阅读理解 主题语境3 1.自然生态 题组2 -【高考密码】备战2025年高考英语2020-2024五年真题分类汇编

Part One 阅读理解 题组二易记录: Passage 1(2024·全国甲卷·B篇) 1. What can be learned about cats' meowing from Animals can express their needs using a lot of the first paragraph? ways. For instance, almost all animals have A. It's a survival skill distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either B. It's taught by mother cats. ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or C. It's hard to interpret. look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who D. It's getting louder with age. possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able 2. How does a pet cat assess different situations? to have entire conversations with humans using A. By listening for sounds. B. By touching familiar objects. meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat C. By checking on smells. is hungry,it will keep meowing to attract attention D. By communicating with other cats. and find food. However, when a cat is looking for 3. Which best explains the phrase"take. .. up a affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft notch" in paragraph 3? meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is A. Perform appropriately. brought to life and uses it to get the mother's B. Move faster. attention and be fed. C. Act strangely Cats have many heightened senses, but their D. Do better. sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their 4. What is a suitable title for the text? noses to assess their environment and look out for A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific B. Understanding Your Cat's Behavior areas before they choose a place to relax. C. Have Fun with Your Cat However, another way the cats are able to D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy distinguish between situations is by looking for Passage 2(2023·全国甲卷·D篇) familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2. 5 and store the smell in its memory and use it to m long and weigh over 4oo kg, occupy a conflicted recognize you in the future. That's why most pet corner of the American psyche-we revere(敬畏) cats are able to tell immediately if their owners them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into were around any other cats, which they don't usually like. Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly Dogs are known for their impressive fetching bear. habit,but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many “Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their cats will find random objects outside and bring former range," says bear biologist Chris Servheen, As them to their owners. This is a very old habit grizzly bears expand their range into places where they that's been present in all kinds of predators(食肉 haven't been seen in a century or more, they're 动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show increasingly being sighted by humans they love you. These adorable little hunters are The western half of the U. S. was full of just doing something that it's been in their nature grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough since the beginning of time. So just go along number of 5o,ooo or more living alongside Native with it! Americans. By the early 197os, after centuries of 五年高考真题 分类集训 英语 cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 6oo to 4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their A. Food should be provided for grizzlies. former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975. B. People can live in harmony with grizzlies. grizzlies were listed under the Endangered C. A special path should be built for grizzlies. Species Act. D. Technology can be introduced to protect Today, there are about 2,ooo or more grizzly grizzlies. bears in the U. S.. Their recovery has been so Passage3(2021·浙江1月卷·C篇) successful that the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Researchers say they have translated the has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees(黑狸 be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to 狸) use to communicate. They say wild chimps lawsuits from conservation groups. For now. communicate 19 specific messages to one another grizzlies remain listed. with a"vocabulary" of 66 gestures. The scientists Obviously,if precautions(预防)aren't discovered this by following and filming groups of taken, grizzlies can become troublesome. chimps in Uganda, and examining more than sometimes killing farm animals or walking through 5,ooo incidents of these meaningful exchanges. yards in search of food. If people remove food and Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research. attractants from their yards and campsites. said that this was the only form of intentional grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. communication to be recorded in the animal Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had other farm animal quarters is also highly effective a system of communication where they deliberately at getting grizzlies away.“Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass sent a message to another group member. " That's what's so amazing about chimp through without learning bad habits,"says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in gestures," she said."They're the only thing that and around Missoula. looks like human language in that respect." 1. How do Americans look at grizzlies? Although previous research has shown that A. They cause mixed feelings in people. apes and monkeys can understand complex information B. They should be kept in national parks from another animal's call, the animals do not appear C. They are of high scientific value. to use their voices intentionally to communicate D. They are a symbol of American culture messages. This was a significant difference 2. What has helped the increase of the grizzly between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said population? Chimps will check to see if they have the A. The European settlers' behavior attention of the animal with which they wish to B. The expansion of bears' range. communicate. In one case, a mother presents her C. The protection by law since 1975. D. The support of Native Americans. foot to her crying baby, signaling:“Climb on 3. What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife me.”The youngster immediately jumps on to its Service from delisting grizzlies? mothers back and they travel off together. "The A. The opposition of conservation groups big message from this study is that there is another B. The successful comeback of grizzlies. species(物种) out there, that is meaningful in its C. The voice of the biologists communication, so that's not unique to humans," D. The local farmers' advocates. said Dr Hobaiter 64 Part One 阅读理解 Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from experienced less crime. In another, employees the University of Manchester, said the study was were shown to be 15% more productive when their praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the workplaces were decorated with houseplants. evolution of human language. But, she added, the The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute results were "a little disappointing”. of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further "The vagueness of the gesture meanings 一 changing the actual composition of plants in suggests either that the chimps have little to order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the functions. These include plants that have sensors information contained in their gestures and printed onto their leaves to show when they're actions," she said."Moreover, the meanings seem short of water and a plant that can detect harmful to not go beyond what other animal convey with chemicals in groundwater."We're thinking about non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf how we can engineer plants to replace functions of remains." the things that we use every day,"explained 1. What do chimps and humans have in common Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at according to Dr Hobaiter? MIT. A. Memorizing specific words One of his latest projects has been to make B. Understanding complex information. plants glow(发光) in experiments using some C. Using voices to communicate. common vegetables. Strano's team found that they D. Communicating messages on purpose. could create a faint light for three-and-a-half 2. What did Dr Shultz think of the study? hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the A. It was well designed but poorly conducted. amount needed to read by, is just a start. The B. It was a good try but the findings were limited technology, Strano said, could one day be used to C. It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable D. It was a failure but the methods deserved praise. light the rooms or even to turn trees into self- 3. What does the underlined word"gulf" in the last powered street lamps. In the future, the team hopes to develop a paragraph mean? A. Difference. B. Conflict. version of the technology that can be sprayed onto C. Balance. D. Connection. plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last 4. Which of the following is the best title for the the plant's lifetime. The engineers are also trying text? to develop an on and off "switch" where the glow A. Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a would fade when exposed to daylight. break-through Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total B. Chimpanzees developed specific communi- electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is cation skills often far removed from the power source(电源)一 C. Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the such as the distance from a power plant to street animal kingdom lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost D. Chimpanzee language: communication gestures during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could translated reduce this distance and therefore help save Passage 4(2020·全国I卷·D篇) energy. The connection between people and plants has 1. What is the first paragraph mainly about? long been the subject of scientific research. Recent A. A new study of different plants studies have found positive effects. A study B. A big fall in crime rates. conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example. C. Employees from various workplaces. discovered that greener areas of the city D. Benefits from green plants 一65 五年高考真题 分类集训 英语 2. What is the function of the sensors printed on Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who plant leaves by MIT engineers? studies the Bajau. A. To detect plants' lack of water. Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing B. To change compositions of plants. up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a C. To make the life of plants longer. living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting D. To test chemicals in plants shellfish.“We were so amazed that they could stay 3. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the underwater much longer than us local islanders," future? Dr. Jubilado said. "I could see them actually A. They will speed up energy production. walking under the sea." B. They may transmit electricity to the home. In 2015, Melissa llardo, then a graduate student C. They might help reduce energy consumption. in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard D. They could take the place of power plants. about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of 4. Which of the following can be the best title for diving could have led to the evolution of physical the text? characteristics that made the task easier for them. A. Can we grow more glowing plants? “It seemed like the perfect chance for natural B. How do we live with glowing plants? selection to act on a population,"said Dr. llardo. C. Could glowing plants replace lamps? She also said there were likely a number of other D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free? genes that help the Bajau dive. Passage 5(2020·全国II卷·D篇) 1. What does the author want to tell us by the We are the products of evolution, and not just examples in paragraph 1? evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers scientists look deeper into our genes(基因), they B. New knowledge of human evolution. are finding examples of human evolution in just the C. Recent findings of human origin. past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. D. Significance of food selection. 2. Where do the Bajau build their houses? Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern A. In valleys. Europe have gained a mutation(突变)that helps B. Near rivers. C. On the beach. them digest milk as adults. D. Off the coast. On Thursday in an article published in Cell,a 3. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the team of researchers reported a new kind of Bajau? adaptation- not to air or to food, but to the A. They could walk on stilts all day. ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast B. They had a superb way of fishing Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as C. They could stay long underwater. these people are known, number in the hundreds D. They lived on both land and water. of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? Philippines. They have traditionally lived on A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea houseboats; in recent times, they've also built B. Highlanders' Survival Skills houses on stilts(支柱) in coastal waters. “They C. Basic Methods of Genetic Research are simply a stranger to the land," said Rodney C. D. The World's Best Divers -.66可 详解答案 2,C细节理解题。极据第二段的“During the training Passage 2 stage.each dog was shown only the upper half or the 【语篇解读】本文是说明文，讲述了美国灰熊从擷危物种 lower half of the person's face.The researchers then 恢复到2000多头，但也带来了一共何题 tested the dogs'ability to distinguish between human 1.A 细节理解题。根据第一夜中“Grizzly bears,which facial expressions by showing them the other half of the may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, person's face or images totally different from the ones occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we used in training.(在训练阶段，每只狗只看到人脸的上半 revere them even as they give us frightening dreams. 都分或下羊部分，研究人员随后测试了狗辨别人类面那 熊可以长到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，在美国人的心 表情的能力，向狗展示了人的另一半面部或与调练中使 理中占据着一个矛盾的角落一即使它们给我们带来可 用的完全不同的图像)”可知，在训练和测试阶段，狗看的 怕的梦，我们也数畏它们。)”可知，美国人对灰熊既有害 照片是不一样的。故逃C。 怕，又有敞最，他们的情感是混合的。故选A。 3,B主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“‘T0us,the most 2.C推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“1n1975, likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. living with humans.which gives them a lot of exposure to (1975年，灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》。)”以及第四段 human facial expressions,and this exposure has provided "Today,there are about 2.000 or more grizzly bears in them with many chances to learn to distinguish between the U.S..Their recovery has been so successful that the them'Muller said..(Muller说：“对我们来说，最可能的解 U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to 释似乎是，基于他们与人类生活在一起，这让他们有很多 delist grizzlies.which would loosen legal protections and 机会接触人类的面部表情，而这种接触为他们提供了很多 allow them to be hunted..(如今，美国大约有2000只或更 机会，让他们学会区分它们。”)”可知，最后一役主要讲述了 多的灰能。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野 狗能够辨别人类面部表情的可能原因。故选B 生动物管理局两次狱图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松 题组二 对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀。)”可推知，由于 Passage I 1975年起受法律保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。故选C。 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然一人与动物 3.A细节理解题。根据第四段中“Today,there are about 理解猫的生活习性 2.000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S..Their recovery 【语篇解读】本文介绍了猫的生活习性，它们的周声特别， has been so successful that the U.S.Fish and Wildlife 使与人类交流，奥觉敏锐，能识别主人，许多猫会将在外面 Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies.which 找到的物品带给主人表达爱意。 would loosen legal protections and allow them to be 1.A理解县体信息。本题问“从第一段中可以学到关于猫 hunted.Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from 的喵喵叫的什么信息？”。A项“它是一种生存技能”：B项 conservation groups.For now,grizzlies remain listed. “它是猫妈妈教的：C顶“它很难解释”：D项“随着年龄的 今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非 增长，叫声越来越大”。根据第一段中的"They are able to 常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将 have entire conversations with humans using meows...a 灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，充许它 pet cat is hungry.it will keep meowing to attract attention 们被猎杀。由于环保组织的诉讼，这两项努力都被推制 and find food""Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat... 了。目前，灰熊仍在名单上。)”可知，是环保组织的反对 be fed”可知，猎用喵荷叫和人对话。如果一只宠物猫饿 阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰能从濒危物种名 了，它会不停地喵喵回以吸引注意力并我到食物。喵喵 单上徐名。故远A, 叫从小猫一出生就开始了，小猫用它来吸引猫妈妈的注 4.B推理判断题。根据最后一段中“(bviously,if 意并被喂食。由此可知，喵喵叫是猫的生存技能。 precautions aren't taken.grizzlies can become 2.C推断。根据第二段的“They use their noses to8 ssess troublesome,sometimes killing farm animals or walking their environment and look out for any signs of danger... through yards in search of food.If people remove food and looking for familiar smells”可知，猫用鼻子评估环境并留 attractants from their yards and campsites,grizzlies will 心任何危险達象。它们能够区分不同环境的另一种方法 typically pass by without trouble.Putting electric fencing 是寻找熟悉的气味。由此可推断，猫通过检查气味来评 around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is 估不同的环境。故选C, also highly effective at getting grizzlies away.'Our hope 3,D理解词汇。画线短语前提到狗以其令人印象深刻的 is to have a clean.attractant-free place where bears can 取物习惯而闻名，下文介绍了猫的行为，它们会将在外面 pass through without learning bad habits.'says James 找到的物品带到主人身边以表达它们的爱意，故画线短 Jonkel.longtime biologist who manages bears in and 语所在部分表明猫将这种行为提升了一个档次，它们在 around Missoula.