精品解析：天津市第二十中学2024-2025学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题

二十中学2024-2025学年度第二学期高一年级英语学科 期中测试 第一节 听力（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题， 1. What is the time probably now? A. 4:40 B. 5:00 C. 5:20 2. What is the woman going to do? A. Have a coffee B. Attend a meeting C. Go to the man’s office 3. What are the speakers talking about? A. Their future plans B. Evening classes C. An exhibition 4. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a hotel B. In a hospital C. In a restaurant 5 What is the woman probably doing A. Seeing a doctor B. Buying a handbag C. Trying on a piece of clothing 第二节 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8小题。 6. What day is it today? A. Friday. B. Saturday. C. Sunday. 7. What did the man like best about the party? A. The food B. The games. C. The music 8. How did the man get home after the party? A. He walked home. B. He drove home C. He took a bus home 听下面一段对话，回答第9至第11小题。 9. What season is it now? A. Spring. B Summer C. Autumn 10. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Rent a car B. sell her bike. C. Ride around the city. 11. How much will the woman pay in total? A. 6.5 euros B. 13 euros C. 26 euros. 听下面一段独白，回答第12至第15小题 12. Which place has no staff? A. Abercorn House Hostel B. Hilton London Green Park C. Hampton Court Motor Cruiser. 13. Which place is your best choice for your child? A. Abercorn House Hostel B. Hilton London Green Park C. Hampton Court Motor Cruiser 14. Where can the visitors enjoy different kinds of breakfast? A. On 28-30 Bute Gardens B. On 12 Osborn Street C. On 4-6 Half Moon Street 15. How is Abercorn House Hostel different from the rest? A. It has air-conditioned rooms B. It has non-smoking rooms C. It charges for Wi-Fi service 第二节 单项选择（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 1. —My invention of the flying bike received the patent (专利) yesterday. —______! You may be an Edison one day. A. Good luck B. Good for you C. No problem D. With pleasure 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——我的飞行自行车的发明昨天收到了专利。——真是了不起！也许有一天你会成为爱迪生。A. Good luck祝你好运；B. Good for you真是了不起；C. No problem没问题；D. With pleasure乐意帮忙。根据“My invention of the flying bike received the patent”和“You may be an Edison one day”可知，第二个应该是说第一个人很了不起，空格处是“真是了不起”，故选B。 2. Many young people, most ______ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. A. of who B. of them C. of whom D. of those 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多年轻人，其中大多数受过良好教育，前往偏远地区追逐梦想。most of大多数；先行词为Many young people，作定语从句中of的宾语，关系代词为whom。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句。故选C项。 3. At our factory there are a few machines similar to ________ described in this magazine. A. them B. these C. those D. ones 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查代词。句意：在我们厂里，有一些机器类似于杂志里描述的那些机器。句中比较的是machines，是复数名词，可用those或ones代替。再根据空格后的过去分词短语作后置定语修饰这一代词，知表示的是特指，故用those。ones表示的是泛指。故选C项。 4. Your learning ________ needs to be adjusted a little so that you will have some time for your own hobbies. A. embarrassment B. complexity C. concern D. strategy 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的学习策略需要调整一点，这样你就有时间从事你自己的爱好。A.embarrassment尴尬；B.complexity复杂性；C.concern关注；关心；D.strategy策略。根据下文“ so that you will have some time for your own hobbies”可知，要调整学习策略，以便有时间从事自己的爱好。故选D。 5. ---- The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. ---- Oh, dear! She _______ a lot of difficulties! A. may go through B. might go through C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：-这位女生物学家回国之前在非洲研究野生动物有13年了。-哦，天哪！她肯定克服了大量的困难。表示对过去发生的事情毫不怀疑，确认无疑用must have done，符合句意，故选D。 6. ________by many negative reports, some people wrongly regard teenagers as lacking a sense of responsibility and concern for others. A. Influenced B. To be influenced C. Having influenced D. Being influenced 【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词过去分词。句意：受许多负面报道的影响，一些人错误地认为青少年缺乏责任感和对他人的关心。非谓语动词influence和主语some people之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，表示原因，从而排除C；不强调动作同时发生，排除D；不是表达目的，排除B。故选A项。 7. — I’m so sorry for what I said to you yesterday. — Forget it! I know you were just letting off ______. A. emotions B. liquid C. feelings D. steam 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查习惯表达。句意：——我很抱歉昨天对你说的话。——算了吧！我知道你只是发泄一下。A. emotions情绪；B. liquid液体；C. feelings感情；D. steam蒸汽。由句意可知，说话的一方为自己昨天说的话道歉，另一方表示理解他在发泄情绪，习惯表达let off steam，意为“发泄怒火”。故选D项。 8. In my opinion, punishment, ________ carefully and justly used, will have a negative impact on individuals’ development. A. if B. unless C. until D. once 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：在我看来，惩罚，除非谨慎和公正地使用，否则将对个人的发展产生负面影响。A. if如果；B. unless除非，如果不；C. until直到；D. once一旦。结合句意可知，此处指“惩罚如果不谨慎和公正地使用，将对个人的发展产生负面影响”，unless除非，如果不，符合题意，故选B。 9. The musician along with his band members ________ ten performances in the last three months. A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 10. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left ____________. A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一本好书不一定要有幸福的结尾，但是一定不能让读者感觉不满意。unsatisfying不令人满意的，这是由现在分词转换的形容词，修饰事物。unsatisfied感觉不满意的，这是由过去分词转换的形容词，修饰人。此处是对人的情况进行说明，使用形容词作主语补足语，being是多余的。故选A。 第三节 完型填空（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分） On a hot summer day in late August, I sought shade and a cool drink at a waterfront café on a Greek island. Over a hundred degrees in ___11___air. Crowded. Tempers(脾气)of both the tour- ists and waiters had ___12___ to meet the situation, making it a rather quarrelsome environment. At the table next to mine sat an attractive, ___13___couple, waiting for___14___. They held hands, whispered, kissed, and laughed. Suddenly they stood, picked up their____15____and stepped together ___16___ the edge of where they were sitting to place the table in the sea water. The man stepped___17___for the two chairs. He politely___18___his lady in the knee-deep water and then sat down himself. All people around laughed and cheered. ___19___appeared. He paused for just a second walked into the water to ____20____the table and take their___21___ , and then walked back to the ____22____cheers of the rest of his ____23____. Minutes later he returned carrying a bottle of wine and two glasses. Without pausing, he went ___24___ into the water to _____25_____ the wine. The couple toasted(祝酒)each other, the waiter and the crowd. And the crowd ___26___ by cheering and throwing flowers to them. Three other tables___27___to have lunch in the water. The place was now filled with laughter. One doesn’t step into water in one’s best summer clothes. Why not? Customers are not served ____28____. Why not? Sometimes one should consider____29____the line of convention(常规)and enjoy___30___to the fullest. 