Beijing. A. It B. He C. She D. Its 12.______ will be a few weeks before the new smart home system is fully installed. A. It B. That C. This D.What 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 编写说明:河南省2026年对口升学一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》(2020年版),省编复习指导和历年真题编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本清单共三大部分:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。 本专题是河南省2026年对口升学一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第2个专题,内容为代词。 2026年河南省对口升学一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题2 代词(讲+练) ( 【考点解读】 近5年河南省对口升学考试真题选择填空中,代词共出现了5道题,涉及人称代词1道;物主代词1道;不定代词2道;it用法1道 。 在之前的真题中涉及人称代词和不定代词较多;物主代词,反身代词,指示代词和疑问代词均有涉及,但考查频次较低。 ) 【知识点清单一】人称代词的用法 【要点精讲】 1.人称代词是用来指代人或事物的词,分为主格和宾格 形 式 人 称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 我 我们 你 你们 他 她 它 他们 主格 I we you you he she it they 宾格 me us you you him her it them 2.人称代词的句法功能 形式 句法功能 示例 主格 作主语 1. He always knows the best coffee shops in town. (他总是知道镇上最好的咖啡店。)2. We decided to have a picnic by the lake this weekend. (我们决定这个周末去湖边野餐。) 宾格 作宾语 1. Can you give me a hand with this heavy box? (你能帮我搬一下这个重箱子吗?)2. They invited us to their housewarming party. (他们邀请我们参加他们的乔迁派对。) 作表语 1. The winner of the race is her. (比赛的获胜者是她。) 2. When it comes to cooking, it is definitely him who makes the best dishes. (说到烹饪,做菜做得最好的就是他。) 【即时训练】 1. When I told my friend the good news, _____ was very excited and jumped up and down. A. he B. him C. his D. himself 【答案】A 【解析】考查人称代词的用法。句意:当我告诉我的朋友这个好消息时,他非常兴奋,上蹿下跳。A. he 他,主格形式,在句子中作主语,这里指代“my friend”,符合“在句子中作主语表示某人很兴奋”的语境;B. him 他,宾格形式,只能作宾语,不能作主语;C. his 他的,形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词,不能作主语;D. himself 他自己,反身代词,不能作主语表示“某人兴奋”的意思。所以选A项。 2. When I arrived home, I found my little brother waiting for me with a big smile. He was so happy to see _____. A. I B. me C. my D. mine 【答案】B 【解析】考查人称代词的用法。句意:当我到家时,我发现我的小弟弟带着灿烂的笑容在等我。他很高兴见到我。A. I 我,主格形式,作主语;B. me 我,宾格形式,“see”是动词,后面接宾格作宾语,“see me”表示“见到我”,符合题意;C. my 我的,形容词性物主代词,不能作“see”的宾语;D. mine 我的,名词性物主代词,也不能作“see”的宾语。所以选B项。 3. —Hey, did you see the new movie last night? —Yeah, _____watched it together. It was really exciting! A. we B. us C. they D. them 【答案】A 【解析】考查人称代词的用法。句意:——嘿,你昨晚看那部新电影了吗?——是的,我们一起看的。真的很令人兴奋!A. we 我们,主格形式,作主语,“we watched it together”表示“我们一起看的”,符合对话语境;B. us 我们,宾格形式,不能作主语;C. they 他们,主格形式,但根据对话语境,是“我”和对方一起看的电影,不是“他们”;D. them 他们,宾格形式,不能作主语。所以选A项。 4. I saw Sarah and Tom at the library yesterday. I greeted_____ , and they smiled back. A. they B. them C. she D. her 【答案】B 【解析】考查人称代词的用法。句意:我昨天在图书馆看到了莎拉和汤姆。我跟他们打招呼,然后他们回以微笑。A. they 他们,主格形式,作主语;B. them 他们,宾格形式,“greeted”是动词,后面接宾格作宾语,“greeted them”表示“跟他们打招呼”,这里“them”指代“Sarah and Tom”,符合题意;C. she 她,主格形式,不能指代“Sarah and Tom”且不能作“greeted”的宾语;D. her 她,宾格形式或她的,形容词性物主代词,不能指代“Sarah and Tom”作“greeted”的宾语。所以选B项。 5. —Who is the best player in your team? —It’s_____ . I scored the most points in the last game. A. I B. me C. mine D. myself 【答案】B 【解析】考查人称代词的用法。句意:——你们队里谁是最佳球员?——是我。我在上一场比赛中得分最多。A. I 我,主格形式;B. me 我,宾格形式,用作表语;C. mine 我的,名词性物主代词,不符合“是我(最佳球员)”的表达;D. myself 我自己,反身代词,也不符合这里强调“是我”的语境。所以选B项。 【知识点清单二】物主代词的用法 【要点精讲】 1.物主代词就是人称代词的所有格,分为形容词性和名词性 类 型 词 义 我的 你的 他(她/它)的 我们的 你们的 他(她/它)们的 形容词性 物主代词 my your his、her、its our your their 名词性 物主代词 mine yours his、hers、its ours yours theirs 2.物主代词的句法功能 类型 句法功能 示例 形容词性物主代词 作定语 1. My new phone has a great camera. (我的新手机有一个很棒的摄像头。) 2. Her favorite hobby is painting. (她最喜欢的爱好是绘画。) 名词性物主代词 作主语 1. Mine is the red car parked in front of the building. (我的车是停在大楼前面的那辆红色的车。) 2. Yours is the last piece of cake. (你的那块蛋糕是最后一块。) 