Unit2 Section Ⅴ Extended reading-（课件PPT+Word教案）【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选修第三册教师用书（译林版2020）

Section Ⅴ Extended reading Thinking out of the box Unit 2 Part 1　课文整体理解 Part 2　长句难句分析 Part 3　基础知识达标 整体理解 课文 3 Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the passage? A.The function of eyeglasses. B.The impact of eyeglasses. C.The origin of eyeglasses. D.How eyeglasses were invented. √ Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Introduction Paras. 1-2: Eyeglasses are 1.______________________ _______________for human beings. Paras. 3-8: The 2._________________________ of eyeglasses. Para. 9: All in all, eyeglasses are 3.________________. a great invention Main Body Conclusion an important breakthrough invention and development Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1.What’s the meaning of the word “tackle” in the third paragraph? A.Get rid of. B.Deal with. C.Meet with. D.Catch up with. √ 2.What can we see from the passage? A.To tackle the vision problem is a piece of cake. B.Magnifying glasses were made about three thousand years ago. C.The inventor of mounting lenses in frames is still a mystery. D.Corrective lenses first came into being in 1280. √ 3.What drove the demand for reading glasses in the 15th century? A.The invention of printing press. B.The popularity of spectacles. C.The eagerness to become fashionable. D.The relatively cheap glasses. √ 4.What’s the writer’s attitude to smart glasses? A.Fearful. B.Disapproving. C.Subjective. D.Objective. √ Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 Following modern electronics，penicillin，electricity and the printing press，eyeglasses have become the 1. (great) breakthrough since the 2. (invent) of the wheel.About 2,000 years ago，people began making magnifying glasses,3. were probably the first simple corrective lenses.Due to 4. (vary) reasons，spectacles soon became fashionable.Specially in the 15th century，the printing press 5._______ (drive) the demand for reading glasses.To get the lenses to stay comfortably on the face，people made many attempts by trial 6. error. greatest invention which various drove and These days，technology has made spectacles 7._____________(comfort). 8. (face) with the ethical dilemma 9. (pose) by the development of smart glasses，we’ll have to wait and see if smart glasses would follow the same path 10. regular glasses. comfortable Faced posed as 返 回 难句分析 长句 12 1.When a magazine posed this question to a panel of experts，_________ (include) scientists，entrepreneurs，engineers and historians，eyeglasses came in behind only modern electronics，penicillin，electricity and the printing press.(P25；Para.1) 结构分析：此句是 句。其中When引导 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 including 复合 当一本杂志向包括科学家、企业家、工程师和历史学家在内的一个专家小组提出这个问题时，答案是眼镜，仅次于印刷机、电力、青霉素和现代电子产品。 时间状语 2.As anyone who needs corrective lenses will tell you，being able to see clearly is (huge) important，whether you’re trying to put together a set of building blocks or read your favourite book.(P25；Para.2) 结构分析：此句是 句。As引导 从句，意为“ ”，在此从句中who引导 从句，且在从句中作 ；主句的主语为_______ _________________，是 作主语，whether...or...引导 从句，意为“ ”。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 任何一个需要矫正镜片的人都会告诉你，能看得清楚是极其重要的，无论你是正试着组装一套积木还是阅读你最喜欢的书。 hugely 复合 定语 正如 定语 主语 being able to see clearly 动名词 让步状语 无论……还是…… 3.No one knows who came up with the technology of shaping glass to bring images into better focus，or mounting lenses in frames could go in front of your face.(P25；Para.4) 结构分析：此句是 句。who引导 从句，且在从句中作 ；to bring images into better focus为不定式短语作 状语。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 没有人知道是谁发明了使图像变得更清晰的玻璃塑形技术，或是把镜片嵌入能够戴在你脸上的镜框中的技术。 that 复合 宾语 主语 目的 4.Although we don’t know exactly to thank，it is pretty much agreed that corrective lenses first appeared in Italy in the 1280s.(P25；Para.4) 结构分析：此句是 句。Although引导 从句；主句为____ __________________________________，it作 ，真正的主语为that引导的从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 虽然我们不知道到底该感谢谁，但人们普遍认为，矫正镜片最早出现在13世纪80年代的意大利。 whom 复合 让步状语 pretty much agreed that...in the 1280s it is 形式主语 5.In the 15th century，the printing press was invented，making books plentiful and (relative) inexpensive.