UN5 课时练(2)Learning About Language-【百汇大课堂·高中学习测试卷】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

且.触峰句子 课时练(2)Learning About Language 1,色们突然停止了封论.所以设有得出一个结论。《©) (建议屏时：40分钟) 名，黎如果想通过考试，就最好改变你的老度。《条件状语从句) [幕础巩固练] 1,单句语法璃空 多色还没去过体在信其提到过的那个域市，定语从句) 1.Nat everyone experiences anger in the same way: nrgers cee persoe may amitse nath年， 4.让我生气的是，他放意打要了我的杯子，《主语从句) 2.Some soeial seientists suggest that Weaterners should take advantege of the aneient Chinese wisdom (mke)p far the drawtocks af Westem philosophy. 3.They also help students prepare for college mathematies overcome t小heir anxiety 5他进了所间，同现为什么销过了那个会议。《宾语从句》 sbout this amaxing field of study. 4.Faeing up to your problems rather than (run)away from them is the best appeoach to working things out. 5.Architeets have long had the feeling the ploces we live in can affer our thoughts [能力提升练] and bebavioes. 】.阅读解 6.She thought that she armed herself with all the knowledge sbe could gather,she Williamin Fleming had at first taken the positionof houemid out of necessity:Shortly after could handle anything. moving to Ameriea in 1878,her husband.James,left het.She was 22,in s new country. 7.When I opened my book.I found a beautiful card (attach)to the first page,giving abandoned.Edward Charles Pickering,director of the Hervard College Dhservatory.hired her,and me best wishes. quickly found Fleming was bard-working.intelbgent.dependable.highly attentive to detnil.and 8.The failure was a big blow tu him. he wasn't discouraged and soon got as good with numbers. enthusiastic as ever. Fleming.wase't the lirst womun t work in Pickering's lab.The Ohservatery wax,in the Ⅱ，挺下列句子合并成一个复合句成并列句 beginning.the province of men,young pbysicists and astronomers Pickering had become so 1.They graduated from college two years ago.They have been out of touch with each other since exasperated with the careless work of his mle assistants.He'd said that his"Scutch maidcould do then. s better job, 来 When Pickering officially hired Fleming as an assistent in 1881.she was cne of a handful of women assistants in the lab.and the anly nne at that time with no scientifie education Bat that 2.There is something wrong with your car.Y'ou should have it repaired. pruved not to be a problem.She began by assisting Pickering with photometry(光度测定)，he prucers of measuring the hrighinexs of stars.She finally heenme respunxihle for not only meaxuring and cataloging atars and publishing the Obaermntory's anmual review bet also for hiring,managing 3.He paid a visit to his sncle in the city.Then he went to the nirport by taxi. and training the women computers. When Fleming first began her work as a computer.there were known to be just under 200 varable stars.Within a deesde at the Ohservstory.she and her fellow enmputer had reeognised 100 4.She failed the exam.She still didn't give up more,many of them personally identified by Fleming.Her work of disenvering,identifying and cotaloging the stars resulted in tbe 1890 publication of the first Draper Catalogue of Stellar Spectra. which listed the brightness.position and type of 10,35]stars. 