Unit 1 Science Fiction Discover Useful Structures 复习被动语态导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

人教版 选择性必修四 U1语法知识：复习被动语态 复习被动语态 　　被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。当强调动作的承受者,不必或不方便指明动作 的执行者,或出于其他的修辞需要时,常使用被动语态。不同的时态下谓语动词有不同的被 动语态构成形式。 一、被动语态概述 情景导学 Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free. 12岁以下的儿童在一个成人的陪同下可免费入场。 (2022全国乙) I was invited to a cookout on an old friend's farm in western Washington. 我被邀请去华盛顿西部一个老朋友的农场野餐。 (2023浙江1月) After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. 经过三年的试验期,大熊猫国家公园将于明年正式建立。 (2022新高考Ⅰ) The elderly residents in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely. 让伦敦养老院的老年居民照顾母鸡,以消除他们的孤独感。 (2022新高考Ⅰ) Walking into the room, we noticed that the children were being taught how to draw a duck.走进房间,我们注意到孩子们正在被教授如何画鸭子。(读后续写·动作描写) The charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide. 该慈善机构已经得到了财政支持,以便在全国范围内推广这个活动。(2022新高考Ⅰ) When we arrived, all the vegetables had been sold out. 当我们到达的时候,所有的蔬菜都已经卖光了。 Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效) across the board. 成本将被削减,运营效率将全面提高。(2022全国乙) When you arrive at six tomorrow, the work will have been finished. 你明天六点钟到的时候,工作就已经做完了。 Registration must be made at least two weeks in advance. 登记必须至少提前两周进行。　     (2022新高考Ⅱ) 用法归纳 (1)被动语态的基本构成形式:助动词be+及物动词的　     (+by sb.)。被动语态发生时态变化时只变be的形式。（过去分词） (2)被动语态的各种时态形式: 一般现在时:am/is/are done 一般过去时:　     （was/were done） 一般将来时:will/shall be done; am/is/are going to be done; am/is/are to be done 现在进行时:　    （am/is/are being done） 过去进行时:was/were being done 现在完成时:　    （have/has been done） 过去完成时:　      （had been done） 过去将来时:　      （would be done） 将来完成时:will/shall have been done (3)含情态动词的被动语态:　    （情态动词+be done） 二、被动语态应注意的问题 情景导学1 It is said that the story happened in the 19th century. 据说这个故事发生在19世纪。 It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week. 已经确认会议将于下个星期召开。 用法归纳1 　     不能用于被动语态,如happen、rise、die、appear、occur、break out、take place等。（不及物动词(短语)） 情景导学2 He was made to work with the man for a day. 他被迫与那个男人一起工作了一天。 He is often seen to play basketball by us. 我们经常看见他打篮球。 用法归纳2 　　在使役动词make和感官动词see、hear、watch、observe、notice等后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to,但在被动语态中不定式要　    。（还原to） 情景导学3 The patients were taken good care of in the hospital. 病人们在医院里得到了很好的照料。 The lights are turned off at 11 p.m. every day. 每天晚上11点关灯。 用法归纳3 　　短语动词变为被动语态时不可漏掉与动词搭配的　     ,这样的短语动词常见的有:take care of、laugh at、hand in、carry out、turn off、make use of、pay attention to、attend to、take part in等。（介词或副词） 情景导学4 These books which are intended for children sell well.这些儿童用书卖得很好。 The material tears easily, so be careful when you wear it.这种料子很容易撕破,因此你穿的时候 要小心。 People all agreed that the delivery guy deserved praising.人们一致认为这名快递员值得表扬。 The temple requires repairing.这座寺庙需要修缮了。 In my opinion, the salesgirl is to blame for the quarrel.在我看来,这次争吵该怪那个女售货员。 用法归纳4 　　主动形式表示被动意义: (1)有些动词可以用主动形式表示被动意义,如sell、tear、write、read、wash等。这些动词往往指事物的特征,且常与well、easily、badly等副词连用。 (2)be worth以及want、need、require、deserve后可接动名词的　     形式表示被动意义。（主动） (3)sb. be to blame用主动形式表示被动意义,表示“某人应受责备”。 情景导学5 Three people got badly injured in the traffic accident.在这场交通事故中三个人受了重伤。 用法归纳5 “　     +过去分词”也可以表示被动意义。（get/got） 三、非谓语动词的被动语态 1.动词不定式的被动语态 情景导学 My heart leaped with joy as I knew we were likely to be saved. 当我知道我们很有可能得救时,我的心高兴地狂跳。 (读后续写·心理描写) He is said to have been given a gold medal. 据说他已经获得了一枚金牌。 