Unit 4 Epic engineering：Grammaring课件-2024-2025学年沪外教版（2024）七年级英语下册

The shanghai seat tank railway connect sea noon and lsa. The capital cities of shanghai and sea IT ended. He tones no railway history and set a new record for the world's highest railway. How did engineers deal with the chAllenges? Lets find out an epic road. The railway itself is a world wonder. Work began in one thousand nine hundred and fifty eight, and IT took over fifty years to complete. Although IT was a difficult task, chinese engineers and workers did their best to overcome the chAllenges. The biggest chAllenge was permafrost, a type of frozen ground that remains at or below zero degree centre grade for at least two years. Most of the railway is built on IT. The ground can break easily if IT gets too warm. Though the engineers were not familiar with this problem, they invented ways to solve IT. They built walls to block the sun. This could keep the ground colder and stronger. In some places, the railway is built above ground like long bridges. Another chAllenge was to protect the plants, rivers and animals. Along the line, the shanghai c. Tung ra passes through ki and chung places with many wild animals. The engineers built twenty five special passages just for animals. Now the animals can cross the railway without danger. Also, the air in the high mountains is thin and the oxygen level is low. Passengers may feel sick. Engineers design trains that can give passengers more oxygen. Although there were epic chAllenges chinese engineers made history today, the chenghai c tank railway travels for one thousand nine hundred and fifty six kilometers across Green rivers, along snowy mountains, by blue lakes and through amazing desserts. IT is an epic road. Engineers invented box is a way to move both open downhill. To take a boat of help for the x, we need to drain the wall touch of the lock so that we can open the case and let the boat in. To do this, we open some small doors in the gates. These are called puddles. What's the box in the lock? We can close the gates and open the paddles at the top end of the lock. The grand puddles will let water back into the lock for an underground. Once the lock is full again, the top dates can be opened and the boat can continue its journey. Engineers invented box is a way to move both open downhill. To take a boat of help for the x, we need to drain the wall touch of the lock so that we can open the case and let the boat in. To do this, we open some small doors in the gates. These are called puddles. What's the coaches in the lock? We can close the gates and open the paddles at the top end of the lock. The grand puddles will let water back into the lock for an underground. Once the lock is full again, the top dates can be opened and the boat can continue its journey. Is building our ways hard? Yes, though it's a big chAllenge, it's fun to invent ways to help connect people in places. cool. How do trains cross mountains and rivers? We usually build bridges or tunnels. We also add wrongs to make the ground strong enough. It's not an easy go at all. Great projects in china. Do you know about the grand canal in china? It's the longest and most famous canal in the world. People built IT a long time ago to help move things like rice and tea more easily. Building the grand canal was a huge project. First, people had to plan where IT should go by studying the land. Then they used special tools to dig big holes in the ground. Next, they built dams to control the rivers and bring water into the canal. To help boats go up and down. They made special lifts called locks and gates. They also built strong walls with stones and wood. Many people work together to build the grand. One, listen and pay attention to the stressed words, mark stress, as in the following example example, building a safe track is a big chAllenge. One engineers have built passages for animals to cross. Two, it's important to protect the environment and animals. Three engineers invent ways and work hard to make these amazing wonders. Four brave workers face many chAllenges, such as terrible weather and heavy stones. Describing engineering works and chAllenges one. a railway is a road for trains to travel on. Two, a bridge is a building over a river or road. People or traffic can cross on IT. Three, a dam is a special wall across a river to stop the water. For a thrill ride is like a train that runs with lots of ups and downs in a park. Five canal is a long water passage created by people for boats to travel along. Although there were epic chAllenges chinese engineers made history today, the chenghai c tank railway travels for one thousand nine hundred and fifty six kilometers across Green rivers, along snowy mountains, by blue lakes and through amazing deserts. IT is an epic road. 