UN3 课时练(1)Reading and Thinking-【百汇大课堂·高中学习测试卷】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

UNIT3 SEAEXPLORATION her dmelnped the ahility to cosmuniote srvesall relationships.(日的语从句) 课时练(1) Reading and Thinking 2.经过几个月的跳行,他们终干到达了我们现在称之为加刺福夏的地方。 ①After serernl months'vorage,they finally reahed we nou mll Californis.(定语从句) ②After aeveral months' vosngr-they finally reachrd (建效用时:0分钟 Californin.(g 词性从句) [基础巩固续 3. Althogh he was wealthy.he still led a simple life the atill leda imple lile.(状语从句的省略) 1.单词写 4. The giri from Iondon was attrneted hy the benuty of natare and decided to spend aeother wo days L It is reported that the nrimr minister uill (f长) his visit umtil noxe Tuerdng (段事) with stright-forard words anyhedy oold undertand nn the farm. 2. Roy told hix sorrowfal 3. The two leader. (t) o airergthen the hands betwren the tmeo eoumrie .the girl frum Lnndon decided to srien another two days nthe larm.(过去分词短语作秋语) 4. fo everwme'o exstemenr. the (王室的) family will comr to see the final of Eurpe's 5. The litle girl felr a lile eros om the stige as so many prople were looking at ber Chamgion's Leagur. →The litle girl felt n little nervoas on the stage 5. After pegotiating for three davs. the nremier stated that all foreign foroes woold () .(with复合结构) as snon as the srisis nded 6. Three days after the merehants set ssil.we asw a grent fleet of armall boats in the [能力提升练 )mlling townrel us. 1.阅读理 7. We switehed the channel on se which tear finished the season it the top af the 8. The ngreement srrengthened the (关) hetrween the two coantrieswhich is heneficial to Depths of our Eartl hold great wonders. Below we cxplore four deepest plarex on Earth all the merchrnts. Veryovkina Cave. Gieorgin ll单句法填空 ts enrnnee is located 2.285 meters ahove sea level. In 2o1g. scientiMs reached its hottom at 1. We sre workitng the command ol the mannger thas no expense be spsred to nakt 212 meters down. They saueezd through tiny openings to gee frum one cave to another. Rockfall the conferente asucres. anl foods wsited secrealy at every tarn, Seimtits could devlo_ new mdieins from mieroorganixm 2. The reason whr the three hogs heoone good friends is that they all hxe a sinn itir. fond in erve samples. Caves also reeord ancient life and past elimates a. Whes they lookel sp.thry (hehnld) a nice rminbow in. the sky. The Mariana Trench. the Pacific Oeean 4. The phoo ( withdrawi Irom the Irteeret was bout the aecident The Mnriana Trenrh, with the mnximum dejah ol 11.o3t meters. is the deepest part af 5. As I see it. the aim ol the confermre is (aromnte) internstioml friendshij. Earth's surlace. Pressure there is inrolerslle, hu! ereaturs like sea cucumhers(海多) still exist 5. We ought to tske meaaares to provile nm textend) of unemploymeu: hmelits. Scirntists exploring it ean gain deeper insights intn bor plates move and why earhquakes and 7. ln fact, up to so% of your eommunieation can he descrihed as a form of olranes orrt. tnegotiate). The Deal Sea. the Middle Fast 8. I had learned masic for ren years. which provided the (fomd) for my musie career The Desl Sea is the louest point on lnl at ahout 1,4oo feet ahout Aoo meters) helow en D. The agreement pawd the way for the estab&elament of the boeds thn wo comtrits. level. Jr's nearly ten tines saltier than ocean water, so yoa lirerally can't sink in the Dead Sea! to. We ahold anmre time to rake exrrcise regulnrly the benefit nl ui. Scientists think it could gn dry in s few decades. Despite its name, the Dead Sea holds lile. A few lI.一句多/句试升 kinds of algae (类)and bseteria love its salty wxter. 1.为了维持关系,地们发国了虚功交流的能力. Lake Hailal. Rusin ①Ther developed the philit to eommunicate surcessfull At the depth of t.6a? meters, Lake Baakal ls the deepest inland body of water. The Baiknl seal relatioeships.