11. A. fresh B. cool C. still D. thin 12. A. managed B. expected C. attempted D. risen 13. A. lonely B. curious C. well-dressed D. bad-tempered 14. A. cheers B. service C. attention D. flowers 15. A. metal table B. empty bottle C. chairs D. bags 16. A. on B. off C. around D. along 17. A. outside B. forward C. down D. back 18. A. led B. seated C. watched D. received 19. A. The manager B. A friend C. A waiter D. The servant 20. A. set B. wash C. remove D. check 21. A. menu B. bill C. food D. order 22. A. loud B. anxious C. familiar D. final 23. A. tourists B. customers C. fellows D. assistants 24. A. at last B. in time C. once more D. as well 25. A. change B. drink C. sell D. serve 26. A. replied B. insisted C. agreed D. understood 27. A. prepared B. joined in C. settled up D. continued 28. A. with pleasure B. in the café C. in the sea D. with wine 29. A. following B. keeping C. limiting D. crossing 30. A. life B. wine C. lunch D. time 【答案】11. C 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A 16. B 17. D 18. B 19. C 20. A 21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己在咖啡馆中一次就餐的经历，告诉我们有时应该考虑跨越常规，充分享受生活。 【11题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在静止的空气中温度好像超过100度一样闷热。A. fresh新鲜的；B. cool凉爽的；C. still静止的；D. thin瘦的。描绘了一个特定的环境：天气闷热，气压低，空气象凝滞了一样。故选C。 【12题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：游客和服务员的脾气都上来了，使这里的气氛变得颇为争吵。A. managed管理；B. expected预期；C. attempted企图；D. risen上升。根据后文“making it a rather quarrelsome environment”可知在这样沉闷的环境中，人的脾气也容易上升，容易发火。故选D。 【13题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我的邻桌，坐着一对漂亮、衣着讲究的夫妇，等待着服务。A. lonely寂寞的；B. curious好奇的；C. well-dressed穿着讲究的；D. bad-tempered脾气不好的。根据后文“in one's best summer clothes”可知这对夫妇的盛装打扮。故选C。 【14题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我邻桌，坐着一对漂亮、衣着讲究的夫妇，等着上菜。A. cheers欢呼；B. service服务；C. attention注意力；D. flowers花。此处为短语waiting for service 意思是“等着上菜（酒、饭等）”。故选B。 【15题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然，他们站了起来，搬起他们的金属桌子，一起离开他们坐着的地方，把桌子放到海水里。A. metal table金属桌子；B. empty bottle空瓶子；C. chairs椅子；D. bags包。根据后文“place the table in the sea water”可知是搬金属桌子。故选A。 【16题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：突然，他们站了起来，搬他们的金属桌子，一起离开他们坐着的地方，把桌子放到海水里。A. on在上面；B. off脱离；C. around围绕；D. along沿着。根据后文“the edge of where they were sitting to place the table in the sea water”可知这对夫妇离开了开始坐的位置，把桌子放到了水里。故选B。 【17题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：那人走回去，要了两把椅子。A. outside外面；B. forward朝前；C. down向下；D. back回去，后退。根据情景可知前面放了桌子，要坐下还需要椅子，所以走回去拿，选back。故选D。 【18题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他彬彬有礼地让他的夫人坐在齐膝深的水里，然后自己也坐了下来。A. led带领；B. seated就座；C. watched观看；D. received收到。根据后文“his lady in the knee-deep water”可知男人让女士坐在水中，所以选seated。故选B。 【19题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个服务员出现了。A. The manager经理；B. A friend朋友；C. A waiter服务员；D. The servant仆人。从其后的行为可知这个人就是出来给这对夫妇上酒菜的服务员。故选C。 【20题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他停顿了一下，走到水里摆好桌子，听客人点菜，然后走回其他顾客的欢呼声中。A. set设置；B. wash洗涤；C. remove去除；D. check检查。根据后文“the table”可知是在桌子上摆放餐具，set the table符合句意。故选A。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他停顿了一下，走到水里摆好桌子，听客人点菜，然后走回其他顾客的欢呼声中。A. menu菜单；B. bill账单；C. food食物；D. order订单。take one's order听客人点菜（order）是餐馆服务人员对客人的一系列服务之一。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他停顿了一下，走到水里摆好桌子，听客人点菜，然后走回其他顾客的欢呼声中。A. loud大声的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. final最后的。根据后文“cheers”可知其他顾客在大声欢呼。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他停顿了一下，走到水里摆好桌子，听客人点菜，然后走回其他顾客的欢呼声中。A. tourists游客；B. customers顾客；C. fellows伙伴们；D. assistants助手。根据情景可知这是指咖啡馆里的顾客。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：他没有停下来，再一次走到水里去端酒。A. at last最后；B. in time及时；C. once more再一次；D. as well也。上文提到服务员第一次到水里为他们摆桌子，点菜，这是服务员第二次下水，故选C。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他没有停下来，又一次走到水里去端酒。A. change改变；B. drink喝；C. sell销售；D. serve上(菜，饮料)等，服务。根据后文“the wine”拿来的酒是客人点的所以选serve：上酒。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人群欢呼并向他们投掷鲜花作为回应。A. replied回应；B. insisted坚持；C. agreed同意；D. understood理解。根据上句那对夫妇对大家祝酒，所以其他人在回应（replied）故选A。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：另外三张桌子也加入了，一起在水里吃午饭。A. prepared准备；B. joined in加入；C. settled up解决；D. continued继续。根据上下文“Three other tables…to have lunch in the water”可知其他人也加入到水中用餐的行列，所以选joined in。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：通常不会在海里为顾客服务。A. with pleasure快乐地；B. in the café在咖啡馆里；C. in the sea在海里；D. with wine带有酒味。联系并列的上一句和上面的“have lunch in the water”可知通常不会在水里上菜。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时我们应该考虑跨越常规，充分享受生活。A. following跟随；B. keeping保持；C. limiting限制；D. crossing跨越，穿过。根据文章内容可知这对夫妇把桌子搬到了水里吃饭，打破了常规，所以有时人们应该考虑跨越（crossing）常规。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时我们应该考虑跨越常规，充分享受生活。A. life生活；B. wine红酒；C. lunch午餐；D. time时间。根据文章内容可知此处想表达的是，有时候跨越常规才能充分享受生活（life）。其它选项不符合语境。故选A。 