英语 电子教案 七年级 下册 Objectives & Tasks Getting ready Reading and critical thinking Grammaring Listening, viewing and speaking Writing Project Self-assessment Key words & Cool things to know Contents Epic engineering 4 Unit Objectives & Tasks Getting ready Reading and critical thinking Grammaring Listening, viewing and speaking Writing Project Self-assessment Key words & Cool things to know Contents Objectives & Tasks Getting ready Reading and critical thinking Grammaring Listening, viewing and speaking Writing Project Self-assessment Key words & Cool things to know Contents can describe engineering works, the challenges of building them, and the solutions Objectives learn some words about engineering works and ways to overcome challenges practise sentence stress use although and though Tasks can get a deeper understanding of what epic engineering is read an article about the Qinghai–Xizang Railway listen to a radio programme about the Grand Canal study an example of clever engineering Objectives & Tasks can communicate on engineering works and ways to overcome challenges Objectives talk about the Grand Canal make a building plan based on a map Tasks can present an example of epic engineering by using an outline write a short description of Dujiangyan Objectives & Tasks Find sentences you have read that use although or though, and write them here. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 1 2 3 4 5 Engineers work hard and create wonders, even though there are many challenges. Though it is a big challenge, it is fun because engineers try to invent ways to help connect people and places. Although it was a difficult task, Chinese engineers and workers did their best to overcome the challenges. Though the engineers were not familiar with this problem, they invented ways to solve it. Although there were epic challenges, Chinese engineers made history. although and though C1 C Highlights C3 C2 C4 Grammar highlights Both although and though express the idea of contrast. They can be put before or after the main clause. For example: [main clause] He failed to solve the problem although/though he tried hard. [main clause] Although/Though he tried hard, he failed to solve the problem. Though is used more often than although in speech. And we often use even with though (but not with although). For example: Even though he tried hard, he failed to solve the problem. Highlights C although and though C1 C2 C4 C3 The workers managed to complete the project on time, although/though they faced many difficulties. ___________________________________________, it will give us a nice place to play and relax. ___________________________________________, it is still used to stop floods. 1 2 3 Use although or though to connect the two parts of the sentences. Although/Though it takes a long time to build a park a b c d e f they faced many difficulties the dam was built a long time ago it takes a long time to build a park the material was expensive the weather was challenging they didn’t get any help from abroad Although/Though the dam was built a long time ago C2 C although and though C1 Highlights C4 C3 The engineers at home managed to build the bridge, _____________ ______________________________. The workers continued to work on the site, __________________ _____________________. _____________________________________, the scientists decided to use it. 4 5 6 a b c d e f they faced many difficulties the dam was built a long time ago it takes a long time to build a park the material was expensive the weather was challenging they didn’t get any help from abroad Although/though the material was expensive although/though they didn’t get any help from abroad although/though the weather was challenging C2 C although and though C1 Highlights C4 C3 Use although or though to create sentences based on Bobby’s story. Bobby is a curious little robot. He is exploring an engineering lab when he comes across Max. Max is working on a machine that can turn sunlight into heat. He explains, “It is challenging, but we never give up. We work hard until we invent clever new ways to solve a problem.” Bobby then meets Sansan. She is building a model bridge. Curious, Bobby asks, “Isn’t it boring?” Sansan replies, “It can be boring. But it’s fun to use maths to plan and design everything.” Bobby learns that hard work can make anything possible. C3 C C1 Highlights C2 C4 although and though Example 1 2 3 4 Although it is challenging to invent a machine that can turn sunlight into heat, Max never gives up. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Although/Though inventing a machine is difficult, Max never gives up. Although/Though building a model bridge can be boring, it is fun to use maths to plan and design everything. Although/Though working on a machine is challenging, they invent clever new ways to solve problems. C3 C C1 Highlights C2 C4 although and though Example Bobby: Engineer: Bobby: Engineer: Bobby then visits other engineers. Work in pairs and act out the dialogue by using although or though. What are you doing? We are digging through the hard rock to build a tunnel. Is it difficult? Yes. Although/Though it is challenging, we can use modern machines to help us. C4 C C1 Highlights C2 although and though C3 Listen to identify the text type and give your reasons. Great projects in China a travel ad a documentary a news report a short story a b c d The audio clip is a documentary. It presents information about the Grand Canal in a clear and informative manner, explaining its purpose, construction process, and features. The language used is objective and informative. ✓ Subskill: Identifying the text type Listening Speaking Pronunciation Viewing D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 1 2 D 1 2 People built the Grand Canal to ____. a go fishing and boating b transport goods across the country c stop floods d help boats go up and down It was not likely that people used ____ when they built the canal. a b c d Listen again and choose the best answers. Great projects in China Pronunciation D2 1 2 D Listening Speaking Viewing D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D1 Great projects in China Discuss the question in pairs. Do you think the Grand Canal is a good example of epic engineering? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (Answers may vary.) The Great Canal is a good example of epic engineering because ancient people built it over a thousand years ago without modern technology. It is the longest man-made river passage and connects the north and south parts of China. It’s also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Many towns and cities grew up along the canal. Pronunciation D2 D3 1 2 D Listening Speaking Viewing D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D1 Clever engineering Listen and choose the best answer. Subtitles on Subtitles off Pronunciation D3 D4 1 2 D Listening Speaking Viewing D5 D6 D7 D8 D1 D2 Clever engineering What does this material explain? a b c d Why engineers invented locks. How a lock works. Why canals are important. How a boat turns around. Pronunciation D3 D4 1 2 D Listening Speaking Viewing D5 D6 D7 D8 D1 D2 Clever engineering Listen and match the parts in the picture with their names. Subtitles on Subtitles off Pronunciation D4 D5 1 2 D D3 Listening Speaking Viewing D6 D7 D8 D1 D2 paddle underground pipe top gate 1 2 3 Clever engineering B C A Pronunciation D4 D5 1 2 D D3 Listening Speaking Viewing D6 D7 D8 D1 D2 Clever engineering How do we help a boat move up a hill? Put the four pictures in the correct order. Then use first, second, next, and finally to describe the steps. Steps: _______ _______ _______ _______ a c b d Open the top gates and the boat goes on. Open the paddles to let the water out of the lock. Open the gates and let the boat in. Close the gates, open the top paddles, and let water go back into the lock. Pronunciation D5 D6 1 2 D D4 D3 Listening Speaking Viewing D7 D8 D1 D2 Talking about the Grand Canal in China Read the dialogue and find out how to check understanding. A: B: A: We need to make sure that the bridge can support the weight of heavy trucks. Do you mean we need to make sure the bridge can stand much weight? Exactly. We don’t want to see the bridge break down under the weight of heavy trucks. Subskill: Checking understanding Pronunciation D6 D7 1 2 D D5 D4 D3 Listening Speaking Viewing D8 D1 D2 Questions: • When did people build it? • Why did people build it? • How did people build it? • How many parts is it made up of? • Why do people like it now? Talking about the Grand Canal in China Work in pairs. Talk with your partner about the Grand Canal in China. Use the questions to help you. Useful expressions Pronunciation D7 D8 1 2 D D6 D5 D4 D3 Listening Speaking Viewing D1 D2 Listen and pay attention to the stressed words. Mark (') as in the following example. EXAMPLE 'Building a 'safe 'track is a 'big 'challenge. Sentence stress I 1 2 3 4 Engineers invent ways and work hard to make these amazing wonders. Brave workers face many challenges such as terrible weather and heavy stones. Engineers have built passages for animals to cross. It’s important to protect the environment and animals. ' Engineers have ' built ' passages for ' animals to ' cross. It’s ' important to ' protect the ' environment and ' animals. ' Engineers ' invent ways and ' work ' hard to ' make these ' amazing ' wonders. ' Brave ' workers ' face ' many challenges such as ' terrible ' weather and ' heavy ' stones. Pronunciation D8 1 2 D D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 Listening Speaking Viewing D1 D2 Working out the rules. In normal speech, we put stress on words that carry important information such as nouns, verbs, numerals, adjectives and _________ (prepositions / adverbs). adverbs Sentence stress I Pronunciation D8 1 2 D D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 Listening Speaking Viewing D1 D2 Read after the recording. Sentence stress I Pronunciation 1 2 D D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 Listening Speaking Viewing D1 D2 感谢观看 53837.555 TMPGEnc Video Mastering Works 5 Version. 5.0.6.38 Lavf60.16.100 53628.586 $$Also, the air in the high mountains is thin and the oxygen level is low. Passengers may feel sick. Engineers design trains that can give passengers more oxygen. The biggest chAllenge was permafrost, a type of frozen ground that remains at or below zero degree integrated for at least two years. Most of the railway is built on IT. The ground can break easily if IT gets too warm, though the engineers were not familiar with this problem, they invented ways to solve IT. They built walls to block the sun. This could keep the ground colder and stronger. In some places, the railway is built above ground like long bridges. The railway itself is a world wonder. Work began in one thousand nine hundred and fifty eight, and IT took over fifty years to complete. Although IT was a difficult task, chinese engineers and workers did their best to overcome the chAllenges. Another chAllenge was to protect the plants, rivers and animals along the line. The shanghai I sea tang railway passes through kci and chung, places with many wild animals. The engineers built twenty five special passages just for animals. Now the animals can cross the railway without danger.