(P25；Para.5) 结构分析：此句是 句。In the 15th century在句中作 ，making...为现在分词短语作 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 到了15世纪，印刷机发明问世，使得书籍大量出现且相对 便宜。 relatively 简单 时间状语 结果状语 6.While the quality of the lenses was improving rapidly，getting them ________(stay) comfortably on the face was a great challenge.(P25；Para.5) 结构分析：此句是 句。While引导 从句，主句中主语为___________________，为 作主语。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 虽然镜片的质量在迅速提高，但让眼镜舒舒服服地戴在脸上可是一个巨大的挑战。 to stay 复合 让步状语 getting...on the face 动名词 7.Some people used threads or wires (hook) their glasses to their hats so that they dangled just in front of the eyes.(P26；Para.6) 结构分析：此句是 句。so that引导 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 有人用线或金属丝把眼镜钩在他们的帽子上，这样眼镜正好就挂在了眼前。 to hook 主从复合 目的状语 8.It’s hard to imagine why it took so long (design) spectacles with arm pieces that could clip behind the ears，but these weren’t invented until the 18th century.(P26；Para.7) 结构分析：此句是but连接的 句。第一个分句中，It作 ，真正的主语是 ；why引导 从句；that引导 从句，修饰 。第二个分句含有not...until...结构，意为“________ _____________”。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 很难想象人们为什么花了这么长时间才设计出可以别在耳朵后面、带有镜腿的眼镜，然而这种眼镜直到18世纪才发明出来。 to design 并列 形式主语 to imagine... 宾语 定语 arm pieces ……才…… 直到 9. (unfortunate)，now that we’ve tackled the technological problem of helping people see clearly，we face an ethical dilemma posed by the development of smart glasses，which are wearable computers in essence.(P26；Para.8) 结构分析：此句是 句。now that引导 从句；posed by...为过去分词短语在句中作 ；which引导 从句，并在从句中作 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 遗憾的是，现在我们已经解决了帮助人们看清楚的技术问题，但我们仍面临着智能眼镜的发展所带来的一个伦理困境。智能眼镜本质上是可穿戴计算机。 Unfortunately 复合 原因状语 后置定语 非限制性定语 主语 10. (look) like a pair of ordinary glasses，smart glasses make it possible for the wearer to use the Web and make videos of everything they see.(P26；Para.8) 结构分析：此句是 句。在主句主干中，it为 ，possible为 ，不定式短语to use...they see是 ；they see为_______从句，修饰 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 它看起来就像一副普通眼镜，但它可以让佩戴者使用网络，并将其看到的一切拍摄下来。 Looking 复合 形式宾语 宾语补足语 真正的宾语 定语 everything 11.However，opponents of smart glasses believe that a device that allows its wearer (record) people without their knowledge，almost anywhere and anytime，is disturbing.(P26；Para.8) 结构分析：此句是 句。第一个that引导 从句；第二个that引导 从句，修饰 ；宾语从句中主句为 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 然而，反对智能眼镜的人们相信，这种设备让佩戴者在他人不知情的情况下，几乎随时随地地记录他人的行为，这是令人不安的。 to record 复合 宾语 定语 a device a device is disturbing 12.We’ll have to wait and see if smart glasses would follow the same path ____regular glasses，or in other words，if their usefulness would outweigh potential problems.(P26；Para.9) 结构分析：此句是 句。主句为 ，两个if都引导 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 我们只能拭目以待，看看智能眼镜是否会遵循与普通眼镜相同的道路，或者换句话说，它的作用是否会超过潜在的问题。 as 复合 We’ll have to wait and see 宾语 13.Meanwhile，those of us who need corrective lenses to read about the controversy should be grateful that anonymous Italian glassmaker who first invented ordinary old spectacles.(P26；Para.9) 结构分析：此句是 句。主句为________________________________ ______________________________；第一个who引导 从句，修饰____________；第二个who引导 从句，修饰___________________ ___________________。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 与此同时，我们这些需要矫正镜片来阅读这一争议的人都应该感谢那位第一个发明了普通老式眼镜的不知名的意大利玻璃匠人。 to 复合 those of us should be grateful to that anonymous Italian glassmaker 定语 those of us 定语 Italian glassmaker that anonymous Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 独立成分作状语 Considering that many people in the world suffer from poor vision，you may think that the great minds of history would have quickly come together to tackle the problem.(P25；Para.3) 考虑到世界上许多人都受到视力不佳的困扰，你可能觉得历史上的智者们会迅速联手解决这个问题。 结构分析： 此句是复合句。句中Considering that...为独立成分作状语；第二个that引导宾语从句，从句中to tackle the problem为不定式作目的状语。 句中Considering that...为独立成分作状语，没有逻辑主语。常见的独立成分作状语的还有： given that考虑到，鉴于 supposing (that)假设；如果 assuming (that)假使 judging by/from...从……来看；依据……来判断 (1)(读后续写之动作描写)考虑到没人能帮助他抗击凶猛的狼，他立刻跳下自行车，紧紧抓起自行车，用尽全力把它扔向狼，尽力把它吓跑。 _______________________________________________________________ ___________，he instantly got off the bike，seized the bike tightly and threw it towards the wolf with all his strength，trying to frighten it away. (2)如果他没有准时到场，你将怎样应对这个局面呢？ ，how will you deal with the situation? Considering/Given that there was nobody to help him fight against the fierce wolf Assuming/Supposing (that) he doesn’t turn up on time 课文重点词块默写 1.取得突破 ___________________ 2.向……提出一个问题 __________________ 3.不同意 ______________ 4.在……最前面(或最重要)的位置 __________ 5.试着继续阅读 __________________ 6.把……组装起来 _____________ 7.一套 _______ 8.忍受，遭受；患……病 ___________ make breakthroughs pose a question to... disagree with in front of try to keep reading put...together a set of suffer from 9.解决问题 __________________________ 10.提出，想出 ____________ 11.使图像变得更清晰 __________________________ 12.更可能的是 __________ 13.反复试验；不断摸索 _____________ 14.受欢迎，流行起来，变得时髦 ________ 15.看起来更聪明或者更精致 ________________________________ 16.泄露；赠送 __________ 17.推动了对……的需求 ___________________ tackle/overcome the problem come up with bring images into better focus most likely trial and error catch on look more intelligent or sophisticated give away drive the demand for 18.尝试做某事 ______________________ 19.阻止…… ____________ 20.把……贴在……上 ___________ 21.本质上 __________ 22.习惯于 _______________ 23.换句话说 ______________ 24.对……充满感激 _______________ make attempts to do sth keep...from... attach...to... in essence become used to in other words be grateful to... 返 回 知识达标 基础 32 1.为了提高老年人的生活质量，老年人的智能机器人有各种各样的功能。(不定式作目的状语) ，the intelligent robot for the elderly can perform various functions. 2.它能陪伴他们，在孩子们不在的时候跟他们聊天，减轻他们孤独感，这样老年人跟它在一起会很开心。(so that引导目的状语从句) It can keep them company and ease their loneliness by chatting in offspring’s absence， . 单句写作(课文佳句仿写) To promote life quality for the elderly so that the elderly will feel happy with it 33 3.它也能够给孩子们提供及时的反馈，因此确保老年人生活的安全，减轻孩子们的担忧。(现在分词作结果状语) It is also able to provide timely feedback to children，thus ____________ ______________________________________________________. 4.这个配备了支持性辅助设备的机器人有能力应对老年人可能会遇到的紧急情况。(过去分词作后置定语) _____________________________________________________________ ____________the elderly may encounter. ensuring the This robot equipped with supportive aids is qualified to deal with emergencies safety of the old people’s life and relieving children’s concern 5.我希望老年人能在我的机器人的帮助下得到更好地照顾。(it作形式主语) with the help of my robots. It is my hope that the elderly could be better taken care of 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Good morning，everyone! Having participated in the Technological Innovation Design Competition，I am considerably privileged to introduce my design to you. To promote life quality for the elderly，the intelligent robot for the elderly can perform various functions.It can keep them company and ease their loneliness by chatting in offspring’s absence，so that the elderly will feel happy with it.It is also able to provide timely feedback to children， ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ thus ensuring the safety of the old people’s life and relieving children’s concern. Additionally，this robot equipped with supportive aids is qualified to deal with emergencies the elderly may encounter and send alerts to relevant departments when necessary. It is my hope that the elderly could be better taken care of with the help of my robots and that more attention could be paid to the issues and challenges facing them. Thank you for listening! 返 回 本课结束 $$ Section Ⅴ　Extended reading Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the passage? A．The function of eyeglasses. B．The impact of eyeglasses. C．The origin of eyeglasses. D．How eyeglasses were invented. 答案　D Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．What’s the meaning of the word “tackle” in the third paragraph? A．Get rid of. B．Deal with. C．Meet with. D．Catch up with. 答案　B 2．What can we see from the passage? A．To tackle the vision problem is a piece of cake. B．Magnifying glasses were made about three thousand years ago. C．The inventor of mounting lenses in frames is still a mystery. D．Corrective lenses first came into being in 1280. 答案　C 3．What drove the demand for reading glasses in the 15th century? A．The invention of printing press. B．The popularity of spectacles. C．The eagerness to become fashionable. D．The relatively cheap glasses. 答案　A 4．