85 多 By 1893.thanks to Fleming's initintive and Pickering's encouragement.there were 17 women In my company.those who thought we couldn't because we ance 10 were like n baby elephant computers working for the Observatory.totaling nearly half of all of the emplyees. who was living with a 1 mindset.They drew a conclusion based on specific 12 but they "Wanting to work.wanting intellectunl excitement.wanting to make a difference,and wanting the forgot to revise it when things changed. ehance to make a contribution to acience made women ldenlly saited to the kind od resenrch the In business.not to mentloe life,all sorts of invisable mental ropes may hold us baek.It results 《光valoryre4 ired.And they did mke dsever,”iFleming in missed oppertunities and wasted 13 So don't hold omto the 14 that you ran'r grow ar I.What doek the underlined word "exssperated"in Paragrsph 2 mran? lenrn from past fnilure&.All it takes is 15 eyes to reexamine the wituation. A.Upset. B.Honest. 1.A.admitted B.imagined C.emjoyed D.proposed C.Careful. D.Surprised 2.A.annoyance 且fear C.doubt D.regret 2.What dod Pickering find about Fleming after he hired ber officially? 3.A.activity 且.tril C.procedure D.mission A.She had diffculry in doing housework. 4.A.significant 且，precise C.perfeet D.common B.She was good at operating computera, 5.A.amused 且，{ruslratrd C,axtonished D.plensed C.She had no scientific backgruund. 6,A两y 民rezularly C.naturally D,oHficially D.She was an excellent helper. 7.A.injured B.secured C.moved D.pulled 3.What can we infer from the numbers menticeed in Paragraph 4? 8.A.small B.big C.fat D.short A.Fleming had a talent for discovering stars. B.A.held on 且.held beck C.set free D.set apart B Astronomy went through a slow proeras of change. 10.A.Iried H.reflected C.persevered D.failed C.Fleming spent runsiderable time in messuring stars. 11.A.ilexible 且，omplex C.fixed D,simple D.The new technolugy helped Fleming find many atars. 12.A.places 且，onditions C.standsrds D.systems 4.What is the purpose of the text? 13.A.space 且.s对rength C.money D.potential A.To praise Pickering's encouragement to Fleming. 14.A.belief 且.excuse C.ambition D.information B.To inspire readers'love for astronomy. 18.A.mature 且.eager C.fresh D.optimistie C.To reeognize the coetributians of scientists. Ⅲ，语法填空 D.To introducu a.female pimneer in axtremnamy So.you are interested in becoming good journslist hut don't know where to star?Well.there Ⅱ.完形填空 are 1. coupie of things you shoold put on your list of priority. When I started my company.a customer service mumber was put on the company's websise to Firstly,you need to be skilled at writing.The information 2. (involve)in a complex better the communication with usera.Sumebow it rarely rang.So we abandoned it. story may came fram dozens of sources.Good jouralists nred to organize all this informarion However,I thought phone support would have made sense.So.last year,I 1 purting 3. (elear)to give an aceurute serount of what is happening. another servicn mumber an our homepuge. Secondly.you must have a natural curinsity 4.thingx thet are happening.ren thoegh "Again?We tried this before.but it didn't work!"they respoeded,casting 2 on me. they may appear to be minor matters When something newsworthy comes about.it may escape the "But companies evolve circumstances change."I