第四节 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） A Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone’s life? If yes, don’t care about sex or age! Come and join us, then you’ll make it! Position: Volunteer Social Care Assistant (No Pay with Free Meals) Place: Manchester Hours: Part Time We are now looking for volunteers to support people with learning disabilities to live active lives! Only 4 days left. Don’t miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others! Role: You will provide people with learning disabilities with all aspects of their daily lives. You will help them to develop new skills. You will help them to protect their rights and their safety. But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued. Skills and Experience Required: You will have the right values and great listening skills. You will be honest and patient. You will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since you’ll have to help those people with different learning disabilities. Previous care-related experience will be a great advantage for you. 31. What does the underlined part mean? A. You’ll make others’ lives more meaningful with this job. B. You’ll arrive home just in time from this job. C. You’ll earn a good salary from this job. D. You’ll succeed in getting this job. 32. The volunteers’ primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities ________. A. to get some financial support B. to properly protect themselves C. to learn some new living skills D. to realize their own importance 33. Which of the following can first be chosen as a volunteer? A The one who can drive a car. B. The one who has done similar work before. C. The one who has patience to listen to others. D. The one who can use English to communicate. 【答案】31. A 32. D 33. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一则广告，其内容是招聘志愿者来照顾有学习障碍的人。 【31题详解】 A 猜测词义。根据make it的本意“做到，成功”及结合文章前两句话“Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone’s life？If yes, don’t care about sex or age! Come and join us, then you’ll make it! ”你想工作后回家时知道你在别人的生活中与众不同了吗？如果是的就不要在乎性别或年龄，来加入我们，然后你会做到，因此你的工作会使他人的生活更有意义，故选A 【32题详解】 D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段末句“But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued。”可知这个组织的责任是帮助学习障碍的人意识到自己的重要性。所以答案为D。 【33题详解】 B 细节理解。根据文章末句“Previous care-related experience will be a great advantage for you”可知以前做过相似工作的人会被优先选择。答案为B。 B It was one of those terribly hot days in Baltimore. Needless to say, it was too hot to do anything outside. But it was also scorching in our apartment. This was 1962, and I would not live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten years. So my brother and I decided to leave the apartment to find someplace indoors. He suggested we could see a movie. It was a brilliant plan. Movie theaters were one of the few places you could sit all day and — most important — sit in air conditioning. In those days, you could buy one ticket and sit through two movies. Then, the theater would show the same two movies again. If you wanted to, you could sit through them twice. Most people did not do that, but the manager at our theater, Mr. Bellow, did not mind if you did. That particular day, my brother and I sat through both movies twice, trying to escape the heat. We bought three bags of popcorn and three sodas each. Then, we sat and watched The Music Man followed by The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. We’d already seen the second movie once before. It had been at the theater since January, because Mr. Bellow loved anything with John Wayne in it. We left the theater around 8, just before the evening shows began. But we returned the next day and saw the same two movies again, twice more. And we did it the next day too. Finally, on the fourth day, the heat wave broke. Still, to this day I can sing half the songs in The Music Man and recite half of John Wayne and Jimmy Stewart’s dialogue from The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance! Those memories are some of the few I have of the heat wave of 1962. They’re really memories of the screen, not memories of my life. 34. In which year did the author first live in a place with an air conditioner? A. 1952. B. 1962. C. 1972. D. 1982. 35. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. The heat. B. The theater. C. The Music Man. D. The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. 36. Why did the author and his brother see the same movies several times? A. The two movies were really wonderful. B. They wanted to avoid the heat outside. C. The manager of the theater was friendly. D. They liked the popcorn and the soda at the theater. 37. Which of the following is True according to the last paragraph? A. The author turned out to be a great singer. B. The author enjoyed the heat wave of 1962. C. The author’s life has been changed by the two movies. D. The author considers the experience at the theater unforgettable. 【答案】34. C 35. D 36. B 37. D 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和哥哥为了应对1962年的热浪，在电影院享受空调同时欣赏电影的经历。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“This was 1962, and I would not live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten years.(那是1962年，在接下来的十年里，我都不会住在有空调的地方)”可知，作者在1972年才开始住在有空调的地方。故选C。 【35题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“Then, we sat and watched The Music Man followed by The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. We’d already seen the second movie once before. It had been at the theater since January, because Mr. Bellow loved anything with John Wayne in it.(然后，我们坐下来看了《欢乐音乐妙无穷》，接着看了《双虎屠龙》。我们之前已经看过第二部了。它从今年1月就在影院上映了，因为贝娄喜欢任何有约翰·韦恩参演的电影)”可知，it在此句中指代前文提到的第二部电影——《双虎屠龙》。故选D。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“That particular day, my brother and I sat through both movies twice, trying to escape the heat.(那天，我和哥哥坐着看了两场电影，想要躲避一下炎热)”及第四段“But we returned the next day and saw the same two movies again, twice more. And we did it the next day too. Finally, on the fourth day, the heat wave broke.(但第二天我们又去看了同样的两部电影，又看了两遍。第二天我们也这么做了。最后，在第四天，热浪消退了)”可知，作者和哥哥看了几次相同的电影是为了避开外面的高温。故选B。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Still, to this day I can sing half the songs in The Music Man and recite half of John Wayne and Jimmy Stewart’s dialogue from The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance! Those memories are some of the few I have of the heat wave of 1962. They’re really memories of the screen, not memories of my life.(然而，直到今天，我还能唱《欢乐音乐妙无穷》中一半的歌曲，背诵一半的《双虎屠龙》中约翰·韦恩的对话！这些是我对1962年热浪仅有的记忆。它们实际上是对屏幕的记忆，而不是对我生活的记忆)”可推知，作者认为在剧院的经历影响自己到现在，令人难忘。故选D。 C When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short. Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react. Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do. Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth. Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate (亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on. 38. What does a plant do when it is under attack? A. It makes noises. B. It gets help from other plants. C. It stands quietly D. It sends out certain chemicals. 39. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3? A. The attackers get attacked. B. The insects gather under the table. C. The plants get ready to fight back. D. The perfumes attract natural enemies. 40. Scientists find from their studies that plants can ________. A. predict natural disasters B. protect themselves against insects C. talk to one another intentionally D. help their neighbors when necessary 41. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. The world is changing faster than ever. B. People have stronger senses than before C. The world is more complex than it seems D. People in Darwin’s time were imaginative. 【答案】38. D 39. A 40. B 41. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，当多叶植物受到攻击时，它们不会坐以待毙，会发出挥发性有机化合物，以此来保护自己或者与周围的植物通过化学物质进行交流。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.”（早在1983年，两位科学家杰克·舒尔茨和伊恩·鲍德温就报告说，小枫树被昆虫咬后会散发出一种特殊的气味，邻近的植物也能闻到。这些化学物质来自植物受损的部分，似乎是一种警报。植物排出的是一种被称为挥发性有机化合物(简称VOCs)的化学混合物。）可知，当植物受到伤害时，会分泌一种特殊的化学物质。故选D项。 【39题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.”（正在吃午餐的攻击者现在变成了植物的午餐）可推知，此处为一旦它们到达这里，局面就反转了然后这些攻击者就会成为植物的午餐。故可猜测划线短语the tables are turned为“形势发生了逆转”的意思，即“攻击者受到攻击”。故选A项。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.”（科学家们发现，所有种类的植物在受到攻击时都会释放出挥发性有机化合物。）以及第三段第一句“Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.”（有些植物会排出有气味的化学物质来驱赶昆虫。）可知，植物通过在受到攻击时释放有味的化学物质来让昆虫远离它，所以植物能保护自己不受昆虫攻击。故选B项。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.”（150多年前，查尔斯·达尔文设想了一个比我们所能看到和听到的世界更繁忙、更嘈杂、更亲密的世界。我们的感官很弱。发生了很多事情。）可知，这个世界远比我们看到或听到的更热闹、更亲密，我们认知能力有限，有很多事仍在继续发生，远比我们想象的要复杂。由此可推知，世界比看起来要复杂得多。故选C项。 D Choosing the Right Resolution (决定) Millions of Americans began 2014 with the same resolution they started 2013 with, a goal of losing weight. However, setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake. To reach our goal of losing weight — the output, we need to control what we eat — the input (输入). That is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input. This is a bad way to construct goals. The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input. Instead of resolving to lose weight, try an actionable resolution: “I’ll stop having desert for lunch,” or “I’ll walk every day for 20 minutes.” Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome. Recently a new science behind incentives (激励), including in education, has been discussed. For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school. In some cases, he gave students incentives based on input, like reading certain books, while in others, the incentives were based on output, like results on exams. His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect on output. Fryer’s conclusion was that the intensives for inputs might be more effective because do not know how to do better on exam, aside from general rules like “study harder.” Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over which they have much more control. As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have a much higher chance of success. And it’s easier to start again if you fail, because you know exactly what you need to do. If you want to cut down on your spending, a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a cafe, for example. This is a well-specified action-based goal for which you can measure your success easily. Spending less money isn’t a goal because it’s too general. Similarly, if you want to spend more time with your family, don’t stop with this general wish. Think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to, like a family movie night every Wednesday. In the long run, these new goals could become a habit. 42. The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because . A. it is hard to achieve for most Americans B. it is focused too much on the result C. it is dependent on too many things D. it is based on actionable decisions 43. In Roland Fryer’s research, some students did better than the others because . A. they obeyed all the general rules B. they paid more attention to exams C. they were motivated by their classmates D. they were rewarded for reading some books 44. According to the writer, which of the following statements is a good goal? A. “I’ll give up dessert.” B. “I’ll study harder.” C. “I’ll cut down my expense” D. “I’ll spend more time with my family” 45. The writer strongly believes that we should . A. develop good habits and focus on the outcome B. be optimistic about final goals and stick to them C. pick specific actions that can be turned into good habits D. set ambitious goals that can balance the input and output 【答案】42. B 43. D 44. A 45. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章举例说明在我们制定目标的时候，应选择可以变成好习惯的具体行动，而不要过于笼统地注重结果。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“To reach our goal of losing weight—the output, we need to control what we eat—the input (输入). That is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input. This is a bad way to construct goals. (为了达到减肥的目标——输出，我们需要控制我们的饮食——输入。也就是说，我们倾向于关心输出，而不是控制输入。这不是一种构建目标的好方法。)”和“Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome. (创建一个专注于明确输入的目标可能比专注于结果更有效。)”可知，作者认为把减肥作为一个目标是错误的，因为过于注重结果。故选B项。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school. In some cases, he gave students incentives based on input, like reading certain books, while in others, the incentives were based on output, like results on exams. (例如，研究人员Roland Fryer想看看什么能最有效地激励孩子在学校表现得更好。在某些情况下，他根据输入给学生奖励，比如阅读某些书籍，而在其他情况下，奖励是基于输出，比如考试成绩。)”可知，在Roland Fryer的研究中，因为有些学生读了一些书而得到了奖励，所以他们比其他人做得更好。故选D项。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Instead of resolving to lose weight, try an actionable resolution: “I’ll stop having desert for lunch ” or “I’ll walk every day for 20 minutes.” Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.(与其下定决心减肥，不如尝试一个切实可行的决心：“我午饭不再吃甜点”或“我每天步行20分钟”。制定一个专注于明确输入的目标可能比专注于结果更有效)”及第三段“Fryer’s conclusion was that the intensives for inputs might be more effective because students do not know how to do better on exam aside from general rules like “study harder.” Reading certain books on the other hand is a well-set task over which they have much more control.