What’s the writer’s attitude to smart glasses? A．Fearful. B．Disapproving. C．Subjective. D．Objective. 答案　D Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 Following modern electronics，penicillin，electricity and the printing press，eyeglasses have become the 1.greatest(great) breakthrough since the 2.invention(invent) of the wheel.About 2,000 years ago，people began making magnifying glasses,3.which were probably the first simple corrective lenses.Due to 4.various(vary) reasons，spectacles soon became fashionable.Specially in the 15th century，the printing press 5.drove(drive) the demand for reading glasses.To get the lenses to stay comfortably on the face，people made many attempts by trial 6.and error.These days，technology has made spectacles 7.comfortable(comfort).8.Faced(face) with the ethical dilemma 9.posed(pose) by the development of smart glasses，we’ll have to wait and see if smart glasses would follow the same path 10.as regular glasses. Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．When a magazine posed this question to a panel of experts，including(include) scientists，entrepreneurs，engineers and historians，eyeglasses came in behind only modern electronics，penicillin，electricity and the printing press.(P25；Para.1) 结构分析：此句是复合句。其中When引导时间状语从句。 汉语翻译：当一本杂志向包括科学家、企业家、工程师和历史学家在内的一个专家小组提出这个问题时，答案是眼镜，仅次于印刷机、电力、青霉素和现代电子产品。 2．As anyone who needs corrective lenses will tell you，being able to see clearly is hugely(huge) important，whether you’re trying to put together a set of building blocks or read your favourite book.(P25；Para.2) 结构分析：此句是复合句。As引导定语从句，意为“正如”，在此从句中who引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语；主句的主语为being able to see clearly，是动名词作主语，whether...or...引导让步状语从句，意为“无论……还是……”。 汉语翻译：任何一个需要矫正镜片的人都会告诉你，能看得清楚是极其重要的，无论你是正试着组装一套积木还是阅读你最喜欢的书。 3．No one knows who came up with the technology of shaping glass to bring images into better focus，or mounting lenses in frames that could go in front of your face.(P25；Para.4) 结构分析：此句是复合句。who引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语；to bring images into better focus为不定式短语作目的状语。 汉语翻译：没有人知道是谁发明了使图像变得更清晰的玻璃塑形技术，或是把镜片嵌入能够戴在你脸上的镜框中的技术。 4．Although we don’t know exactly whom to thank，it is pretty much agreed that corrective lenses first appeared in Italy in the 1280s.(P25；Para.4) 结构分析：此句是复合句。Although引导让步状语从句；主句为it is pretty much agreed that...in the 1280s，it作形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句。 汉语翻译：虽然我们不知道到底该感谢谁，但人们普遍认为，矫正镜片最早出现在13世纪80年代的意大利。 5．In the 15th century，the printing press was invented，making books plentiful and relatively(relative) inexpensive.(P25；Para.5) 结构分析：此句是简单句。In the 15th century在句中作时间状语，making...为现在分词短语作结果状语。 汉语翻译：到了15世纪，印刷机发明问世，使得书籍大量出现且相对便宜。 6．While the quality of the lenses was improving rapidly，getting them to stay(stay) comfortably on the face was a great challenge.(P25；Para.5) 结构分析：此句是复合句。While引导让步状语从句，主句中主语为getting...on the face，为动名词作主语。 汉语翻译：虽然镜片的质量在迅速提高，但让眼镜舒舒服服地戴在脸上可是一个巨大的挑战。 7．Some people used threads or wires to hook(hook) their glasses to their hats so that they dangled just in front of the eyes.(P26；Para.6) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。so that引导目的状语从句。 汉语翻译：有人用线或金属丝把眼镜钩在他们的帽子上，这样眼镜正好就挂在了眼前。 8．It’s hard to imagine why it took so long to design(design) spectacles with arm pieces that could clip behind the ears，but these weren’t invented until the 18th century.(P26；Para.7) 结构分析：此句是but连接的并列句。第一个分句中，It作形式主语，真正的主语是to imagine...；why引导宾语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰arm pieces。第二个分句含有not...until...结构，意为“直到……才……”。 汉语翻译：很难想象人们为什么花了这么长时间才设计出可以别在耳朵后面、带有镜腿的眼镜，然而这种眼镜直到18世纪才发明出来。 9．Unfortunately(unfortunate)，now that we’ve tackled the technological problem of helping people see clearly，we face an ethical dilemma posed by the development of smart glasses，which are wearable computers in essence.(P26；Para.8) 结构分析：此句是复合句。now that引导原因状语从句；posed by...为过去分词短语在句中作后置定语；which引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。 汉语翻译：遗憾的是，现在我们已经解决了帮助人们看清楚的技术问题，但我们仍面临着智能眼镜的发展所带来的一个伦理困境。智能眼镜本质上是可穿戴计算机。 10．Looking(look) like a pair of ordinary glasses，smart glasses make it possible for the wearer to use the Web and make videos of everything they see.