(目的i语) is the only known seal that lives in this world's deepst freshwarer lake, Scientists study the lke no 2 oaly for the solid atulf benath it that rerurds climate history hut hecsase it's in a zone where a plar 5. Huw was the roxearrh pindurtud? is apliting apart. causing earthnuakes. A. Br doing flield investigation B. By roserrehing prwious studies. 1. What do we know ahou: Veryorkini Cave C. uhserving the dily colr of the akes. D. Hy analezing long-term satellite dalt A. Ir was discowered in 2olr B. Its pressure is far from hearable. 6. Which word best describes O'Reilly's attirule to the eolor change? A. Tiouhaful. C. Unenrerned. B. Ohjeciir. C. hi is risky to explore. D. Irs samples are of lirrle practienl valoe D. Hsoarable. 2. Where shnuld scientists gn to better know earth mowment? 7. What's the author's urposr in writing the text? A. To oll on people to proteet lakes. A. Georgin 8. Russin B. Rassio 8. the Porific Ohoean. B. To introdace n new reserrch metbod. C. Georgio t. the Pacifke Oecan C. To jresent the outcame of a researeh. D. The Middle Easr B. Rassia. D. To jrovide solutioins to lakes' eulnr change. 3. What do the four places have in ommon? I.七选五 B. Ther are ver i thoasnnd mrters deep A. They hrve some sign of life. The Whale's Vayage C. They are rsulss of elirmaie changg D. They are. all belorw ss levtd. Strange as it may seem, modern whales' ancestors didn't always live in the water. B 1 Scicntists have disoorered nw deamils abour their ancestors and dose relatives. In n ghobsl report of lnke eolori rsearehers stimatr thst roughly one-third of Earth's lakes are The journey hale male froen lnnd tn water hegan ahoat 5o million years ago, The dinoaur bue. Hut. thoald average -unner air temneratures rose hy n few degreer. some of those clear waters had slready disavpesred. ? The mummals (i ) were warm hlooded. Ther hod for oe hal coul tur a clondy zreen or hrown, the Larn reports in the Segt. 28 Geaph ysioai Rorearh Leriers. o keep them warm, and they produced malk to nurse their youg. The changing oolors could change how people use those waters nnd offer elues ahout th Some of these ancient mammals began to wander alnng muddy shores and explore the wster. stability of lake ecosystems Compared with blue lakes. grien or brown lakes have nnre algae ( They mere srolably srarehing for food. 3 Over time their hodien grsduly adajted to an anunfke 类)and oranis matter. savs XuoYing.a hvtrologist (文卡家)at Southern Methodis (水生 的)lifei Aru thaned into flinner (状 loc legs got smaller od evctull University. disappeared. About 10 millon years later. several species of these mammals had become full Lakes in places with avernge aummer air temperatures that were beloe tsC were mare likely ntuatic. be blme than lakes with wxrmer ummers, That': becauxe waraer water helps algne bloom more. 4 For essmplr, they wmained warmblooded. unlke fsh. But they dereloped other whieh changes the ruperties af the waiur. features well suited to soa life. They lost most of thair hair, which made their hodies more Yamg and eollengux ued aaellilr phonss fron 2ol ao 2ozo ta analvre the eolor ol more thaa strenmlined线 的) for swimming. They continued to breathe oxyes from the nir. jusr like land 85.ooo lakes around the world. Becse starma and seasons can temnporsrily alfeet a lke's eolor. th animals. Bes their notrils( L) grndunlly mowed torard the top of the hesd. becoming bowholes researrhers fncusel on the most freaent eolor oheerwd Inr ach ake over the seven-year period. The (唯本). researchers nlso created an interactive oaline msp that can be used to explore the colors of thes Fossils provided dues to the whales' pas. The secret was lodlted in the shulls of their four lkes. The approach issuper cool".the