专题03 阅读理解-主旨大意题&推理判断题+一模试题&热点话题（天津专用）-2025届中考英语总复习（外研版）

阅读理解-主旨大意题&推理判断题+一模试题&热点话题 主旨大意题 主旨大意题需要考生在阅读并理解全文的基础上，对文章内容或段落内容进行归纳概括，强调整体。该题型常见的设问方式和解题方法如下所示： 标题类：The best title/heading for the passage/paragraph is... 中心思想类：What’s the passage mainly about?/What does the passage mainly tell us? 段落概括类：What’s the main idea of the first paragraph? 1.关键词法/主题词法 Do you know that over 1/3 of all food produced in the world goes to waste? According to the United Nations (UN), every year around the world, about one billion (十亿) tons of food is wasted. At the same time, there are nearly one billion people who go hungry. Simply 1/4 of the food wasted is enough to keep them out of hunger. In addition, the wasted food produces over three billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), which speeds up climate (气候) change. What can we do to solve this food waste problem? One effective solution is balancing food production with demand (需求). In hotels and other similar places, special instruments should be used so that cooking specialists just prepare and cook food as it is ordered. Another effective solution is starting programs to reduce (减少) food waste. Stores and buyers can try their best to be creative in food waste reduction. For example, stores can provide customers with instructions telling them how to make full use of food. Buyers can try not fixing their eyes only on food of the best quality (质量). Sometimes, the food of non-top quality is also good enough to eat, or can be bought and then used to make delicious dishes. One of the hardest solutions to achieve is for each and every one to buy and prepare food with a plan of their own so that less food is wasted. Challenging as it is, the use of meal plans in preparing food can play an important role in ending food waste in the family. Food recycling is one of the known solutions. Efforts are now already in progress. Food that is not safe for humans to eat is recycled into other products such as animal feeds and clothing. Yet, there is still a long way to go and much for improvement in this area. In a word, food waste has been one of the biggest problems in the world that have influenced us greatly. Many solutions have been found and many more are yet to be worked out. If each of us can put in more efforts, food waste is sure to be reduced for the good of our future. 问：What is the passage mainly about? A. Benefits of reducing food waste. B. Solutions to the food waste problem. C. The importance of fighting food waste. D. The attitude to the food waste problem. 2.关键句法/主题句法 All the results proved our theory（假设） true.But putting it into practice can be difficult. Our fast-paced lifestyles fill the day with goals. We try to get the highest output both at work and in spare time. This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. We should slow down and let life surprise us. 问：What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A. It is easier for results-driven people to achieve success. B. We often turn a blind eye to the present moment. C. A fast-paced lifestyle helps us reach our goals. D. Future life will bring us many more surprises. 3.段意组合法/篇章结构法 What does it mean to be green? Green is more than just a color. It also means taking special steps to protect the environment. Buying a green product is a small step everyone can take. Deciding whether a product is green, however, isn’t always easy. We need to consider the whole life cycle of the product even after it’s of no use. Here is what we may keep in mind. The materials of a product are usually our first focus (关注). What is it made of? Are there any harmful chemicals in it? Green products are made of more natural materials which are free from harmful chemicals, so they can be good for our physical health. Packaging is important. How is a product packaged? Is it over packaged? We’d better choose glass, metal and paper packaging, as these can be reused or more easily recycled (回收利用). We can also look for less packaging or even choose unbagged products whenever possible. Location (地点) matters. Where was a product produced? Where are we buying it? Think about how much energy was used to get it to us try to choose local products. When it comes to food, it is a good idea to order directly from local farmer, shop at markets and buy fruits in season. Buying from stores near our houses is also a good choice, because we can go there without driving a car. Look into what the company tells us about their product. It’s easy to say that a product is “green” or “all natural” but the words may be too good to be true. So, much of the information about a product should be taken with a grain of salt. After all, companies try to make us believe that their products are environmentally responsible. The greenest thing is certainly the one we don’t buy. Things like food and clothing are necessary for life. But many others are not. Better than buying is choosing to leave an unnecessary product in the store and doing without. It sends a message to the producer, keeps money in our pockets, reduces (减少) waste and keeps the planet healthy. 问：Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Buying Green B. Recycling Waste C. Keeping Healthy D. Reducing Energy Use 4.标题反推法 There are millions of recipes(菜谱) hidden in the boxes and hearts of grandmother and parents. These family recipes are a special part of our family history. Some of them have been passed down from generation(一代人) to generation. .......... "Those special tastes can immediately unlock a whole flood of emotions, memories and feelings of family, love, and comfort," says she. ....... Actually, there are simple ways to keep family recipes, Scrapbooks（剪贴薄）are easily found in the market. You can even add photos to record every detail of your memories about the recipe. With the help of some popular apps like Story Scans, recording family recipes has never been easier. What is needed is to scan（扫描） the recipes and record the story behind each of them. It can become the most meaningful work you have ever done with and for your family. Keeping family recipes is saving and honoring our tradition so that future generations can continue to make family ties stronger. Every time you remember your loved ones, recreate one of the dishes from your collection and let the memories from the good old days comfort you. So why not gift your kids a family recipe book when they are starting a new life? 问：Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Family Recipes: Secrets of Cooking B. Family Recipes Are at a Crossroads C. Family Recipes: Connections to Interests D. Family Recipes Are More than Just Recipes 推理判断题 推理判断题要求考生对文本内容或作者的情感、态度、目的做出合理的判断和推理，在C篇、D篇考查频率较高。根据其推断的内容，可分为三类，即细节推断类、写作目的推断类、情景推断类。 1.细节推断类 细节推断类多为推断文章细节或作者观点、态度，其常见设问方式如下所示： From this passage, we can infer/know/learn that __________. What can we learn from the passage?/What do you know about...? The writer probably agrees that __________. 细节推断题实际考查的是对文章细节的理解，选项中只有1项与原文表述一致，其他3个选项均为对原文的错误表述。该类型题目可以用判断正误法来解。 Another effective solution is starting programs to reduce（减少）food waste. Stores and buyers can try their best to be creative in food waste reduction.For example, （C选项对应原文） stores can provide customers with instructions telling them how to make full use of food. Buyers can try not fixing their eyes only on food of the best quality（质量）. （B选项对应原文）Sometimes, the food of non-top quality is also good enough to eat, or can be bought and then used to make delicious dishes. （D选项对应原文）One of the hardest solutions to achieve is for each and every one to buy and prepare food with a plan of their own so that less food is wasted. Challenging as it is, the use of meal plans in preparing food can play an important role in ending food waste in the family. （A选项对应原文）Food recycling is one of the known solutions. Efforts are now already in progress. Food that is not safe for humans to eat is recycled into other products such as animal feeds and clothing. Yet, there is still a long way to go and much for improvement in this area. 问：What can we learn from the passage? A. Food recycling has been hugely successful. B. Buyers should give up non-top quality food. C. Stores should train people to make delicious dishes. D. Meal plans in the family are hard to put into practice. 2.写作目的推断类 该类题侧重问作者写某句/某段/整个篇章的目的，常见的设问方式有以下几种： Why does the writer talk about...? The writer mentions...in Paragraph 2 to show that __________. The writer wants/intends to tell us that __________. What’s the main purpose of the passage? 写作目的题的选项一般会有以下动词：introduce（介绍）、suggest（提议）、explain解释）、discuss（讨论）、compare（比较）、question（质疑）、stress 强调）、remind （提醒）、show （展示）等。常用解题方法如下所示： 1. 语境推断法（适用于推断某句/某段的写作目的） Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation（适应）..Consider,for example,hunting(打猎). It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits. At the same time, the development of weapons（武器） is related to that adaptation—from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied. 问：Why does the writer talk about . .hunting in Paragraph 3? A. To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits. B. To stress the importance of tools in humans’ struggle for life. C. To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment. D. To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons. 2.主旨推断法（适用于推断整篇文章的写作目的） A Pathway（路径） to Meaning in Life When it comes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. A life filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, what makes a meaningful life? Many researchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors (因素): having long-term goals,believing that one’s life matters, and feeling that one’s life fits together and “makes sense”. But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimes life enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating (欣赏) such experiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We call this experiential appreciation (EA). EA is about the person feeling connected to events and being able to appreciate the value within the connection. It shows the discovery of and admiration for life’s beauty. We recently set out to better understand EA in studies. We were interested in whether EA was also tied to general judgment of meaning in life. If so, it could be a factor for meaningfulness. In the first study, we had people rate (评估) their support for different methods of reducing stress. We found that people who managed stress by focusing on their appreciation for life’s beauty also reported experiencing life as highly meaningful. In the next study, we asked people to rate the degree to which they agreed with various statements, such as “I appreciate the beauty of life” and “I appreciate little things in life,” as well as other statements that related to the three factors and a general sense of meaning in life. Our results showed that the more people reported that they were “appreciating life” and its many experiences, the more they felt their life was valuable. In the following studies, we further looked at the connection between EA and meaningfulness. For example, we found that people who were asked to look back on the most meaningful event of the past week generally reported high EA in those moments. All the results proved our theory (假设) true. But putting it into practice can be difficult. Our fast-paced lifestyles fill the day with goals. We try to get the highest output both at work and in spare time. This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. We should slow down and let life surprise us. 问：What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To explain how to discover beauty in life. B. To discuss what the true meaning of life is. C. To introduce a new factor for a meaningful life. D. To compare different factors for meaningfulness. 3.情景推断类 情景推断题考查对文中重点论述的某个观点/概念/方法的理解，选项一般为不同的生活情景，要求选出符合该观点/概念/方法的情景。常见的设问方式如下所示： You were most probably in...condition when __________. You will most probably experience...when you __________. According to the writer, we can...by __________. 情景推断题考查的是文中重点论述的观点/概念/方法，原文一般会使用概念解释和示例来加以论述，因此可利用原文中的解释和示例来找出选项中与之相符的情景。 Enjoyment is characterized by a sense of curiosity, of achievement. Playing a tennis game that improves one’s ability is enjoyable, as is reading a book that shows things in a new light, as is having a conversation that leads us to express ideas we didn’t know we had. None of these experiences may be especially pleasurable when they are taking place, but when we think back on them afterwards, we would say, “That really was fun” and wish they would happen again. After an enjoyable event we know that we have changed, and grown. 问：You will most probably experience enjoyment when you ______. A. buy expensive shoes B. order a delicious meal C. talk with friends for new ideas D. sit quietly in front of a television 天津一模 1.（2025·天津南开·一模）First journey around Earth It has been over 500 years since the first journey around the whole planet in 1521. Many people thought it was impossible. It nearly was because trains and planes were not invented back then. The journey was started by a Portuguese sailor, Ferdinand Magellan, but he never saw it finished. Magellan, born in 1480, was following in the footsteps of explorers (探险家) like Christopher Columbus. He’d traveled from Spain to America in 1492 and encouraged others to take to the seas. But Magellan’s journey was even more daring. A journey around the whole world would show completely the still-questioned idea that the world was not flat, but round. In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan set sail from Spain where he got support (支持) from the Spanish King, Charles V. But Spanish sailors didn’t like being led by a Portuguese Man. After fighting storms, losing ships and many of his men turning against him and returning home, Magellan was killed in the Philippines by local people in 1521. After Magellan’s death, his group continued in the only ship that was left. Along the way, they traveled across a new ocean and mapped new paths for European trade. For better or worse, they had made the way for modem world trade. Sixty thousand miles later, and after the death of 80% of those who took part, the journey had shown that the world could be circled around. The passage Magellan’s team went through, between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, was named after him: the Strait of Magellan. It is 570 kilometers long. His influence on the world did not end there. In 1989, NASA named a spacecraft after the explorer and sent it to Venus (金星). 1．Who was Ferdinand Magellan? A．A Portuguese sailor. B．A Spanish sailor. C．The Spanish King. D．A soldier in Philippines 2．What is “the still-questioned idea” according to the story? A．The dream of finding new, flat lands. B．The opinion that Earth was round. C．The idea of traveling on the sea for years. D．The importance of exploration in the 16th century. 3．How old was Ferdinand Magellan when he set sail from Spain? A．12. B．21. C．39. D．41. 4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．A spacecraft was named after Magellan by NASA． B．Ferdinand Magellan finished the long journey with his group. C．Ferdinand Magellan’s group created new paths for world trade. D．The Strait of Magellan is between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. 5．What does the story talk about? A．The history of ocean exploration by Europeans. B．The importance of mapping new paths for trade. C．The challenges during Magellan’s journey to South Asia. D．Magellan’s historic journey around the world and its influence. 2.。（2025·天津河北·模拟预测）Recently, someone in Xingfu, a village in Zhejiang, found an endangered (濒危) creature (生物) in the water. It is called the peach blossom jellyfish (桃花水母). This creature is in danger of disappearing forever and is under government protection. People also call it the “panda in the water” because there aren’t many of them in the world. According to scientists, the peach blossom jellyfish looks very small, about the size of a coin, and it needs to live in good and clean water. The discovery of the peach blossom jellyfish in Xingfu is a big deal because it means that the water there is clean and healthy. However, there was a factory in the village, which caused a mess in its environment. Luckily, the villagers have worked hard to improve their water and land in the past few years. Now, the water in the village is getting cleaner and healthier. And the people in Xingfu are happy to see their hard work is finally paying off. Gao Yueye, the man who discovered the peach blossom jellyfish, is proud of the achievements of his people. “I was just walking near a park when I saw something swimming in the river,” said Gao. “It was a clear creature with a shape like an umbrella.” He couldn’t believe his eyes when he saw the creature and quickly recorded a video. It’s important to treasure and protect creatures like the peach blossom jellyfish. They warn us about the beauty of nature and how we should take care of our environment. Everyone, young or old, can help make a difference by keeping our water clean and protecting animals. We all play an important role in keeping our planet healthy! 