阅读理解 主题语境2 4.科学与技术 题组2&题组3 -【高考密码】备战2025年高考英语2020-2024五年真题分类汇编

五年高考真题分类集训 英语 题组二 周时： 易错记录： Passage1(2024·新课标I卷·D篇) AI will affect us all,and if you only read one Given the astonishing potential of Al to book on the subject,this is it. transform our lives,we all need to take action to l.What does the phrase“In the wrong hands'”in deal with our Al-powered future,and this is where paragraph 2 probably mean? AI by Design:A Plan for Living with Artificial A.If read by someone poorly educated. Intelligence comes in.This absorbing new book by B.If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned, Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap C.If written by someone less competent. addressing the challenges posed by the D.If translated by someone unacademic. forthcoming Al revolution(变革). 2.What is a feature of Al by Design according to In the wrong hands,such a book could prove the text? as complicated to process as the computer code( A.It is packed with complex codes. that powers Al but,thankfully,Campbell has B.It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. more than two decades'professional experience C.It provides step-by-step instructions. translating the heady into the understandable.She D.It is intended for AI professionals. writes from the practical angle of a business person 3.What does Campbell urge people to do regarding rather than as an academic,making for a guide AI development? which is highly accessible and informative and A.Observe existing regulations on it. which,by the close,will make you feel almost as B.Reconsider expert opinions about it. smart as AI. C.Make joint efforts to keep it under control. As we soon come to learn from Al by Design, D.Learn from prior experience to slow it down. Al is already super-smart and will become more 4.What is the author's purpose in writing the capable,moving from the current generation of text? "narrow-AI"to Artificial General Intelligence. A.To recommend a book on Al. From there,Campbell says,will come Artificial B.To give a brief account of AI history. Dominant Intelligence.This is why Campbell has C.To clarify the definition of Al. set out to raise awareness of Al and its future D.To honor an outstanding AI expert. now-several decades before these developments Passage2(2023·浙江1月卷·D篇) are expected to take place.She says it is essential According to the Solar Energy Industry that we keep control of artificial intelligence,or Association,the number of solar panels installed risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. ()has grown rapidly in the past decade,and it Campbell's point is to wake up those has to grow even faster to meet climate goals.But responsible for Al-the technology companies and all of that growth will take up a lot of space,and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all though more and more people accept the concept of the experts currently developing it.She explains solar energy,few like large solar panels to be we are at a "tipping point"in history and must act installed near them. now to prevent an extinction-level event for Solar developers want to put up panels as humanity.We need to consider how we want our quickly and cheaply as possible,so they haven't future with Al to pan out.Such structured given much thought to what they put under them. thinking,followed by global regulation,will enable Often,they'll end up filling the area with small us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. stones and using chemicals to control weeds.The 54 Part One 阅读理解 result is that many communities,especially in 3.What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in farming regions,see solar farms as destroyers of Paragraph 4? the soil. A.To conserve pollinators. “Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” B.To restrict solar development. says Jordan Macknick,the head of the Innovative C.To diversify the economy. Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the D.To ensure the supply of energy. Environment(InSPIRE)project."They need to be 4.Which of the following is the best title for the protectors of the land and contribute to the text? agricultural economy.InSPIRE is investigating A.Pollinators:To Leave or to Stay practical approaches to“low-impact”solar B.Solar Energy:Hope for the Future development,which focuses on establishing and C.InSPIRE:A Leader in Agriculture operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the D.Solar Farms:A New Development land.One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies Passage3(2020·北京适应性测试·A篇) is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫). If you're looking to buy a gift for your Habitat loss,pesticide use,and climate change children,why not keep up with the trend and get have caused dramatic deelines in pollinator the best hoverboard? populations over the past couple of decades,which What Is a Hoverboard? has damaged the U.S.agricultural economy Over 28 A hoverboard is a two-wheeled personal states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat transportation device.It's electrical,portable and protection and pesticide use.Conservation organizations became highly popular in 2015 in reference to a put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home popular 1980's movie.Typically,this self-balancing gardens,businesses,schools,cities-and now there are device operates like a powered skateboard. guidelines for solar farms. How Does a Hoverboard Work? Over the past few years,many solar farm The device may have many designs,but the developers have transformed the space under their mechanism itself isn't complicated.Basically.a solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of standard hoverboard contains: pollinators,resulting in soil improvement and .A battery.It stores the electrical power. carbon reduction."These pollinator-friendly solar Almost all hoverboards use a high-watt lithium-ion farms can have a valuable impact on everything battery. that's going on in the landscape,"says Macknick. Gyroscopes (one for each wheel).They allow 1.What do solar developers often ignore? riders to tilt(倾斜)the hoverboard while A.The decline in the demand for solar energy. maintaining balance and adjusting their direction. B.The negative impact of installing solar pa- Motors (one in each wheel).They provide nels. power to the wheels to keep the rider balanced and C.The rising labor cost of building solar farms. upright. D.The most recent advances in solar tech- .A logic board.It functions as the hoverboard's nology. brain.It processes data-your speed,tilt,etc.-and 2.What does InSPIRE aim to do? sends information to the motors.This unit controls A.Improve the produetivity of local farms. the power of the board so riders can adjust their B.Invent new methods for controlling weeds. speed. C.Make solar projects environmentally friendly. All the above components work together to control D.Promote the use of solar energy in rural the power and tilt of the hoverboard so the rider is areas. balanced,upright and moving at a controlled speed. 55 五年高考真题分类集训 英语 Why Buy a Hoverboard? scientists asked the same group to come back to Undoubtedly,hoverboards are cool.You've the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of probably seen kids riding one around the house. tests. It's a phenomenon and everybody wants in.So,why Those who had held mentally stimulating deny your kids and prevent them from being part of )demanding jobs before retirement tended to this trend? do the best on the tests.And they tended to lose Where Is a Hoverboard Legal? cognitive(认知)function at a much slower rate Despite their wild popularity,hoverboards than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. have yet to become "street-legal".Currently,some The results held true even after the scientists places prohibit anyone under 16 from using these accounted for the participants'overall health status. devices,and hoverboards are banned in academic "This works just like physical exercise,"says institutions and public places,like campus buildings, Francisca Then,who