(P26；Para.8) 结构分析：此句是复合句。在主句主干中，it为形式宾语，possible为宾语补足语，不定式短语to use...they see是真正的宾语；they see为定语从句，修饰everything。 汉语翻译：它看起来就像一副普通眼镜，但它可以让佩戴者使用网络，并将其看到的一切拍摄下来。 11．However，opponents of smart glasses believe that a device that allows its wearer to record(record) people without their knowledge，almost anywhere and anytime，is disturbing.(P26；Para.8) 结构分析：此句是复合句。第一个that引导宾语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰a device；宾语从句中主句为a device is disturbing。 汉语翻译：然而，反对智能眼镜的人们相信，这种设备让佩戴者在他人不知情的情况下，几乎随时随地地记录他人的行为，这是令人不安的。 12．We’ll have to wait and see if smart glasses would follow the same path as regular glasses，or in other words，if their usefulness would outweigh potential problems.(P26；Para.9) 结构分析：此句是复合句。主句为We’ll have to wait and see，两个if都引导宾语从句。 汉语翻译：我们只能拭目以待，看看智能眼镜是否会遵循与普通眼镜相同的道路，或者换句话说，它的作用是否会超过潜在的问题。 13．Meanwhile，those of us who need corrective lenses to read about the controversy should be grateful to that anonymous Italian glassmaker who first invented ordinary old spectacles.(P26；Para.9) 结构分析：此句是复合句。主句为those of us should be grateful to that anonymous Italian glassmaker；第一个who引导定语从句，修饰those of us；第二个who引导定语从句，修饰that anonymous Italian glassmaker。 汉语翻译：与此同时，我们这些需要矫正镜片来阅读这一争议的人都应该感谢那位第一个发明了普通老式眼镜的不知名的意大利玻璃匠人。 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 独立成分作状语 Considering that many people in the world suffer from poor vision，you may think that the great minds of history would have quickly come together to tackle the problem.(P25；Para.3) 考虑到世界上许多人都受到视力不佳的困扰，你可能觉得历史上的智者们会迅速联手解决这个问题。 结构分析： 此句是复合句。句中Considering that...为独立成分作状语；第二个that引导宾语从句，从句中to tackle the problem为不定式作目的状语。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————句中Considering that...为独立成分作状语，没有逻辑主语。常见的独立成分作状语的还有： given that考虑到，鉴于 supposing (that)假设；如果 assuming (that)假使 judging by/from...从……来看；依据……来判断 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— (1)(读后续写之动作描写)考虑到没人能帮助他抗击凶猛的狼，他立刻跳下自行车，紧紧抓起自行车，用尽全力把它扔向狼，尽力把它吓跑。 Considering/Given that there was nobody to help him fight against the fierce wolf，he instantly got off the bike，seized the bike tightly and threw it towards the wolf with all his strength，trying to frighten it away. (2)如果他没有准时到场，你将怎样应对这个局面呢？ Assuming/Supposing (that) he doesn’t turn up on time，how will you deal with the situation? 课文重点词块默写 1．取得突破make breakthroughs 2．向……提出一个问题pose a question to... 3．不同意disagree with 4．在……最前面(或最重要)的位置in front of 5．试着继续阅读try to keep reading 6．把……组装起来put...together 7．一套a set of 8．忍受，遭受；患……病suffer from 9．解决问题tackle/overcome the problem 10．提出，想出come up with 11．使图像变得更清晰bring images into better focus 12．更可能的是most likely 13．反复试验；不断摸索trial and error 14．受欢迎，流行起来，变得时髦catch on 15．看起来更聪明或者更精致look more intelligent or sophisticated 16．泄露；赠送give away 17．推动了对……的需求drive the demand for 18．尝试做某事make attempts to do sth 19．阻止……keep...from... 20．把……贴在……上attach...to... 21．本质上 in essence 22．习惯于become used to 23．换句话说in other words 24．对……充满感激be grateful to... 单句写作(课文佳句仿写) 1．为了提高老年人的生活质量，老年人的智能机器人有各种各样的功能。(不定式作目的状语) To promote life quality for the elderly，the intelligent robot for the elderly can perform various functions. 2．它能陪伴他们，在孩子们不在的时候跟他们聊天，减轻他们孤独感，这样老年人跟它在一起会很开心。(so that引导目的状语从句) It can keep them company and ease their loneliness by chatting in offspring’s absence，so that the elderly will feel happy with it. 3．它也能够给孩子们提供及时的反馈，因此确保老年人生活的安全，减轻孩子们的担忧。(现在分词作结果状语) It is also able to provide timely feedback to children，thus ensuring the safety of the old people’s life and relieving children’s concern. 4．这个配备了支持性辅助设备的机器人有能力应对老年人可能会遇到的紧急情况。(过去分词作后置定语) This robot equipped with supportive aids is qualified to deal with emergencies the elderly may encounter. 5．我希望老年人能在我的机器人的帮助下得到更好地照顾。(it作形式主语) It is my hope that the elderly could be better taken care of with the help of my robots. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 My Intelligent Robot for the Elderly Good morning，everyone! Having participated in the Technological Innovation Design Competition，I am considerably privileged to introduce my design to you. To promote life quality for the elderly，the intelligent robot for the elderly can perform various functions.It can keep them company and ease their loneliness by chatting in offspring’s absence，so that the elderly will feel happy with it.It is also able to provide timely feedback to children，thus ensuring the safety of the old people’s life and relieving children’s concern. Additionally，this robot equipped with supportive aids is qualified to deal with emergencies the elderly may encounter and send alerts to relevant departments when necessary. It is my hope that the elderly could be better taken care of with the help of my robots and that more attention could be paid to the issues and challenges facing them. Thank you for listening! 训练4　Extended reading [分值：35分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·山东淄博高三期末) Scientists have designed a tiny，shape-shifting “spider-robot” that can passively use its body as it navigates its environment.The robot is a pioneer that could one day perform surgery or hunt for survivors in a disaster zone，its inventors say. The robot，mCLARI，is 0.8 inch long，weighs less than 0.03 ounces and can scurry at a maximum speed of 2.4 inches per second，according to the research.The tiny robot is the smaller，faster successor to CLARI，which was designed by the same team.It also passively changes its shape in multiple dimensions to fit through gaps. “In the long term，we believe such robots to be effective at navigating through human bodies and performing automated surgery such as clearing blocks in blood or removing a tumor(肿瘤)．Because of the robot’s small size and the ability to change shape，we foresee applications of this technology in the following four major domains of socioeconomic importance，” Study lead author Kaushik Jayaram，a mechanical engineering professor at the University of Colorado，told Live Science in an email.These include disaster response，high-value possession inspection，environmental monitoring and precision medicine. With mCLARI，Jayaram’s team is inching closer to creating robots that can navigate complex environments—just like the organic creatures they’re inspired by.mCLARI robot has four leg modules that can move in two different dimensions.The robot can move in tight spaces by switching between running forward and side-to-side and can adopt multiple poses and rushing speeds.Its legs fasten to its body through passive joints，which enables mCLARI to alter its body shape based on the environment it encounters.For instance，its legs can stretch up to 50% in certain spaces. As follow-up work，the scientists want to give mCLARI more power and sensing ability.“We are also excited about understanding the effect of shape change on enhancing motion ability，” Jayaram said. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了科学家设计出了一款微型可变形“蜘蛛机器人”，这款机器人是有朝一日能够进行手术或在灾区寻找幸存者的机器人先驱。 1．Why does the author use numbers to describe mCLARI in paragraph 2? A．To illustrate its importance. B．To explain its high speed. C．To show its beautiful shape. D．To highlight its advancement. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句中的“0.8 inch long”“weighs less than 0.03 ounces”“at a maximum speed of 2.4 inches per second”可推知，使用这些数据是为了说明这款机器人体型小、重量轻、速度快，即强调其先进性。故选D。 2．What does the underlined word “scurry” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Move. B．Change. C．Transform. D．Leap. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“at a maximum speed of 2.4 inches per second”和下一句“The tiny robot is the smaller，faster successor to CLARI，which was designed by the same team.”可知，这个微型机器人速度更快，由此可推测出，这里是说它能以每秒最高达2.4英寸的速度快速移动。故画线词与move(移动)的意思最接近。故选A。 3．What application do the researchers predict about mCLARI? A．Replacing doctors. B．Helping out in surgery. C．Predicting natural disasters. D．Evaluating family property. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the long term，we believe such robots to be effective at navigating through human bodies and performing automated surgery such as clearing blocks in blood or removing a tumor(肿瘤)．”可知，研究人员预测这款机器人可以帮助进行手术。故选B。 4．What is the researchers’ attitude towards further studies? A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Positive. D．Dismissive. 答案　C 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，科学家们接下来想要使mCLARI具备更多的功率和传感能力，他们对于了解形状变化对运动能力增强的影响表示很激动。