1．Why is the peach blossom jellyfish called the “panda in the water”? A．Because it is lovely. B．Because it is famous. C．Because it is strange. D．Because it is endangered. 2．What do we know about the peach blossom jellyfish from Paragraph 2? A．It looks like a gold coin. B．It usually lives on the beach. C．It has never appeared in Zhejiang. D．It can’t live without clean and healthy water. 3．What has improved the environment in Xingfu? A．The villagers’ farm tools. B．The report of the village. C．The villagers’ hard work. D．The factory in the village. 4．How might Gao feel when he recorded the video? A．Excited. B．Tired. C．Worried. D．Confident. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．A modern village B．An amazing discovery C．A healthy planet D．A warm-hearted man 3.（2025·天津东丽·模拟预测）Green is an important color in nature. It is the color of grass and the leaves on trees. It is the color of most growing plants, too. Sometimes, the word green means young, fresh and growing. Sometimes, it describes something that is not yet finished or plants that are not ripe. For example, a greenhorn is someone who has no experience, who is new to a situation. In the fifteenth century, a greenhorn was a young cow or ox whose horns had not yet developed. A century or so later, a greenhorn was a soldier who had not yet had any experience in war (战争). By the eighteenth century, a greenhorn had the meaning it has today—a person who is new in a job. About one hundred years ago, greenhorn was a popular expression in the American west. Old-timers used it to describe a man who had just arrived from one of the big cities in the east. The greenhorn didn’t have the skills that he would need to live in the hard, rough country. Someone who has the ability to grow plants well is said to have a green thumb. The expression comes from the early nineteen hundred. A person with a green thumb seems to have a magic touch that makes plants grow quickly and well. You might say that the woman next door has a green thumb if her garden continues to grow long after your plants have died. The Green Revolution (革命) is the name which was given some years ago to the development of new kinds of rice and other grains. The new plants produced much larger crops. The Green Revolution was the result of hard work by agricultural (农业的) scientists who had green thumbs. 1．According to the passage, a greenhorn means ________ now. A．a person who is new in a job B．a soldier who has not had any experience in war C．a young cow or ox whose horns have not yet developed D．a man who doesn’t have the skills to live in the country 2．The meaning of the underlined word “ripe” is ________. A．未完成的 B．青涩的 C．成熟的 D．老练的 3．Which of the following is NOT right? A．The expression “the Green Revolution” appeared several years ago. B．If there weren’t the Green Revolution, we would have no rice to eat. C．Agricultural scientists with green thumbs started the Green Revolution. D．Because of the Green Revolution, we have more kinds of rice and other grains. 4．We can know from the passage that ________. A．all growing plants is green B．green is the most important color in nature C．a person with a green thumb can make plants grow well D．the expression “a green thumb” has a history of two hundred years 5．The main idea of the passage is ________. A．a greenhorn B．a green thumb C．the Green Revolution D．the word “green” and its story 4.（2025·天津滨海新·一模）Let’s suppose it is a common day of 2060. Of course, things have changed and life is very different. Trips to the moon are being made every day. Taking a holiday on the moon today is as easy as taking a holiday in Europe in the 2010s. At a number of scenic spots (风景胜地) on the moon, many hotels have been built. In order that everyone can enjoy the beautiful scenery on the moon, every room has at least one picture window. Everything imaginable is provided for entertainment of the young and old. What are people eating now? People are still eating food. But a lot of food now comes in pill (药片) form, and the food that goes into the pill comes mainly from green plants. Because people in the world today are much more than those about fifty years ago, most of the earth’s surface has to be filled. The deserts are irrigated with water and crops are no longer eaten by pests (害虫). The harvest is always good. Farming, of course, is very highly developed. Very few people have to work on the farms. It is possible to run the farms by just using a few computers. People are now largely vegetarians (素食者) and they eat only bread, vegetables, fruit and so on and they don’t eat meat or fish. You see, as the number of people increases, the number of animals decreases. So people have to be vegetarians. We are healthier both in our bodies and in our minds, and we know how to deal with all kinds of illnesses. No one has to be ill any more. 1．What will be on the moon in 2060 according to the passage? A．Many green plants. B．Many wild animals. C．Many interesting places. D．Many children and students. 2．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “irrigated”? A．冲刷 B．灌溉 C．淹没 D．排泄 3．Which of the following is TRUE? A．People only eat food in pill form. B．People don’t have any crops. C．People run the farms by using high technology. D．The harvest is sometimes good. 4．Why do people have to be vegetarians in 2060? A．Because they want to be healthier. B．Because vegetables can make the patients well. C．Because there will be more people and fewer animals. D．Because eating vegetables is good for our minds. 5．What attitude does the writer have towards the future life? A．He feels pretty hopeful about the future. B．He is not very satisfied with some things of the future. C．He seems really sad about what will happen in the future. D．He is afraid of the future life. 5.（2025·天津西青·一模） Walking If you want to get healthy or stay healthy, there is one easy activity for you-walking. You may think that simply taking a walk is not enough to make a big difference. You may think that you need to do something like running to stay healthy. Well, a new study says that is not true. It finds out that walking may be as good for us as running. Running is a high-impact（高强度的）activity and can be hard on the body. So, many people cannot run. Walking seems to have all of the advantages and none of the disadvantages of running. Dr Russell Pate is a professor of exercise science at the Arnold School of Public Health at the University of South Carolina. He says, “Walking is one of the easiest and safest exercises a person can do. You do not need to learn a lot to get results.” Walking needs no special skills or equipment. You can do it anywhere. It fits easily into your daily schedule (日程表). You can walk at work. You can walk if you want to go shopping. You can take the stairs instead of the lift. Walking is a great exercise for beginners. If you are out of shape or getting back into shape after an illness or accident, walking is perfect. You can do a little at a time, or as we like to say, take baby steps. 1．If you want to get healthy or stay healthy, one easy activity for you is _________. A．swimming B．walking C．skating D．shopping 2．A new study shows __________. A．running is better than walking B．walking is the best way of exercising C．walking is as good as running D．walking and running are not good enough 3．Why does Dr Russell Pate say walking is one of the easiest and safest exercises person can do? A．Because walking is a high-impact activity and can be easy on the body. B．Because walking needs skills. C．Because running has more advantages than walking. D．Because walking needs no special skills or equipment, and we can do it anywhere. 4．What is the sixth paragraph talking about? A．The advantages of walking B．The results of walking C．The impact of walking D．The disadvantages of walking 5．What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To tell people that walking is a waste of time B．To tell people that they don’t need to run any more. C．To tell people that they should walk more. D．To tell people that they shouldn’t walk more. 6.（2025·天津和平·一模）“Atishoo!” Jack sneezes (打喷啶). “I hope you haven’t got a cold, ” Mom feels Jack’s head. “Warm, but not a fever. ”Mom gives Jack a tissue (纸巾). “Sneeze into this if you have to. We don’t want you to spread germs.” “Germs? ”Jack shakes his head. “It’s only a sneeze!” “Yes, but if you have a cold, you can spread a lot of cold germs with a sneeze. ” “But I don’t see germs anywhere around me!” “You can’t see them with your eyes because they are too small. But you can spread them easily with sneezes. Now come with me. ” Mom takes Jack to the kitchen. She takes out a bag of flour (面粉) and puts some onto her hand. Then she holds it close to her face and sneezes—that little bit of flour is all over the kitchen. “So now you know why I gave you the tissue? ” asks Mom. “I know what you mean. But is this the only way for me to keep away from germs? ” says Jack. “Of course not. There are other ways too. ” says Mom. “For example, always wash your hands with running water after you use the bathroom or play with animals. Put soap all over your hands—fronts, backs, and between the fingers. It’s the best to wash your hands for at least 20 seconds. That’s how long it takes to sing Happy Birthday song twice. Then wash all of the soap off your hands with clean water. Last, remember to dry your hands because wet hands can still spread germs. ” Jack does as Mom says. He doesn’t have a cold and doesn’t even sneeze again. Now he is just fine! 1．What does the underlined word “germ” mean? A．细菌 B．灰尘 C．唾液 D．鼻涕 2．What do we know about Jack that day? A．He has a fever. B．He eats some flour. C．He washes hands 20 times. D．He knows how germs spread. 3．Why can’t Jack see germs with his eyes? A．Because he needs glasses. B．Because germs are small. C．Because he has poor eyesight. D．Because germs disappear quickly. 4．Why does Jack’s mom sneeze in front of the flour? A．To play a game with Jack. B．To tell Jack how germs spread. C．To teach him to cook with flour. D．To show him how to clean the kitchen. 5．Which of the following is NOT TRUE about washing hands? A．We need to wash the backs of our hands. B．We should dry our hands after washing them. C．We must sing a song while washing our hands. D．We should wash our hands with running water. 7.（2025·天津滨海新·一模）Safety problems greatly affect many parts of the world. In China, safety education is becoming more and more important now. The day of safety education for primary and middle school students falls on Monday in the last week of March each year. It helps students learn more about what they should do to keep themselves safe. What are the accidents at school? Let’s take a look. A stampede always happens in crowded places. When students around you begin to push, just stand there and try to hold onto something. If you fall down in the crowd, move to one side and protect your head with your hands around. When earthquakes happen, you can get under a desk quickly and hold on. It’ll protect you from falling things. If you are outdoors, find a place away from buildings, trees, and power lines. When there’s a fire, leave the classroom quickly. It’s better to put something wet over your mouth and nose. In this way, you won’t breathe in smoke. Many people die in a fire, not because of the fire but smoke. It makes them cough and they can’t breathe. That’s very dangerous! So when you want to get out, you should make yourself close to the floor. Then you can breathe some fresh air. Remember, the most important thing is to stay calm in a fire. Stampedes, earthquakes and fires are the main accidents at school. If you can remember safety knowledge and survival (生存) skills, you will live a safe and happy life. 1．When is the safety education day for students in 2024? A．On Monday, March 4th. B．On Monday, March 11th. C．On Monday, March 18th. D．On Monday, March 25th 2．What is the meaning of the underlined word “stampede” in Paragraph 2? A．欺凌 B．窒息 C．踩踏 D．溺水 3．What should you do when earthquakes happen? A．Try to help others run away. B．Get under a desk quickly and hold on. C．Protect your stomach with your hands. D．Stand and try to hold onto something. 4．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Many people die because of the smoke in a fire. B．Safety education helps students learn how to keep healthy. C．When you want to get out of a fire, you can’t make yourself close to the floor. D．Find a place away from buildings if you are in the classroom when earthquakes happen. 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Health care. B．Cooking courses. C．English learning. D．Safety education. 8.（2025·天津西青·一模）Some wonderfully creative uses of X-ray s have been in the world of art. But the most impressive one is to uncover what has been covered up. Details unfolded by an X-ray of a painting can’t be seen any other way. For example, in the past, paintings were often repaired if small pieces of paint fell off the canvas (帆布). These repairs cannot be seen just by looking at the painting. It takes an X-ray to discover where the repairs have been made. An X-ray of a painting is one of the best ways to tell if it was created by a famous painter or if it is a forgery (赝品). If there is a question as to whether an old master has painted a certain painting or not, X-rays are made and compared to those of paintings that are known to be original. If the brushstrokes (笔迹), for example, are shown to be totally different than in other work done by a certain artist, then the painting is proved to be a fake copy. Since modern paints are usually made from different materials than paints of hundreds of years ago, the image they leave on an X-ray film looks different. This is another way X-rays can be used to spot a forgery. A modern artist will try to make a forgery look hundreds of years old by painting dirty varnish on it or by using artificial means to get the varnish to look cracked. To the naked eye the forgery may look old, but when a careful study of the X-ray image is made, the deceptions obvious. It was common many years ago for an artist to finish a painting, decide it wasn’t any good, and paint a completely different picture on top of it. Or artists would paint over others’ work — it was their version of recycling. Taking an X-ray is the only way to find out if there is a picture underneath the picture you see with your eyes. Sometimes museums will be more interested in the painting beneath than the one on top, and will restore the older one by having the top layer painstakingly removed. 1．Why do people need X-ray to discover repairs on a painting? A．Because the technology of X-ray is more accurate. B．Because X-ray is much cheaper. C．Because the law requires the painting to be tasted by X-ray. D．Because it is cheap. 2．How to tell the real masterpiece apart from the forgery? A．By comparing the painting with the original paintings drew by certain artist under an X-ray. B．By removing the top layer of the painting. C．By using some different materials to have a test. D．By betting the vanish to look cracked 3．What is the main purpose of the article? A．To provide information to the police who are looking for stolen art. B．To persuade art dealers to check for fake copies before selling art. C．To explain how modern technology can be applied in unique ways. D．To help artists restore damaged artwork to its original appearance. 4．In Paragraph 3, the word “deception” probably means ________. A．comparison B．drawback C．trickery D．judgment 5．Which is the best title for the passage? A．X-ray Detectives B．Creative Uses of Technology C．Forgery Studies D．X-ray Painting Technique 社会热点 1.（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）Dear classmates, Welcome to our class report. China is developing at a very fast speed and its technological (科技的) progress has encouraged young people to make efforts to contribute (贡献) to our country. Now, get ready for today’s story time! I’ll share two special examples of such young pioneers—whose names you’ll learn later! Liang Wenfeng is a well-known person in the technology world. Born in Zhanjiang, Guangdong in 1985, he was really good at math from childhood. In primary school, he solved hard math problems that even middle school students might find hard. By middle school, he studied harder math by himself. At 17 in 2002, he entered Zhejiang University with top grades. In 2023, he set up DeepSeek focusing on AI. Their AI products, like DeepSeek-V3, surprised the world because they work really well and don’t cost much. Liang Wenfeng’s story tells us to keep running after our dreams and try our best to make them come true. Wang Xingxi ng was born in Zhejiang in 1990. Since he was a child, he has been good at math and loved making things. In middle school, though he was not good at English, his love for robots never died. He graduated from Shanghai University, where his robot-making ability shone. In 2015, he designed (设计) “XDog” robot and won an international prize. In 2016, he started his own company (公司), Hangzhou Unitree Robots Co., Ltd. Under his direction, the company created popular four-legged robots seen on big shows. Wang dreams of bringing robots into daily life, and his efforts are making it happen. 