led the study."After a long parks,shopping malls and subway stations.Some run,you may feel like you're in pain.you may feel places have also put speed limits on the devices and tired.But it makes you fit.After a long day at restricted their use to bike paths.However,open work-sure,you will feel tired,but it can help areas-including your yard-are free of these your brain stay healthy. restrictions. It's not just corporate jobs.or even paid work 1.The logie board of a hoverboard can that can help keep your brain fit.Then points out. A.store electricity A waiter's job,for example,that requires B.power the wheels multitasking,teamwork and decision-making could C.send information to the riders be just as stimulating as any high-level office D.receive data and give the command work.And "running a family household requires 2.According to the passage,a hoverboard can be high-level planning and coordinating(协調)，”she used says."You have to organize the activities of the A.on campus B.in parks children and take care of the bills and groceries." C.on bike paths D.in shopping malls Of course,our brains can decline as we grow 3.What is the main purpose of this passage? older for lots of reasons-including other A.To evaluate a gift's quality. environmental influences or genetic factors.Still, B.To recommend a gift choice. continuing to challenge yourself mentally and C.To compare new hoverboard models. keeping your mind busy can only help. D.To clarify functions of the latest hoverboard. 1.Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take Passage4(2020·浙江7月卷·C篇) the tests? Challenging work that requires lots of A.To assess their health status. analytical thinking.planning and other managerial B.To evaluate their work habits. skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, C.To analyze their personality. a study published Wednesday in the journal D.To measure their mental ability. Neurology suggests. 2.How does Francisca Then explain her findings Researchers from the University of Leipzig in in paragraph 4? Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired A.By using an expert's words. workers who were over age 75 and assessed the B.By making a comparison. volunteers'memory and thinking skills through a C.By referring to another study. battery of tests.Then,for eight years,the D.By introducing a concept. -56 回 Part One阅读理解 3.Which of the following is the best title for the allows companies to use sound in much the same text? way spotlights(聚光灯)are used in the theater.A A.Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills spotlight lights up only one section of a stage: B.Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs similarly,a "spotsound"creates a circle of sound C.Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp in one targeted area.This can be useful for D.Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age businesses such as restaurants and stores because Passage5(2020·天津卷·C篇) it offers a new way to attract customers. For people who are interested in sound,the Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with field of sound technology is definitely making the various food choices on the menu,allowing noise.In the past,sound engineers worked in the customers more control over the atmosphere in back rooms of recording studios,but many of which they are dining.Directed sound is also today's sound professionals are sharing their beginning to appear in shopping centers and even knowledge and experience with professionals in at homes. other fields to create new products based on the 1.What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about phenomenon we call sound. the effect of the LRAD？ Sound can be used as a weapon.Imagine that a A.It causes temporary hearing loss. police officer is chasing a thief.The thief tries to B.It slows down a running man. escape.And the officer can't let him get away.He C.It makes it easy to identify a suspect. pulls out a special device,points it at the suspect. D.It keeps the suspect from hurting others. and switches it on.The thief drops to the ground. 