Unit 3 Food and Culture Learning About Language 过去完成时课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

过去完成时 & 过去完成时的 被动语态 CONTENTS 01 一、过去完成时 02 二、基本用法 03 三、与现在完成时的区别 04 四、过去完成时的被动语态 一、过去完成时 01 表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。在英语时态中，“时”指s动作发生的时间，“态”指动作的样子和状态。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果。由“had＋过去分词”构成。 基本结构 (2)否定句：主语＋had＋not＋动词过去分词＋其他。 (1)肯定句：主语＋had＋动词过去分词＋其他。 He had already been to NewYork earlier in the week. At that time we hadn't met her. (3)疑问句：Had＋主语＋动词过去分词＋其他？ —Had you visited here before? —Yes，I had./No，I hadn't. (5)被动语态：主语＋had(not)＋been＋动词过去分词＋其他。 (4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？ Where had you been before you came here? By the end of last yearall the preparatory work had been done. 04 05 03 01 02 二、基本用法 02 1．表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 eg: By nine o'clock lastnight，we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 2．表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for，since构成的时间状语连用。 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 3．叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 Mr. Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine I didn't know a thing about the verbs，for I had not studied my lesson. 4．在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。eg: I returned the book that I had borrowed. She found the key that she had lost. 5．过去完成时常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 He said that he had known her well I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 6．状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如：when，before，after，assoon as，till/until引导的复合句。 When I woke up，it had already stopped raining. She didn't go to bed until she had finished her work. 注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。eg: After he arrived in England，Marx worked hard to improve his English. 01 02 8．过去完成时还可用在hardly...when...，no sooner...than ...，it was the first (second，etc)time (that)．..等固定句型中。 Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 7．动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。 They had wanted to help but could not get there in time We had hoped to be able to come and see you. [即学即练2]　单句语法填空 We_______ (build) five new buildings by the end of last year. I could see from her face that she ________ (receive) some good news. He said he_______ (be) there before. We realized we _______ (lose) our way. We ______ (hope) that you would be able to visit us. The task ______ (finish) before 12：00 yesterday. When I got to the station，the train ______ (leave)． had built had received had been had lost had hoped had been finished had left 三、与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以now的时间为基点，但侧重对now产生的结果或造成的影响； 过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。 比较： I have learned 1，000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。 I had learned 1，000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。 —I'm sorry to keep you waiting.——对不起，让你久等了。 —Oh，not at all.I have been here only a few minutes.——没什么，我只等了几分钟。 12 [即学即练3]　单句语法填空 ①The concert  (start)．We have to look for our seats in the dark. ②You're too late；the train   (leave)． ③He   (teach) English for twenty years when he retired. ④They   (get) everything ready before I came. has started has left had taught had got 四、过去完成时的被动语态 过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的结合。表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。由“had＋been＋过去分词”构成。 基础形式 (1)肯定结构：主语＋ had been done ＋其他成分。 (2)否定结构：主语＋had not been done ＋其他成分。 (3)疑问句结构：had＋主语＋ been done ＋其他成分？ 疑问词＋had ＋主语＋ been done ＋其他成分？ 表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。 By the time he got to the school，the first class had been finished. 根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。 As the assignment had been done，he went on to search the Internet. 在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。 They said the production costs had been reduced. 常用情况 单句语法填空 The earthquake ______ (predict) several days before. Our classroom ______ (clean)．You needn't clean it now. The device ______  (use) operationally some months previously. The child______ (take) care of by grandma all these years. had been predicted had been used  has been cleaned has been taken $$