researchers suy. These satellite datn nre just so powrerful" legged ancestors, Seientisrs found fenures similar to those of modern whales. Exmiming early whales rrealed another duc. 5 Bt their aaklebenes (厚 ) ere li If some lakes do become less blue. people will probably lose some of the resourrees they hnve tos: af tolny's twortned hoofed(有跳的) mammaln-heep, omel, drr. pigs, anl hippos. come to value. OrReilly sys. who is an eeologist at Ilinois Srate Laiversity. Lakes are often sed To detrrmine which ol the hoofed mammals are most elosely related to whales, sientisrs alsu for drinking water, food or recreation, If the water has more algae. it coold he unappraling for play examined their DNA. Seientists soon found whale's nearest relative: the hippo! or more eostly to lean for drisking. Bort the eolor changes woulln't necessarily mean that the lake A. Their smrstors lired on and. are any less henlthy."Humans don't valae lots of algae in a lake, hut if you're a rertain type of fish B. Br many nciort mmmals rvwl thr extinetion spsies. you might he like this i grea'".OrReilly says C. The whale hreathed in the same way ns mammals 4. What ean we lenrn ahout the lake' volor thangr acrrding to the text? D. These whales had tiny legs. too small eo be uselul fnr walking A. 1r is caused hy water sollutiot. E. Ae io what cmd the extiretion, opinions were divided amomg seientitts. B. 1t does harm to thy grorth of algai. F. The nowly artie mmmals kept some harcrrixies from their anoestorx' lres on land C. It rxults frem the temperature inrr. G. The ability to fied new kinds of food in the water or live in a new environment gave these land D. It can disturh the stability uf lake ecosystems. animslt sn ndvmntage.13.C 解析:根据空后“inhand”及前文作者给小女孩水瓶可知,小女 3.A 解析:细节理解题。根据Veryovkina Cave,Georgia部分中 孩手里拿着水瓶。 “Scientists could develop new medicines from microorganisms 14. B 解析:后文“this litle act of kindness”中“act”原词再现。 found in cave samples.":The Mariana Trench, the Pacific Ocean 部 15.C 解析:根据前文可知,作者眼小女孩并不认识,因此对于小女 分 中“Pressure there is intolerable, but creatures like sea 孩来说,作者是一位陌生人。 cucumbers(海参) still exist.";The Dead Sea, the Middle East 部分 III.读后续写 中“A few kinds of algae(藻 类) and bacteria love its salty water.' One possible version 以及Lake Baikal, Russia 部分中“The Baikal seal is the only knowr We set out on the trail that led further into the darh cloud forest seal that lives in this world's deepest freshwater lake."可知,这四 It was extremely beautiful, After about thirty minutes of walking and 个地方都有生命迹象。 taking pictures of the beautiful mountainside, we were in a large open B space full of tourists that looked out over the volcano's crater. We [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,文章主要向人们介绍了一项研究 managed to move our way to the railing for a good view. So far, the 的结果:在一份关于湖泊颜色的全球报告中,研究人员估计地球上大 scenery had been wonderful and the road had been mostly flat. My 约三分之一的湖泊是蓝色的。 mom and I were both feeling pretty good. I was truly hoping that 4.C 解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中“But,shouldaverage Mom could feel good enough to go on the longer loop. summer air temperatures rise by a few degrees, some of those clea Gradually both of us realized the road got steeper and steeper. waters couldturn a cloudygreen orbrown”可知,湖水颜色的改变 Soon, the path was so uphill that tourists had to hold onto the railing 是由于海水温度的升高。 for balance."Maybe we need to take a break,"I said, breathing 5.D 解析;细节理解题。