2.The Silence Machine is a device specially This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic designed to Device(LRAD,远程定向声波发射器).It produces A.silence the people around you a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily B.remove the sound of commercials disables a person.The noise from the LRAD is C.block the incoming sound waves directed like a ray of light and travels only into the D.stop unwanted sound from affecting you ears of that person,but it is not deadly. 3.What feature do spotsounds and spotlights For those who hunger for some peace and share? quiet,sound can now create silence.Let's say you A.They travel in circles. are at the airport.and the little boy on the seat B.They clear the atmosphere. next to you is humming(哼唱)a short commereial C.They can be transformed into energy. song.He hums it over and over again,and you are D.They can be directed onto a specific area. about to go crazy.Thanks to the Silence Machine, 4.Directed sound can be used for a British invention,you can get rid of the sound A.creative designs of restaurant menus without upsetting the boy or his parents.One may B.ideal sound effects on the theater stage wonder how the Silence Machine works.Well,it C.different choices of music for businesses functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming D.strict control over any suspicious customer sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. 5.What does the passage focus on? The two sets of waves cancel each other out. A.How professionals invented sound products. Simply turn the machine on,point it at the target, B.Inventions in the field of sound technology. and your peace and quiet comes back. C.The growing interest in the study of sound. Directed sound is a new technology that D.How sound engineers work in their studios. 57 五年高考真题分类集训 英语 题组三 周时： 易错记承： Passage(2023·浙江卷·D篇) that prized new information.But global The Stanford marshmallow(棉花糖)test was connectivity has greatly changed our information originally conducted by psychologist Walter environment.We are now ceaselessly bombarded Mischel in the late 1960s.Children aged four to (轰炸)with new information,.Therefore,just as six at a nursery school were placed in a room.A we need to be more thoughtful about our calorie single sugary treat,selected by the child,was consumption,we also need to be more thoughtful placed on a table.Each child was told if they about our information consumption,resisting the waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat,they temptation of the mental "junk food"in order to would be given a second treat.Then they were left manage our time most effectively. alone in the room.Follow-up studies with the 1.What did the children need to do to get a second children later in life showed a connection between treat in Mischel's test? an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second A.Take an examination alone. treat and various forms of success. B.Show respect for the researchers. As adults we face a version of the C.Share their treats with others. marshmallow test every day.Were not tempted D.Delay eating for fifteen minutes. (诱惑)by sugary treats,but by our computers, 2.According to paragraph 3,there is a mismatch phones,and tablets-all the devices that connect between us to the global delivery system for various types A.the calorie-poor world and our good appetites of information that do to us what marshmallows do B.the shortage of sugar and our nutritio- to preschoolers. nal needs We are tempted by sugary treats because our C.the rich food supply and our uncha- ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world,and our nged brains brains developed a response mechanism to these D.the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit treats that reflected their value-a feeling of 3.What does the author suggest readers do? reward and satisfaction.But as we've reshaped the A.Absorb new information readily. world around us,dramatically reducing the cost B.Be selective