argued. attention of ordinary people5. good jourmalists are sensitive cmough to notice the event Late last year.I convinced my company to give it a shot.So we started a rwo-week 1. and draw public attention to it. During the first few days,the volume of calls,aruund 20 per day,was eot much but 4.Then, Finally,good journalists 6. (commit)to revealing the truth.Acearding to Noam over the following days,the volurse ineresed dramatically.which 5 them all,So sueressful was Chomaky,"The duty of journlists is to tell the truth.Journalism means you go buck to the setual it that we finally decided to sopt she service phone number 6. 7 〔hrt》,you look at the documet,yuu disroer& the recurd ie.and you This experience reminded me of the clephant and-rope stor.Baby elephants were 7 with a port it that可y,“To do this,journalisis need to inve时igate an evem thoroughly. small rope.Becnuse they're too 8 to break free from the rope.they grow up being conditioned 9. .(sum)up.being a good journalist requires writing skills,curiosity and that the rope is strunger than they are.So.as adults,they think they can still be 9 by the rope. commitment to finding the 10. (true).Good lock! 树5.D解析：根据上文“Examine your future financial security.One of 一席之地，并取得了卓越的咸就。因此，本文的目的是介组这位天 the most important things to consider is if the career path you're 文学领城的女性先锋一弗莱明。 choosing will provide you with an acceptable level of financial Ⅱ，完形填空 security.In other words,will you be able to make enough money to [语篇解读]本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在第一次使 support yourself and your family?Meanwhile,you are supposed to 用客服电话失败后，又做出第二次尝试的故事。 pay special attention to your future job stability.”以及后文 L.D解析：根据前文“I thought phone support would have made "Accordingly,you will need to consider if the career you choose is sense”可知，作者认为服务电话非常有必要，所以提议再次开通客 stable enough for you and your desires for the future.."可知，本段 服电话， 主要是关于考虑远择未来工作稳定性的建议，本句说明原因，故D 2.C解析：从员工们的反应“Again?We tried this before,but it 选项“由于社会在不同时期需要不同的东西，就业市场会发生很大 didn't work!"可知，他们对作者的提议持有怀疑的态度. 的变化，”符合语境。 3.B解析：根据前文“I convinced my company to give it a shot'”可 课时练(2)Learning About Language 知，在作者的极力劝说下，大家同意尝试一下，所以开始了为期两 周的试验。 [基础巩固练] 4.A解析：结合转折词“but”可知，试验的前几天，电话的数量不多 I,单句语法填空 但却十分有意义。 1.what 2.to make 3.and 4.running 5.that 6.if 7.attached 5,C解析：根据前文“the volume increased dramatically”可知，随后几天 8.but 里，打来的电话数量急剧增加，这让那些之前质疑作者的人十分 Ⅱ，把下列句子合并成一个复合句或并列句 惊讶。 1.They have been out of touch with each other since they graduated 6.D解析：结合语境可知，整个试验是如此成功以至于作者最终决 from college two years ago. 定正式使用这个服务电话。 2.Because/As there is something wrong with your car,you should 7.B解析，根据下文“Because they're too8 to break free from have it repaired. the rope”可知，幼象从小就被一根绳子拴着。 3.After he paid a visit to his uncle in the city,he went to the airport 8.A解析：结合上文“Baby elephants”"及下文“the rope is stronger by taxi./Before he went to the airport by taxi,he paid a visit to his than they are'”可知，幼象从小就被一根绳子拴着，因为年纪小而无 uncle in the city. 法挣脱。 4.Although/Though/While she failed the exam,she still didn't9.B解析：根据上文“the rope is stronger than they are'”及空前的 give up. “s”可知，幼象因为年纪小而无法静慰，然而当它们长大后却仿 Ⅲ，翻译句子 然认为绳子比自己强壮而不去挣扎，最终认为绳子仍然可以栓住 1.Suddenly they stopped discussing,so they failed to come to a 自己，最后一段中“all sorts of invisible mental ropes may hold us conclusion back”也是提示。 