根据第四段中“Yang andcolleagues used heavily. My mom agreed, pulling over to the side of the steep trail. satellite photos from 2o13 to 2o2o to analyze the color of more thar After a lot of stops and starts, we finally reached the parking lot 85,ooo lakes around the world. Because storms and seasons car "The long trail wasn't so bad, eh?" the guide asked with a cheerful temporarily affect a lake's color, the researchers focused on the smile,"You just have to know that keep going when it gets a little most frequent color observed for each lake over the seven-yea tough." period. The researchers also created an interactive online map that can be used to explore the colors of these lakes."可知,在研究中, UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION 研究人员通过分析长达七年的卫星照片,进而得出了研究结果。 6.B 解析:观点态度题。根据最后一段“If some lakesdobecom 课时练(1) Reading and Thinking less blue, people will probably lose some of the resources they have [基础巩固练] come to value, O'Reilly says, who is an ecologist at Ilinois State I.单词拼写 University. Lakes are often used for drinking water, food or 1. extend 2. tale 3. negotiated 4. royal 5. withdraw 6. channel recreation. If the water has more algae, it could be unapnealing fo play or more costly to clean for drinking. But the color change 7. league 8. bonds II.单句语法填空 wouldn't necessarily mean that the lakes are any less healthy 1. under 2. for 3. beheld 4. withdrawn 5. to promote *Humans don't value lots of algae in a lake, but if you're a certair type of fish species, you might be like "this is great"', O'Reilly 6. extension 7. negotiation 8. foundation 9. between 10. for says.”可知,在奥莱利看来,湖泊颜色的变化未必就是一种灾难, III.一句多译/句式升级 要视情况而言。所以对于湖水颜色的变化,奥莱利的态度是客 1. ①in order to maintain ②in order that they could maintain 观的。 7.C 解析:目的意图题。结合第一段“Inaglobal reportof lake 2. ①the place (that/which) color, researchers estimate that roughly one-third of Earth's lake ②what we now call are blue. But, should average summer air temperatures rise by 3. Although wealthy few degrees, some of those clear waters could turn a cloudy greer 4. Attracted by the beauty of nature or brown, the Learn reports in the Sept. 28 Geoph ysical Research 5. with so many people looking at her Letters.”可知,文章主要向人们介绍了一项研究的结果。 [能力提升练] II.七选五 I.阅读理解 [语篇解读了 本文是一篇说明文。科学家们通过一系列的研究发现 鲸鱼的近亲是河马。鲸鱼从陆地向海洋迁徙的过程可以追潮到五千 [语篇解读] 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上最深的四个 万年前。在恐龙灭绝后,有些远古时代的嘴孔动物幸存了下来,并且 地方。 开始了漫长的进化之旅。在海洋中生存的鲸鱼仍然保有着他们祖先 1.C 解析:细节理解题。根据Veryovkina Cave,Georgia部分中 的一些特征。 “Rockfalls and floods waited secretly at every turn."可知,探索 1.A 解析:根据上文“Strange as it may seem,modernwhales Veryovkina洞穴很危险。 ancestors didn't always live in the water.”可知,选项承接上文说明 2. B 解析:细节理解题,根据The Mariana Trench,the Pacific Ocean 它们的祖先生活在哪里,故A选项“它们的祖先生活在陆地上。' 部分中"Scientists exploring it can gain deeper insights into how 切题。 plates move and why earthquakes and volcanoes occur.”以及 Lake 2. B 解析;根据上文“The dinosaurs had already disappeared."和下 Baikal, Russia 部 分中“Scientists study the lake not only for the 文“The mammals(喻孔动物)were warm-blooded. Theyhad fur solid stuff beneath it that records climate history but because it's in or hair to keep them warm, and they produced milk to nurse their a zone where a plate is splitting apart, causing earthquakes."可知, young.”可知,尽管恐龙灭绝了,但是很多的嘴孔动物活了下来。 要想更好地了解地壳运动,科学家们可以去马里亚纳海沟和贝加 故B选项“但许多古代哺孔动物在灭绝后幸存下来。”切题,承上 尔湖,即太平详和俊罗斯。 启下。 .11· 3. G 解析:根 据上文“Some of these ancient mammals began to 1. C 解析:根据后文“As he tried to help himself be free, the shark wander along muddy shores and explore the water. They were 3 harder, shaking its head back and forth and 4 Mike probably searching for food.”可知,选项承接上文说明寻找食物给 around like a toy.”可知,整鱼用牙叹住Mike的小腿,sink one's 动物带来了好处。故G选项“在水中找到新的食物或生活在新的 teeth into...意为“使某人的牙齿陷(咬)进......”. 环境中的能力给了这些陆地动物一个优势。”切题。 2. C 解析;根据后文“no noise,no splashing(水花),and Mike felt 4. F 解析:根据下文“For example, they remained warm-blooded, nopain”可知,没有声音,没有水花,说明没有迹象。 unlikefish.”可知,选项承接下文说明了这些新的水生喻孔动物保 3. B 解析:根据前文“a large shark came right up under Mike and 留了它们祖先在陆地上生活的一些特征。故F选项“这些新的水 1 his teeth into Mike's lower leg”可知,鱼叹住他的小腿,他 生孔动物保留了它们祖先在陆地上生活的一些特征,”切题。 