由此可推测出，他们对进一步的研究持积极乐观的态度。故选C。 B (2024·安徽一模) Power often boosts an employee’s creativity because being powerful liberates the individual from restrictions.However，new research shows that employees who are not in positions of power can become more creative when given time to “warm up” to a task by engaging in the creative task more than once. “This is important because when people with more power are able to express their creative ideas more than those with less power，it leads to a rich-get-richer dynamic that strengthens these power imbalances，” said Brian Lucas，assistant professor in the Cornell University.“Understanding ways to boost the creativity of lower power workers can help them find the right way to deal with this low-power disadvantage，” Lucas said. Lucas and his colleagues conducted two studies to reach their conclusion.In the first study，they divided the creative idea generation session into two rounds consisting of a one-minute “warm up” followed by a second round in which the participants could take as long as they wanted.Participants were randomly assigned to a high-power condition or a low-power condition，and feelings of power were generated with a role manipulation(操纵) where participants were given a leadership role and control over resources (high power) or an employee role with no control over resources (low power)．The study found that high-power individuals were more creative than low-power individuals in the warm-up round.There was no difference，though，in creativity in the second round. In the second study，the researchers gave them a different creative task and increased the number of rounds from two sessions to five，taking as long as they like to complete the task.Similar to the first study，the study found that high-power individuals were more creative than low-power individuals in the first round.But the creativity of low-power individuals caught up to the creativity of the high-power individuals after the first round. “The low-power warm-up effect suggests a simple intervention that empowers all employees to tap their creative potential and overcomes power imbalances in the workplace: when pursuing creative work，let employees warm up first，” Lucas said. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，给予热身时间后，职位低的员工的创造力可以得到提升。 5．Why does Locas think it important to boost the creativity of lower power workers? A．It maintains power imbalances. B．It motivates their ambition to catch up. C．It creates a competitive work environment. D．It encourages a workplace with more equality. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“‘Understanding ways to boost the creativity of lower power workers can help them find the right way to deal with this low-power disadvantage，’ Lucas said.”可知，了解如何促进职位较低员工的创造力，能够帮助他们找到正确的方法来应对职位低的劣势，让他们产生更多创造性想法，从而促进工作场所更加公平公正。故选 D。 6．How did Lucas and his co-authors stimulate feelings of power in the participants? A．Through a creative task with time limits. B．Through providing them with different positions. C．Through a competition between leaders and employees. D．Through assigning them to different conditions intentionally. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“...feelings of power were generated with a role manipulation(操纵) where participants were given a leadership role and control over resources (high power) or an employee role with no control over resources (low power)．”可知，参与者的权力感是通过给予参与者不同的角色(leadership 或 employee role)来产生的。故选 B。 7．How did the second study differ from the first study? A．It had fewer rounds. B．It involved more participants. C．Participants had a changed task. D．Participants’ creativity gap became wider. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“In the second study，the researchers gave them a different creative task and increased the number of rounds from two sessions to five，taking as long as they like to complete the task.”可知，第二项研究中，任务发生了改变。故选 C。 8．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Power Tends to Encourage Creative Ideas B．Changing Tasks Boosts All the Employees’ Creativity C．Warm-Up Time Corrects Creativity Power Imbalances D．