作宾语 1. Can you give me mine? (你能把我的给我吗?) 2. She showed hers to everyone at the party. (她在派对上向每个人展示了她的。) 作表语 1. The best idea is his. (最好的主意是他的。)2. This book is theirs. (这本书是他们的。) 【即时训练】 1. This is ____ room. You can put your things here. A. your B. yours C. you D. yourself 【答案】A 【解析】考查代词。句意:这是你的房间。你可以把你的东西放在这里。A. your“你的”,形容词性物主代词,修饰名词room;B. yours“你的(东西)”,名词性物主代词,后面不能接名词;C. you“你”,人称代词主格或宾格,在此处不能修饰名词;D. yourself“你自己”,反身代词,不符合句意。故选A项。 2. Your book is boring. ______ is the most interesting book I’ve ever read. A. I B. Mine C. My D. Me 【答案】B 【解析】考查代词。句意:你的书没意思。我的(书)是我读过的最有趣的书。A. I“我”,人称代词主格,作主语,不符合句意;B. Mine“我的(东西)”,名词性物主代词,相当于“My book”,在此处作主语,符合题意;C. My“我的”,形容词性物主代词,后面需接名词,不能单独作主语;D. Me“我”,人称代词宾格,作宾语,不符合句子结构。故选B项。 3. The teacher asked us to exchange our notes. Lucy handed me ______, and I gave ______ to her. A. hers; mine B. her; my C. hers; my D. her; mine 【答案】A 【解析】考查代词。句意:老师让我们交换笔记。露西把她的(笔记)递给我,我把我的(笔记)给了她。A. hers“她的(东西)”,名词性物主代词,相当于“her notes”;mine“我的(东西)”,名词性物主代词,相当于“my notes”,符合题意;B. her“她的”,形容词性物主代词,后面需接名词;my“我的”,形容词性物主代词,后面需接名词,在此处不能单独使用;C. hers用法正确,my错误,不能单独作宾语;D. her错误,不能单独作宾语,mine用法正确。故选A项。 4. — Can I borrow ______ e - reader? ______ is out of battery. — Sure, here you are. A. your; My B. yours; Mine C. your; Mine D. yours; My 【答案】C 【解析】考查代词。句意:——我能借你的电子阅读器吗?我的没电了。——当然,给你。A. your“你的”,形容词性物主代词,修饰名词e - reader;My“我的”,形容词性物主代词,后面需接名词,不能单独作主语;B. yours“你的(东西)”,名词性物主代词,后面不能接名词;Mine“我的(东西)”,名词性物主代词,可单独作主语,符合题意;C. your修饰e - reader正确,Mine作主语正确;D. yours不能接名词,My不能单独作主语。故选C项。 5. — Whose mobile phone is this? — It must be ______. ______ is still in the box. A. yours; Mine B. your; My C. yours; My D. your; Mine 【答案】A 【解析】考查代词。句意:——这是谁的手机?——它一定是你的。我的还在盒子里。A. yours“你的(东西)”,名词性物主代词,可单独作表语;Mine“我的(东西)”,名词性物主代词,可单独作主语,符合题意;B. your“你的”,形容词性物主代词,后面需接名词;My“我的”,形容词性物主代词,后面需接名词,不能单独作主语或表语;C. yours用法正确,My错误,不能单独作主语;D. your错误,不能单独作表语,Mine用法正确。故选A项。 【知识点清单三】指示代词的用法 【要点精讲】 1.指示代词用来指代说话者和听话者共同熟悉的人或物的代词。 指示代词 用法 示 例 this 一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物 This is my new watch. It’s really cool! (这是我的新手表,它真的很酷!) these These are the photos I took on my trip. (这些是我旅行时拍的照片。) that 常指时间或空间上较远的人或物 That is the building where I work. (那是我工作的大楼。) those Those are the mountains we climbed last summer. (那些是我们去年夏天爬过的山。) such 所修饰的词如果有不定冠词,应放在其后 She is such a kind person that everyone likes to be friends with her.(她是如此善良的一个人,以至于每个人都喜欢和她做朋友。) same 前面必须有the或this,that,these,those等词 We go to the same school, but we are in different classes.(我们上同一所学校,但我们在不同的班级。) 2.指示代词的特殊用法。 场合 用法 示例 打电话 this指代自己;that指代对方 This is John speaking. Who’s that? (我是约翰,你是谁?) 在表示前后对比的句子结构中指代上文提到的名词 that代替前面提到的单数名词或不可数名词;those代替前面提到的复数名词 1.The climate of South China is much hotter than that of North China.(华南的气候比华北的气候要热得多。) 2.These apples are fresher than those in the fridge.(这些苹果比冰箱里的那些更新鲜。) 【即时训练】 1. — What’s ______ over there? — It’s a new sculpture made by our art teacher. A. this​ B. that​ C. these​ D. those 【答案】B 【解析】考查指示代词。句意:——那边是什么?——是我们美术老师制作的一个新雕塑。“over there”表示在那边,指远处的事物,A选项“this”意为“这,这个”,指近处的事物,不符合题意;C选项“these”是“this”的复数形式,意为“这些”,用于指代复数的近处事物;D选项“those”是“that”的复数形式,意为“那些”,用于指代复数的远处事物,而句中询问的是单数的远处事物,所以C、D选项也不正确;B选项“that”意为“那,那个”,用于指代远处的单数事物,符合语境,故选B项。 2. _____ are my favorite books. I’ve read them several times. A. This​ B. That​ C. These​ D. We 【答案】C 【解析】考查指示代词。句意:这些是我最喜欢的书。我已经读了它们好几遍了。根据“books”可知是复数,A选项“This”意为“这,这个”,指代单数;B选项“That”意为“那,那个”,也指代单数,所以A、B选项不符合;D选项“We”意为“我们”,是人称代词,不符合句子结构和语义;C选项“These”意为“这些”,用于指代复数的近处事物,符合题意,故选C项。 3. — Hello, ______ is Mr. Smith. Is Mr. Johnson there? — Sorry, he’s out. Can I take a message? A. this​ B. that​ C. these​ D. those 【答案】A 【解析】考查指示代词。