2.If you want to pass your exams,you'd better change your attitude. l0,D解析：结合上文“We tried this before,but it didn't work!(我 3.He hasn't been to the city (which/that)you mentioned in your letter. 们以前试过这个，但是没有用I)”及语境可知，作者他们曾经失 4.What made me angry was that he broke my cup on purpose. 败过。 5.He entered the room and asked me why I had missed the meeting. 11,C解析：根据上文的故事可知，幼象因为年纪小而无法挣脱绳 [能力提升练] 子，然面当它们长大后却仍然认为绳子比自己遐壮而不去挣扎 I.阅读理解 所以它们是带着定性思维生活。 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位名为威康敏辉· l2.B解析：根据上文“They drew a conclusion”可知，应该是根据特 弗莱明的苏格兰女性从女佣到杰出天文学家的城变过程。 定的条件得出一个结论。 l,A解析：词义猜测。根据第二段中的“with the careless work of I3.D解析：根据上文“all sorts of invisible mental ropes may hold us his male assistants.He'd said that his 'Scotch maid'could do a back”可知，各种各样隐形的精神物锁都可能困住我们，这会导或 better job.”可知，皮克林对哈佛大学天文台所雇用的男性积员在 错失机会，浪费潜能。 工作中的粗心表现表示恼火。画线单词exasperated与A项 14.A解析：根据下文“you can't grow or learn from past failures”可 “Upset(恼火的)”意思相近。 知，此处指请不要持有这样的信念：你不会成长或从过去的失败 2.D解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“the only one at that time 中吸取教训。 with no scientific education...managing and training the women l5.C解析：根据下文“reexamine the situation”可知，重新审视形势 computers,”可知，虽然弗莱明没有相关的科学教有背景，但地从 雷要用新的眼光， 帮助皮克林做光谱测定开始，到最终不但要对星星进行测量和归 Ⅲ，语法填空 类，还要负责管理、培训新计算员，这些成绩的取得都说明地学习 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了成为一名优秀的记者 能力超强，是皮克林的得力助手。 所需要具备的一些条件。 3.A解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的内存可知，在弗莱明刚加入 1.a解析：考查冠词。句意：好吧，有儿件事你应该放在你的优先事 皮克林的团队时，哈佛大学天文台之前总共发现了不到200颗变 项清单上。a couple of是固定短语，意为“一些，几个” 星，而在地开始找星星的10年中，她和她手下的女助手们总共发 2.involved解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：一个复杂的放事所涉及 现了100多颗变星，其中相当大一部分是弗莱明自己独立发现的。 的信息可能来自几十个来源。句中谓语是may come,空格处是非 而且在1890年出版的第一本关于星体分类的书里，弗莱明总共给 谓语动词，information和involve之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格 10351颗星星做了仔细分析和归类。由此可见，地“找星星”的能 处用过去分词表被动，作后置定语。 力非同寻常。 3.cley解析：考查副词。句意：优秀的记者需要清楚地组织所有 4,D解析：目的意图题。通读全文后可知，在被男性一直占领的天 这些信息，以准确地描述正在发生的事情。空格处用副词修饰动 文学领城，亮莱明通过自己的不努力最终带领女性同胞争得了 词organize,clear的副词是clearly,意为“清楚地”。 22· 4.about解析：考查介词。句意：其次，你必须对正在发生的事情有 and details.This is an ability that can be useful in many jobs." 一种天生的好奇心，即使它们看起来是小事。have a curiosity 知，历史对于找工作的价值体现不是直接的。 about sth.是固定短语，意为“对某事有好奇心”，因此空格处用介 3.D解析：细节理解题。由文章的最后两句“Your school record,for 词about, instance,may not be too good,yet it is an important part of your 5.however解析：考查副词。句意：当有新闻价值的事情发生时，它 background.You should not be sorry about it but instead recognise 可能逃避了普通人的注意，然而，优秀的记者足够敏感，能够注意 that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work.”可知，如果一 到事作并引起公众的注意。由上文“it may escape the attention of 名学生在校成绩不好，则他应该认识到自己将拥有一个重新开始 ordinary people"和下文“good journalists are sensitive enough to 的机会。 notice the event and draw public attention to it'”可知，上下文之间 4.A解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，这篇文章主要讲的是一个 是转折关系，空格处用表转折的however。 人的在校表现与他的职业的关系， 6.are committed解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：最后，优 Ⅱ.七选五 秀的记者致力于揭露真相。be committed to是固定短语，意为“致 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了制定职业规刻的四个 力于”，句子描述客观事实，时态用一数现在时，主语journalists是 步豫。 复数，因此空格处用are committed。 1.C解析：设空处承上启下。由该空前的描述以及下文列举的几个 7.