根据语言材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Where is it most possible for students to read the article or hear the speech? A．In a science magazine. B．At an English class meeting. C．On a technology website. 2．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph (段)? A．To introduce two famous scientists directly. B．To explain the importance of technology. C．To prepare for sharing the encouraging stories. 3．What did Liang Wenfeng do in 2023? A．He set up DeepSeek focusing on AI. B．He designed a popular robot. C．He entered Zhejiang University. 4．What can we learn from Wang Xingxing’s story? A．English is not important for robot-making. B．Loving what you do and keeping trying can lead to success. C．You must graduate from a top university to start a company. 5．How are Liang Wenfeng and Wang Xingxing similar? A．They both had a strong interest in math from an early age. B．They both graduated from Zhejiang University. C．They both started companies in 2016. 2.（2025·山东济南·一模）The 2025 Spring Festival Gala, also known as the CCTV New Year’s Gala, was a wonderful event that showed the newest developments in technology and entertainment. One of the most talked-about highlights of the gala was the appearance of YangBOT. Directed by famous film maker Zhang Yimou, the show mixed traditional Chinese yangge dance with modern robot technology, which amazed audiences at home and abroad. In the performance, human-like robots dressed in colorful costumes danced yangge, a joyful traditional folk dance from northern China often seen during Spring festivals. They spun handkerchiefs instantly and formed creative patterns alongside a group of professional dancers. The robot’s movements were smooth and precise, showing the incredible progress Chinese people have made in the field of robotics and AI. What’s more, YangBOT played a significant role in the gala, not only as a performer but also as an interactive host. The robots have state-of-the-art (最先进的) artificial intelligence (AI). They can interact with the audience in real-time, answering questions, telling jokes and even take part in daily activities. Its ability to understand and response to human emotions made it a hit among viewers of all ages, and that has become a symbol of China’s technological innovation. Thanks to the innovations, the robots won the heart of millions. On social media, topics like “Robot Yangge” trended quickly. Young viewers call it “cool”, while older audiences loved its humor and festival spirit. The YangBOT performance is a perfect mixture of China’s tech progress and cultural pride. As one fan said, “It’s like watching the future and past dance together!” The appearance of YangBOT in the 2025 Spring Festival Gala was a symbol of China’s commitment (投入) to innovation and its vision for the future. The robot’s presence not only entertained millions of viewers but also inspired a new generation of tech enthusiasts. As technology continues to develop, it is clear that robots like YangBOT will play an increasingly important role in our lives, bridging the gap between humans and machines. 1．What specific action did YangBOT perform? A．Spinning handkerchiefs instantly. B．Changing costumes rapidly. C．Singing traditional festival songs. D．Controlling stage lighting effects. 2．Which feature of YangBOT impressed (给……印象深刻) the audience most? A．Its ability to spin handkerchiefs quickly. B．Its understanding of human emotions. C．Its colorful costumes. D．Its collaboration with professional dancers. 3．What can we infer about the audience’s reaction to YangBOT? A．Some young viewers found it interesting. B．Older audiences disliked its modern technology. C．People of different ages enjoyed it for various reasons. D．It caused disagreements on social media. 4．What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 5 refer to? A．Traditional yangge dance. B．The progress in robotics and AI. C．The Spring Festival Gala. D．The YangBOT performance. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The challenges of combining technology with traditional culture. B．The importance of the Spring Festival Gala in Chinese culture. C．Zhang Yimou’s contribution to modern robot performances. D．YangBOT’s success in mixing technology progress with cultural pride. 3.（2025·福建泉州·一模）Imagine this: You jump into a car on a weekend morning, and it takes you wherever you want to go—no directions needed. When it drops you off, it heads home on its own, so you don’t need to worry about parking. That’s what self-driving cars can do. A self-driving car is also called a driver-less car. It senses its environment and operates without human involvement (参与). Depending on the level of driving automation (自动化), these cars require different degrees of human involvement. At higher levels, a human passenger may not need to take control or even be in the vehicle at all. However, at lower levels, human involvement might still be necessary. An autonomous vehicle isn’t some simple small tool. “It’s a system, a collection of inventions applied (应用) in a novel way,” reported Wired magazine. Developing self-driving cars takes a lot of time and resources, but the advantages are promising. For example, automation could markedly reduce road accidents, as according to research in the United States, 94% of accidents are caused by the drivers’ own operational mistakes. Self-driving cars can also help even more, like the people with disabilities. More importantly, they can help reduce energy use and air pollution by less traffic jams and unnecessary operations. Many well-known companies worldwide, such as Baidu and Tesla, have entered the self-driving car industry. According to Wired, autonomous technology could add $ 7 trillion (万亿) (more than 49 trillion yuan) and save hundreds of thousands of lives in the near future. Research from Goldman Sachs, a famous bank, suggests that self-driving cars will make up 10 percent of new vehicle sales by 2030. 1．Why does the writer ask readers to imagine at first? A．To explain how to buy a self-driving car. B．To teach readers to drive self-driving cars. C．To show how useful self-driving cars can be. D．To discuss the disadvantages of self-driving cars. 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Self-driving cars have to sense with human involvement. B．The automation levels of self-driving cars are the same. C．Some self-driving cars can be controlled from the outside. D．An autonomous vehicle is a complicated system with an invention. 3．What are the advantages of self-driving cars according to the text? ①They can cut down on road accidents. ②They can help the disabled people. ③They can reduce energy use and air pollution. ④They can work without following traffic rules. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 4．What do the numbers in the last paragraph tell us? A．Self-driving cars will be more expensive by 2030. B．Self-driving cars have a huge market requirement. C．Self-driving cars can make much money for the owners. D．Self-driving cars are mostly produced by the two companies. 5．What is the writer’s attitude towards self-driving cars? A．Supportive. B．Worried. C．Uncertain. D．Doubtful. 4.（2025·山东济南·一模）Because of busy lifestyles and work stress, more Chinese people are now turning to AI tools like DeepSeek to talk about their problems. They share feelings with the chatbot and receive warm advice. This practice, known as “AI therapy (疗愈),” is becoming popular online. But can robots really replace human therapists? Around the world, 45 percent of people who needed mental health care in 2024 did not get it because it was too expensive or there weren't enough doctors, according to Huntington Psychological Services. Daniel Lowd, an associate professor at the University of Oregon, believes AI could help fill this gap. “If people can find some support and ideas by talking to ChatGPT or chatbot, then I think that's wonderful,” Lowd told Newsweek. Li Yong, a doctor at the Jiangsu Province Hospital, agreed with Lowd, saying that AI meets people’ s basic needs for emotional support to a point. However, AI has its limits (限制). Human therapists understand feelings deeply through face-to-face talks and create suitable treatment plans— something robots can't fully copy. Dr. LiuYang, a Beijing-based psychologist (心理学家), notes “An AI might recognize keywords like ‘divorce’ or ‘layoff’, but it cannot find out small emotional shifts in tone or body language”. This point becomes important when dealing with a series of situations, where misunderstandings could be dangerous. Another problem is safety. AI might act like a therapist without proper training or rules. It cannot match the level of responsibility that human therapists have. Experts believe the key to safe AI therapy is strict government control. For example, Wysa, an AI mental health app, follows strict medical standards in the UK. Data privacy appears as another large concern (担忧). Users usually share personal details on AI platforms, yet few companies clearly state how this information is stored or used. In 2024, a major Chinese mental health app faced criticism when users found their chats were being analyzed for advertising algorithms (算法). As AI becomes part of daily life, finding a balance between its benefits and risks is important. While AI offers quick help, human connection remains irreplaceable for serious emotional needs. 1．What makes people turn to “AI therapy”? A．AI therapy is warmer. B．AI tools are free. C．People feel much pressure. D．DeepSeek is popular. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Mental health care. B．The AI tool. C．The medical standard. D．The government control. 3．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．AI therapy is nicer and cheaper than human therapists. B．AI robots will soon replace human therapists in hospitals. C．AI can perfectly copy human therapists’ skills and methods. D．AI has limits in understanding deep emotions and safety risks. 4．Why does the writer mention the Wysa app? A．To give an example of safe AI under rules. B．To prove robots can deal with emergencies. C．To show AI is cheaper than human doctors. D．To explain why China needs more therapists. 5．What can we infer from the passage? A．AI therapy will completely replace human therapists. B．AI is useful for basic support but not for serious cases. C．AI can create specialized treatment plans for people. D．Government control is really unnecessary for AI apps. 5.（2025·甘肃兰州·一模） Recently, DeepSeek has become very important in the technology world. It has caused a lot of excitement in the AI industry. DeepSeek uses an open-source strategy. This means it doesn’t share all its training data, but it does share important parts like the model structure, parameters, and training methods. This offers a great opportunity for developers, including the young talents from universities such as the University of Hong Kong and Peking University. They can now make use of these resources to explore the limitless possibilities of AI and carry out innovative (创新的) research. What really makes DeepSeek different is its great improvement in adapting (适应) to the domestic situation. Because of the possible technology limits from other countries, especially the strict controls on chip exports by some Western countries. This has influenced companies like Nvidia. For example, DeepSeek has worked with the domestic (国内的) chip maker Hygon. They have successfully made the DeepSeek models match the domestic DCU chips well. This achievement reduces our reliance on foreign chips to a certain degree. It also greatly helps the development of China’s domestic AI and chip industries. It builds the base for a more independent and creative future in the tech field. In short, DeepSeek is playing an important role. It is inspiring a new generation of young people to get involved in and contribute to the exciting world of AI. 1．What strategy has DeepSeek adopted in its AI development? A．Keeping all its technology secret. B．Sharing key technical components openly. C．Selling its models to universities only. D．Ignoring international collaborations. 2．Which universities are mentioned as using DeepSeek’s resources? A．Stanford and MIT. B．Tsinghua and Fudan. C．HKU and Peking University. D．Cambridge and Oxford. 3．Why did DeepSeek cooperate with Hygon? A．To increase foreign chip imports. B．To develop new training data. C．To compete with Nvidia directly. D．To reduce reliance on foreign chips. 4．What is special about DCU chips mentioned in the text? A．They are produced by Western countries. B．They are domestically made in China. C．They are used only in smartphones.     D．They are cheaper than other chips. 5．What can we infer about DeepSeek’s domestic adaptation efforts? A．They have failed due to technical challenges B．They support China’s independent tech development. C．They focus only on AI research, not chips. D．They increased dependence on foreign technology. 6.（2025九年级·北京·专题练习）Self-driving cars do not have people telling them what to do. They move themselves about safely by doing three things right: learning about the environment, deciding what to do next, and taking action. First, the car needs to know what is around it. It uses many different sensors (传感器) to do this. These sensors, such as cameras and radar, are like the car’s “eyes”. They allow the car to “see” things such as people and traffic lights. The sensors also help the car know where and how fast it is going. Besides knowing what is close by, a self-driving car makes plans ahead to avoid traffic accidents. This is where “vehicle to everything” (V2X) comes in. This technology connects a self-driving car with people and things. It also allows the car to go online. All these things help the car “talk” with the outside world and get the latest road information. After receiving the information, the car needs to “read” it and decide what to do. So it combines the information from all sensors, just like putting together the pieces of a puzzle. This process is called multi-sensor fusion (多传感器融合). Machine learning plays an important role here because it helps the car recognize people and objects. Then, the car can decide when to stop, go, or turn. Finally, to carry out decisions, the car uses drive-by-wire technology (线控技术). It allows the car to give “orders” to its wheels, brakes (刹车) and engine in the form of electronic signals (电子信号). This makes different parts of the car respond quickly. The car also uses less oil this way, which is good for the environment. 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Ways to use different sensors in self-driving cars. B．The differences between the “eyes” of cars and humans. C．How self-driving cars learn about their environment. D．When and where self-driving cars work the best. 2．What does V2X technology do? A．It allows the car to see in the dark. B．It allows the car to connect with people and things. C．It allows the car to connect with other cars. D．It allows the car to give “orders” to its wheels. 3．What does multi-sensor fusion mean? A．Getting all road information. B．Using AI technology to finish a puzzle. C．Putting together information from all sensors. D．Connecting self-driving cars with each other on the road. 4．What do we know about drive-by-wire technology? A．It helps self-driving cars drive faster. B．It allows self-driving cars to run without oil. C．It can collect signals from different traffic lights. D．It helps control the movement of self-driving cars. 5．What is the text mainly about? A．How self-driving cars work. B．Why self-driving cars are good. C．The development of self-driving cars. D．The safety issues of self-driving cars. 7.