(弗莱尔的结论是，强化输入可能更有效，因为学生不知道如何在考试中取得更好的成绩，除了像“更努力地学习”这样的一般规则。另一方面，阅读某些书籍是一项很好的任务，他们有更多的控制权)”及文章倒数第二段“If you want to cut down on your spending, a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a cafe for example. This is a well-specified action-based goal for which you can measure your success easily. Spending less money isn’t a goal because it’s too general. Similarly if you want to spend more time with your family don’t stop with this general wish. Think bout an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to like a family movie night every Wednesday.(如果你想减少开支，一个很好的目标是早上在家里煮咖啡，而不是去咖啡馆。这是一个明确的基于行动的目标，你可以很容易地衡量你的成功。少花钱不是一个目标，因为它太笼统了。同样，如果你想花更多的时间和你的家人在一起，不要止步于这个笼统的愿望。想一个可行的习惯，你可以采纳并坚持，比如每周三的家庭电影之夜。)”可知，作者认为比较具体可行的，注重过程的目标是好的目标，笼统泛泛，只注重结果的目标不是好目标，在四个选项中A项“我将放弃甜食”是具体的目标，其他都是笼统的目标。故选A项。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Similarly, if you want to spend more time with your family, don’t stop with this general wish. Think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to, like a family movie night every Wednesday. (同样，如果你想花更多的时间和家人在一起，不要止步于这个普遍的愿望。想一个你可以养成并坚持的可行习惯，比如每周三全家一起看电影。)”可知，作者建议我们应该选择可以变成好习惯的具体行动。故选C项。 第五节 阅读表达（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读表达 It was the first day of my senior year and we were choosing our classes. There were two choices for English. Mrs. McCabe was a lovely lady, whose curriculum (课程) consisted mostly of showing films based on literary classics. And Mrs. McDougal was known to be a demanding and terrifying teacher, who assumed all her students were going on to college. She wouldn’t stand her students’ not making great efforts. If any student wasn’t sedulous, she would fail him/ her. I had determined to go to college, so I swallowed hard and chose Mrs. McDougal’s class. Her curriculum was truly challenging. It included basic grammar and parts of speech, spelling and vocabulary, writing styles, and literature. We each needed to read at least four novels from her College Prep Reading List and give a ten-minute book report on one of our reading assignments. One day, while we were all quietly reading, Mrs. McDougal signaled me to follow her into the hall. “Have I done something wrong?” I wondered. To my surprise, she told me that I was more than just a good writer, I was a promising author. And she strongly encouraged me to write on my own and submit my work for publication. She said she had already sent one of my essays to a publishing company, and that they were going to use it. I was so excited at that moment. Finally, I did enter the college and continued writing. Years later, I published many books. At the 50th Reunion of my senior class, we shared old stories of Mrs. McDougal’s demanding English class. As we talked, we discovered she had taken each of us aside privately and encouraged us to follow a talent we had. Some became excellent teachers or professors; others became excellent professionals in various fields. When we told our achievements to Mrs. McDougal, she was so proud. 46. What does the underlined word in paragraph 1 probably mean?（1 word） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 47. Why did the writer choose Mrs. McDougal’s class?（no more than 10words） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 48. What did Mrs. McDougal encourage the writer to do? （no more than 10words） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 49. What made Mrs. McDougal proud?（no more than 10 words） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 50. What do you think of Mrs. McDougal’s class?（no more than 20 words） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】46. Hard-working. 47. Because he had made up his mind to enter college. 48. To develop his talent for writing. 49. Her students’ achievements in their careers. 50. Though her class was challenging, it helped students make great progress and had a positive influence on their future development. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在高中最后一年选择英语课时，选择了以严格著称的McDougal老师的课程，尽管课程具有挑战性，但McDougal老师发现了作者的写作天赋并鼓励他发展这一才能，最终作者成功进入大学并成为作家。 【46题详解】 考查词句猜测。根据第一段“She wouldn’t stand her students’ not making great efforts. If any student wasn’t sedulous, she would fail him/her.(麦克杜格尔夫人不能忍受学生不努力，如果学生不“sedulous”，就会让其不及格。)”可推测，sedulous意思是“勤奋的；努力的”，即Hard-working。故答案是Hard-working. 47题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“I had determined to go to college, so I swallowed hard and chose Mrs. McDougal’s class.(我已经下定决心要上大学，所以我硬着头皮选择了麦克杜格尔夫人的课程。)”可知，作者选择麦克杜格尔夫人的课是因为他下定决心要上大学。故答案是Because he had made up his mind to enter college. 【48题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“To my surprise, she told me that I was more than just a good writer, I was a promising author. And she strongly encouraged me to write on my own and submit my work for publication.(令我惊讶的是，她告诉我，我不仅仅是一名优秀的作家，我还是一位很有前途的作家。并且她极力鼓励我进行独立创作，并将我的作品投稿发表。)”可知，麦克杜格尔老师鼓励作者发挥自己的写作才能。故答案是To develop his talent for writing. 【49题详解】 考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Some became excellent teachers or professors; others became excellent professionals in various fields. When we told our achievements to Mrs. McDougal, she was so proud.(一些人成为了优秀的教师或教授；另一些人则在各个领域成为了出色的专业人士。当我们把自己取得的成就告诉麦克杜格尔老师时，她感到无比骄傲。)”可知，学生们在事业上的成就让McDougal老师感到自豪。故答案是Her students’ achievements in their careers. 【50题详解】 考查推理判断。根据第二段“Her curriculum was truly challenging.(她的课程确实具有挑战性。)”以及最后一段“As we talked, we discovered she had taken each of us aside privately and encouraged us to follow a talent we had. Some became excellent teachers or professors; others became excellent professionals in various fields(在我们交谈时，我们发现她曾私下把我们每个人叫到一旁，鼓励我们发挥自己所拥有的才能。一些人成为了优秀的教师或教授；另一些人则在各个领域成为了出色的专业人士。)”可知，McDougal老师的课程很有挑战性，她鼓励学生追求自己的天赋，对学生未来的发展有积极的影响。故答案是Though her class was challenging, it helped students make great progress and had a positive influence on their future development. 第六节 书面表达（满分15分） 51. 假定你是李津，去年是一名交换生（exchange student）去美国学习，得到布朗一家的照顾，回国后写一封感谢信给布朗夫妇，要点如下： 1. 感谢生活上的关心，克服了思乡病。 2. 感谢学习上的帮助，口语进步很大。 3. 欢迎到中国做客。 