在电话用语中,介绍自己用“this is...”,表示“我是……”。B选项“that”在电话用语中用于询问对方是谁,如“Is that Mr. Johnson?”;C选项“these”和D选项“those”不用于电话介绍自己,所以本题选A项。 4. The temperature in the desert during the day is much higher than ______ at night. A. this​ B. that​ C. these​ D. those 【答案】B 【解析】考查指示代词。句意:沙漠白天的温度比晚上的温度高得多。这里用“that”来指代前面提到的“temperature”,以避免重复,A选项“this”一般不用于这种比较结构中代替前面提到的事物;C选项“these”和D选项“those”是复数形式,而“temperature”是不可数名词,是单数概念,所以C、D选项不正确,故选B项。 5. The buildings in the new district are taller and more modern than ______ in the old area. A. this​ B. that​ C. these​ D. those 【答案】D 【解析】考查指示代词。句意:新城区的建筑物比旧城区的建筑物更高、更现代化。这里用“those”来指代前面提到的“buildings”,是复数概念,A选项“this”和B选项“that”是单数形式,不符合;C选项“these”一般指近处的复数事物,而这里是新旧城区建筑物的比较,不是近处和远处的关系,所以用“those”指代旧城区的建筑物更合适,故选D项。 6. He made ______ rapid progress in English that his teacher praised him in class. A. so B. such C. such a D. so a 【答案】B 【解析】考查such和so的用法。“such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that从句”表示“如此……以至于……”,“progress”是不可数名词,A选项“so”后一般接形容词或副词,不直接接名词;C选项“such a”后接可数名词单数;D选项“so a”用法错误,所以本题选B项。 7. My sister and I wear ______ size shoes, so we can share our shoes sometimes. A. a same B. the same C. same D. same a 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定搭配。“the same + 名词”表示“相同的……”,是固定用法,A选项“a same”、C选项“same”和D选项“same a”的用法均不正确,所以选B项。 【知识点清单四】疑问代词的用法 【要点精讲】 1.疑问代词是特殊疑问句中表示疑问内容的代词,即用来构成特殊疑问句的代词。 疑问代词 用法 示 例 who 指代人,作主语、宾语或表语 1.Who is coming to the party? (谁要来参加派对?) 2.I don’t know who he is talking to. (我不知道他在和谁说话。) 3.Who is it?(谁呀?) whom 指代人,作宾语 Whom did you give the book to? (你把书给了谁?) whose 指代人或物,作定语或表语 1.Whose book is this? (这是谁的书?) 2.Whose is this shirt?(这衬衣是谁的?) what 指代物,作主语、宾语、表语或定语 1.What is your favorite color? (你最喜欢的颜色是什么?) 2.I don’t know what you mean. (我不知道你的意思。) 3.What's that in English?(那用英语怎么说?) 4.What number is Jim’s car?(吉姆的车牌号是多少?) which 指代人或物,作主语、宾语、或定语 1.Which is your favorite book? (哪本书是你最喜欢的?) 2.I don’t know which to choose. (我不知道该选哪一个。) 3.Which book do you want to read? (你想读哪本书?) 【即时训练】 1. — ______ is the man over there? — He is our new math teacher. A. Who B. Whom C. Whose D. What 【答案】A 【解析】考查疑问代词。句意:——那边的那个男人是谁?——他是我们的新数学老师。A选项“Who”意为“谁”,用于询问人物身份,在句中作主语,符合题意;B选项“Whom”也表示“谁”,但在句中作宾语,而此处是对主语进行提问,所以不合适;C选项“Whose”意为“谁的”,用于询问所属关系;D选项“What”意为“什么”,用于询问事物或职业等,均不符合语境。故选A项。 2. The teacher wants to know ______ you talked to after class. A. which B. whom C. whose D. what 【答案】B 【解析】考查疑问代词。句意:老师想知道你课后和谁交谈了。A选项“which”意为“哪一个”,用于在多个选项中进行选择;B选项“whom”在句中作宾语,这里是询问与“you”交谈的对象,作“talked to”的宾语,符合语法规则;C选项“whose”表示“谁的”,不符合题意;D选项“what”意为“什么”,通常用来询问事物,与语境不符。所以选B项。 3. — ______ umbrella is this? — It's mine. A. Who B. Whom C. Whose D. What 【答案】C 【解析】考查疑问代词。句意:——这是谁的伞?——它是我的。A选项“Who”用于询问人物;B选项“Whom”作宾语,询问人物;C选项“Whose”表示“谁的”,用于询问物品的所属关系,符合此处对伞的主人进行提问的语境;D选项“What”用于询问事物或职业等。故选C项。 4. — ______ is in the box? — There is a toy in it. A. Who B. Whom C. Whose D. What 【答案】D 【解析】考查疑问代词。句意:——盒子里是什么?——里面有一个玩具。A选项“Who”用于询问人物;B选项“Whom”作宾语,询问人物;C选项“Whose”表示“谁的”,用于询问所属关系;D选项“What”意为“什么”,用于询问事物,符合对盒子里东西进行提问的语境。故选D项。 5. — ______ of these two shirts do you prefer? — I prefer the blue one. A. Who B. Whom C. Which D. What 【答案】C 【解析】考查疑问代词。句意:——这两件衬衫你更喜欢哪一件?——我更喜欢蓝色的那件。A选项“Who”用于询问人物;B选项“Whom”作宾语,询问人物;C选项“Which”意为“哪一个”,用于在特定范围内进行选择,这里是在两件衬衫中选择,符合语境;D选项“What”意为“什么”,通常用来询问事物,不用于这种在两者之间选择的情况。故选C项。 【知识点清单五】反身代词的用法 1.反身代词用于指代某人或某物自己。第一人称和第二人称的反身代词由“形容词性物主代词+self/selves”构成;第三人称反身代词由“人称代词的宾格+self/selves”构成。 数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself yourself himself/ herself/ itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves 2.