（2025·浙江·一模） For more than a month, the world has been excited about a new AI model, DeepSeek-R1. It was developed by DeepSeek, a Chinese business based in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, The new AI came out on Jan 20. In just one week, it beat OpenAI’s ChatGPT and became the top free application in Apple’s App Store, reported Xínhua. Its developer said that DeepSeek-R1 is as good at difficult tasks as other big models but needs less computing power. It is also the cheapest of its kind and took only about 5.57 million US dollars (40.58 million yuan) to develop. That is the way less than the hundreds of millions or even billions that US businesses have had to spend in building similar AI models. DeepSeek-R1’s success largely came from its special training method. Traditionally, AI is trained in two ways. One is Chain-of-Thought (CoT, 思维链), where AI learns to break problems into smaller, simpler steps. The other is Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT, 监督微调), which works by showing Al lots of practice problems along with the right answers for it to find a pattern. DeepSeek-R1, however, used Reinforcement Learning (RL, 强化学习) as the main method. Xinhua reported. In RL, AI learns by trying different things. It gets rewards for correct actions and gets punished for mistakes. For example, in a game, it gets points for picking up litter and ▲ . Over time, it works out the best solution all by itself. This is how DeepSeek-R1 has grown to be a reasoning model, which is a new type of AI, named Microsoft engineer Vinayak Hegde. Common AI models, like GPT-40, usually just give direct answers. But reasoning models are trained to both think and show the process. 1．What does the underlined word “it” refer to? A．Deepseek-R1. B．UpenA1. C．ChatGPT. D．Chain-of-Thought. 2．What are the reasons for DeepSeek-R1’s success? ①Its low cost.      ②Its big models.        ③Its simple pattern.   ④Its special method. A．①③ B．③④ C．②③ D．①④ 3．Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A．collects much information B．solves the problem itself C．loses ones for breaking a glass D．uses the main method again 4．What’s the best title of the passage? A．How Deepseek-R1 Developed. B．A New AI Model Excited the World. C．The Increasing Technology of China. D．The Popularity of Deepseek-R1. 8.（2025·山东德州·模拟预测） Four years after graduating, Luo Jiajia, 36, answered an inner calling to lead a more meaningful life. She noticed that environmental problems were becoming more serious, but little action was being taken. She decided to do something. Luo works for the China Green Foundation (CGF)—an NGO that promotes reforestation (再造林) and encourages people to take part in environmental protection in China. It’s also active in the international community. Luo’s main work concerns the Million Forest project. Having started 10 years ago, the goal of the project is to plant 1 million trees in the Tengger Desert, China’s fourth-largest desert in Inner Mongolia. Over 100 million trees have been planted. Luo helps support the project by brainstorming different fundraising (筹资) activities and organizing events. The project has brought many benefits to local communities. Without the project, many locals would have been forced to leave their homes as eco-refugees (生态移民). Luo’s project has also helped to provide jobs for locals. They can earn money by selling the fruit that the trees produce. Eco-tourism (生态旅游) has been more popular because these areas have become an oasis (绿洲) in the desert. Although her project helps with reforestation efforts, the team discovered that it was just as important to change people’s attitudes (态度). Million Forest changed its slogan (口号) to, “Plant a tree in your heart.” Commenting (评论) on the change, Luo said, “It’s not possible for you to plant a tree every day, but if you have a tree in your heart then you can take care of the whole environment. If we make the effort to change the inside, we will change the outside world too.” 1．What is Luo’s main work at CGF? A．Attending UN meetings as a CGF representative. B．Selecting volunteers to work for CGF. C．Providing support for the Million Forest project. D．Promoting eco-tourism in the Tengger Desert of Inner Mongolia. 2．What’s the underlined word “benefits” mean in Chinese? A．益处 B．风险 C．保险 D．奖励 3．How has the Million Forest project helped local communities? A．It has provided jobs for eco-refugees. B．It has offered locals a chance to make money. C．It has helped locals sell fruit across the country. D．It has encouraged locals to leave their hometown to work. 4．Why did Million Forest change its slogan according to Luo? A．To celebrate achieving its goals. B．To call on people to plant as many trees as they can. C．To show people the importance of reforestation. D．To remind people to have environmental protection in mind. 5．Where is this passage most probably taken from? A．A history book. B．A space website. C．An environmental magazine. D．A personal letter. 9.（2025·山东泰安·一模） For more than a month, the world has been excited about a new AI model, DeepSeek-R1. It was developed by DeepSeek, a Chinese business based in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province. The new AI was released on Jan 20. In just one week, it beat OpenAI’s ChatGPT and became the top free application (应用) in Apple’s App Store, reported Xinhua. Its developer said that DeepSeek-RI is as good at difficult tasks as other big models but needs less computing power (算力). It is also the cheapest of its kind and took only about 5.57million US dollars (40.58 million yuan) to develop. That is way less than the hundreds of millions or even billions that US businesses have had to spend on building similar AI models,Marc Andreessen, a technology expert in the US,told Xinhua. DeepSeek-R1’s success largely came from its special training method. Traditionally, AI is trained in two ways. One is Chain-of-Thought (CoT, 思维链), where AI learns to break problems into smaller, simpler steps. The other is Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT, 监督微调) , which works by showing Al lots of practice problems along with the right answers for it to find a pattern. DeepSeek-R1, however, used Reinforcement Learning (RL, 强化学习) as the core (核心) method, Xinhua reported. In RL, Al learns by trying different things. It gets rewards (奖励)for correct actions and gets punished for mistakes. For example, in a game, it gets points for picking up trash (垃圾) and loses points for breaking a glass. Over time, it works out the best solution all by itself. This is how DeepSeek-R1 has grown to be a reasoning model, which is a new type of Al, noted Microsoft engineer Vinayak Hegde. Regular (常规的) AI models, like GPT-40, usually just give direct answers. But reasoning models are trained to both think and show the process. 1．What is one of the strong points of DeepSeek-R1compared to other AI models? A．It’s cheaper to develop. B．It’s smarter than others. C．It’s better at difficult activities. D．It’s quicker at solving problems. 2．How does DeepSeek-R1 learn? A．By breaking problems into smaller steps. B．By finding the right patterns in practice problems. C．By finding the right way to do things independently. D．By following all kinds of orders from its creators. 3．How can the reasoning model be described? A．It gives direct answers. B．It provides a lot of reasons. C．It gives the best solution. D．It thinks and then decides. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The application of DeepSeck-RI. B．The challenges faced by DeepSeek-R1. C．The differences between Al models. D．The introduction to DeepSeek-RI. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 阅读理解-主旨大意题&推理判断题+一模试题&热点话题 主旨大意题 主旨大意题需要考生在阅读并理解全文的基础上，对文章内容或段落内容进行归纳概括，强调整体。该题型常见的设问方式和解题方法如下所示： 标题类：The best title/heading for the passage/paragraph is... 中心思想类：What’s the passage mainly about?/What does the passage mainly tell us? 段落概括类：What’s the main idea of the first paragraph? 1.关键词法/主题词法 Do you know that over 1/3 of all food produced in the world goes to waste? According to the United Nations (UN), every year around the world, about one billion (十亿) tons of food is wasted. At the same time, there are nearly one billion people who go hungry. Simply 1/4 of the food wasted is enough to keep them out of hunger. In addition, the wasted food produces over three billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), which speeds up climate (气候) change. What can we do to solve this food waste problem? One effective solution is balancing food production with demand (需求). In hotels and other similar places, special instruments should be used so that cooking specialists just prepare and cook food as it is ordered. Another effective solution is starting programs to reduce (减少) food waste. Stores and buyers can try their best to be creative in food waste reduction. For example, stores can provide customers with instructions telling them how to make full use of food. Buyers can try not fixing their eyes only on food of the best quality (质量). Sometimes, the food of non-top quality is also good enough to eat, or can be bought and then used to make delicious dishes. One of the hardest solutions to achieve is for each and every one to buy and prepare food with a plan of their own so that less food is wasted. Challenging as it is, the use of meal plans in preparing food can play an important role in ending food waste in the family. Food recycling is one of the known solutions. Efforts are now already in progress. Food that is not safe for humans to eat is recycled into other products such as animal feeds and clothing. Yet, there is still a long way to go and much for improvement in this area. In a word, food waste has been one of the biggest problems in the world that have influenced us greatly. Many solutions have been found and many more are yet to be worked out. If each of us can put in more efforts, food waste is sure to be reduced for the good of our future. 问：What is the passage mainly about? A. Benefits of reducing food waste. B. Solutions to the food waste problem. C. The importance of fighting food waste. D. The attitude to the food waste problem. 解题步骤： Step 1 快速阅读全文，画出每段重复出现的关键词/主题词。几乎各段都重复出现的关键词/主题词为food waste和solution。 Step 2 对比选项，找出能包含所有关键词/主题词的选项。B选项包含两个关键词/主题词。 2.关键句法/主题句法 All the results proved our theory（假设） true.But putting it into practice can be difficult. Our fast-paced lifestyles fill the day with goals. We try to get the highest output both at work and in spare time. This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. We should slow down and let life surprise us. 问：What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A. It is easier for results-driven people to achieve success. B. We often turn a blind eye to the present moment. C. A fast-paced lifestyle helps us reach our goals. D. Future life will bring us many more surprises. 解题步骤： Step 1 找到段落关键句/主题句（一般位于段首或段尾）。 转折词but位于首句之后，说明该段主题句在后面。 Step 2 对比选项与主题句，找相同内容或同义转述。 B选项的turn a blind eye to the present moment是对主题句中miss what is happening right now的同义转述。 3.段意组合法/篇章结构法 What does it mean to be green? Green is more than just a color. It also means taking special steps to protect the environment. Buying a green product is a small step everyone can take. Deciding whether a product is green, however, isn’t always easy. We need to consider the whole life cycle of the product even after it’s of no use. Here is what we may keep in mind. The materials of a product are usually our first focus (关注). What is it made of? Are there any harmful chemicals in it? Green products are made of more natural materials which are free from harmful chemicals, so they can be good for our physical health. Packaging is important. How is a product packaged? Is it over packaged? We’d better choose glass, metal and paper packaging, as these can be reused or more easily recycled (回收利用). We can also look for less packaging or even choose unbagged products whenever possible. Location (地点) matters. Where was a product produced? Where are we buying it? Think about how much energy was used to get it to us try to choose local products. When it comes to food, it is a good idea to order directly from local farmer, shop at markets and buy fruits in season. Buying from stores near our houses is also a good choice, because we can go there without driving a car. Look into what the company tells us about their product. It’s easy to say that a product is “green” or “all natural” but the words may be too good to be true. So, much of the information about a product should be taken with a grain of salt. After all, companies try to make us believe that their products are environmentally responsible. The greenest thing is certainly the one we don’t buy. Things like food and clothing are necessary for life. But many others are not. Better than buying is choosing to leave an unnecessary product in the store and doing without. It sends a message to the producer, keeps money in our pockets, reduces (减少) waste and keeps the planet healthy. 问：Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Buying Green B. Recycling Waste C. Keeping Healthy D. Reducing Energy Use 解题步骤： Step 1 根据每段的主题句来总结段意。 Para.1 每个人都可以通过购买绿色产品来保护环境； Para.2 关注产品所用的材料是否环保； Para.3 看产品的包装是否对环境有益； Para.4 看产品产地和购买地的位置； Para.5 产品并不一定如宣传的那样环保； Para.6 最好的环保方式是少买或不买。 Step 2 归纳段落，找出篇章主旨。 本文为总分总结构，第1段引出主题——如何购买绿色产品，第2至5段具体说明做法，第6段总结升华。 Step 3 对比选项，找出与篇章主旨最相近的标题。 根据上述分析，本文讲的是如何绿色购物，A选项符合。 4.标题反推法 There are millions of recipes(菜谱) hidden in the boxes and hearts of grandmother and parents. These family recipes are a special part of our family history. Some of them have been passed down from generation(一代人) to generation. .......... "Those special tastes can immediately unlock a whole flood of emotions, memories and feelings of family, love, and comfort," says she. ....... Actually, there are simple ways to keep family recipes, Scrapbooks（剪贴薄）are easily found in the market. You can even add photos to record every detail of your memories about the recipe. With the help of some popular apps like Story Scans, recording family recipes has never been easier. What is needed is to scan（扫描） the recipes and record the story behind each of them. It can become the most meaningful work you have ever done with and for your family. Keeping family recipes is saving and honoring our tradition so that future generations can continue to make family ties stronger. Every time you remember your loved ones, recreate one of the dishes from your collection and let the memories from the good old days comfort you. So why not gift your kids a family recipe book when they are starting a new life? 问：Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Family Recipes: Secrets of Cooking B. Family Recipes Are at a Crossroads C. Family Recipes: Connections to Interests D. Family Recipes Are More than Just Recipes 解题步骤： Step 1 先看4个选项的标题，推断每个标题下应写的主要内容。 A项强调烹饪，全文应主要写家庭菜谱对烹饪的作用； B项强调家庭菜谱面临的挑战，全文应主要写挑战； C项强调家庭菜谱与兴趣的联系，全文应主要写兴趣； D项强调家庭菜谱的意义已经超出了菜谱本身的意义，全文应主要写菜谱的更多意义。 Step 2 画出全文关键词句或重复出现的同类内容。 Step 3 将这些内容与之前推测的各标题对应的文章主要内容相比对，选出标题。 通过关键句可知本文主要讲的是家庭菜谱对传承家庭传统，增强家庭纽带的意义，超出了菜谱本身教人做饭的最基本的意义，故D选项正确。 推理判断题 推理判断题要求考生对文本内容或作者的情感、态度、目的做出合理的判断和推理，在C篇、D篇考查频率较高。根据其推断的内容，可分为三类，即细节推断类、写作目的推断类、情景推断类。 1.细节推断类 细节推断类多为推断文章细节或作者观点、态度，其常见设问方式如下所示： From this passage, we can infer/know/learn that __________. What can we learn from the passage?/What do you know about...? The writer probably agrees that __________. 细节推断题实际考查的是对文章细节的理解，选项中只有1项与原文表述一致，其他3个选项均为对原文的错误表述。该类型题目可以用判断正误法来解。 Another effective solution is starting programs to reduce（减少）food waste. Stores and buyers can try their best to be creative in food waste reduction.For example, （C选项对应原文） stores can provide customers with instructions telling them how to make full use of food. Buyers can try not fixing their eyes only on food of the best quality（质量）. （B选项对应原文）Sometimes, the food of non-top quality is also good enough to eat, or can be bought and then used to make delicious dishes. （D选项对应原文）One of the hardest solutions to achieve is for each and every one to buy and prepare food with a plan of their own so that less food is wasted. Challenging as it is, the use of meal plans in preparing food can play an important role in ending food waste in the family. （A选项对应原文）Food recycling is one of the known solutions. Efforts are now already in progress. Food that is not safe for humans to eat is recycled into other products such as animal feeds and clothing. Yet, there is still a long way to go and much for improvement in this area. 问：What can we learn from the passage? A. Food recycling has been hugely successful. B. Buyers should give up non-top quality food. C. Stores should train people to make delicious dishes. D. Meal plans in the family are hard to put into practice. 解题步骤： Step 1 画出选项关键词，根据关键词找到ABCD四个选项对应的原文内容。 Step 2 比对选项及其对应的原文内容，判断选项正误。 A选项对应的原文提到“食物回收的相关工作已经在进行中”，并没有说已经取得了巨大成功，故A项错误； B选项对应原文是说“有时非顶级食品也很好吃，也能用来做美食”，而不是说应该放弃，故B项错误； C选项对应原文是说“商店应该为顾客提供指导，告诉人们如何充分利用食物”，而不是“培训人们做美食”，故C项错误； D选项对应原文提到“最难以实现的解决方法之一是按计划购买和准备食物”，与该选项意思相符，故D项正确。 2.写作目的推断类 该类题侧重问作者写某句/某段/整个篇章的目的，常见的设问方式有以下几种： Why does the writer talk about...? The writer mentions...in Paragraph 2 to show that __________. The writer wants/intends to tell us that __________. What’s the main purpose of the passage? 