Low-Power Individuals Outperform the High-power Ones 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。根据第一段中“However，new research shows that employees who are not in positions of power can become more creative when given time to ‘warm up’ to a task by engaging in the creative task more than once.”及全文可知，文章主要介绍研究发现，一般情况下，职位高的员工比职位低的员工更具有创造力，但是热身环节可以激发职位低的员工的创造力，从而创造一个更加公平的工作环境，所以选项C(热身时间能够纠正创造能力的不均衡)是文章最佳标题。故选C。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) In 2016，Linda Durrence and her husband suffered the loss of their oldest daughter.Then they __1__ to Glennville，Georgia，and attended local charity organizations every Sunday. One Sunday，they met three sisters adopted by a family nearby.The couple became good friends with them __2__，so when the girls were going to be put in __3__ homes a few years later，they turned to Linda Durrence for help. The oldest sister had turned 18 and left the care system，and Linda didn’t __4__ to welcome the younger two girls into her home with open arms.“The first thing that broke my heart was that they came with a __5__ bag that wasn’t even halfway full of clothes that didn’t __6__ them，” Linda recalled.What Linda and her husband did first was to take the girls to go __7__.“We watched them coming from a place of __8__ brokenness and they blossomed，” said Linda. The idea of blossoming __9__ in her mind，as did the image of the children __10__ with just a garbage bag full of too-small clothes.“I couldn’t forget that，” she said. Last December，Linda opened Blossom，a shop giving out free __11__ to anyone in need.At Blossom，families can choose seven full sets of clothes and shoes free of charge.They can come back every __12__ for size and season changes.She’s relying on __13__ from kind-hearted people to keep the shop going. Linda hopes that getting new clothing will __14__ adopted children’s confidence.She wants them all to have the same __15__ to blossom as her own children. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了琳达在慷慨收养两个女孩之后又开始经营一家慈善性质的商店的故事。 1．A.skipped B．sank C．moved D．revolved 答案　C 解析　根据上文内容以及该句中的“to Glennville，Georgia，and attended local charity organizations every Sunday”可推知，此处指他们搬到了乔治亚州的格伦维尔。故选C。 2．A.immediately B．frequently C．suddenly D．logically 答案　A 解析　根据句意以及下文“so when the girls...for help”可推知，这对夫妇很快就和她们成了好朋友。故选A。 3．A.innocent B．ideal C．influential D．separate 答案　D 解析　根据该句中的“they turned to Linda Durrence for help”及常识可推知，此处为当几年后女孩们将被安置到不同的家庭时，她们向琳达·杜伦斯寻求帮助。故选D。 4．A.hesitate B．expect C．arrange D．struggle 答案　A 解析　根据下文内容以及该句中的“to welcome the younger two girls into her home with open arms”可推知，琳达毫不犹豫地张开双臂欢迎两个小女孩来到她的家。故选A。 5．A.luggage B．garbage C．fabric D．document 答案　B 解析　根据下一段的“the children ________ with just a garbage bag full of too-small clothes”可知，她们来的时候带着一个垃圾袋。故选B。 6．A.fit B．wrap C．stuff D．appeal 答案　A 解析　根据语境及下一段的“the children ______ with just a garbage bag full of too-small clothes”可推知，她们带的衣服都不合身。故选A。 7．A.hiking B．shopping C．diving D．walking 答案　B 解析　根据句意以及上文提到的她们带的衣服都不合身可知，琳达和她丈夫首先做的事是带女孩们去购物。故选B。 8．A.premier B．fair C．mature D．pure 答案　D 解析　根据上文提到的女孩们都在收养家庭中长大以及该句中的“brokenness”可推知，此处为琳达和丈夫看着她们从一个完全破碎的地方冒出来，然后她们“开花”了。故选D。 9．A.shifted B．faded C．stuck D．flashed 答案　C 解析　根据该句中的“The idea of blossoming”以及下文“I couldn’t forget that”可推知，此处为“开花”的想法一直在她的脑海里。stick in one’s mind“铭记于心”。故选C。 10．A.turning down B．turning up C．turning over D．turning out 答案　B 解析　根据上文的“they came with a ______ bag that wasn’t even halfway”可知，此处指孩子们当初只带着一个垃圾袋出现的画面。故选B。 11．A.leaflets B．possessions C．items D．ingredients 答案　C 解析　根据下文“At Blossom，families can choose seven full sets of clothes and shoes free of charge.”可知，Blossom商店向任何有需要的人免费发放物品。故选C。 12．A.year B．month C．hour D．quarter 答案　D 解析　根据该句中的“for size and season changes”可推知，他们每个季度都可以回来换相应尺码和季节的衣服。故选D。 13．A.savings B．donations C．belongings D．earnings 答案　B 解析　根据句意以及该句中的“from kind-hearted people to keep the shop going”可推知，她靠好心人的捐赠来维持商店的运转。故选B。 14．A.represent B．undermine C．distribute D．enhance 答案　D 解析　根据句意以及该句中的“adopted children’s confidence”可知，此处为琳达希望得到新衣服能增强被收养孩子的信心。故选D。 15．A.highlight B．priority C．opportunity D．category 答案　C 解析　根据句意以及该句中的“to blossom as her own children”可知，此处为她希望他们能像自己的孩子一样有机会茁壮成长。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$