阅读理解 主题语境1 2.做人与做事 题组1 -【高考密码】备战2025年高考英语2020-2024五年真题分类汇编

详解答案 Passage 2 entire medical profession living and working as a man.(Barry 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了接触智 于1859年退休,她以男人的身份生活和工作,从事了整个医 力游戏有助于孩子发展与数学相关的技能,特别是孩子的 学职业。)”可知,Jacqueline和James的共同点是都有资格进 空间技能。 行外科手术。故选C。 1. B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Psychologist Susan 2.A 推理判断题。通读全文,再根据文章第三部分中的“Tan Levine ... found children who play with puzzles between ages wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills."以及第三段内容可 asa physician.(Tan写了一本书《女医生的故事》,描述了她 知,孩子们通过玩智力游戏可以培养空间技能。故选B。 作为一名医生的生活。)”可推知,Tan与其他从业人员的不 2.C 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Puzzle playwas 同之处在于她写了一本书。故选A。 found to be a significant predictor of cognition (认知) 3.D 细节理解题,通过文章最后一部分中的“Fouryears after controlling for differences in parents' income, later, she was the first African American woman to education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said."可 receiveamedicaldegree.(四年后,她成为第一位获得医 知,Levine在设计实验时,考虑到了父母的收入、教育以 学学位的非裔美国女性。)”可知,RebeccaLeeCrumpler 及该话量。故选C。 是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。 3.D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“However, Passage 2 boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than 【语篇解读】 1 本文是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍71岁的 girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial GinniBalinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱,渴望探险,不 language and were more active during puzzle play than 再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后,她开始周游世界,并在2008 the parents of girls.”可知,男孩们较女孩们而言,倾向于 年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。 玩更复杂的智力游戏。故选D。 1.A 词义猜测题。根据第二段划线词前“Throughouther 4.B 主旨大意题。阅读全文内容尤其是最后一段“The career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the findings were published in the journal Develobmental Science." UK, but always longed to explore further.(在她的职显 可知,该篇文章主要介绍的是一项科学研究。故选B。 舞蹈演员生涯中,她曾在英国巡演,但一直渴望进一步探 Passage 3 余)”和“When she retired from dancing and her sons 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对 eventually flewthe nest,(当她不再跳舞,她的儿子们最 图书馆的热爱。 终独立生活)”可知,Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之 1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Iwas alwaysan 后,她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。所以划线词takethe enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意 a day as a child... stories were like air to me..."可推 思接近。故选A。 知,小时候,作者与书形影不离。故选C。 2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段“And itwas inChile she 2.B 词义猜测题。根据画线词组前的“AsIgrewolder... the discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships library took on a new place ...”及下文的“I had several going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego. children... to read to them.”可知,随着年龄的增长,作者成 (正是在智利,她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛 为母亲,图书馆在她心里有了新的“地位”,书成了她和孩子 附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票)”可知,是一张折扣票 们娱乐的主要来源,由此可推测,原本作者自己从读书中获 价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。 得的乐趣传递到了她的家庭中。故“anaddedmeaning”应是 3.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realizationthat this 指“在作者家中传递的读书的乐趣”。故选B。 is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of 3.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Ithinkallwriters the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.(意识到这是一 should support libraries in a significant way when they 块宝贵的土地,应该受到人类的尊重,这是Ginni最深刻 can.”可知,作者呼吁其他作者支持图书馆。故选C。 的感受之一。)”可知,旅行结束后,Ginni认为南极洲应该 4.D 标题判断题。阅读全文可知,“library”是本文的线 得到很好的保护。故选C。 索,作者描述了她从孩童到为人母,以及作为小说家对图 4.B 主旨大意题。文章提及Ginni喜欢旅行,着重介绍了 书馆的热爱。故D项符合题意。 Ginni难忘的南极洲奇遇。A项“一个童年梦想”与全文 2.做人与做事 主题不符;C项“环游世界”,范嘹超过了本文内容:D项 “遇见南极洲的动物”,以偏概全。故选B项。 题组一 Passage 3 Passage 1 【语篇解读】 这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才?” 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位从 引入,论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义,提出事实上“天才”有 医人员的生早与事迹。 很多种形式,不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。 1.C 细节理解题。通过文章第一部分中的“BorntoaJewish 1.A 推理判断题。根据第三段的“It's said that history is family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a written by the victors,and those victors set the standards physician and performed surgery.(她出生于佛罗伦萨的一个 for adnission to the genius club. When contributions were 犹太家庭,搬到巴黎当医生并做外科手术。)”以及第二部分 made by geniuses outside the club-women,or people of a 中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813(她获得了做外科医 different color or belief一 they were unacknowledged and 生的资格)”和“Barry retired in1859,having practiced her rejectedbyothers.(据说历史是由胜利者书写的,而那些 139一 五年高考真题 分类集训 英语 胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的 4.D 推理判断题。