写作目的题的选项一般会有以下动词：introduce（介绍）、suggest（提议）、explain解释）、discuss（讨论）、compare（比较）、question（质疑）、stress 强调）、remind （提醒）、show （展示）等。常用解题方法如下所示： 1. 语境推断法（适用于推断某句/某段的写作目的） Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation（适应）..Consider,for example,hunting(打猎). It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits. At the same time, the development of weapons（武器） is related to that adaptation—from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied. 问：Why does the writer talk about . .hunting in Paragraph 3? A. To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits. B. To stress the importance of tools in humans’ struggle for life. C. To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment. D. To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons. 解题步骤 ： Step 1 画出题干关键词，找到对应原文。 Step 2 深入分析对应原文的语境，通过上下文的逻辑关系来判断写作意图。 文中hunting为举例内容，其目的是证实上文所提到的“文化的形成是生物适应的一部分”这一观点。 Step 3 对比选项，选出与对应原文意思最贴近的选项。 C选项的culture develops和humans adapt to the environment分别是对原文中the formation of culture和biological adaptation的同义转述。A、B、D选项只是对原文部分细节进行复现，并不是该段的写作目的。 2.主旨推断法（适用于推断整篇文章的写作目的） A Pathway（路径） to Meaning in Life When it comes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. A life filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, what makes a meaningful life? Many researchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors (因素): having long-term goals,believing that one’s life matters, and feeling that one’s life fits together and “makes sense”. But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimes life enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating (欣赏) such experiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We call this experiential appreciation (EA). EA is about the person feeling connected to events and being able to appreciate the value within the connection. It shows the discovery of and admiration for life’s beauty. We recently set out to better understand EA in studies. We were interested in whether EA was also tied to general judgment of meaning in life. If so, it could be a factor for meaningfulness. In the first study, we had people rate (评估) their support for different methods of reducing stress. We found that people who managed stress by focusing on their appreciation for life’s beauty also reported experiencing life as highly meaningful. In the next study, we asked people to rate the degree to which they agreed with various statements, such as “I appreciate the beauty of life” and “I appreciate little things in life,” as well as other statements that related to the three factors and a general sense of meaning in life. Our results showed that the more people reported that they were “appreciating life” and its many experiences, the more they felt their life was valuable. In the following studies, we further looked at the connection between EA and meaningfulness. For example, we found that people who were asked to look back on the most meaningful event of the past week generally reported high EA in those moments. All the results proved our theory (假设) true. But putting it into practice can be difficult. Our fast-paced lifestyles fill the day with goals. We try to get the highest output both at work and in spare time. This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. We should slow down and let life surprise us. 问：What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To explain how to discover beauty in life. B. To discuss what the true meaning of life is. C. To introduce a new factor for a meaningful life. D. To compare different factors for meaningfulness. 解题步骤： 要理解作者写一篇文章的目的，首先要弄清这篇文章的主旨大意，因为写作目的是围绕主旨大意的。 Step 1 通过主题句法/篇章结构法来分析篇章主旨大意。 Para. 1引出“什么构成有意义的生活”这一话题； Para. 2许多研究者认为的构成有意义生活的3个因素； Para. 3提出新观点——体验式欣赏（EA）; Para. 4~Para. 7不同研究探索体验式欣赏是不是构成有意义生活的一个因素； Para. 8得出结论并提出如何在实际生活中实践体验式欣赏。 全文主旨大意：体验式欣赏是构成有意义生活的一个新的因素。 Step 2 对比选项，找到涉及文章主旨大意的选项。 由本文主旨大意可知，C项的“介绍有意义的生活的一个新因素”就是本文的写作目的，故C项正确。 3.情景推断类 情景推断题考查对文中重点论述的某个观点/概念/方法的理解，选项一般为不同的生活情景，要求选出符合该观点/概念/方法的情景。常见的设问方式如下所示： You were most probably in...condition when __________. You will most probably experience...when you __________. According to the writer, we can...by __________. 情景推断题考查的是文中重点论述的观点/概念/方法，原文一般会使用概念解释和示例来加以论述，因此可利用原文中的解释和示例来找出选项中与之相符的情景。 Enjoyment is characterized by a sense of curiosity, of achievement. Playing a tennis game that improves one’s ability is enjoyable, as is reading a book that shows things in a new light, as is having a conversation that leads us to express ideas we didn’t know we had. None of these experiences may be especially pleasurable when they are taking place, but when we think back on them afterwards, we would say, “That really was fun” and wish they would happen again. After an enjoyable event we know that we have changed, and grown. 问：You will most probably experience enjoyment when you ______. A. buy expensive shoes B. order a delicious meal C. talk with friends for new ideas D. sit quietly in front of a television 解题步骤： Step 1 画出题干关键词。 Step 2 使用题干关键词到文中定位，画出对该观点/概念/方法的解释和示例。 原文解释了enjoyment的特点，即带有好奇感和成就感，能使人改变和成长；示例包括打网球提升能力、读书开启新视角、交谈中被激发出未曾意识到的想法。 Step 3 比对选项场景和原文中画出的内容，找出正确选项。 C选项与原文中having a conversation...know we had这一示例一致，且符合enjoyment能使人有获得感这一特点。 天津一模 1.（2025·天津南开·一模）First journey around Earth It has been over 500 years since the first journey around the whole planet in 1521. Many people thought it was impossible. It nearly was because trains and planes were not invented back then. The journey was started by a Portuguese sailor, Ferdinand Magellan, but he never saw it finished. Magellan, born in 1480, was following in the footsteps of explorers (探险家) like Christopher Columbus. He’d traveled from Spain to America in 1492 and encouraged others to take to the seas. But Magellan’s journey was even more daring. A journey around the whole world would show completely the still-questioned idea that the world was not flat, but round. In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan set sail from Spain where he got support (支持) from the Spanish King, Charles V. But Spanish sailors didn’t like being led by a Portuguese Man. After fighting storms, losing ships and many of his men turning against him and returning home, Magellan was killed in the Philippines by local people in 1521. After Magellan’s death, his group continued in the only ship that was left. Along the way, they traveled across a new ocean and mapped new paths for European trade. For better or worse, they had made the way for modem world trade. Sixty thousand miles later, and after the death of 80% of those who took part, the journey had shown that the world could be circled around. The passage Magellan’s team went through, between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, was named after him: the Strait of Magellan. It is 570 kilometers long. His influence on the world did not end there. In 1989, NASA named a spacecraft after the explorer and sent it to Venus (金星). 1．Who was Ferdinand Magellan? A．A Portuguese sailor. B．A Spanish sailor. C．The Spanish King. D．A soldier in Philippines 2．What is “the still-questioned idea” according to the story? A．The dream of finding new, flat lands. B．The opinion that Earth was round. C．The idea of traveling on the sea for years. D．The importance of exploration in the 16th century. 3．How old was Ferdinand Magellan when he set sail from Spain? A．12. B．21. C．39. D．41. 4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．A spacecraft was named after Magellan by NASA． B．Ferdinand Magellan finished the long journey with his group. C．Ferdinand Magellan’s group created new paths for world trade. D．The Strait of Magellan is between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. 5．What does the story talk about? A．The history of ocean exploration by Europeans. B．The importance of mapping new paths for trade. C．The challenges during Magellan’s journey to South Asia. D．Magellan’s historic journey around the world and its influence. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了Ferdinand Magellan的历史性环球航行及其影响。 1．细节理解题。根据“The journey was started by a Portuguese sailor, Ferdinand Magellan,”可知，Ferdinand Magellan是一位葡萄牙航海家。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“A journey around the whole world would show completely the still-questioned idea that the world was not flat, but round.”可知，一个仍然受到质疑的观点是地球不是平的而是圆的。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“Magellan, born in 1480,”及“In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan set sail from Spain”可知，Ferdinand Magellan是在他39岁的时候从西班牙启航。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“The journey was started by a Portuguese sailor, Ferdinand Magellan, but he never saw it finished.”可知，Ferdinand Magellan没有完成旅行。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据“Magellan, born in 1480, was following in the footsteps of explorers (探险家) like Christopher Columbus. He’d traveled from Spain to America in 1492 and encouraged others to take to the seas.”及通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Ferdinand Magellan的历史性环球航行及其影响。故选D。 2.。（2025·天津河北·模拟预测）Recently, someone in Xingfu, a village in Zhejiang, found an endangered (濒危) creature (生物) in the water. It is called the peach blossom jellyfish (桃花水母). This creature is in danger of disappearing forever and is under government protection. People also call it the “panda in the water” because there aren’t many of them in the world. According to scientists, the peach blossom jellyfish looks very small, about the size of a coin, and it needs to live in good and clean water. The discovery of the peach blossom jellyfish in Xingfu is a big deal because it means that the water there is clean and healthy. However, there was a factory in the village, which caused a mess in its environment. Luckily, the villagers have worked hard to improve their water and land in the past few years. Now, the water in the village is getting cleaner and healthier. And the people in Xingfu are happy to see their hard work is finally paying off. Gao Yueye, the man who discovered the peach blossom jellyfish, is proud of the achievements of his people. “I was just walking near a park when I saw something swimming in the river,” said Gao. “It was a clear creature with a shape like an umbrella.” He couldn’t believe his eyes when he saw the creature and quickly recorded a video. It’s important to treasure and protect creatures like the peach blossom jellyfish. They warn us about the beauty of nature and how we should take care of our environment. Everyone, young or old, can help make a difference by keeping our water clean and protecting animals. We all play an important role in keeping our planet healthy! 1．Why is the peach blossom jellyfish called the “panda in the water”? A．Because it is lovely. B．Because it is famous. C．Because it is strange. D．Because it is endangered. 2．What do we know about the peach blossom jellyfish from Paragraph 2? A．It looks like a gold coin. B．It usually lives on the beach. C．It has never appeared in Zhejiang. D．It can’t live without clean and healthy water. 3．What has improved the environment in Xingfu? A．The villagers’ farm tools. B．The report of the village. C．The villagers’ hard work. D．The factory in the village. 4．How might Gao feel when he recorded the video? A．Excited. B．Tired. C．Worried. D．Confident. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．A modern village B．An amazing discovery C．A healthy planet D．A warm-hearted man 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了浙江幸福村发现濒危生物桃花水母的故事，并强调了保护环境和珍稀生物的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“People also call it the ‘panda in the water’ because there aren’t many of them in the world.”可知，桃花水母被称为“水中大熊猫”是因为它们在世界上数量稀少，属于濒危物种。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“the peach blossom jellyfish looks very small, about the size of a coin, and it needs to live in good and clean water.”可知，桃花水母的生存依赖于干净健康的水环境。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Luckily, the villagers have worked hard to improve their water and land in the past few years.”可知，幸福村环境的改善得益于村民们的辛勤努力。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“He couldn’t believe his eyes when he saw the creature and quickly recorded a video.”可推断，高月夜发现桃花水母时非常激动，因此迅速录下视频。故选A。 5．最佳标题题。全文围绕幸福村发现濒危物种桃花水母展开，强调这一发现的意义及环境保护的重要性。“An amazing discovery”最能概括文章主旨。故选B。 3.（2025·天津东丽·模拟预测）Green is an important color in nature. It is the color of grass and the leaves on trees. It is the color of most growing plants, too. Sometimes, the word green means young, fresh and growing. Sometimes, it describes something that is not yet finished or plants that are not ripe. For example, a greenhorn is someone who has no experience, who is new to a situation. In the fifteenth century, a greenhorn was a young cow or ox whose horns had not yet developed. A century or so later, a greenhorn was a soldier who had not yet had any experience in war (战争). By the eighteenth century, a greenhorn had the meaning it has today—a person who is new in a job. About one hundred years ago, greenhorn was a popular expression in the American west. Old-timers used it to describe a man who had just arrived from one of the big cities in the east. The greenhorn didn’t have the skills that he would need to live in the hard, rough country. Someone who has the ability to grow plants well is said to have a green thumb. The expression comes from the early nineteen hundred. A person with a green thumb seems to have a magic touch that makes plants grow quickly and well. You might say that the woman next door has a green thumb if her garden continues to grow long after your plants have died. The Green Revolution (革命) is the name which was given some years ago to the development of new kinds of rice and other grains. The new plants produced much larger crops. The Green Revolution was the result of hard work by agricultural (农业的) scientists who had green thumbs. 1．According to the passage, a greenhorn means ________ now. A．a person who is new in a job B．a soldier who has not had any experience in war C．a young cow or ox whose horns have not yet developed D．a man who doesn’t have the skills to live in the country 2．The meaning of the underlined word “ripe” is ________. A．未完成的 B．青涩的 C．成熟的 D．老练的 3．Which of the following is NOT right? A．The expression “the Green Revolution” appeared several years ago. B．If there weren’t the Green Revolution, we would have no rice to eat. C．Agricultural scientists with green thumbs started the Green Revolution. D．Because of the Green Revolution, we have more kinds of rice and other grains. 4．We can know from the passage that ________. A．all growing plants is green B．green is the most important color in nature C．a person with a green thumb can make plants grow well D．the expression “a green thumb” has a history of two hundred years 5．The main idea of the passage is ________. A．a greenhorn B．a green thumb C．the Green Revolution D．the word “green” and its story 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“绿色”一词的多重含义及其相关表达和文化背景，并提及了“绿色革命”的概念。 1．细节理解题。根据“By the eighteenth century, a greenhorn had the meaning it has today—a person who is new in a job.”可知，“greenhorn”有了今天的含义——指刚从事某份工作的人。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Sometimes, it describes something that is not yet finished or plants that are not ripe.”的语境可知，此处指未成熟的植物，所以划线部分的含义是“成熟的”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“The Green Revolution (革命) is the name which was given some years ago to the development of new kinds of rice and other grains. The new plants produced much larger crops.”可知，绿色革命提高了作物产量，并没有说明此前无米可吃。故选B。 4．细节理解他。根据“A person with a green thumb seems to have a magic touch that makes plants grow quickly and well.”可知，园艺高手擅长种植。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了“绿色”一词的多重含义及其相关表达和文化背景，并提及了“绿色革命”的概念，D项符合。故选D。 4.（2025·天津滨海新·一模）Let’s suppose it is a common day of 2060. Of course, things have changed and life is very different. Trips to the moon are being made every day. Taking a holiday on the moon today is as easy as taking a holiday in Europe in the 2010s. At a number of scenic spots (风景胜地) on the moon, many hotels have been built. In order that everyone can enjoy the beautiful scenery on the moon, every room has at least one picture window. Everything imaginable is provided for entertainment of the young and old. What are people eating now? People are still eating food. But a lot of food now comes in pill (药片) form, and the food that goes into the pill comes mainly from green plants. Because people in the world today are much more than those about fifty years ago, most of the earth’s surface has to be filled. The deserts are irrigated with water and crops are no longer eaten by pests (害虫). The harvest is always good. Farming, of course, is very highly developed. Very few people have to work on the farms. It is possible to run the farms by just using a few computers. People are now largely vegetarians (素食者) and they eat only bread, vegetables, fruit and so on and they don’t eat meat or fish. You see, as the number of people increases, the number of animals decreases. So people have to be vegetarians. We are healthier both in our bodies and in our minds, and we know how to deal with all kinds of illnesses. No one has to be ill any more. 1．