用法归纳 被动结构 用法 一般式 　      （to be done） 表示发生在谓语动词之后或与谓语动词(几乎)同时发生的被动动作 完成式 　  （to have been done） 表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动动作 特别提醒 不定式的主动形式表示被动意义 (1)动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,又和句中另一名词或代词构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,不定式常用主动形式表示被动含义。 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.今天下午我有许多事要做。(to do与things是逻辑上的动宾关系,与I是逻辑上的主谓关系) (2)在某些形容词作表语或宾语补足语,并且形容词后跟不定式的结构中,句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,常用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这样的形容词有easy, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。 You may find your failure hard to accept. 你可能觉得难以接受自己的失败。 This kind of novel is easy to find in the bookstores. 这种小说在书店里很容易找到。 2.动词-ing形式的被动语态 情景导学 Being selected as Chairman of the students' union made him feel proud. 被选为学生会主席让他很自豪。 Tony was very unhappy at not having been invited to the party. 托尼对未受邀参加聚会甚为不满。 用法归纳 被动结构 用法 一般式  　     （being done） 既可表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动动作,也可表示在谓语动词之前或之后发生的被动动作 完成式 having been done 表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动动作 即时巩固 完成句子 1.再次经过那座被遗弃的房子时,我发现了打破的窗户,它已经被完美地修复了。 Passing the deserted house again, I spotted the broken window, which 　      perfectly. 2.必须充分利用每一分钟来提高你的英语口语。(use) Every minute 　      to improve your spoken English. 3.自从你在那次事故中受伤后,我一直很挂念你。 I have been concerned about you since you 　      in the accident. 4.这部电影使我回忆起我在那个遥远的村庄受到照顾的时光。 The film brought the moments back to me when I 　      in that faraway village. 5.我们上学的时候,任何一个调皮捣蛋的孩子被抓住都要在课堂前面罚站。(make) Any child caught misbehaving 　      at the front of the class when we were at school. 6.我非常感激两年前已经被给予去国外学习的机会。(give) I appreciated 　      the chance to study abroad two years ago very much. 答案 1. has been repaired 2. must be made full use of 3. got/was injured 4. was taken care of 5. was made to stand 6. having been given 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 人教版 选择性必修四 U1语法知识：复习被动语态 复习被动语态 　　被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。当强调动作的承受者,不必或不方便指明动作 的执行者,或出于其他的修辞需要时,常使用被动语态。不同的时态下谓语动词有不同的被 动语态构成形式。 一、被动语态概述 情景导学 Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free. 12岁以下的儿童在一个成人的陪同下可免费入场。 (2022全国乙) I was invited to a cookout on an old friend's farm in western Washington. 我被邀请去华盛顿西部一个老朋友的农场野餐。 (2023浙江1月) After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. 经过三年的试验期,大熊猫国家公园将于明年正式建立。 (2022新高考Ⅰ) The elderly residents in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely. 让伦敦养老院的老年居民照顾母鸡,以消除他们的孤独感。 (2022新高考Ⅰ) Walking into the room, we noticed that the children were being taught how to draw a duck.走进房间,我们注意到孩子们正在被教授如何画鸭子。(读后续写·动作描写) The charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide. 该慈善机构已经得到了财政支持,以便在全国范围内推广这个活动。(2022新高考Ⅰ) When we arrived, all the vegetables had been sold out. 当我们到达的时候,所有的蔬菜都已经卖光了。 Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效) across the board. 成本将被削减,运营效率将全面提高。(2022全国乙) When you arrive at six tomorrow, the work will have been finished. 你明天六点钟到的时候,工作就已经做完了。 Registration must be made at least two weeks in advance. 登记必须至少提前两周进行。　     (2022新高考Ⅱ) 用法归纳 (1)被动语态的基本构成形式:助动词be+及物动词的　     (+by sb.)。被动语态发生时态变化时只变be的形式。 (2)被动语态的各种时态形式: 一般现在时:am/is/are done 一般过去时:　     一般将来时:will/shall be done; am/is/are going to be done; am/is/are to be done 现在进行时:　    过去进行时:was/were being done 现在完成时:　    过去完成时:　      过去将来时:　      将来完成时:will/shall have been done (3)含情态动词的被动语态:　    二、被动语态应注意的问题 情景导学1 It is said that the story happened in the 19th century. 