information consumers. and effort involved in obtaining calories,we still C.Use diverse information sources. have the same brains we had thousands of years D.Protect the information environment. ago,and this mismatch is at the heart of why so 4.Which of the following is the best title for the many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that text? we know we shouldn't eat. A.Eat Less,Read More A similar process is at work in our response to B.The Bitter Truth about Early Humans information.Our formative environment as a species was C.The Later,the Better information-poor,so our brains developed a mechanism D.The Marshmallow Test for Grown-ups 58详解答案 误解分析：本题容易误选D。造成误解的原因是对短语 和焦虑。一位法国医学影像技术专家—也是一位催眠 go the way of的意思理解出现差错。其实go the way of 师被邀请到儿童医院的医学影像部门培训几位员工)可 表示“重蹈…的覆辙”。 知，全文主要讲述依眼技术在医学影像程序中的应用。 Passage 5 故选D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了蒙特利 Passage 6 尔儿童医院的一个试验项目表明催眠技术的使用可以减轻 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国的 崩人的痛苦和焦虑。一位法国医学影像技术专家一也是 一种自动调节式的交通信号灯。 一位催眠师被道请到儿童医院的医学影像部门培训几位 1.C代词指代题。that位于第二段句首，应是代第一较 员工。 中的内客。根据文章第一较中的“The traffic signals,, l.B细节理解题。根据第一段“The project also resulted By 9:33 am,a burst of ..Less traffic at 9:37 am... in a reduction in the amount of medicines used to perform changes.."可以推知，that指代第一段中的多变的交迹信 medical-imaging(医学影像)procedures..”(该项目还导致 号灯时间，故选C。 用于医学影像程序的药品数量减少，)可知，实验的结果 2.D推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“.，others are so 之一就是减少某些药物的使用。故选B。 jammed that only...'It's not going to fix everything, 2.B细节理解题。根据第四段“A French medica-imaging but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller technologist-also a hypnotist-was invited to train a few cities'.."可知，Kevin Balke认为自动调节式的交通信 members in the medical-imaging department of the 号灯对小城市的交通放善是有用的，但对交通堵塞很严 children's hospital.”(一位法国医学影像技术专家一也 重的城市而言，作用并不是非常大，故选D。 是一位催眠师被邀请到儿量医院的医学影像部门培训几 3.A推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“the switch to 位员工)可知，法国技术专家来儿童医院是做催眠培训来 adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of 的。故选B。 welcoming new approaches”可推知，从Bellevue装自动调 3.D如节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Hypnosis is not a 节式交通信号灯一事上不难发现，它的成功在于积极尝 state of sleep:It is rather a modified(改变的)state of 试新事物，故选A。 consciousness.The technologist will guide the patient to 题组二 this modified state-an imaginary world that will Passage 1 disassociate itself more and more from the procedure that 语篇类型：书评主题语境：人与社会一图书推荐一AI follows..”(催眠状态不是一种睡眠的状态：而是一种被改 by Design 变的意识饮态。技术专家会引导病人进入这种改变的状 【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了英国人工智能专家卡特里奥 态 一一个想象中的世界，它会越来越肥离接下来的程 想·坎贝尔2022年度畅销书AI by Design:A Plan for 序)可知，催眠是引导病人的意识远离现实，进入一个想 Living with Artificial Intelligence。书中探讨了当前人工 象中的世界。故选D。 智能的发展趋势和即将到来的人工智能革命，呼吁技术公 4,A推理判断题，根据倒数第三段“Everything that 司和世界领袖应与人工智能专家们达成共识，携手共进、共 happens next during the procedure must be related to this 同面对。 story”(催眠过程中接下来发生的一切都必须和这个故事 l.C理解词汇。根据画线词后面的“but,thankfully, 有关)以及倒数第二段“The important thing is that the Campbell has more than two decades'professional technologist associates what is happening outside the experience translating the heady into the understandable" patient's body with what the patient sees in his head"( 可知，坎贝尔有二十多年的专业经验，地能将令人头晕的 要的是技术专家把病人身体外发生的事情和他在大脑里 东西转化为客易理解的东西。由此可见，画线的“In the 看到的联系起来)可知，故事必须跟整个催眠过程同步。 wrong hands”指的应该是如果换一个能力不如坎贝尔的 故选A。 人来写这本书，故C项正确。competent“足以胜任的，有 5,Bg节理解题。根据倒数第一段“The procedure appealed 能力的，称职的”。A项“如果被受教育程度低的人调 to the staff a lot when it was introduced in January..”(这个程 读”：B项“如果被怀有恶意的人评论”：C项“如果被不那 序在一月份开始引进的时候，吸引了很多员工)以及最后 么称职的人来写”，D项“如果被不适合做学术的人来翻 一句“She added that she had a line of staff at her door 译”。 wanting to take the training..”(她补充说，有一队员工在 2.B推断。根据第二段中的“She writes from the practical 地门口等着接受培训)可知，这个催眠程序受到了员工的 angle of a business person...a guide which is highly 欢迎。A.uncertainty不确定，B.enthusiasm热情，C accessible and informative'”可知，她从一个商人的实际角 worry担心：D.criticism批评。故选B. 度来写作，使得这本书成为非常易懂且信息丰富的指南。 6,D主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A trial project by the 由此可见，这本书的写作风格非常务实，故选B。