反身代词的句法功能 反身代词 功能 示例 myself 宾语、表语或同位语 I can do it myself. (我可以自己做这件事。) ourselves We should take care of ourselves. (我们应该照顾好自己。) yourself You need to believe in yourself. (你需要相信自己。) yourselves You should help yourselves to some snacks. (你们可以随意吃些小吃。) himself/ herself/ itself He introduced himself to the group. (他向大家做了自我介绍。) themselves They looked after themselves. (他们照顾了自己。) 3.反身代词的固定搭配 介词+反身代词 动词+反身代词 by oneself(独自) enjoy oneself(玩得高兴) for oneself(为自己) teach oneself(自学) in oneself(就其本身来说) help oneself to(随便吃,随便用) to oneself(自己享用) devote oneself to(致力于) of oneself(独自,自发地) dress oneself(自己穿衣) come to oneself(恢复知觉,醒来) be oneself (处于正常状态) talk to oneself(自言自语) make oneself at home(像在自己家里一样) say to oneself(心里想) make oneself understood(使自己被理解) 【即时训练】 1. The little girl can dress ______ without her mother’s help now. A. himself B. herself C. itself D. themselves 【答案】B 【解析】考查反身代词。句意:这个小女孩现在不用妈妈帮忙就能自己穿衣服了。句子主语是“The little girl”,当主语和宾语是同一人时,宾语要用反身代词,“the little girl”是女性,所以用herself。A选项himself用于男性;C选项itself用于物;D选项themselves用于复数。故选B项。 2. We enjoyed ______ at the beach last weekend. The sunshine and sea made us so happy. A. myself B. yourself C. ourselves D. themselves 【答案】C 【解析】考查反身代词。句意:上周末我们在海滩玩得很开心。阳光和大海让我们很开心。句子主语是“We”,“enjoy oneself”表示“玩得开心”,所以这里用ourselves,表示“我们自己”。A选项myself是“我自己”;B选项yourself是“你自己”;D选项themselves是“他们自己”。故选C项。 3. Don’t worry about me. I can finish the work by ______. A. myself B. yourself C. himself D. itself 【答案】A 【解析】考查反身代词。句意:别担心我。我能自己完成这项工作。句子主语是“I”,“by oneself”表示“独自,靠自己”,所以这里用myself,表示“我自己”。B选项yourself是“你自己”;C选项himself是“他自己”;D选项itself是“它自己”。故选A。 4. The dog hurt ______ when it jumped off the chair. A. himself B. herself C. itself D. themselves 【答案】C 【解析】考查反身代词。句意:这只狗从椅子上跳下来时伤到了自己。句子主语是“The dog”,当动物作主语且主语和宾语是同一对象时,用itself表示“它自己”。A选项himself用于男性;B选项herself用于女性;D选项themselves用于复数。故选C项。 5. Help ______ to some fruit, children. There’s plenty for everyone. A. yourself B. yourselves C. myself D. themselves 【答案】B 【解析】考查反身代词。句意:孩子们,随便吃些水果。有足够的水果给每个人。“Help oneself to...”表示“随便吃……”,这里是对“children”说的,是复数,所以用yourselves。A选项yourself用于单数;C选项myself是“我自己”;D选项themselves是“他们自己”。故选B项。 【知识点清单六】不定代词的用法 1.some与any some any 用法 示例 用法 示例 场合 肯定句 用于复数名词前表示“一些” There are some students in the classroom. (教室里有一些学生。) 用于不可数名词前表示“任何” You may come at any time. (你任何时候来都行。) 用于不可数名词前表示“一些” There is some water in the bottle.(瓶子里有一些水。) 用于单数可数名词前表示“任何” You can choose any color you want. (你可以选择任何你想要的颜色。) 用于单数可数名词前表示“某一” She went to some place in England. (她去了英国某个地方。) 在条件句中表示“任何” If you need any help, just let me know. (如果你需要任何帮助,就告诉我。 疑问句 表示请求、邀请或征求意见或期望得到肯定回答 Would you like some orange juice? (喝点橙汁怎么样?) 用于名词复数前表示“一些” Are there any apples left? (还有一些苹果吗?) 用于不可数名词前表示“一些” Do you have any water? (你有一些水吗?) 否定句 \ 用于复数名词前表示“一些” I don’t have any friends here. (这里我没有朋友。) 用于不可数名词前表示“一些” There isn’t any water in the bottle. (瓶子里没有水。) 2.either与neither 词汇 意义 用法 示例 either 两者中任一 either作定语 Either team can win the match. (这两支队伍中的任何一支都可能赢得比赛。) 两个中的任一 either of...作主语或宾语 You can take either of these two books. (你可以拿这两本书中的任何一本。) 要么……要么…… either...or...(并列连词)并列两项内容表选择 Either you or I will go to the meeting.(要么你去开会,要么我去开会。) neither 两者都不 neither作定语 Neither book is interesting.(两本书都没意思。) neither of... 作主语或宾语 Neither of the answers is correct. (两个答案都不正确。) neither...nor...(并列连词)并列两项内容都不 Neither John nor Mary likes to play soccer. (约翰和玛丽都不喜欢踢足球。) 3.both与all 词汇 意义 用法 示例 both 两者都 作主语、宾语、定语和同位语 1.Both of them are retired workers.(他们两人都是退休工人。) 2.I like both of these movies. (我喜欢这两部电影。)