文章第五段中提到“Thingsare 天才--女性或不同肤色或信仰的人--做出贡献时, connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your 他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知,作者认为 passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may 那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平 not appear to be connected but, once you explore their 的,因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得 depths,you discover that they are.(事物之间是有联系 不到承认的。故选A。 的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热 2. D 推理判断题。根据第四段的“Evenworse,the study 情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系,但一旦你深入 found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they 探索,你就会发现它们是有联系的。)”;下文举出Toni的 start to avoid activities said to be for children who are 例子“My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited 'really,reallysmart.'(更糟糕的是,研究发现女孩们是 several history books. She has decided to study Chinese 按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右,她们开始避免那些拢 history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the 说是‘非常非常聪明'的孩子参加的活动)”可推知,女孩 Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to 容易受到社会信仰的影响,认为自己在六岁左右就不适 learn more about Chinese philosophy.(我的编辑 Toni 也 合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。 是一位作家,她编辑过几本历史书,她已决定学习中国 3.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Ina wiredworldwith 历史,作为一名画家,她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美,同时 constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.(在一个全球通讯不新 也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴趣。)”由此可以推断,作者 想通过Toni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣,如果深入探 的有线世界里,我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现)”可知, 索的话,在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。 进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。 5.A 主旨大意题。文章第一段提出观点“There is 4.B 主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容,结合文章第一段 提出问题“Who isagenius?(谁是天才)”和最后一段的 something to be said for being a generalist,even if you are “As a writer says,future geniuses come from those with aspecialist.”作者提出即使你是一个专家,也应该当一个 'intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple good 通才;文章第二段提出“The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and fortune,who are able to change the world.'(正如一位作 less.”说明成为专家的不足之处是我们常常对越来越少 家所说,未来的天才来自那些具有‘智慧、创造力、毅力和 那些能够改变世界的简单天才。')”可知,天才不一定是 的知识领域了解得越来越深;第四段中提到 那些有巨大贡献的人,他们也可以是某一方面比较突出 “Generalists...., know a lot about a wide range of 的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本 subjects and view the whole with all its connections."说 文最佳标题。故选B。 明当通才的优点往往对广泛的学科了解得很多,并从整 Passage 4 体上来看其中的所有的联系。作者的观点是应该当一个 本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面 【语篇解读】 通才。因此文章的标题应为“BeMore aGeneralist Than 手,而不是当某方面的专家。 aSpecialist(做一个通才,而不是专家)”。故选A。 1.A 推理判断题。文章第二段中提到“Thisrequires 题组二 commitment to a particular occupation,branch of study or Passage 1 体裁:记叙文 research. The drawback to being specialists is we often 主题语境:人与自然一一自然科学研究成 come to know more and more about less and less.(成为 果--JohnTodd的生态设计 专家需要对特定的职业、研究领域的投入。成为专家的 【语篇解读】JohnTodd从小就对自然界的净化过程很感 缺点是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越 兴趣,随着年龄的增长,他不断学习和研究,通过建立动植 多。)”根据“know...about less andless”可知,要成为一 物的生态系统来净化系统内的有害细菌和化学物质,还将 名专家,了解到的知识领域会越来越少,会缩小他的知识 研究成果应用到了大型污水处理项目中。文章主要介绍了 范围。故选A。 JohnTodd的生态设计。 2.C 细节理解题。第三段中提到“Some people seem 1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“WhenJohnTodd willing to work around the clock in their narrow was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his specialty.... These specialists could work at the office house, observing how nature solved problems."可知, until teneachnight(有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业 JohnTodd小时候喜欢探索房子周围的树林,观察大自然 领域夜以继日地工作。.....这些专家可以每天晚上在办 是如何解决问题的;根据第一段最后一句“Whenhegot 公室工作到十点。)”由此可知,这些专家往往花大部分的 older,John started to wonder if this process could be used 时间在工作上。故选C。 to clean up the messes people were making.”可知,John 3.D 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Thedoctor who is 长大后开始琢磨这个过程是否可以被用于清理人们制造 also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor,one who 的混乱;根据第二段第一句“After studyingagriculture, can give so much more to his patients than just good medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to medicalskills.(这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一位 observing nature and asking questions.”可知,在大学学 优秀的医生,他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的 习了农业、医学和渔业之后,John回到了观察大自然和提 东西。)”可知,作者认为一名优秀的医生可以将其他领域 问题(的道路)上。由此可推知,John善于观察、思考和提 的知识带到工作中。故选D. 出问题,他有好奇心。故选C。 140一D Part One 阅读理解 2.做人与做事 题组一 1用时: 易错记录:。 Passage1(2023·全国乙卷·A篇) 2. How was Tan Yunxian different from the other PRACTITIONERS practitioners? Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c. 1322) A. She wrote a book. highlights the suspicion that women practicing B. She went through trials. medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in C. She worked as a dentist. Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as D. She had formal education. a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she 3. Who was the first African American with a was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the medical degree? court hearing testimonials(证明) of her ability as A. Jacaueline Felice de Almania a doctor, she was banned from medicine. B. Tan Yunxian. James Barry (c. 1789-1865) was born C. James Barry. Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler. man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to Passage 2(2022·全国甲卷·C篇) study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813. As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she then joined the British Army, serving overseas. found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire penguins(企鹅)longing to say hello. These gentle. medical profession living and working as a man. lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started Tan Yunxian (1461-1554) was a Chinese what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has physician who learned her skills from her had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the serve apprenticeships(学徒期)with doctors. UK, but always longed to explore further. When However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan she retired from dancing and her sons eventually treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, plunge. describing her life as a physician. After taking a degree at Chichester University Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831-1895) worked in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, as a nurse for eight years before studying in eventually getting work teaching English in Japan medical college in Boston in 186o. Four years and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she later, she was the first African American woman could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego. in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed the southernmost tip of the South American slaves. mainland."I just decided wanted to go,” she says. 1. What did Jacqueline and James have in common? “I had no idea about what I'd find there and 1 A. Doing teaching jobs. wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I B. Being hired as physicians. wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way." C. Performing surgery In March 2oo8, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 D. Being banned from medicine passengers she'd never met before, to begin the 17 五年高考真题 分类集训 英语 journey towards Antarctica. "From seeing the origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience history is written by the victors,and those victors was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me set the standards for admission to the genius club. that no other place has,"Ginni says."I remember When contributions were made by geniuses outside the the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose club一women,or people of a different color or belief- out of the water like some prehistoric creature and they were unacknowledged and rejected by others. I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear A study recently published by Science found the operatic sounds it was making underwater." that as young as age six, girls are less likely than The realization that this is a precious land, to boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are be respected by humans, was one of the biggest "really,really smart. "Even worse, the study found things that hit home to Ginni. that girls act on that belief: Around age six they 1. Which of the following best explains "take the start to avoid activities said to be for children who plunge" underlined in paragraph 2? are"really,really smart. "Can our planet afford to A. Try challenging things. have any great thinkers become discouraged and B. Take a degree. give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the C. Bring back lost memories answer:absolutely not. D. Stick to a promise. Here's the good news. In a wired world with 2. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica? constant global communication, we're all positioned to A. Lovely penguins. see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the B. Beautiful scenery. more we look, the more we will see that social C. A discount fare. factors(因 素) like gender, race,and class do not D. A friend's invitation. determine the appearance of genius. As a writer 3. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after says, future geniuses come from those with the journey? "intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and A. It could be a home for her simple good fortune, who are able to change the B. It should be easily accessible. world." C. It should be well preserved. 