参考词：思乡病homesickness Dear Mr. and Mrs. Brown, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Mr. and Mrs. Brown, How is everything going with you? I’m writing to convey my sincere appreciation for your thoughtful care during my stay in America last year. I still remember those unforgettable days we spent together, when I was treated as a family member. It is considerate of you to take care of me. In other words, but for your assistance, I wouldn’t have overcome my homesickness. Meanwhile, it was your generosity and selfless help that gave me precious guidance on my study. And I am grateful that my spoken English has been improved remarkably as a result of your help. I am deeply grateful to you and I really desire to return your favor. I hope you can visit China and I will treat you friendly as you treated me before. Best wishes for your health and every happiness. Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给布朗夫妇写一封感谢信，感谢你在美国期间他们一家对你的照顾。 【详解】1.词汇积累 表达：convey→express 照顾：take care of→look after 与此同时：meanwhile→in the same time 感激的：grateful→thankful 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m writing to convey my sincere appreciation for your thoughtful care during my stay in America last year. 拓展句：I’m writing to convey my sincere appreciation for the thoughtful care that you offered during my stay in America last year. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I still remember those unforgettable days we spent together, when I was treated as a family member.（运用了that引导的定语从句，that被省略，when引导的非限定性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Meanwhile, it was your generosity and selfless help that gave me precious guidance on my study.（运用了强调句型） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 二十中学2024-2025学年度第二学期高一年级英语学科 期中测试 第一节 听力（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题， 1. What is the time probably now? A. 4:40 B. 5:00 C. 5:20 2. What is the woman going to do? A. Have a coffee B. Attend a meeting C. Go to the man’s office 3. What are the speakers talking about? A. Their future plans B. Evening classes C. An exhibition 4. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a hotel B. In a hospital C. In a restaurant 5. What is the woman probably doing A. Seeing a doctor B. Buying a handbag C. Trying on a piece of clothing 第二节 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8小题。 6. What day is it today? A. Friday. B. Saturday. C. Sunday. 7. What did the man like best about the party? A. The food B. The games. C. The music 8. How did the man get home after the party? A. He walked home. B. He drove home C. He took a bus home 听下面一段对话，回答第9至第11小题。 9. What season is it now? A. Spring. B Summer C. Autumn 10. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Rent a car B. sell her bike. C. Ride around the city. 11. How much will the woman pay in total? A. 6.5 euros B. 13 euros C. 26 euros. 听下面一段独白，回答第12至第15小题 12. Which place has no staff? A. Abercorn House Hostel B. Hilton London Green Park C. Hampton Court Motor Cruiser. 13. Which place is your best choice for your child? A. Abercorn House Hostel B. Hilton London Green Park C. Hampton Court Motor Cruiser 14. Where can the visitors enjoy different kinds of breakfast? A. On 28-30 Bute Gardens B. On 12 Osborn Street C. On 4-6 Half Moon Street 15. How is Abercorn House Hostel different from the rest? A. It has air-conditioned rooms B. It has non-smoking rooms C. It charges for Wi-Fi service 第二节 单项选择（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 1. —My invention of the flying bike received the patent (专利) yesterday. —______! You may be an Edison one day. A. Good luck B. Good for you C. No problem D. With pleasure 2. Many young people, most ______ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. A. of who B. of them C. of whom D. of those 3. At our factory there are a few machines similar to ________ described in this magazine. A. them B. these C. those D. ones 4. Your learning ________ needs to be adjusted a little so that you will have some time for your own hobbies. A. embarrassment B. complexity C. concern D. strategy 5. ---- The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. ---- Oh, dear! She _______ a lot of difficulties! A. may go through B. might go through C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through 6. ________by many negative reports, some people wrongly regard teenagers as lacking a sense of responsibility and concern for others. A. Influenced B. To be influenced C. Having influenced D. Being influenced 7. — I’m so sorry for what I said to you yesterday. — Forget it! I know you were just letting off ______. A. emotions B. liquid C. feelings D. steam 8. In my opinion, punishment, ________ carefully and justly used, will have a negative impact on individuals’ development. A. if B. unless C. until D. once 9. The musician along with his band members ________ ten performances in the last three months. A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give 10. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left ____________. A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied 第三节 完型填空（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分） On a hot summer day in late August, I sought shade and a cool drink at a waterfront café on a Greek island. Over a hundred degrees in ___11___air. Crowded. Tempers(脾气)of both the tour- ists and waiters had ___12___ to meet the situation, making it a rather quarrelsome environment. At the table next to mine sat an attractive, ___13___couple, waiting for___14___. They held hands, whispered, kissed, and laughed. Suddenly they stood, picked up their____15____and stepped together ___16___ the edge of where they were sitting to place the table in the sea water. The man stepped___17___for the two chairs. He politely___18___his lady in the knee-deep water and then sat down himself. All people around laughed and cheered. ___19___appeared. He paused for just a second, walked into the water to ____20____the table and take their___21___ , and then walked back to the ____22____cheers of the rest of his ____23____. Minutes later he returned carrying a bottle of wine and two glasses. Without pausing, he went ___24___ into the water to _____25_____ the wine. The couple toasted(祝酒)each other, the waiter and the crowd. And the crowd ___26___ by cheering and throwing flowers to them. Three other tables___27___to have lunch in the water. The place was now filled with laughter. One doesn’t step into water in one’s best summer clothes. Why not? Customers are not served ____28____. Why not? Sometimes one should consider____29____the line of convention(常规)and enjoy___30___to the fullest. 