5. D 解析:根 据上文“Examining early whales revealed another 挣脱时,滥鱼咬得更寝。 4. B 解析:根据常识和前文“shaking its headbackandforth”可知 clue.”和下文“But their anklebones(课 骨)were like those of 鱼咬着他来回摇头,把他扔过来扔过去。 today's two-toed hoofed(有蹄 的) mammals-sheep,camels, 5.D 解析:根据语境、常识和后文“He hit the shark in the face. deer,pigs,andhippos.”可知,选项承接上下文说明鲸鱼展的特 点,故D选项“这些鲸鱼的腿很小,无法行走。”切题。 againandagain”可知,Mike处于危险,是自然(随心)反击。 6. B 解析:根据语境和前文“He hit the shark in the face,again and 课时练(2) Learning About Language again”可知,Mike处于危险,击打蜜鱼一直到鳌鱼松开为止。 [基础巩固练] 7.A 解析:根据文章第一句中“Mike Coots lost his right leg”可知 窒鱼咬了Mike的右腿。 I.单句语法填空 1. to purchase 2. to be held 3. to classify 4. To help 5. to absorb 8.A 解析:根据语境和后文“his aid immediately”可知,Mike处于危 6. to make 7. to cross 8. to have gone 9. to cheer 10. to catch 险中,朋友冲过来营救。 II.句型转换(用不定式改写) 9. C 解析:根据后文“Mike was given the OK by his doctors, he did 1. to be writing 2. to be made 3. to have been 4. to be conducted what many of us might consider 1o : he started riding the II,完成句子 wavesagain”可知,是在医生准许的时候,他又开始冲浪了。 1. to be studying hard 10.D 解析:根据语境和后文“he started riding the waves again”可 2. only to find his house were in ruins 知,他又开始冲浪了,这是很多人预想不到的事。 3. to be completed next year 11. C 解析:根据后文“he was curious-why was he attacked?His 4. to have gone wrong with it 12 led him to research sharks."可知,Mike被整鱼咬掉小腮, 5. to express an idea 既没有恐惧,也没有痛恨,反倒好奇地研究起篮鱼来了 [能力提升练] 12. B 解析:根据前文“he was curious-why was he attacked?"可 I.阅读理解 知,是他的好奇心促使他研究鳌鱼。 [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明海豹也是有个性 13. B 解析:根据后文“He began working with the government to 的,而海豹的个性差异会影响后代繁衍。文章介绍了这一研究开展 helppassabanonsharkproducts.”可知,他的处境使他有能力为 的过程以及研究取得的一些发现 保护鱼而发声。 1.D 解析:目的意图题。根据第一段中“Female seals don't change 14.A 解析:根据后文“Asaphotographer”可知,摄影已经成为他的 their spots, according to a new study by University of Alberta 工作,他成了摄影师。 biologists. In fact, individual differences in boldness remain 15. D 解析:根 据前文“He began working with the government to consistent over time, The study is among the first to examine help pass abanon sharkproducts.”可知,Mike呼吁保护壁鱼,所 boldness in wild marine mammals in the field of animal 以他用照片说明鱼为什么是重要的。 personality.”可知,研究的目的是了解海洋野生哨孔动物的个性 II.语法填空 差异。 [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了鲸鱼长期以来面临灭 2.C 解析:推理判断题。根据第三段中“During the breeding 绝的主要原因,以及国际组织对这一问题的重视。 season, we saw that females tend to behave consistently, not only 1.to 解析:考查介词,句意:首先,由于温室效应,冰川正在融化,南 between years, but also within the lactation period of a given year" 极和北极的一些生物正面临灭绝的危险。dueto是固定搭配,意 以 及“This provides an example of animal personality, with 为“因为,由于”。 consistent individual differences observed over time."可推知,海莉 的勇敢性保持不变。 2.extinction 解析:考查名词。句意见上题解析。介词后接名词 3.A 解析:推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“·Onaverage,we extinction,作宾语,是不可数名词。 found that bolder females stop feeding those that are two kilograms 3.constantly解析:考查副词。句意:此外,随着全球变暖越来越严 heavier, compared with the shyest females, improving their 重,海详的其他部分的生命也不断受到影响,包括鲸鱼。修饰动词 chances of surviving the first year of life,'said Bubac."可知, affect应用副词constantly,作状语. ChristiBubac可能会同意A选项“大胆的罐海豹会根据宝宝的体 4.Regarding 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:把鲸鱼当作赚钱的机 重调整嘴孔时间。”的说法。 器,这就是为什么有些人的捕鲸行为不能轻易被制止的愿因。此 4.B 解析:文章出处题。根据第一段中“Female seals don't change 处作主语,应用动名词形式,句首单词首字母大写。 their spots, according to a new study by University of Alberta 5.bestopped 解析:考查动词的语态。句意见上题解析。stop与 biologists.”以及通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了海豹的个性差异 some people'swhaling构成被动关系,且can't后跟动词原形。 以及对后代的繁行,属于研究报告,最可能出现在杂志上。 6.the 解析:考查冠词。句意:更重要的是,一些国家仍然以科学的 II.完形填空 名义捕鲸。inthenameof是固定短语,意为“以......的名义”。 [语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了MikeCoots在冲浪时 7.that 解析:考查同位语从句。句意:鲸已成为危动物的事实使 被虎室夺去了右腿,康复之后,又开始冲浪,并且对鱼进行研究,并 我们感到震惊。说明fact的内容,引导同位语从句,从句不缺少成 呼吁保护盗鱼的故事。 分,句意完整,故用that。 ·12·