1. What does the author think of victors' standards D. It needs to be fully introduced for joining the genius club? 4. What is the text mainly about? A. They're unfair A. A childhood dream. B. They're conservative. B. An unforgettable experience. C. They're objective. C. Sailing around the world. D. They're strict. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica. 2. What can we infer about girls from the study in Passage 3(2021·全国甲卷·D篇) Science? Who is a genius? This question has greatly A. They think themselves smart. interested humankind for centuries. B. They look up to great thinkers. Let's state clearly:Einstein was a genius. His C. They see gender differences earlier than boys face is almost the international symbol for genius. D. They are likely to be influenced by social But we want to go beyond one man and explore the beliefs. nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people 3. Why are more geniuses known to the public? are so much more intelligent or creative than the A. Improved global communication. rest of us? And who are they? B. Less discrimination against women. In the sciences and arts, those praised as C. Acceptance of victors' concepts. geniuses were most often white men, of European D. Changes in people's social positions. Part One 口 阅读理解 4. What is the best title for the text? discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also A. Geniuses Think Alike a writer,has edited several history books. She has B. Genius Takes Many Forms decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the C. Genius and Intelligence structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a D. Genius and Luck painter, she is equally interested to learn more Passage 4(2021·天津卷·D篇) about Chinese philosophy.“I don't know where it There is something to be said for being a will lead,but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit." generalist,even if you are a specialist. Knowing a These expansions into new worlds help us by little about a lot of things that interest you can add giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the to the richness of a whole, well-lived life. interconnectedness of one thing to another in al Society pushes us to specialize, to become aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. experts. This requires commitment to a particular Develop broad,general knowledge and experience. occupation, branch of study or research. The The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy. drawback to being specialists is we often come to 1. To become a specialist,one may have to __. know more and more about less and less. There is A. narrow his range of knowledge a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You B. avoid responsibilities at work may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels C. know more about the society of responsibility at work. Then you discover the D. broaden his perspective on life pressure of having to keep up. 2. The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such A. treasure their freedom commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. B. travel around the world These specialists could work at the office until ten C. spend most time working each night, then look back and realize they would D. enjoy meeting funny people have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the 3. According to the author,a superior doctor is one sweetness of their family and friends,or traveled to who exciting places, meeting interesting people. A. is fully aware of his talent and ability Mastering one thing to the exclusion(排除) of others B. is a pure specialist in medicine can hold back your true spirit. C. should love poetry and philosophy Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot D. brings knowledge of other fields to work about a wide range of subjects and view the whole 4. What does the author intend to show with the with all its connections. They are people of ability. example of Toni? talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad A. Passion alone does not ensure a person's success. perspective(视角) into specific fields of expertise B. In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible. (专长). The doctor who is also a poet and C. Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit. philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give D. Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way so much more to his patients than just good connected. medical skills. 5. What could be the best title for the passage? Things are connected. Let your expertise in A. Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist one field fuel your passions in all related areas. B. Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide Some of your interests may not appear to be C. Turn a Generalist into a Specialist connected but, once you explore their depths, you D. Ways to Become a Generalist _. 19