[acts解析：考查名词的数。句意：新闻意味着你要国到事实，你 步骤可知，C项引出下文，符合此处语境。 要看文件，你要发现记录是什么，然后你就这样极道。act是可数 2.D解析：设空处是该段的小标题。根据该段中的“it's always a 名词，不止一个事实，因此空格处用复数。 good idea to reflect on what you feel strongly about in your life and 8.what解析：考查宾语从句。句意见上题解析。空格处引导的是 career""Make a list of what you like and dislike about your job." 宾语从句，从句中缺少表语，句子表示“新闻意味着你要回到事实， 可知，本段主要讲述了在职业规划中，我们要反思自己喜欢什么 你要看文件，你要发现记录是什么”，因此空格处用what引导宾语 不喜欢什么、需要什么、想从工作中获得什么，D项能很好地概括 从句。 本段的主旨，适合作本段的小标题。 9.T0sum解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：总之，成为一名优秀的记 3.B解析：由该空前的“You probably already know about SMART 者男要写作技巧、好奇心和寻找真相的决心。to sum up是固定短 (specific.measurable,achievable,relevant,and time-bound 语，意为“总之”，不定式短语作句子状语，位于句首的单词首字母 要大写。 goals.Always write them down and share the list with someone." 可知，把你的目标写下来并与别人分享，这将帮你建立一种实现目 10,ruth解析：考查名词。句意见上葱解析。空格处用名词作宾 标的责任感，B项符合此处语境。 语，true的名词是truth,是不可数名词，意为“真相”"。 4.G解析：由该空前的“reviewing and adjusting these goals on a 课时练(3)Using Language&.Assessing Your Progress regular basis'”可知，G项“所以，每次当你坐下来做职业规划时，打 开这个列表并重新考虑所列的目标。”符合此处语境。G项中的 「基础巩固练] list和review分别与上文中的list和reviewing构成原词复现， I,单句语法填空 5.F解析：由该段的小标题Explore new education or training 1.depending 2.for 3.Working 4.to acquire 5.whether opportunities,和该空前的“Part of career planning is finding 6.to point 7.to 8.being 9.focused 10.priorities Ⅱ，选词填空 training opportunities that will help you further your career." 1.depend on 2.refer to 3.come true 4.(should)apply for 该空后的“This is free money and can be valuable in reaching your g0als.”可知，F项“如果你的公司提供职业发展机会，那就好好利 5.is popular with 6.attend to Ⅲ.完成句子 用它。”符合此处语境。 1.depends on the surroundings in which he lives Ⅲ.完形填空 2.attended to the wounded soldiers [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者找工作的 3.There is no point quarrelling with him 经历。 4.as soon as possible 1.D解析：由下文作者出去找工作的故事可知，他现在买不起电脑 5.would like you to buy 2.A解析：由上文的“1 am really in need of a computer'”可知，作者 [能力提升练] 现在非常需要一台电脑，但是只能靠自己的能力去“获得(g)”. I,阅读理解 3.B解析：由下文的“Having been refused many times'”和“There [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了学生的在校表现和未 were already four candidates'”可知，作者出去找“工作(Gjob)”了。 来职业的关系。 4.C解析：由下文内容可知，作者“进(enter)”了饭店，然后听到了老 l.A解析：推理料断题。由第一段中的“You are probably better at 板所说的话。 some school subjects than others.These may show strengths that 5.D解析：由下文的“..I need to check your references..Ican you can use in your work..”可推断出，作者认为在校学习时学得好 make a decision..”可知，老板很难“决定(decide)”该雇用谁， 的人在工作中占有优萝。 6.A解析：此处指“最后(at last)”老板说，在他做决定之前，他得先 2.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A boy who is good at 看看应聘者的简历。 mathematics can use that in an engineering career.A girl who spells T.B解析：根据上文“I need to check your references(简历)”及空后 well and likes English may be good at office work.”和第二段首句 “I can make a decision'”可知，老板应该是先看简历再做决定。 "Your school may have taught you skills,such as typing or 8.C解析：老板告诚儿位应聘者，让他们“记住(remember)”不论是 technical drawing,which you can use in your work.”可知，数学，英 谁被录用，都得每天晚上六点到八点来这儿工作。 语和技术敏图对找工作有直接的价值。而根据第一段中的“A 9.B解析：由该空后的“The working hours were perfect for me,”可 knowledge of history is not required for most jobs but if history is 知，老板说的这个时间段对作者来说非常合适，所以他感到很“兴 one of your good subjects you will have learned to remember facts 奋(excited)”. 23