(是然，如果不采取预防措施，灰熊会变 取物方面做得更好。D项可以解释画线短语含义。 得很麻烦，有时会杀死农场动物，或者在院子里寻找食 4,B理解文章主旨要义。阅读文章可知，第一段介绍了猫 物。如果人们把食物和引诱剂从他们的院子和露营地移 的惊人的发声技能，第二段介绍了猫的奥凳敏锐，能够区 走，灰熊通常会安然通过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物生活 分不同的环境，第三段介绍了穑的令人印豪深刻的取物 区周国设置电动国栏也能有效地赶走灰篇。“我们希望 习惯，这些都属于对猫的行为的介绍。B项“理解猫的行 有一个干净，没有诱饵的地方，熊可以通过，而不会养成 为”概括了文章内容，适合作标题。 坏习惯，”詹博斯·琼克尔说，他是一位长期管理米苏扭 157 五年高考真题分类集训 英语 及其周围熊的生物学家，)”可推知，灰熊致量增长，虽然 3.C推退判断题。极据最后一段的内容尤其是最后一句 会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预防措施，人和灰熊 "Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore 可以和谐相处。故选B。 help save energy."可推知，在未来发光的植物可能有助 Passage 3 于减少能源消耗。 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们通过 4.C标题判断题。文章第一段点明杭物的积极作用：第二 累踪和拍援乌干达的黑猩催群，翻译出了黑猩猩用来交流 段是有关植物的其他方面的功能的研究：第三段说明最 的手势含义。 新的研究表明植物可以发光：第四段是有关将来要开发 l.D细节理解题。根据第二段中的(nly humans and 的一种用在杭物叶子上的技术及研究植物发光是否可以 chimps,she said,had a system of communication where “打开”和“关上”：第五段表述能量在传槍中损失很多，或 they deliberately sent a message to another group 许发光植物可以解决这一问题。故C选项（发光的植物 member..(她说，只有人类和，黑猩猩有一个交流系统，他 能代替灯吗？)最能凸显本文主题。 们故意向其他成员发送信息)可知，报据Dr Hobaiter,黑 Passage 5 促程和人奏的共同点在于故意传递信息。故选D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，研究发现居住在东南亚 2.B推理判断题。根据第六段中的Dr Susanne Shultz,an 的巴瑶族人为了更好地生存，进化成了更好的潜水者。 evolutionary biologist from the University of 1.B谁理判断题。根据第一段中的“...they are finding Manchester,said the study was praiseworthy in seeking examples of human evolution in just the past few to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human thousand years:.”可以推断，作者举例主要是为了告诉 language.But.she added.the results were "a little 读者人类进化的新发现。故达B。 disappointing”(曼彻新特大学的进化生物学家苏霜椰· 2.D朝节理解题，根据第二段中的“They have 舒尔茨博士说，这项研究是值得称赞的，它试图卡富我们 traditionally lived on houseboats:in recent times,they've 对人类语言进化的知识。但是，她补充说，结果“有，点令 also built houses on stilts(支柱)in coastal waters..”可知， 人失望”)可知，这项研究是一个好的尝试，但是发现的结 巴瑶族人的房子主要建在沿海地区。故选D 果是有限的。故选B 3.C细节理解题。根括第三段中的“We were so amazed 3.A词义猜测题。首先根据第三段中的They're the only that they could stay underwater much longer than us local thing that looks like human language in that respect. islanders,.”可知，年轻的Jubilado对巴瑶族人惊讶不已 这方而，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西)可如，黑 的地方在于他们可以在水下待很长的时间。故选C。 狂猩的手势交流很像我们人奏语言的交流方式。但是根 4.A标题判断题。本文是一篇研究报道，很据第二段的研 据最后一段中的Moreover,the meanings seem to not go 究结果"..a team of researchers reported a new kind of beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal adaptation一not to air or to food,but to the ocean.”并结合 communication5,(此外，这些含义似乎并不超越其他动物 本文主要讲述的巴骗族人为了更好地适应海上的生活， 通过非语言交流所传达的信息)可知，黑猩猩手势的交流 进化成更好的潜水者可知，A项适合作本文的标题。 方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在不同的，也就是S0, 题组三 it seems the gulf remains,(所以，看来差异依然存在)，故 Passage I gulf的意思是difference.放选A。 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会一科学研究 4.D主旨大意题。根据第一段的Researchers say they 生物样本数据的可用性 have translated the meaning of gestures that wild 【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了一个有关生物样本数据的研 chimpanzees use to communicate.(研究人员表示，他们已 究。文章探究了生物样本数据的可用性，指出了实证研究 经御译出了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义)以及文 发现的问题并提出了提高数据质量的措施 章对这方面的讨论可知，文章主要讲科学家们对黑保程 I.B理解具体信息，根据第一段的“Today,most records 手势的研究及一些成果，所以D项：黑猩猩语言：翻译出 of biodiversity are...videos.and other digital records" 来的交流手势，这一题目涵盖文章的内容。故选D。 知，现在，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和 Passage 4 其他的数字记录形式存在。故选B项。选项中的 【语篇解读】本文是一翦说明文。文章介绍了与植物有关 “electronic form”是对原文中的"videos,and other digital 的研究，重点介绍了发光植物的相关内容。 records""的同义转换。 l.D段落大意题。根据第一段第二句“Recent studies have 2.C 理解具体信息。根据第二段的“and since we are found positive effects,”及本段中的“，，greener areas of the increasingly using observational data...Are they city experienced less crime"f"employees were shown to usable?”可知，Daru及其团队使用观察数搭来研究物种 be 15%more productive when their workplaces were 是如何对全球变化作出回应的，他想知道这些观察数据 decorated with houseplants.”可知，D选项“Benefits from 是否可用。再根摄第三段的内客可知，DaU及其团队使 green plants.”能概括本段内容。 用一个全球数据集，测诚这些数据在多大程度上展示了 2.A如节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“These include 实际的全球生物多样性模式。由此可知，Daru的研究关 plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show 注观察致据。故选C项。A项“激危物种”：B项“实物标 when they're short of water.”可知，A选项正确。根 本”：C项“规察数据”：D项“手机应用程序”。 据该句后半邮分“a plant that can detect harmful 3.C推斯。根据第四段的“We were particularly chemicals in groundwater'"可知，千扰项D选项错误。 interested,,,instead of the grass right next to it”可知， 158