3.Both answers are correct. (两个答案都是正确的。) 4.We both like shopping online.(我们俩都喜欢网购。) all 指三者或三者以上都 1.All of the students are in the classroom. (所有的学生都在教室里。) 2.She invited all of her friends to the party. (她邀请了她所有的朋友参加派对。) 3.All the books on the table are mine. (桌子上的所有书都是我的。) 4.The students all won the competition. (学生们都赢得了比赛。) 4.many与much 词汇 意义 用法 示例 many 许多 修饰或代替复数可数名词 Many of the shops were run by Asians. (这些商店中有许多是由亚洲人经营的。) much 修饰或代替不可数名词 Much of the land was flooded. (大片土地被水淹没。) 5.little,a little与few,a few 场合 词汇 用法 示例 后接 不可数名词 little 表示数量很少或几乎没有, 强调“少”,含有否定意义 There is little time left. (几乎没剩下什么时间了。) a little 强调“有”,含有肯定意义 We still have a little time. (我们还有点时间。) 后接 可数名词复数 few 表示数量很少或几乎没有, 强调“少”,含有否定意义 Very few people know that. (几乎没人知道那件事。) a few 强调“有”,含有肯定意义 I’d like to say a few words. (我想讲几句话。) 6.each与every 词汇 强调重点 适用范围 句法功能 与of连用 特殊用法 each 强调个体 两者或两者以上 做主语、宾语、定语、同位语 可以 each other(互相) every 强调总体 三者或三者以上 只能做定语 不可以 每隔…… 7.other,the other, others与another 词汇 意义 用法 示例 other 另一些 泛指复数,后加复数名词 We learn Chinese, English, Maths and other subjects. (我们学习语文、英语、数学和其他科目。) the other 另一个,另一部分 指两者(两部分)中的另一个(另一部分) The other one was much too expensive. (另一个太贵了。) Our host introduced us to the other guests. (主人把我们介绍给了其他客人。) others 另一些 泛指复数 For some, shopping is an art; for others, it’s a sport. (对一些人来说,购物是一种艺术;对其他人,是一种运动。) another 另一个、再、又 三者或以上中另一个、再、又 I don’t like this one. Please show me another. (我不喜欢这一个,请再给我一个。) 8.复合不定代词 body (人) one (人) thing (物) some- somebody someone something any- anybody anyone anything every- everybody everyone everything no- nobody no one nothing 9.any one of..., every one of...,none of... 词汇 意义 用法 示例 any one of... ……中的任何一个 作主语、宾语 1.Does any one of you like the song? (你们中有任何人喜欢这首歌吗?) 2.I will take any one of these books. (我会拿这些书中的任何一本。) every one of... ……中的每一个 Every one of them likes playing football. (他们中的每个人都喜欢踢球。) none of... ……中一个都没有 None of the ants go/goes out for food. (没有蚂蚁出去寻找食物。) 【即时训练】 1. — Would you like ______ coffee? — Yes, please. A. some B. any C. no D. none 【答案】A 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:“你想要一些咖啡吗?”“是的,请给我一些。”A. some一些,常用于肯定句,但在表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中也可用;B. any一些,任何,常用于否定句和疑问句;C. no没有;D. none一个也没有,没有任何东西。在“Would you like...?”这样的句型中,用some表示希望得到对方肯定的回答。故选A项。 2. There aren’t ______ apples left in the basket. We need to buy more. A. some B. any C. few D. little 【答案】B 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:篮子里没有苹果剩下了。我们需要再买一些。A. some一些,常用于肯定句;B. any一些,任何,常用于否定句和疑问句,在否定句中表示“任何”;C. few很少,几乎没有,修饰可数名词复数;D. little很少,几乎没有,修饰不可数名词。此句是否定句,且apples是可数名词复数,用any表示“任何”,即篮子里没有任何苹果了。故选B项。 3. You can choose ______ of the two books. They are both interesting. A. either B. neither C. none D. all 【答案】A 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:你可以选择这两本书中的任何一本。它们都很有趣。A. either两者中的任何一个;B. neither两者都不;C. none三者或三者以上都不;D. all三者或三者以上都。根据“the two books”可知是两者之间的选择,且“both interesting”表示两本都好,所以是可以选择两者中的任何一本,用either。故选A项。 4. ______ of the twins likes playing basketball. They prefer reading. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. All 【答案】B 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:这对双胞胎都不喜欢打篮球。他们更喜欢阅读。A. Either两者中的任何一个;B. Neither两者都不;C. Both两者都;D. All三者或三者以上都。根据“They prefer reading.”可知双胞胎都不喜欢打篮球,是两者都否定,用neither。故选B项。 5. ______ my parents are teachers. They work in the same school. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. All 【答案】C 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:我的父母都是老师。他们在同一所学校工作。A. Either两者中的任何一个;B. Neither两者都不;C. Both两者都;D. All三者或三者以上都。