down Montreal Children's Hospital suggested that the use of to-earth“务实的，脚路实地的”。 medical hypnosis (can reduce pain and anxiety in 3.C理解具体信息。根据第三段中的“She says it is patients.The project also resulted in a reduction in the essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence" amount of medicines used to perform medical-imaging 第四段中的“Campbell's point is to wake up those imaging(医学彩像)procedures.”(蒙特利尔儿童医院的 responsible for Al-the technology companies and world 一个试验项目表明催眠技术的使用可以减轻病人的痛苦 leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts 153 五年高考真题分类集训 英语 currently developing it”可知，坎贝尔建议让人工智能的 sends information to the motors..”可知，主板能处理数据 发展处于控制下，并呼吁技术公司、世界领袖和人工智能 并将信息发送经发动机。故D项正确。 专家携手应对，故C项正确。 2.C如节理解题。根据Where Is a Hoverboard Legal?部 4.A理解目的。根据最后一段“AI will affect us all,and if 分中的“restricted their use to bike paths'”可知，平衡车可 you only read one book on the subject,this is it'”并结合全 以在自行幸道上行驶，故C项正确。 文可知，本文主要给读者推荐了卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔的 3.B写作意图题。根据第一段第一句并结合Why Buy a Al by Design:A Plan for Living with Artificial Hoverboard?部分的内客可知，本文的目的是推荐平衡车 Intelligence,故A项正确。A项“推荐一本关于人工智能 作为孩子的礼物，故B项正确。 的书”：B项“简述人工智能的历史”：C项“阑明人工智能 Passage 4 的定义”：D项“向一位杰出的人工智能专家致敬” 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了有就战 Passage 2 性的工作能够让人更好地保持大脑的活力。 体裁：说明文主题语境：人与自然一一人类生存，社会发 l.D细节理解题。报据文章第二段中的“assessed the 展与环境的关系一太阳能农场 volunteers'memory and thinking skills'”可知，科学家对这 【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了太阳能农场的新发展方向。 些志愿者进行测试，主要是来研究和评估他们的记忆力 l.B推理判断题.【定位句】Often,they'll end up filling 和思考能力，故选D项。 the area with small stones and using chemicals to control 2.B推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“This works just weeds.The result is that many communities,especially in like physical exercise,,,”可知，Francisca Then是通过 farming regions,see solar farms as destroyers of the soil. 与体育镀炼作比较来解释他的发现的，采用的方法是“对 (第二段第二、三句) 比法”，故选B项。 译文：通常，他们最终会用小石头填满该地区，并使用化 3.C标题判断题。根据全文内客和第一段中的“Challenging 学制品来控制杂草。结果是许多社区，特别是在农业地 work...might help your brain stay sharp as you age..." 区（的社区），将太阳能农场视为土壤的破坏者。 知，本文主要说明了有挑战性的工作能更好地让你保持敏锐 根据定位句可推知，太阳能开发者通常忽略了安装太阳 的头脑，故选C项。 能电池板后带来的负面彩响。故选B。 Passage 5 2.C推理判断题。【定位句】InSPIRE is investigating 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了声音技术领 practical approaches to"low-impact"solar development, 城的三项发明。 which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms 1.A细节理解题。报据第二较中的“It produces a in a way that is kinder to the land.(第三段第三句) deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a 译文：InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”的太阳能开发的实用 person.”可知，远程定向声波发射器会发出一种震耳欲 方法，其重，点是以一种对土地更加友好的方式建立和运 章的声音，这种声音让人非常痛苦，会使人暂时残疾。由 营太阳能农场。根据定位句可推知，InSPIRE的日的是 此可知，这种暂时残疾就是暂时性失聪，故A项正确。 使太阳能项目更加环保。故选C。 2.D细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Well,it functions by 3,A细节理解题。【定位句】Over28 states have passed analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide second set of outgoing waves ..and your peace and use,(第四段第二句) quiet comes back.”可知，Silence Machine能避免你不越听 译文：超过28个州通过了与传粉昆虫桶息地保护和农药 到的声音影响你，故D项正确。 使用有美的法律。 3.D细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A spotlight lights up 根据定位句可知，第四段提到这些法律的目的是保护传 only one section of a stage;similarly,a'spotsound' 粉昆虫。故远A creates&circle of sound in one targeted area.n可知， 4,D标题概括题。【定位句】Over the past few years,many spotsound和spotlight的共同点是它们可以被发射到一 solar farm developers have transformed the space under 个特定的区城，故D项正确。 their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of 4.C如节理解题。根据第四段中的“This can be useful for pollinators,resulting in soil improvement and carbon businesses...Restaurants can offer a choice of music reduction.(最后一段第一句) along with the various food choices on the menu,allowing 译文：在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将他们太 customers more control over the atmosphere in which 阳能电池板下的空间改造成了各种传粉昆虫的庇护所， they are dining.”可知，directed sound可以用于公司为颅 从而改善了土壤（环境）并减少了碳排效 客提供不同的音乐，故C项正确。 通读全文尤其是定位句可知，本文主要介绍了太阳能农 5,B主旨大意题。作者在第一段中抛出话题“声普技术”， 场的新发展方向。D项“太阳能农场：一种新的发展”符 并在第二、三、四段中介绍了声音技术领城的三个产品。 合本文主旨，是本文的最佳标题。故选D 由此可知，文章主要关注的是声音技术领域的发明，故B Passage 3 项正确。