11. A. fresh B. cool C. still D. thin 12. A. managed B. expected C. attempted D. risen 13. A. lonely B. curious C. well-dressed D. bad-tempered 14. A. cheers B. service C. attention D. flowers 15. A. metal table B. empty bottle C. chairs D. bags 16. A. on B. off C. around D. along 17. A. outside B. forward C. down D. back 18. A. led B. seated C. watched D. received 19. A. The manager B. A friend C. A waiter D. The servant 20. A. set B. wash C. remove D. check 21. A. menu B. bill C. food D. order 22. A. loud B. anxious C. familiar D. final 23. A. tourists B. customers C. fellows D. assistants 24. A. at last B. in time C. once more D. as well 25. A. change B. drink C. sell D. serve 26. A. replied B. insisted C. agreed D. understood 27. A. prepared B. joined in C. settled up D. continued 28. A. with pleasure B. in the café C. in the sea D. with wine 29. A. following B. keeping C. limiting D. crossing 30. A. life B. wine C. lunch D. time 第四节 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） A Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone’s life? If yes, don’t care about sex or age! Come and join us, then you’ll make it! Position: Volunteer Social Care Assistant (No Pay with Free Meals) Place: Manchester Hours: Part Time We are now looking for volunteers to support people with learning disabilities to live active lives! Only 4 days left. Don’t miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others! Role: You will provide people with learning disabilities with all aspects of their daily lives. You will help them to develop new skills. You will help them to protect their rights and their safety. But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued. Skills and Experience Required: You will have the right values and great listening skills. You will be honest and patient. You will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since you’ll have to help those people with different learning disabilities. Previous care-related experience will be a great advantage for you. 31 What does the underlined part mean? A. You’ll make others’ lives more meaningful with this job. B. You’ll arrive home just in time from this job. C. You’ll earn a good salary from this job. D. You’ll succeed in getting this job. 32. The volunteers’ primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities ________. A. to get some financial support B. to properly protect themselves C. to learn some new living skills D. to realize their own importance 33. Which of the following can first be chosen as a volunteer? A. The one who can drive a car. B. The one who has done similar work before. C. The one who has patience to listen to others. D. The one who can use English to communicate. B It was one of those terribly hot days in Baltimore. Needless to say, it was too hot to do anything outside. But it was also scorching in our apartment. This was 1962, and I would not live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten years. So my brother and I decided to leave the apartment to find someplace indoors. He suggested we could see a movie. It was a brilliant plan. Movie theaters were one of the few places you could sit all day and — most important — sit in air conditioning. In those days, you could buy one ticket and sit through two movies. Then, the theater would show the same two movies again. If you wanted to, you could sit through them twice. Most people did not do that, but the manager at our theater, Mr. Bellow, did not mind if you did. That particular day, my brother and I sat through both movies twice, trying to escape the heat. We bought three bags of popcorn and three sodas each. Then, we sat and watched The Music Man followed by The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. We’d already seen the second movie once before. It had been at the theater since January, because Mr. Bellow loved anything with John Wayne in it. We left the theater around 8, just before the evening shows began. But we returned the next day and saw the same two movies again, twice more. And we did it the next day too. Finally, on the fourth day, the heat wave broke. Still, to this day I can sing half the songs in The Music Man and recite half of John Wayne and Jimmy Stewart’s dialogue from The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance! Those memories are some of the few I have of the heat wave of 1962. They’re really memories of the screen, not memories of my life. 34. In which year did the author first live in a place with an air conditioner? A. 1952. B. 1962. C. 1972. D. 1982. 35. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. The heat. B. The theater. C. The Music Man. D. The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. 36. Why did the author and his brother see the same movies several times? A. The two movies were really wonderful. B. They wanted to avoid the heat outside. C The manager of the theater was friendly. D. They liked the popcorn and the soda at the theater. 37. Which of the following is True according to the last paragraph? A. The author turned out to be a great singer. B. The author enjoyed the heat wave of 1962. C. The author’s life has been changed by the two movies. D. The author considers the experience at the theater unforgettable. C When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short. Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react. Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do. Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth. Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate (亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on. 38 What does a plant do when it is under attack? A. It makes noises. B. It gets help from other plants. C. It stands quietly D. It sends out certain chemicals. 39. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3? A. The attackers get attacked. B. The insects gather under the table. C. The plants get ready to fight back. D. The perfumes attract natural enemies. 