What will be on the moon in 2060 according to the passage? A．Many green plants. B．Many wild animals. C．Many interesting places. D．Many children and students. 2．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “irrigated”? A．冲刷 B．灌溉 C．淹没 D．排泄 3．Which of the following is TRUE? A．People only eat food in pill form. B．People don’t have any crops. C．People run the farms by using high technology. D．The harvest is sometimes good. 4．Why do people have to be vegetarians in 2060? A．Because they want to be healthier. B．Because vegetables can make the patients well. C．Because there will be more people and fewer animals. D．Because eating vegetables is good for our minds. 5．What attitude does the writer have towards the future life? A．He feels pretty hopeful about the future. B．He is not very satisfied with some things of the future. C．He seems really sad about what will happen in the future. D．He is afraid of the future life. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文主要描述了人类在2060年的生活。 1．细节理解题。根据“At a number of scenic spots (风景胜地) on the moon, many hotels have been built.”可知，月球上会有许多有趣的地方。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“The deserts are irrigated with water and crops are no longer eaten by pests (害虫). The harvest is always good.”可知，沙漠得到灌溉，作物才能生长，才会有好收成，所以划线部分的含义是“灌溉”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Very few people have to work on the farms. It is possible to run the farms by just using a few computers.”可知，人们通过高科技管理农场。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“You see, as the number of people increases, the number of animals decreases. So people have to be vegetarians.”可知，人们成为素食者的原因是人口增加，动物数量减少。故选C。 5．观点态度题。根据“Everything imaginable is provided for entertainment of the young and old.”、“The harvest is always good.”以及“Everything imaginable is provided for entertainment of the young and old.”并通读全文可知，作者描述了2060年生活的积极变化，如月球旅行、高科技农业、健康饮食等，表明作者对未来生活持乐观态度。故选A。 5.（2025·天津西青·一模） Walking If you want to get healthy or stay healthy, there is one easy activity for you-walking. You may think that simply taking a walk is not enough to make a big difference. You may think that you need to do something like running to stay healthy. Well, a new study says that is not true. It finds out that walking may be as good for us as running. Running is a high-impact（高强度的）activity and can be hard on the body. So, many people cannot run. Walking seems to have all of the advantages and none of the disadvantages of running. Dr Russell Pate is a professor of exercise science at the Arnold School of Public Health at the University of South Carolina. He says, “Walking is one of the easiest and safest exercises a person can do. You do not need to learn a lot to get results.” Walking needs no special skills or equipment. You can do it anywhere. It fits easily into your daily schedule (日程表). You can walk at work. You can walk if you want to go shopping. You can take the stairs instead of the lift. Walking is a great exercise for beginners. If you are out of shape or getting back into shape after an illness or accident, walking is perfect. You can do a little at a time, or as we like to say, take baby steps. 1．If you want to get healthy or stay healthy, one easy activity for you is _________. A．swimming B．walking C．skating D．shopping 2．A new study shows __________. A．running is better than walking B．walking is the best way of exercising C．walking is as good as running D．walking and running are not good enough 3．Why does Dr Russell Pate say walking is one of the easiest and safest exercises person can do? A．Because walking is a high-impact activity and can be easy on the body. B．Because walking needs skills. C．Because running has more advantages than walking. D．Because walking needs no special skills or equipment, and we can do it anywhere. 4．What is the sixth paragraph talking about? A．The advantages of walking B．The results of walking C．The impact of walking D．The disadvantages of walking 5．What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To tell people that walking is a waste of time B．To tell people that they don’t need to run any more. C．To tell people that they should walk more. D．To tell people that they shouldn’t walk more. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 【分析】本文介绍了散步的好处。散步能让人变得健康或保持健康，而且很健康，不需要特殊技能或设备，可以在任何地方进行。 1．细节理解题。根据“If you want to get healthy or stay healthy, there is one easy activity for you-walking.”可知，如果你想变得健康或保持健康，你可以做的一个简单的活动是散步，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“a new study says that is not true. It finds out that walking may be as good for us as running.”可知，一项新的研究表明散步和跑步一样好，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Walking needs no special skills or equipment. You can do it anywhere. It fits easily into your daily schedule (日程表).”可知， Russell Pate博士说散步是人们所能做的最简单、最安全的运动之一，这是因为散步不需要特殊技能或设备，我们可以在任何地方进行。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Walking needs no special skills or equipment. You can do it anywhere.”可知，第六段主要介绍了散步的优点，故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据“If you want to get healthy or stay healthy, there is one easy activity for you-walking.”可知，散步可以让人变得健康，能让人保持健康，因此本文建议人们应该多散步，故选C。 6.（2025·天津和平·一模）“Atishoo!” Jack sneezes (打喷啶). “I hope you haven’t got a cold, ” Mom feels Jack’s head. “Warm, but not a fever. ”Mom gives Jack a tissue (纸巾). “Sneeze into this if you have to. We don’t want you to spread germs.” “Germs? ”Jack shakes his head. “It’s only a sneeze!” “Yes, but if you have a cold, you can spread a lot of cold germs with a sneeze. ” “But I don’t see germs anywhere around me!” “You can’t see them with your eyes because they are too small. But you can spread them easily with sneezes. Now come with me. ” Mom takes Jack to the kitchen. She takes out a bag of flour (面粉) and puts some onto her hand. Then she holds it close to her face and sneezes—that little bit of flour is all over the kitchen. “So now you know why I gave you the tissue? ” asks Mom. “I know what you mean. But is this the only way for me to keep away from germs? ” says Jack. “Of course not. There are other ways too. ” says Mom. “For example, always wash your hands with running water after you use the bathroom or play with animals. Put soap all over your hands—fronts, backs, and between the fingers. It’s the best to wash your hands for at least 20 seconds. That’s how long it takes to sing Happy Birthday song twice. Then wash all of the soap off your hands with clean water. Last, remember to dry your hands because wet hands can still spread germs. ” Jack does as Mom says. He doesn’t have a cold and doesn’t even sneeze again. Now he is just fine! 1．What does the underlined word “germ” mean? A．细菌 B．灰尘 C．唾液 D．鼻涕 2．What do we know about Jack that day? A．He has a fever. B．He eats some flour. C．He washes hands 20 times. D．He knows how germs spread. 3．Why can’t Jack see germs with his eyes? A．Because he needs glasses. B．Because germs are small. C．Because he has poor eyesight. D．Because germs disappear quickly. 4．Why does Jack’s mom sneeze in front of the flour? A．To play a game with Jack. B．To tell Jack how germs spread. C．To teach him to cook with flour. D．To show him how to clean the kitchen. 5．Which of the following is NOT TRUE about washing hands? A．We need to wash the backs of our hands. B．We should dry our hands after washing them. C．We must sing a song while washing our hands. D．We should wash our hands with running water. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了妈妈告诉杰克打喷嚏会传播病毒，也告诉了他一些远离病毒的方法。 1．词句猜测题。根据文中“Sneeze into this if you have to. We don’t want you to spread germs”以及常识可知打喷嚏可能会传播细菌，故此处划线部分意为“细菌”。故选A。 2． 推理判断题。通读全文可知，他妈妈告诉了他打喷嚏会传播细菌，所以那天杰克可能学到细菌是如何传播的。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文中“You can’t see them with your eyes because they are too small”可知，因为细菌太小了，所以看不见。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文中“But you can spread them easily with sneezes”以及“She takes out a bag of flour and puts some onto her hand. Then she holds it close to her face and sneezes — that little bit of flour is all over the kitchen”可知她是为了向杰克展示细菌是如何传播的。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据文中“For example, always wash your hands with running water after you use the bathroom or play with animals. Put soap all over your hands—fronts, backs, and between the fingers. It’s the best to wash your hands for at least 20 seconds. That’s how long it takes to sing Happy Birthday song twice. Then wash all of the soap off your hands with clean water. Last, remember to dry your hands because wet hands can still spread germs.”可知，文中并没有提到在洗手时必须要唱歌，故选C。 7.（2025·天津滨海新·一模）Safety problems greatly affect many parts of the world. In China, safety education is becoming more and more important now. The day of safety education for primary and middle school students falls on Monday in the last week of March each year. It helps students learn more about what they should do to keep themselves safe. What are the accidents at school? Let’s take a look. A stampede always happens in crowded places. When students around you begin to push, just stand there and try to hold onto something. If you fall down in the crowd, move to one side and protect your head with your hands around. When earthquakes happen, you can get under a desk quickly and hold on. It’ll protect you from falling things. If you are outdoors, find a place away from buildings, trees, and power lines. When there’s a fire, leave the classroom quickly. It’s better to put something wet over your mouth and nose. In this way, you won’t breathe in smoke. Many people die in a fire, not because of the fire but smoke. It makes them cough and they can’t breathe. That’s very dangerous! So when you want to get out, you should make yourself close to the floor. Then you can breathe some fresh air. Remember, the most important thing is to stay calm in a fire. Stampedes, earthquakes and fires are the main accidents at school. If you can remember safety knowledge and survival (生存) skills, you will live a safe and happy life. 1．When is the safety education day for students in 2024? A．On Monday, March 4th. B．On Monday, March 11th. C．On Monday, March 18th. D．On Monday, March 25th 2．What is the meaning of the underlined word “stampede” in Paragraph 2? A．欺凌 B．窒息 C．踩踏 D．溺水 3．What should you do when earthquakes happen? A．Try to help others run away. B．Get under a desk quickly and hold on. C．Protect your stomach with your hands. D．Stand and try to hold onto something. 4．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Many people die because of the smoke in a fire. B．Safety education helps students learn how to keep healthy. C．When you want to get out of a fire, you can’t make yourself close to the floor. D．Find a place away from buildings if you are in the classroom when earthquakes happen. 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Health care. B．Cooking courses. C．English learning. D．Safety education. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了学校安全教育的重要性以及在学校发生事故时应该怎么做。 1．推理判断题。根据“The day of safety education for primary and middle school students falls on Monday in the last week of March each year. ”可知中小学生安全教育日定在每年3月最后一周的星期一，所以2024年的安全教育日是在3月25号，星期一。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据“A stampede always happens in crowded places. When students around you begin to push, just stand there and try to hold onto something”可知发生在拥挤的地方是踩踏事件。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“When earthquakes happen, you can get under a desk quickly and hold on.”可知当地震发生时，你可以迅速钻到桌子下面并抓住。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Many people die in a fire, not because of the fire but smoke.”可知许多人死于火灾，不是因为火灾而是因为烟雾。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了学校安全教育的重要性以及在学校发生事故时应该怎么做。故选D。 8.（2025·天津西青·一模）Some wonderfully creative uses of X-ray s have been in the world of art. But the most impressive one is to uncover what has been covered up. Details unfolded by an X-ray of a painting can’t be seen any other way. For example, in the past, paintings were often repaired if small pieces of paint fell off the canvas (帆布). These repairs cannot be seen just by looking at the painting. It takes an X-ray to discover where the repairs have been made. An X-ray of a painting is one of the best ways to tell if it was created by a famous painter or if it is a forgery (赝品). If there is a question as to whether an old master has painted a certain painting or not, X-rays are made and compared to those of paintings that are known to be original. If the brushstrokes (笔迹), for example, are shown to be totally different than in other work done by a certain artist, then the painting is proved to be a fake copy. Since modern paints are usually made from different materials than paints of hundreds of years ago, the image they leave on an X-ray film looks different. This is another way X-rays can be used to spot a forgery. A modern artist will try to make a forgery look hundreds of years old by painting dirty varnish on it or by using artificial means to get the varnish to look cracked. To the naked eye the forgery may look old, but when a careful study of the X-ray image is made, the deceptions obvious. It was common many years ago for an artist to finish a painting, decide it wasn’t any good, and paint a completely different picture on top of it. Or artists would paint over others’ work — it was their version of recycling. Taking an X-ray is the only way to find out if there is a picture underneath the picture you see with your eyes. Sometimes museums will be more interested in the painting beneath than the one on top, and will restore the older one by having the top layer painstakingly removed. 1．Why do people need X-ray to discover repairs on a painting? A．Because the technology of X-ray is more accurate. B．Because X-ray is much cheaper. C．Because the law requires the painting to be tasted by X-ray. D．Because it is cheap. 2．How to tell the real masterpiece apart from the forgery? A．By comparing the painting with the original paintings drew by certain artist under an X-ray. B．By removing the top layer of the painting. C．By using some different materials to have a test. D．By betting the vanish to look cracked 3．What is the main purpose of the article? A．To provide information to the police who are looking for stolen art. B．To persuade art dealers to check for fake copies before selling art. C．To explain how modern technology can be applied in unique ways. D．To help artists restore damaged artwork to its original appearance. 4．In Paragraph 3, the word “deception” probably means ________. A．comparison B．drawback C．trickery D．judgment 5．Which is the best title for the passage? A．X-ray Detectives B．Creative Uses of Technology C．Forgery Studies D．X-ray Painting Technique 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了X射线技术在艺术领域的创造性应用，特别是在揭示画作隐藏细节、辨别真伪以及修复古老画作方面的独特作用。 1．细节理解题。根据“These repairs cannot be seen just by looking at the painting. It takes an X-ray to discover where the repairs have been made.”可知，X射线可以发现肉眼无法看到的修复痕迹，因为X射线技术更加准确。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“If there is a question as to whether an old master has painted a certain painting or not, X-rays are made and compared to those of paintings that are known to be original.”可知，通过将画作与某位艺术家的原作在X射线下进行比较，可以辨别真伪。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了X射线技术在艺术领域的独特应用，包括发现修复痕迹、辨别赝品以及揭示画作下的隐藏图像。因此，文章的目的是解释现代技术如何以独特的方式应用于艺术领域。故选C。 4．词义猜测题。根据上下文“A modern artist will try to make a forgery look hundreds of years old by painting dirty varnish on it or by using artificial means to get the varnish to look cracked. To the naked eye the forgery may look old, but when a careful study of the X-ray image is made, the deceptions obvious.”可知，现代艺术家通过一些手段使赝品看起来像古画，但在X射线下这些欺骗手段会显露出来。因此，“deception”意为“欺骗”或“诡计”。故选C。 5．标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了X射线技术在艺术领域的应用，包括发现修复痕迹、辨别赝品以及揭示隐藏图像。因此，最合适的标题是“X-ray Detectives”（X射线侦探）。故选A。 社会热点 1.