据说这个故事发生在19世纪。 It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week. 已经确认会议将于下个星期召开。 用法归纳1 　     不能用于被动语态,如happen、rise、die、appear、occur、break out、take place等。 情景导学2 He was made to work with the man for a day. 他被迫与那个男人一起工作了一天。 He is often seen to play basketball by us. 我们经常看见他打篮球。 用法归纳2 　　在使役动词make和感官动词see、hear、watch、observe、notice等后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to,但在被动语态中不定式要　    。 情景导学3 The patients were taken good care of in the hospital. 病人们在医院里得到了很好的照料。 The lights are turned off at 11 p.m. every day. 每天晚上11点关灯。 用法归纳3 　　短语动词变为被动语态时不可漏掉与动词搭配的　     ,这样的短语动词常见的有:take care of、laugh at、hand in、carry out、turn off、make use of、pay attention to、attend to、take part in等。 情景导学4 These books which are intended for children sell well.这些儿童用书卖得很好。 The material tears easily, so be careful when you wear it.这种料子很容易撕破,因此你穿的时候 要小心。 People all agreed that the delivery guy deserved praising.人们一致认为这名快递员值得表扬。 The temple requires repairing.这座寺庙需要修缮了。 In my opinion, the salesgirl is to blame for the quarrel.在我看来,这次争吵该怪那个女售货员。 用法归纳4 　　主动形式表示被动意义: (1)有些动词可以用主动形式表示被动意义,如sell、tear、write、read、wash等。这些动词往往指事物的特征,且常与well、easily、badly等副词连用。 (2)be worth以及want、need、require、deserve后可接动名词的　     形式表示被动意义。 (3)sb. be to blame用主动形式表示被动意义,表示“某人应受责备”。 情景导学5 Three people got badly injured in the traffic accident.在这场交通事故中三个人受了重伤。 用法归纳5 “　     +过去分词”也可以表示被动意义。 三、非谓语动词的被动语态 1.动词不定式的被动语态 情景导学 My heart leaped with joy as I knew we were likely to be saved. 当我知道我们很有可能得救时,我的心高兴地狂跳。 (读后续写·心理描写) He is said to have been given a gold medal. 据说他已经获得了一枚金牌。 用法归纳 被动结构 用法 一般式 　      表示发生在谓语动词之后或与谓语动词(几乎)同时发生的被动动作 完成式 　  表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动动作 特别提醒 不定式的主动形式表示被动意义 (1)动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,又和句中另一名词或代词构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,不定式常用主动形式表示被动含义。 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.今天下午我有许多事要做。(to do与things是逻辑上的动宾关系,与I是逻辑上的主谓关系) (2)在某些形容词作表语或宾语补足语,并且形容词后跟不定式的结构中,句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,常用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这样的形容词有easy, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。 You may find your failure hard to accept. 你可能觉得难以接受自己的失败。 This kind of novel is easy to find in the bookstores. 这种小说在书店里很容易找到。 2.动词-ing形式的被动语态 情景导学 Being selected as Chairman of the students' union made him feel proud. 被选为学生会主席让他很自豪。 Tony was very unhappy at not having been invited to the party. 托尼对未受邀参加聚会甚为不满。 用法归纳 被动结构 用法 一般式  　     既可表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动动作,也可表示在谓语动词之前或之后发生的被动动作 完成式 having been done 表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动动作 即时巩固 完成句子 1.再次经过那座被遗弃的房子时,我发现了打破的窗户,它已经被完美地修复了。 Passing the deserted house again, I spotted the broken window, which 　      perfectly. 2.必须充分利用每一分钟来提高你的英语口语。(use) Every minute 　      to improve your spoken English. 3.自从你在那次事故中受伤后,我一直很挂念你。 I have been concerned about you since you 　      in the accident. 4.这部电影使我回忆起我在那个遥远的村庄受到照顾的时光。 The film brought the moments back to me when I 　      in that faraway village. 5.我们上学的时候,任何一个调皮捣蛋的孩子被抓住都要在课堂前面罚站。(make) Any child caught misbehaving 　      at the front of the class when we were at school. 6.我非常感激两年前已经被给予去国外学习的机会。(give) I appreciated 　      the chance to study abroad two years ago very much. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$