“parents”指父母两人,根据“They work in the same school.”可知是说父母两人都是老师,用both。故选C项。 6. ______ the students in our class passed the exam. We’re all happy! A. Either B. Neither C. Every D. All 【答案】D 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:我们班所有的学生都通过了考试。我们都很高兴!A. Either两者中的任何一个;B. Neither两者都不;C. Every每个,强调整体中的个体;D. All三者或三者以上都。“the students in our class”是指班级里的多个学生,根据“We’re all happy!”可知是所有学生都通过了考试,用all。故选D项。 7. I don’t have ______ time. The deadline is coming soon. A. many B. much C. few D. a few 【答案】B 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:我没有很多时间了。截止日期快到了。A. many许多,修饰可数名词复数;B. much许多,修饰不可数名词;C. few很少,几乎没有,修饰可数名词复数;D. a few一些,几个,修饰可数名词复数。time是不可数名词,根据“The deadline is coming soon.”可知是没有很多时间了,用much修饰。故选B项。 8. ______ people came to the concert, but there were still some empty seats. A. Many B. Much C. Little D. A little 【答案】A 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:许多人来参加音乐会,但仍有一些空座位。A. Many许多,修饰可数名词复数;B. Much许多,修饰不可数名词;C. Little很少,几乎没有,修饰不可数名词;D. A little一些,修饰不可数名词。people是可数名词复数,用many修饰表示“许多人”。故选A项。 9. There is ______ milk in the fridge. We have to buy some. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few 【答案】A 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:冰箱里几乎没有牛奶了。我们得去买一些。A. little很少,几乎没有,修饰不可数名词,表否定意义;B. a little一些,修饰不可数名词,表肯定意义;C. few很少,几乎没有,修饰可数名词复数,表否定意义;D. a few一些,几个,修饰可数名词复数,表肯定意义。milk是不可数名词,根据“We have to buy some.”可知冰箱里牛奶几乎没有了,用little。故选A项。 10. She has ______ friends here, so she often feels lonely. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few 【答案】C 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:她在这里几乎没有朋友,所以她经常感到孤独。A. little很少,几乎没有,修饰不可数名词,表否定意义;B. a little一些,修饰不可数名词,表肯定意义;C. few很少,几乎没有,修饰可数名词复数,表否定意义;D. a few一些,几个,修饰可数名词复数,表肯定意义。friends是可数名词复数,根据“she often feels lonely”可知她朋友很少,用few。故选C项。 11. ______ of the children in the class has a new storybook. A. Each B. Every C. Both D. All 【答案】A 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:班里的每个孩子都有一本新故事书。A. Each每个,强调个体,可与of连用;B. Every每个,强调整体中的个体,不能与of连用;C. Both两者都;D. All三者或三者以上都。根据“of the children”可知用each,each of表示“……中的每一个”。故选A项。 12. ______ student in the school must follow the rules. A. Each B. Every C. Either D. Neither 【答案】B 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:学校里的每个学生都必须遵守规则。A. Each每个,强调个体,可与of连用;B. Every每个,强调整体中的个体,后直接接名词单数;C. Either两者中的任何一个;D. Neither两者都不。“student”是单数,这里强调整体中的每个学生,用every修饰。故选B项。 13. I have two pens. One is red, and ______ is blue. A. other B. the other C. others D. another 【答案】B 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:我有两支钢笔。一支是红色的,另一支是蓝色的。A. other其他的,后常接名词复数;B. the other两者中的另一个;C. others其他的人或物,相当于“other + 名词复数”;D. another三者或三者以上中的另一个。根据“two pens”和“One is red”可知这里是说两支钢笔中的另一支,用the other。故选B项。 14. Some students like math, while ______ prefer English. A. other B. the other C. others D. another 【答案】C 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:一些学生喜欢数学,而另一些学生喜欢英语。A. other其他的,后常接名词复数;B. the other两者中的另一个,或后接名词复数表示其余的全部;C. others其他的人或物,相当于“other + 名词复数”,表示泛指;D. another三者或三者以上中的另一个。这里表示一些学生喜欢数学,另外一些学生喜欢英语,是泛指,用others。故选C项。 15. I’m still hungry. Can I have ______ piece of cake? A. other B. the others C. others D. another 【答案】D 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:我还饿。我能再吃一块蛋糕吗?A. other其他的,后常接名词复数;B. the others其他的人或物,是the other的复数形式,特指其余的全部;C. others其他的人或物,相当于“other + 名词复数”,表示泛指;D. another三者或三者以上中的另一个,又一,再一。这里表示再吃一块蛋糕,用another。故选D项。 16. ______ is watching TV. Let’s go and find out who it is. A. Someone B. Anyone C. No one D. Everyone 【答案】A 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:有人在看电视。我们去看看是谁。