（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）Dear classmates, Welcome to our class report. China is developing at a very fast speed and its technological (科技的) progress has encouraged young people to make efforts to contribute (贡献) to our country. Now, get ready for today’s story time! I’ll share two special examples of such young pioneers—whose names you’ll learn later! Liang Wenfeng is a well-known person in the technology world. Born in Zhanjiang, Guangdong in 1985, he was really good at math from childhood. In primary school, he solved hard math problems that even middle school students might find hard. By middle school, he studied harder math by himself. At 17 in 2002, he entered Zhejiang University with top grades. In 2023, he set up DeepSeek focusing on AI. Their AI products, like DeepSeek-V3, surprised the world because they work really well and don’t cost much. Liang Wenfeng’s story tells us to keep running after our dreams and try our best to make them come true. Wang Xingxi ng was born in Zhejiang in 1990. Since he was a child, he has been good at math and loved making things. In middle school, though he was not good at English, his love for robots never died. He graduated from Shanghai University, where his robot-making ability shone. In 2015, he designed (设计) “XDog” robot and won an international prize. In 2016, he started his own company (公司), Hangzhou Unitree Robots Co., Ltd. Under his direction, the company created popular four-legged robots seen on big shows. Wang dreams of bringing robots into daily life, and his efforts are making it happen. 根据语言材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Where is it most possible for students to read the article or hear the speech? A．In a science magazine. B．At an English class meeting. C．On a technology website. 2．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph (段)? A．To introduce two famous scientists directly. B．To explain the importance of technology. C．To prepare for sharing the encouraging stories. 3．What did Liang Wenfeng do in 2023? A．He set up DeepSeek focusing on AI. B．He designed a popular robot. C．He entered Zhejiang University. 4．What can we learn from Wang Xingxing’s story? A．English is not important for robot-making. B．Loving what you do and keeping trying can lead to success. C．You must graduate from a top university to start a company. 5．How are Liang Wenfeng and Wang Xingxing similar? A．They both had a strong interest in math from an early age. B．They both graduated from Zhejiang University. C．They both started companies in 2016. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文以班级报告的形式，介绍了梁文峰和王兴兴两位年轻先锋在科技领域的成就，展现他们凭借自身才能和努力为国家科技发展做贡献的故事，激励年轻人追求梦想。 1．推理判断题。根据文章开头“Dear classmates”以及“Welcome to our class report”可知，表明是在班级里的报告内容，最可能出现在英语班会课上。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。通读第一段内容可知，第一段先提及中国发展迅速，科技进步激励年轻人做贡献，然后引出要分享两个年轻先锋的故事，是为分享这些鼓舞人心的故事做铺垫。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文中“In 2023, he set up DeepSeek focusing on AI.”可知，2023年梁文峰成立了专注于人工智能的 DeepSeek。故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读王兴兴的故事可知，王兴兴从小喜欢机器人，尽管英语不好但热爱未减，最终取得成就，由此推测出热爱并不断尝试能走向成功。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据“Liang Wenfeng is a well-known person in the technology world. Born in Zhanjiang, Guangdong in 1985, he was really good at math from childhood”和“Wang Xingxi ng was born in Zhejiang in 1990. Since he was a child, he has been good at math”，说明他们从小都对数学有浓厚兴趣。故选A。 2.（2025·山东济南·一模）The 2025 Spring Festival Gala, also known as the CCTV New Year’s Gala, was a wonderful event that showed the newest developments in technology and entertainment. One of the most talked-about highlights of the gala was the appearance of YangBOT. Directed by famous film maker Zhang Yimou, the show mixed traditional Chinese yangge dance with modern robot technology, which amazed audiences at home and abroad. In the performance, human-like robots dressed in colorful costumes danced yangge, a joyful traditional folk dance from northern China often seen during Spring festivals. They spun handkerchiefs instantly and formed creative patterns alongside a group of professional dancers. The robot’s movements were smooth and precise, showing the incredible progress Chinese people have made in the field of robotics and AI. What’s more, YangBOT played a significant role in the gala, not only as a performer but also as an interactive host. The robots have state-of-the-art (最先进的) artificial intelligence (AI). They can interact with the audience in real-time, answering questions, telling jokes and even take part in daily activities. Its ability to understand and response to human emotions made it a hit among viewers of all ages, and that has become a symbol of China’s technological innovation. Thanks to the innovations, the robots won the heart of millions. On social media, topics like “Robot Yangge” trended quickly. Young viewers call it “cool”, while older audiences loved its humor and festival spirit. The YangBOT performance is a perfect mixture of China’s tech progress and cultural pride. As one fan said, “It’s like watching the future and past dance together!” The appearance of YangBOT in the 2025 Spring Festival Gala was a symbol of China’s commitment (投入) to innovation and its vision for the future. The robot’s presence not only entertained millions of viewers but also inspired a new generation of tech enthusiasts. As technology continues to develop, it is clear that robots like YangBOT will play an increasingly important role in our lives, bridging the gap between humans and machines. 1．What specific action did YangBOT perform? A．Spinning handkerchiefs instantly. B．Changing costumes rapidly. C．Singing traditional festival songs. D．Controlling stage lighting effects. 2．Which feature of YangBOT impressed (给……印象深刻) the audience most? A．Its ability to spin handkerchiefs quickly. B．Its understanding of human emotions. C．Its colorful costumes. D．Its collaboration with professional dancers. 3．What can we infer about the audience’s reaction to YangBOT? A．Some young viewers found it interesting. B．Older audiences disliked its modern technology. C．People of different ages enjoyed it for various reasons. D．It caused disagreements on social media. 4．What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 5 refer to? A．Traditional yangge dance. B．The progress in robotics and AI. C．The Spring Festival Gala. D．The YangBOT performance. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The challenges of combining technology with traditional culture. B．The importance of the Spring Festival Gala in Chinese culture. C．Zhang Yimou’s contribution to modern robot performances. D．YangBOT’s success in mixing technology progress with cultural pride. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了2025年央视春晚中YangBOT的表演，展示了中国在机器人技术和人工智能领域的进步，以及传统文化与现代科技的完美融合。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“They spun handkerchiefs instantly...”可知，YangBOT表演了快速转手绢的动作。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Its ability to understand and response to human emotions made it a hit among viewers of all ages, and that has become a symbol of China’s technological innovation.”可知，YangBOT对人类情感的理解能力给观众留下了深刻印象。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Young viewers call it ‘cool’, while older audiences loved its humor and festival spirit.”可知，年轻观众称它“酷”，而年长的观众喜欢它的幽默和节日精神，不同年龄段的观众因不同原因喜欢YangBOT的表演。故选C。 4．词句猜测题。根据第五段“The YangBOT performance is a perfect mixture...”可知，划线词“it”指代的是YangBOT的表演。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。全文围绕YangBOT在春晚中的表现，展现了中国科技与文化的融合，因此最佳标题为D项。故选D。 3.（2025·福建泉州·一模）Imagine this: You jump into a car on a weekend morning, and it takes you wherever you want to go—no directions needed. When it drops you off, it heads home on its own, so you don’t need to worry about parking. That’s what self-driving cars can do. A self-driving car is also called a driver-less car. It senses its environment and operates without human involvement (参与). Depending on the level of driving automation (自动化), these cars require different degrees of human involvement. At higher levels, a human passenger may not need to take control or even be in the vehicle at all. However, at lower levels, human involvement might still be necessary. An autonomous vehicle isn’t some simple small tool. “It’s a system, a collection of inventions applied (应用) in a novel way,” reported Wired magazine. Developing self-driving cars takes a lot of time and resources, but the advantages are promising. For example, automation could markedly reduce road accidents, as according to research in the United States, 94% of accidents are caused by the drivers’ own operational mistakes. Self-driving cars can also help even more, like the people with disabilities. More importantly, they can help reduce energy use and air pollution by less traffic jams and unnecessary operations. Many well-known companies worldwide, such as Baidu and Tesla, have entered the self-driving car industry. According to Wired, autonomous technology could add $ 7 trillion (万亿) (more than 49 trillion yuan) and save hundreds of thousands of lives in the near future. Research from Goldman Sachs, a famous bank, suggests that self-driving cars will make up 10 percent of new vehicle sales by 2030. 1．Why does the writer ask readers to imagine at first? A．To explain how to buy a self-driving car. B．To teach readers to drive self-driving cars. C．To show how useful self-driving cars can be. D．To discuss the disadvantages of self-driving cars. 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Self-driving cars have to sense with human involvement. B．The automation levels of self-driving cars are the same. C．Some self-driving cars can be controlled from the outside. D．An autonomous vehicle is a complicated system with an invention. 3．What are the advantages of self-driving cars according to the text? ①They can cut down on road accidents. ②They can help the disabled people. ③They can reduce energy use and air pollution. ④They can work without following traffic rules. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 4．What do the numbers in the last paragraph tell us? A．Self-driving cars will be more expensive by 2030. B．Self-driving cars have a huge market requirement. C．Self-driving cars can make much money for the owners. D．Self-driving cars are mostly produced by the two companies. 5．What is the writer’s attitude towards self-driving cars? A．Supportive. B．Worried. C．Uncertain. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过客观描述、数据引用和举例说明，介绍了自动驾驶汽车的功能、优势、发展现状及未来前景。 1．推理判断题。文章开头让读者想象这样一个场景，周末早上跳进一辆车，它无需你指示就能带你去任何想去的地方，送你到目的地后还能自己回家，不用担心停车问题。通过这个想象的场景，是为了向读者展示自动驾驶汽车的便捷和有用，说明自动驾驶汽车能给人们带来很多便利，凸显其优势。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“At higher levels, a human passenger may not need to take control or even be in the vehicle at all.”可知，高级别自动驾驶可以完全不需要人在车内；据此可以推断，车辆可以从外部 (远程) 控制或自主运行。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“automation could markedly reduce road accidents”、第四段“Self-driving cars can also help even more, like the people with disabilities. More importantly, they can help reduce energy use and air pollution by less traffic jams and unnecessary operations.”可知，自动驾驶汽车的优势包括减少道路事故、帮助残疾人以及减少能源使用和空气污染，①②③正确，文中未提及自动驾驶汽车可以不遵守交通规则。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“According to Wired, autonomous technology could add $7 trillion (more than 49 trillion yuan) and save hundreds of thousands of lives in the near future. Research from Goldman Sachs, a famous bank, suggests that self - driving cars will make up 10 percent of new vehicle sales by 2030.”可知，这些数字表明自动驾驶技术在未来能带来巨大的经济增长，到2030 年自动驾驶汽车在新车销售中占比将达10%；据此可以推断，自动驾驶汽车有巨大的市场需求。故选B。 5．观点态度题。综合全文可知，本文主要介绍了自动驾驶汽车的诸多优点，如减少事故、帮助残疾人、减少能源使用和空气污染，以及其广阔的发展前景等，没有提及对自动驾驶汽车的担忧或怀疑等负面态度，所以作者的态度是支持的。故选A。 4.（2025·山东济南·一模）Because of busy lifestyles and work stress, more Chinese people are now turning to AI tools like DeepSeek to talk about their problems. They share feelings with the chatbot and receive warm advice. This practice, known as “AI therapy (疗愈),” is becoming popular online. But can robots really replace human therapists? Around the world, 45 percent of people who needed mental health care in 2024 did not get it because it was too expensive or there weren't enough doctors, according to Huntington Psychological Services. Daniel Lowd, an associate professor at the University of Oregon, believes AI could help fill this gap. “If people can find some support and ideas by talking to ChatGPT or chatbot, then I think that's wonderful,” Lowd told Newsweek. Li Yong, a doctor at the Jiangsu Province Hospital, agreed with Lowd, saying that AI meets people’ s basic needs for emotional support to a point. However, AI has its limits (限制). Human therapists understand feelings deeply through face-to-face talks and create suitable treatment plans— something robots can't fully copy. Dr. LiuYang, a Beijing-based psychologist (心理学家), notes “An AI might recognize keywords like ‘divorce’ or ‘layoff’, but it cannot find out small emotional shifts in tone or body language”. This point becomes important when dealing with a series of situations, where misunderstandings could be dangerous. Another problem is safety. AI might act like a therapist without proper training or rules. It cannot match the level of responsibility that human therapists have. Experts believe the key to safe AI therapy is strict government control. For example, Wysa, an AI mental health app, follows strict medical standards in the UK. Data privacy appears as another large concern (担忧). Users usually share personal details on AI platforms, yet few companies clearly state how this information is stored or used. In 2024, a major Chinese mental health app faced criticism when users found their chats were being analyzed for advertising algorithms (算法). As AI becomes part of daily life, finding a balance between its benefits and risks is important. While AI offers quick help, human connection remains irreplaceable for serious emotional needs. 1．What makes people turn to “AI therapy”? A．AI therapy is warmer. B．AI tools are free. C．People feel much pressure. D．DeepSeek is popular. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Mental health care. B．The AI tool. C．The medical standard. D．The government control. 3．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．AI therapy is nicer and cheaper than human therapists. B．AI robots will soon replace human therapists in hospitals. C．AI can perfectly copy human therapists’ skills and methods. D．AI has limits in understanding deep emotions and safety risks. 4．Why does the writer mention the Wysa app? A．To give an example of safe AI under rules. B．To prove robots can deal with emergencies. C．To show AI is cheaper than human doctors. D．To explain why China needs more therapists. 5．What can we infer from the passage? A．AI therapy will completely replace human therapists. B．AI is useful for basic support but not for serious cases. C．AI can create specialized treatment plans for people. D．Government control is really unnecessary for AI apps. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，探讨了AI疗法在心理健康领域的应用，包括其现状、作用、局限性以及面临的问题和解决办法。 1．细节理解题。根据“Because of busy lifestyles and work stress, more Chinese people are now turning to AI tools like DeepSeek to talk about their problems.”可知，人们因压力大而转向AI疗愈。故选C。 2．推理判断题。第二段中“it”指代前文“mental health care”（心理健康服务），因费用高或医生不足导致未能获得服务。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据“AI has its limits”，后文详细说明AI无法理解深层情感（如语气、肢体语言）及安全风险，故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Experts believe the key to safe AI therapy is strict government control. For example, Wysa, an AI mental health app, follows strict medical standards in the UK.”可知。提到Wysa应用遵循严格医疗标准，是为了举例说明“严格政府监管是安全AI疗愈的关键”，故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据“While AI offers quick help, human connection remains irreplaceable for serious emotional needs.”可知，AI提供快速帮助，但严重情感需求仍需人类，可推断AI适用于基础支持，但无法替代人类处理复杂情况，故选B。 5.（2025·甘肃兰州·一模） Recently, DeepSeek has become very important in the technology world. It has caused a lot of excitement in the AI industry. DeepSeek uses an open-source strategy. This means it doesn’t share all its training data, but it does share important parts like the model structure, parameters, and training methods. This offers a great opportunity for developers, including the young talents from universities such as the University of Hong Kong and Peking University. They can now make use of these resources to explore the limitless possibilities of AI and carry out innovative (创新的) research. What really makes DeepSeek different is its great improvement in adapting (适应) to the domestic situation. Because of the possible technology limits from other countries, especially the strict controls on chip exports by some Western countries. This has influenced companies like Nvidia. For example, DeepSeek has worked with the domestic (国内的) chip maker Hygon. They have successfully made the DeepSeek models match the domestic DCU chips well. This achievement reduces our reliance on foreign chips to a certain degree. It also greatly helps the development of China’s domestic AI and chip industries. It builds the base for a more independent and creative future in the tech field. In short, DeepSeek is playing an important role. It is inspiring a new generation of young people to get involved in and contribute to the exciting world of AI. 1．