40. Scientists find from their studies that plants can ________. A. predict natural disasters B. protect themselves against insects C. talk to one another intentionally D. help their neighbors when necessary 41. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. The world is changing faster than ever. B. People have stronger senses than before C. The world is more complex than it seems D. People in Darwin’s time were imaginative. D Choosing the Right Resolution (决定) Millions of Americans began 2014 with the same resolution they started 2013 with, a goal of losing weight. However, setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake. To reach our goal of losing weight — the output, we need to control what we eat — the input (输入). That is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input. This is a bad way to construct goals. The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input. Instead of resolving to lose weight, try an actionable resolution: “I’ll stop having desert for lunch,” or “I’ll walk every day for 20 minutes.” Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome. Recently a new science behind incentives (激励), including in education, has been discussed. For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school. In some cases, he gave students incentives based on input, like reading certain books, while in others, the incentives were based on output, like results on exams. His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect on output. Fryer’s conclusion was that the intensives for inputs might be more effective because do not know how to do better on exam, aside from general rules like “study harder.” Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over which they have much more control. As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have a much higher chance of success. And it’s easier to start again if you fail, because you know exactly what you need to do. If you want to cut down on your spending, a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a cafe, for example. This is a well-specified action-based goal for which you can measure your success easily. Spending less money isn’t a goal because it’s too general. Similarly, if you want to spend more time with your family, don’t stop with this general wish. Think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to, like a family movie night every Wednesday. In the long run, these new goals could become a habit. 42. The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because . A. it is hard to achieve for most Americans B. it is focused too much on the result C. it is dependent on too many things D. it is based on actionable decisions 43. In Roland Fryer’s research, some students did better than the others because . A. they obeyed all the general rules B. they paid more attention to exams C. they were motivated by their classmates D they were rewarded for reading some books 44. According to the writer, which of the following statements is a good goal? A. “I’ll give up dessert.” B. “I’ll study harder.” C. “I’ll cut down my expense” D. “I’ll spend more time with my family” 45. The writer strongly believes that we should . A. develop good habits and focus on the outcome B. be optimistic about final goals and stick to them C. pick specific actions that can be turned into good habits D. set ambitious goals that can balance the input and output 第五节 阅读表达（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读表达 It was the first day of my senior year and we were choosing our classes. There were two choices for English. Mrs. McCabe was a lovely lady, whose curriculum (课程) consisted mostly of showing films based on literary classics. And Mrs. McDougal was known to be a demanding and terrifying teacher, who assumed all her students were going on to college. She wouldn’t stand her students’ not making great efforts. If any student wasn’t sedulous, she would fail him/ her. I had determined to go to college, so I swallowed hard and chose Mrs. McDougal’s class. Her curriculum was truly challenging. It included basic grammar and parts of speech, spelling and vocabulary, writing styles, and literature. We each needed to read at least four novels from her College Prep Reading List and give a ten-minute book report on one of our reading assignments. One day, while we were all quietly reading, Mrs. McDougal signaled me to follow her into the hall. “Have I done something wrong?” I wondered. To my surprise, she told me that I was more than just a good writer, I was a promising author. And she strongly encouraged me to write on my own and submit my work for publication. She said she had already sent one of my essays to a publishing company, and that they were going to use it. I was so excited at that moment. Finally, I did enter the college and continued writing. Years later, I published many books. At the 50th Reunion of my senior class, we shared old stories of Mrs. McDougal’s demanding English class. As we talked, we discovered she had taken each of us aside privately and encouraged us to follow a talent we had. Some became excellent teachers or professors; others became excellent professionals in various fields. When we told our achievements to Mrs. McDougal, she was so proud. 46. What does the underlined word in paragraph 1 probably mean?（1 word） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 47. Why did the writer choose Mrs. McDougal’s class?（no more than 10words） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 48. What did Mrs. McDougal encourage the writer to do? （no more than 10words） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 49. What made Mrs. McDougal proud?（no more than 10 words） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 50. What do you think of Mrs. McDougal’s class?（no more than 20 words） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 第六节 书面表达（满分15分） 51. 假定你是李津，去年是一名交换生（exchange student）去美国学习，得到布朗一家的照顾，回国后写一封感谢信给布朗夫妇，要点如下： 1. 感谢生活上的关心，克服了思乡病。 2. 感谢学习上的帮助，口语进步很大。 3. 欢迎到中国做客 参考词：思乡病homesickness Dear Mr. and Mrs. Brown, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$