A. Someone某人,用于肯定句,表不确定的某个人;B. Anyone任何人,常用于否定句和疑问句;C. No one没有人;D. Everyone每个人。根据“Let’s go and find out who it is.”可知是有人在看电视,是肯定句,用someone。故选A项。 17. ______ of the problems is too difficult. You can solve them easily. A. Someone B. Anyone C. None D. Everyone 【答案】C 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:这些问题没有一个是太难的。你可以很容易地解决它们。A. Someone某人;B. Anyone任何人;C. None没有一个,用于三者或三者以上,常与of连用;D. Everyone每个人。根据“You can solve them easily.”可知问题都不难,没有一个是难的,用none of表示“……中没有一个”。故选C项。 18. You can choose ______ one of these toys. They’re all free. A. any B. every C. none D. all 【答案】A 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:你可以选择这些玩具中的任何一个。它们都是免费的。A. any任何一个,用于肯定句时,强调个体的任意性;B. every每个,强调整体中的个体;C. none没有一个;D. all所有的。这里表示可以从这些玩具中任意选择一个,用any。故选A项。 19. ______ of the students in the group has finished the task. Great job! A. Any one B. Every one C. None D. Both 【答案】B 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:小组里的每个学生都完成了任务。干得好!A. Any one任何一个,强调个体的任意性,常与of连用;B. Every one每个人,强调整体中的个体,可与of连用;C. None没有一个;D. Both两者都。根据“has finished the task”和“Great job!”可知是小组里的每个学生都完成了任务,用every one of表示“……中的每个人”。故选B项。 20. ______ of the three boys likes playing football. They prefer basketball. A. Any one B. Every one C. None D. All 【答案】C 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:这三个男孩都不喜欢踢足球。他们更喜欢篮球。A. Any one任何一个,强调个体的任意性,常与of连用;B. Every one每个人,强调整体中的个体,可与of连用;C. None没有一个,用于三者或三者以上;D. All所有的。根据“They prefer basketball.”可知三个男孩都不喜欢踢足球,用none of表示“……中没有一个”。故选C项。 【知识点清单七】it的用法 情况 用法 示例 基本情形 代替刚提到的人、事和物 I love swimming. It keeps me fit. (我喜爱游泳。它使我身体健康。) 表示时间、距离、自然现象和环境等 It is eight o’clock.(八点了。) It was sunny yesterday.(昨天是晴天。) 指不明身份的人或婴儿,动物等 —Who is knocking at the door?(谁在敲门?) —It is me.(是我。) 形式主语 当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作句子主语时,为保持句子平衡,通常把真正的主语放在句末,而在句首使用形式主语it It + be + adj. for (of) sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事…… It is hard for him to make up his mind. (他很难下定决心。) It was foolish of her to say such words. (她说那样的话,真是太蠢了。) It is no use/good + doing... 做……是没有用的/没益处的 It is no good reading without understanding. (只阅读不理解没有好处。) It takes sb.+时间段+to do sth. 某人做某事花了……时间 It took me two days to finish reading this book. (读完这本书花了我两天的时间。) It’s high time to do sth. 或It is high time +主语+should+动词原型 到该做某事的时间了 It’s high time to have classes. = It’s high time we should have classes. (到该上课的时间了。) It is the +序数词/物主代词 time that+主语+现在完成时; It was the +序数词/物主代词 time + that +主语+过去完成时 It is my first time that I have won the match. (这是我第一次赢得了比赛。) It was the third time that he had broken the rule. (这是他第三次违反规定了。) It +be+时间段+before 过多长时间才…… It will be over a month before we end our classes. (过一个月我们才结束我们的课程。) It was long before he came back. (过了很久他才回来。) It was not long before the police caught the thief. (没过多久,警察就把小偷抓住了。) It is/ has been +时间段+since... It is two years since I joined the army.(我参军两年了。) 形式宾语 真正的宾语是不定式、动名词或从句并有宾语补足语。常跟形式宾语的动词,如think、find、believe、make、feel、consider等 1.I find it hard to remember English words. (我觉得记英语单词很难。) 2.We thought it no use complaining. (我们认为抱怨没用。) 3.I think it important that we should keep calm. (我认为我们保持镇静很重要。) 【即时训练】 1. — Who’s making so much noise outside? — ______ must be the boy playing football. A. He B. She C. It D. They 【答案】C 【解析】考查代词。句意:——谁在外面弄出这么大的噪音?——一定是那个正在踢足球的男孩。在不确定人物性别或只知道某动作的执行者但不确定具体是谁时,常用it来指代。这里不知道外面制造噪音的人具体是谁,只知道是那个踢足球的男孩,所以用it。A选项“He”指男性“他”;B选项“She”指女性“她”;D选项“They”指“他们/她们/它们”,均不符合这种不确定身份时的指代情况。故选C项。 2. ______ is about 2 kilometers from my home to the supermarket. A. This B. That C. It D. There 【答案】C 【解析】考查代词。