What strategy has DeepSeek adopted in its AI development? A．Keeping all its technology secret. B．Sharing key technical components openly. C．Selling its models to universities only. D．Ignoring international collaborations. 2．Which universities are mentioned as using DeepSeek’s resources? A．Stanford and MIT. B．Tsinghua and Fudan. C．HKU and Peking University. D．Cambridge and Oxford. 3．Why did DeepSeek cooperate with Hygon? A．To increase foreign chip imports. B．To develop new training data. C．To compete with Nvidia directly. D．To reduce reliance on foreign chips. 4．What is special about DCU chips mentioned in the text? A．They are produced by Western countries. B．They are domestically made in China. C．They are used only in smartphones.     D．They are cheaper than other chips. 5．What can we infer about DeepSeek’s domestic adaptation efforts? A．They have failed due to technical challenges B．They support China’s independent tech development. C．They focus only on AI research, not chips. D．They increased dependence on foreign technology. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了DeepSeek在AI领域的崛起，通过开源策略和与国内芯片制造商合作，推动了中国AI和芯片产业的独立发展，激励了新一代年轻人参与AI创新。 1．细节理解题。根据“DeepSeek uses an open-source strategy. This means it doesn’t share all its training data, but it does share important parts…”可知，DeepSeek采用了开源策略，这意味着它并不是把所有技术都保密，而是公开分享了关键的技术组件。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“This offers a great opportunity for developers, including the young talents from universities such as the University of Hong Kong and Peking University.”可知，文章提及正在使用DeepSeek的资源的大学有香港大学和北京大学。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“For example, DeepSeek has worked with the domestic (国内的) chip maker Hygon. They have successfully made the DeepSeek models match the domestic DCU chips well.”以及“This achievement reduces our reliance on foreign chips to a certain degree.”可知，DeepSeek 与海光（Hygon）合作主要是为了在国内环境下与国产芯片适配，从而降低对外国芯片的依赖。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“For example, DeepSeek has worked with the domestic (国内的) chip maker Hygon. They have successfully made the DeepSeek models match the domestic DCU chips well.”可知，这些DCU芯片是中国制造的，而不是进口的。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据“This achievement reduces our reliance on foreign chips to a certain degree. It also greatly helps the development of China’s domestic AI and chip industries.”可知，DeepSeek在适应国内需求方面取得了显著进展，支持了中国的技术独立发展，从而减少了对外国芯片的依赖。故选B。 6.（2025九年级·北京·专题练习）Self-driving cars do not have people telling them what to do. They move themselves about safely by doing three things right: learning about the environment, deciding what to do next, and taking action. First, the car needs to know what is around it. It uses many different sensors (传感器) to do this. These sensors, such as cameras and radar, are like the car’s “eyes”. They allow the car to “see” things such as people and traffic lights. The sensors also help the car know where and how fast it is going. Besides knowing what is close by, a self-driving car makes plans ahead to avoid traffic accidents. This is where “vehicle to everything” (V2X) comes in. This technology connects a self-driving car with people and things. It also allows the car to go online. All these things help the car “talk” with the outside world and get the latest road information. After receiving the information, the car needs to “read” it and decide what to do. So it combines the information from all sensors, just like putting together the pieces of a puzzle. This process is called multi-sensor fusion (多传感器融合). Machine learning plays an important role here because it helps the car recognize people and objects. Then, the car can decide when to stop, go, or turn. Finally, to carry out decisions, the car uses drive-by-wire technology (线控技术). It allows the car to give “orders” to its wheels, brakes (刹车) and engine in the form of electronic signals (电子信号). This makes different parts of the car respond quickly. The car also uses less oil this way, which is good for the environment. 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Ways to use different sensors in self-driving cars. B．The differences between the “eyes” of cars and humans. C．How self-driving cars learn about their environment. D．When and where self-driving cars work the best. 2．What does V2X technology do? A．It allows the car to see in the dark. B．It allows the car to connect with people and things. C．It allows the car to connect with other cars. D．It allows the car to give “orders” to its wheels. 3．What does multi-sensor fusion mean? A．Getting all road information. B．Using AI technology to finish a puzzle. C．Putting together information from all sensors. D．Connecting self-driving cars with each other on the road. 4．What do we know about drive-by-wire technology? A．It helps self-driving cars drive faster. B．It allows self-driving cars to run without oil. C．It can collect signals from different traffic lights. D．It helps control the movement of self-driving cars. 5．What is the text mainly about? A．How self-driving cars work. B．Why self-driving cars are good. C．The development of self-driving cars. D．The safety issues of self-driving cars. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要讲解自动驾驶汽车安全行驶的原理，包括利用传感器了解环境、借助技术做决策及通过线控技术执行动作等。 1．段落大意题。根据第二段“First, the car needs to know what is around it. It uses... and how fast it is going.”可知，该段主要讲解了自动驾驶汽车如何了解周围环境。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“This is where “vehicle to everything” (V2X) comes in. This technology connects a self-driving car with people and things.”可知，V2X技术允许汽车与人和物品相连。故选B。 3．词义理解题。根据第四段“So it combines the information from all sensors, just like putting together the pieces of a puzzle. This process is called multi-sensor fusion (多传感器融合).”可知，多传感器融合是指将所有传感器的信息整合在一起。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Finally, to carry out decisions, the car uses drive-by-wire technology (线控技术). It allows the car to give “orders” to its wheels, brakes (刹车) and engine in the form of electronic signals (电子信号).”可知，线控技术有助于控制自动驾驶汽车的运动，它以电子信号形式给汽车的车轮、刹车和引擎发出 “指令”，使汽车不同部件快速反应，故选D。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了自动驾驶汽车的工作原理。故选A。 7.（2025·浙江·一模） For more than a month, the world has been excited about a new AI model, DeepSeek-R1. It was developed by DeepSeek, a Chinese business based in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, The new AI came out on Jan 20. In just one week, it beat OpenAI’s ChatGPT and became the top free application in Apple’s App Store, reported Xínhua. Its developer said that DeepSeek-R1 is as good at difficult tasks as other big models but needs less computing power. It is also the cheapest of its kind and took only about 5.57 million US dollars (40.58 million yuan) to develop. That is the way less than the hundreds of millions or even billions that US businesses have had to spend in building similar AI models. DeepSeek-R1’s success largely came from its special training method. Traditionally, AI is trained in two ways. One is Chain-of-Thought (CoT, 思维链), where AI learns to break problems into smaller, simpler steps. The other is Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT, 监督微调), which works by showing Al lots of practice problems along with the right answers for it to find a pattern. DeepSeek-R1, however, used Reinforcement Learning (RL, 强化学习) as the main method. Xinhua reported. In RL, AI learns by trying different things. It gets rewards for correct actions and gets punished for mistakes. For example, in a game, it gets points for picking up litter and ▲ . Over time, it works out the best solution all by itself. This is how DeepSeek-R1 has grown to be a reasoning model, which is a new type of AI, named Microsoft engineer Vinayak Hegde. Common AI models, like GPT-40, usually just give direct answers. But reasoning models are trained to both think and show the process. 1．What does the underlined word “it” refer to? A．Deepseek-R1. B．UpenA1. C．ChatGPT. D．Chain-of-Thought. 2．What are the reasons for DeepSeek-R1’s success? ①Its low cost.      ②Its big models.        ③Its simple pattern.   ④Its special method. A．①③ B．③④ C．②③ D．①④ 3．Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A．collects much information B．solves the problem itself C．loses ones for breaking a glass D．uses the main method again 4．What’s the best title of the passage? A．How Deepseek-R1 Developed. B．A New AI Model Excited the World. C．The Increasing Technology of China. D．The Popularity of Deepseek-R1. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了人工智能DeepSeek-R1的出现与发展。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“For more than a month, the world has been excited about a new AI model, DeepSeek-R1.”和本段中“The new AI came out on Jan 20”可知，“it”指的是DeepSeek-R1。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“It is also the cheapest of its kind and took only about 5.57 million US dollars (40.58 million yuan) to develop.”和第四段“DeepSeek-R1’s success largely came from its special training method.”可知，DeepSeek-R1的成功是因为价格低以及特殊的训练方法，故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据前句“In RL, AI learns by trying different things. It gets rewards for correct actions and gets punished for mistakes.”和“For example, in a game, it gets points for picking up litter”可知，DeepSeek-R1使用强化学习模式，从正确的行为中得到奖励，从错误中得到惩罚，在游戏中因捡垃圾得分，此处是说失分的情况，C项“因打碎玻璃而失分”符合语境，故选C。 4．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了人工智能DeepSeek-R1的出现与发展，故选A。 8.（2025·山东德州·模拟预测） Four years after graduating, Luo Jiajia, 36, answered an inner calling to lead a more meaningful life. She noticed that environmental problems were becoming more serious, but little action was being taken. She decided to do something. Luo works for the China Green Foundation (CGF)—an NGO that promotes reforestation (再造林) and encourages people to take part in environmental protection in China. It’s also active in the international community. Luo’s main work concerns the Million Forest project. Having started 10 years ago, the goal of the project is to plant 1 million trees in the Tengger Desert, China’s fourth-largest desert in Inner Mongolia. Over 100 million trees have been planted. Luo helps support the project by brainstorming different fundraising (筹资) activities and organizing events. The project has brought many benefits to local communities. Without the project, many locals would have been forced to leave their homes as eco-refugees (生态移民). Luo’s project has also helped to provide jobs for locals. They can earn money by selling the fruit that the trees produce. Eco-tourism (生态旅游) has been more popular because these areas have become an oasis (绿洲) in the desert. Although her project helps with reforestation efforts, the team discovered that it was just as important to change people’s attitudes (态度). Million Forest changed its slogan (口号) to, “Plant a tree in your heart.” Commenting (评论) on the change, Luo said, “It’s not possible for you to plant a tree every day, but if you have a tree in your heart then you can take care of the whole environment. If we make the effort to change the inside, we will change the outside world too.” 1．What is Luo’s main work at CGF? A．Attending UN meetings as a CGF representative. B．Selecting volunteers to work for CGF. C．Providing support for the Million Forest project. D．Promoting eco-tourism in the Tengger Desert of Inner Mongolia. 2．What’s the underlined word “benefits” mean in Chinese? A．益处 B．风险 C．保险 D．奖励 3．How has the Million Forest project helped local communities? A．It has provided jobs for eco-refugees. B．It has offered locals a chance to make money. C．It has helped locals sell fruit across the country. D．It has encouraged locals to leave their hometown to work. 4．Why did Million Forest change its slogan according to Luo? A．To celebrate achieving its goals. B．To call on people to plant as many trees as they can. C．To show people the importance of reforestation. D．To remind people to have environmental protection in mind. 5．Where is this passage most probably taken from? A．A history book. B．A space website. C．An environmental magazine. D．A personal letter. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文讲述了罗佳佳数年如一日，在腾格里沙漠植树造林来对抗沙漠化、保护环境的感人事迹。 1．细节理解题。根据“Luo helps support the project by brainstorming different fundraising (筹资) activities and organizing events.”可知，罗的主要工作是为“百万森林”项目提供支持和组织活动，故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后的“Without the project, many locals would have been forced to leave their homes as eco-refugees (生态移民).”可知，如果没有这个项目，许多当地人将被迫离开家园，成为生态难民。因此“benefits”在语境中表示“益处”，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Luo’s project has also helped to provide jobs for locals. They can earn money by selling the fruit that the trees produce.”可知，项目通过种树和发展生态旅游，为当地居民提供了赚钱机会，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据罗补充说的“It’s not possible for you to plant a tree every day…If we make the effort to change the inside, we will change the outside world too.”可知，新口号“Plant a tree in your heart”强调从内心重视环保，是为了让人们时刻牢记环境保护的重要性，故选D。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主题围绕环保、植树及生态保护，最可能出自环保类刊物，故选C。 9.（2025·山东泰安·一模） For more than a month, the world has been excited about a new AI model, DeepSeek-R1. It was developed by DeepSeek, a Chinese business based in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province. The new AI was released on Jan 20. In just one week, it beat OpenAI’s ChatGPT and became the top free application (应用) in Apple’s App Store, reported Xinhua. Its developer said that DeepSeek-RI is as good at difficult tasks as other big models but needs less computing power (算力). It is also the cheapest of its kind and took only about 5.57million US dollars (40.58 million yuan) to develop. That is way less than the hundreds of millions or even billions that US businesses have had to spend on building similar AI models,Marc Andreessen, a technology expert in the US,told Xinhua. DeepSeek-R1’s success largely came from its special training method. Traditionally, AI is trained in two ways. One is Chain-of-Thought (CoT, 思维链), where AI learns to break problems into smaller, simpler steps. The other is Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT, 监督微调) , which works by showing Al lots of practice problems along with the right answers for it to find a pattern. DeepSeek-R1, however, used Reinforcement Learning (RL, 强化学习) as the core (核心) method, Xinhua reported. In RL, Al learns by trying different things. It gets rewards (奖励)for correct actions and gets punished for mistakes. For example, in a game, it gets points for picking up trash (垃圾) and loses points for breaking a glass. Over time, it works out the best solution all by itself. This is how DeepSeek-R1 has grown to be a reasoning model, which is a new type of Al, noted Microsoft engineer Vinayak Hegde. Regular (常规的) AI models, like GPT-40, usually just give direct answers. But reasoning models are trained to both think and show the process. 1．What is one of the strong points of DeepSeek-R1compared to other AI models? A．It’s cheaper to develop. B．It’s smarter than others. C．It’s better at difficult activities. D．It’s quicker at solving problems. 2．How does DeepSeek-R1 learn? A．By breaking problems into smaller steps. B．By finding the right patterns in practice problems. C．By finding the right way to do things independently. D．By following all kinds of orders from its creators. 3．How can the reasoning model be described? A．It gives direct answers. B．It provides a lot of reasons. C．It gives the best solution. D．It thinks and then decides. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The application of DeepSeck-RI. B．The challenges faced by DeepSeek-R1. C．The differences between Al models. D．The introduction to DeepSeek-RI. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了DeepSeek-R1的特点、优势及其成功的原因。   1．细节理解题。根据“It is also the cheapest of its kind and took only about 5.57million US dollars (40.58 million yuan) to develop.”可知DeepSeek-R1与其他AI模型相比开发成本更便宜，故选A。 2． 细节理解题。根据“In RL, AI learns by trying different things. It gets rewards for correct actions and gets punished for mistakes.”可知，DeepSeek-R1通过自己找到正确的方法去做事情。故选C。 3． 细节理解题。根据“which is a new type of Al, noted Microsoft engineer Vinayak Hegde. Regular (常规的) AI models, like GPT-40, usually just give direct answers.”及“But reasoning models are trained to both think and show the process.”可知，推理模型会思考然后做出决定。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，文章主要介绍了DeepSeek-R1的特点、优势及其成功的原因，因此文章的主要内容是对DeepSeek-R1的介绍。故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$