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了什么是平衡车 题组三 和它的工作原理、推荐其为礼物的原因以及它的使用范围。 Passage 1 1.D朝节理解题。根据How Does a Hoverboard Work?部 语篇类型：议论文主题语境：人与自我一做人与做 分中的“It processes data一your speed,tilt,etc.一and 事一儿童棉花糖实验的启示 154 a 详解答案 【语篇解读】文章通过20世纪60年代一项针对孩子的棉 Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if 花糖实验引出作者观点一身处网络时代，我们每天都受 necessary'”可知，无论天气好坏，志愿者都会工作。由此 到大量信息的诱惑，要学会做有选择的信息消费者。 可见，志愿者甚至会在恶劣天气下工作，故选B。 l,D理解具体信息。根据第一段对Mischel的棉花糖实 Passage 2 验的介绍中的“Each child was told if they waited for 15 体裁：说明文主题语境：人与自然一人类生存、社会发 minutes before eating the treat,they would be given a 展与环境的关系一人类与自然的互动 second treat”"可知，孩子们如果等待l5分钟再吃糖，就会 【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了一项新的科学研究，研究发 得到第二份奖励，故选D项。 现城市中的野生自然环境对人类健康至关重要。为了与大 2.C理解具体信息。极据题千中“mismatch”这一关键词 自然互动，该研究的作者呼吁人们保护环境。 将答囊定位在第三段的最后一句话“But as we've 1.B推理判断题。【定位句】As cities balloon with reshaped the world around us,dramatically reducing the growth,access to nature for people living in urban areas cost and effort involved in obtaining calories,we still have is becoming harder to find.If you're lucky,there might be the same brains we had thousands of years ago,and this a pocket park near where you live,but it's unusual to find mismatch is at the heart..,.we shouldn'teat”。由此句可 places in a city that are relatively wild.(第一段) 知，我们获取热量所雪付出的成本和努力大大减少，也就 译文：随着域市的扩建，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难 是说现在我们能够轻易获取充足的食物了，但是我们的 以楼触到大自然。如果你幸运，在你居住的地方附近可 大脑仍然和数千年前一样，因此这两者之间是不匹配的， 能会有一个小公园，但在城市里很难找到相对天然的地 故选C项。A项“热量匮乏的世界和我们的好胃口”：B 方。根据定位句可知，作者在文章开头描述的现象是：在 项“糖分的缺乏和我们的营养需求”：C项“充足的食物供 城市里很难找到原生的自然环境。B项与“it's unusual 应和我们一成不变的大脑”，D项“诱人的食物和我们为 to find places in a city that are relatively wild”是同义转 保持健康所做的势力”。 述。故远B。 3.B推断。根据最后一段中的“Therefore,..,we also need 2.D推理判断题。【定位句】Across the320 submissions,a to be more thoughtful about our information pattern of categories the researchers call a "nature consumption,resisting the temptation of the mental'junk language"began to emerge.After the coding of all food'in order to manage our time most effectively”可知， submissions,half a dozen categories were noted most 作者建议我们要谨慎地对待信息消费，抵制那些对我们 often as important to visitors.(第四段第一，二句) 的精神健康有害的信息诱感，以达到高效管理时间的目 译文：在提交的320份文件中，研究人员称之为“自然语 的。因此可推断出，作者建议读者要做有遮择的信息消费 言”的一种分类方式开始显现。在对（提交的）所有文件 者，故造B项。A项“欣然接受新信息”，C项“使用多样化 进行编码后，六个最常出现的类别对游客来说最重要。 的信息源”：D项“保护信息环境”。 根据定住句可推知，研究人员对参与者提交的文件进行 4.D理解文章主旨要义。本文围绕棉花糖实险展开，从最 分类编码是为了从游客的总站中找到规律。故选D。 初针对幼儿因孩子的测试引入，说明棉花糖对孩子的影 3.C推理判断题。【定位句】Naming each nature 响，再类比到成人身上，阐述了在充斥着各类信息的信息 experience creates a usable language,which helps people 大环境下，我们成年人也应该要学会抵制不良信息带来 recognize and take part in the activities that are most 的诱惑，做一个有选择的信息消费者，因此文章重点介绍 satisfying and meaningful to them.For example,the 了成人面临的“棉花梳实验”，故选D项。 experience of walking along the edge of water might be 主题语境3人与自然 satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in 1.自然生态 the park.Back downtown during a workday,they can 题组一 enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking 语篇类型：应用文主题语境：人与社会一公益事业与志 along a fountain on their lunch break.(第五段) 愿服务一生物栖息地修复工作队志愿者招募 译文：命名每一种自然体脸（都会）创造一种可用的语言， l.C理解具体信息。根据第一段中的“Help restore and 这有助于人们认识并参与对他们来说最满意和最有意义 protect Marin's natural areas""Habitat Restoration 的活动。例如，对于一个周末在公园里远足的年轻的专 Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive 业人士来说，沿着水边散步的体验可能令人满足。在工 resources and protecting endangered species”可知，生物 作日期间回到商业区，他们可以通过午休时潜着喷泉散 栖息地修复工作队恢复和保护自然区域，在恢复敏感资 步来享受一种更家庭化的互动形式。 源和保护濒危物种方面起到极其重要的作用。由此可 根据定位句可推知，我们可以从第五段给出的例子中了 见，生物柄息地修复工作队的目标是保护当地的生态系 解到：同样的自然体验有不同的形式。故选C。 统。故选C。 4.B推理判断题。【定位句】“We're trying to generate a 2.B理解县体信息。根据AGE,SKILLS,WHAT TO language that helps bring the human-nature interactions BRING部分中的“Volunteers aged 10 and over are back into our daily lives.And for that to happen,we also welcome”可知，加入生物梧息地修复工作队的最低年龄 need to protect nature so that we can interact with it," 是10岁。故选B. said Peter Kahn,a senior author of the study,(第六段) 3.B理解具体信息。根据AGE,SKILLS,WHAT TO 译文：该研究的第一作者Peter Kahn说：“我们正试图创 BRING部分中的“We'll be working rain or shine., 造一种有助于让人类与自然的互动回归到我们日常生活 155