句意:从我家到超市大约有两公里。“It is + 距离 + from...to...”是固定句型,it在此处作形式主语,真正的主语是“from my home to the supermarket”。A选项“This”意为“这,这个”;B选项“That”意为“那,那个”;D选项“There”常用于“there be”句型表示“有”,均不符合该句型结构。故选C项。 3. _______ was extremely foggy this morning, which made it hard to drive to the new tech fair. A. This B. That C. It D. What 【答案】C 【解析】考查代词。句意:今天早上雾非常大,这使得开车去新的科技展会很困难。在表示天气等自然现象时,常用it作主语。A选项“This”和B选项“That”一般不用于这种指代天气的情况;D选项“What”引导从句,不符合此句结构,这里只是简单描述天气情况,用it作主语。故选C项。 4. —Did you finish your homework, Tom? —Yes, I did. I finished ______ an hour ago. A. it B. that C. them D. one 【答案】A 【解析】考查代词。句意:——汤姆,你完成你的家庭作业了吗?——是的,我完成了。我一个小时前完成的。“homework”是不可数名词,用it来指代前面提到的“homework”。B选项“that”常用于指代较远的事物或上文提到的同类不同物;C选项“them”是复数形式,指代复数名词;D选项“one”指代上文提到的同类事物中的一个,是泛指,均不符合此处语境。故选A项。 5. In our class, everyone has to take turns to clean the classroom. Today is my turn, so I have to do _____ carefully. A. it B. that C. this D. one 【答案】A 【解析】考查代词。句意:在我们班,每个人都得轮流打扫教室。今天轮到我了,所以我得认真做这件事。这里用it指代“clean the classroom”这件事。B选项“that”指代较远的事物或上文提到的同类不同物;C选项“this”指代较近的事物;D选项“one”指代上文提到的同类事物中的一个,是泛指,均不符合此处指代打扫教室这件具体的事的语境。故选A项。 6. I don’t think _____ possible to master a foreign language without much practice. A. this B. that C. so D. it 【答案】D 【解析】考查代词。句意:我认为没有大量的练习要掌握一门外语是不可能的。“think it + 形容词 + to do sth.”是固定结构,it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是“to master a foreign language without much practice”,形容词“possible”作宾语补足语。A选项“this”和B选项“that”不能作形式宾语;C选项“so”意为“如此;这样”,不符合该结构。故选D项。 7. ______ is important to keep learning new things, no matter how old we are. A. This B. That C. It D. One 【答案】C 【解析】考查代词。句意:无论我们多大年纪,不断学习新事物是很重要的。“It is + 形容词 + to do sth.”是固定句型,it作形式主语,真正的主语是“to keep learning new things”。A选项“This”和B选项“That”不能作形式主语;D选项“One”指代上文提到的同类事物中的一个,不符合该句型结构。故选C项。 8.__no use crying about the bugs in the new mobile app. We should wait for the update. A. It B. Its C. It’s D. That’s 【答案】C 【解析】考查代词和固定句型。句意:为新手机应用程序中的漏洞哭泣是没有用的。我们应该等待更新。“It's no use doing sth.”是固定句型,意为“做某事是没有用的”,it作形式主语,真正的主语是“crying about the bugs in the new mobile app”。A选项“It”缺少系动词;B选项“Its”是“it”的所有格形式“它的”;D选项“That’s”不符合该句型,这里用it作形式主语。故选C项。 9.__ took my father three hours to repair the broken bike. A. This B. That C. It D. He 【答案】C 【解析】考查代词。句意:修理那辆坏了的自行车花了我父亲三个小时。“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”是固定句型,意为“做某事花费某人多少时间”,it作形式主语,真正的主语是“to repair the broken bike”。A选项“This”和B选项“That”不能作形式主语;D选项“He”是人,不符合该句型结构。故选C项。 10.__ high time we went to bed. It’s too late. A. It’s B. Its C. That’s D. This is 【答案】A 【解析】考查代词和固定句型。句意:我们该睡觉了。太晚了。“It's high time + 从句”是固定句型,意为“是该做某事的时候了”,从句中常用一般过去时表示虚拟语气。B选项“Its”是“it”的所有格形式“它的”;C选项“That’s”和D选项“This is”不符合该句型结构,这里用it作形式主语。故选A项。 11.__ is the second time that she has been to Beijing. A. It B. He C. She D. Its 【答案】A 【解析】考查代词。句意:这是她第二次去北京。“It is the + 序数词 + time that...”是固定句型,意为“这是第几次做某事”,it作形式主语,that引导的从句是真正的主语。B选项“He”指男性“他”;C选项“She”指女性“她”;D选项“Its”是“it”的所有格形式“它的”,均不符合该句型结构。故选A项。 12.__ will be a few weeks before the new smart home system is fully installed. A. It B. That C. This D.What 【答案】A 【解析】考查代词。句意:新的智能家居系统全面安装还需要几个星期的时间。“It will be + 一段时间 + before...”是固定句型,意为“要过一段时间才……”,it作形式主语,真正的主语是“before the new smart home system is fully installed”。B选项“That”和C选项“This”不能作形式主语;D选项“What”引导从句,不符合此句结构。故选A项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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专题2 代词七大要点归纳(讲义)-河南省2026年对口升学一轮复习《英语知识点清单》(原卷版+解析版)
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专题2 代词七大要点归纳(讲义)-河南省2026年对口升学一轮复习《英语知识点清单》(原卷版+解析版)
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