Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Understanding ideas-（课件PPT+Word教案）【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第四册教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅲ Understanding ideas Lessons in life Unit2 Part 1　课文整体理解 Part 2　长句难句分析 整体理解 课文 3 Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the passage? A.A book about life and death. B.How to live a life without regrets. C.The way to communicate with others. D.The evaluations of Tuesdays with Morrie. √ Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Persons Lessons they learned Arthur K To appreciate 1. and make the most of 2. . Amy Wang It’s up to us to find out 3. in our lives and establish 4. . what we have each day what is important our own values Persons Lessons they learned Marty The book made him think about how much he was influenced by 5. and the importance of 6. based on love and open communication. Vivian People should always 7. the good people they meet and be aware that they want to live their life 8. . popular culture creating his own values keep in touch with to the full Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1.Which of the following is NOT right according to the passage? A.Morrie suffers from a serious disease. B.The book is more about life than death. C.Morrie and Mitch are teacher and student. D.Mitch is very content with his life. √ 2.Which of the following will Arthur K agree with about the book? A.It is about death，so it is too pessimistic. B.It will make people lose the hope of life. C.It encourages people to fight with diseases. D.It encourages people to make full use of each day. √ 3.Why does Amy Wang think that the book should be on all school reading lists? A.Because the book will be beneficial to young people. B.Because the book can tell students how to focus on their study. C.Because the book can teach young people how to make money. D.Because the book full of pictures is very interesting. √ 4.How does Vivian end her comments? A.By making a comparison. B.By citing a quotation(引用). C.By listing examples. D.By asking questions. √ 5.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A.The book also deals with love and friendship. B.Always keeping in touch with friends can be difficult. C.It’s impossible to love and be loved at the same time. D.Vivian has made many friends but none of them is reliable. √ Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 Tuesdays with Morrie is a book popular with many people,1.______ teaches people lessons.As for Arthur K，the book 2. (fill) with joy and hope.Morrie’s 3. (brave) has made him value his own life more，encouraging him to appreciate 4. he has，and to make the most of each day.Amy Wang thinks this book should be 5. all school reading lists.It has given her a 6. (deep) insight into the world and she can see things from a different point of view.She realises that it is up to people 7. (find) out what is important in their lives and establish their own values. which is filled bravery what on deeper to find However，Marty thinks this book is just made up of a collection of over-emotional thoughts and 8. (message).It makes him think about how much he is influenced by popular culture and the importance of creating his own values 9. (base) on love and open communication. Always 10. (keep) in touch with the good people you meet is the lesson Vivian learned from the book.It makes people aware that they want to die knowing that they are loved and have loved others as much as they could. 返 回 messages based keeping 难句分析 长句 14 1.Despite being a sports journalist with a successful career ahead of him，Mitch Albom feels that there is something (miss) from his life.(P18) 结构分析：本句为　　　句。with a successful career ahead of him是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”作　　　　　；that引导　　　从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 missing 后置定语 米奇·阿尔博姆是一位前途光明的体育新闻记者，可他总觉得生活里少了些什么。 复合 宾语 2.On discovering that Morrie is being weakened a severe illness，Mitch starts visiting him at his house on Tuesdays.(P18) 结构分析：本句为　　　句。that引导　　　从句；on＋doing表示“　　　　　　　”，相当于as soon as引导的　　　　　从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 复合 宾语 一……就…… by 时间状语 米奇得知莫里得了重病，日渐虚弱，便每周二都去教授家看望他。 3.As Morrie anticipates his own death，he observes everything as though through new eyes—the things around him seem (beautiful) than ever before and hold new (mean).(P19 Arthur K) 结构分析：本句为　　　句。as 意为“　　　　 ”，引导　　　　 从句；as though相当于　　，意为“　　　　　　”，引导　　　　　从句，句中省略了主语和be动词。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ meanings more beautiful 复合 当……时 时间状语 as if 似乎，好像 方式状语 　　　　　到了弥留之际，莫里开始用新的眼光看待周围的一切事物 ——一切都显得更加美好，也有了新的意义。 4.I think it’s important for young people to know that making a lot of money won’t always make them happy，or that looking different doesn’t make a person abnormal！(P19 Amy Wang) 结构分析：本句为　　 句。it’s important for young people...是　　 从句，其中it作　　　　 ，to know that...作　　　　　 ；that making...happy和that looking...abnormal为or连接的两个that引导的____ 从句，两个从句中的making a lot of money和looking different均为动名词短语作　　　。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 复合 宾语 形式主语 真正的主语 宾语 主语 　　　　　我认为对于年轻人来说，重要的是明白赚很多钱并不总能带来快乐，看上去与众不同并不代表不正常。 5.It’s up to us to find out what is important in our lives and ____________ (树立我们自己的价值观).(P19 Amy Wang) 结构分析：本句为　　　句。It’s up to sb to do...意思是“____________ 　　　　”；what引导　　　从句，在从句中作　　　。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ establish our own values 复合 由某人决定 做…… 宾语 主语 　　　　　我们应该靠自己去弄清楚生命中什么才是最重要的，并树立我们自己的价值观。 6.Morrie says that most people “seem half-asleep”，even when they’re doing things they think are important.(P19 Amy Wang) 结构分析：本句为　　　句。that引导　　　从句；when引导________ 从句；they think are important是省略了引导词的　　　从句，修饰先行词　　　 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 复合 宾语 时间状语 定语 things 　　　　　莫里说即使大多数人在做自认为重要的事情，他们也是“看上去半睡半醒”的。 7.Despite its widespread recognition，my first 　　　　　 (impress) was that Tuesdays with Morrie is just made up of a (collect) of over-emotional thoughts and messages，many of which are repeated.(P20 Marty) 结构分析：本句为　　句。despite its widespread recognition作　　　　；that引导　　从句；many of which引导　　　　　　　从句，修饰先行词　　　　　　　　　　　。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ impression collection 复合 让步状语 表语 非限制性定语 thoughts and messages 　　　　　尽管《相约星期二》这本书得到了广泛的认可，但是我的第一印象是，它只是传达了过于感性的思想和信息，其中有很多是重复的。 8.The book made me stop and think about how much I _______________ (influence) by popular culture and the (important) of creating my own values based on love and open communication.(P20 Marty) 结构分析：本句为　　　句。how much引导　　　从句；based on...是分词短语作　　　，修饰　　　　。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ am influenced importance 复合 宾语 定语 values 　　　　　这本书能让我停下来思考流行文化对我的影响，以及在爱与开放式沟通的基础上树立自己的价值观有多么重要。 9.Although it isn’t my favourite book，I’d still recommend that people read it—　　　　　(毕竟)，it is something that’s a bit different！(P20 Marty) 结构分析：本句为　　　句。although引导　　　　　从句；that people read it是　　　从句，read前省略了　　　　；that’s a bit different是　　　从句，修饰先行词　　　　　。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ after all 复合 让步状语 宾语 should 定语 something 　　　　　虽然这不是我最爱的一本书，但我还是要推荐大家读一读，毕竟它有与众不同的地方！ 10.Like Mitch，Morrie makes you aware that you want to die feeling that you have lived life 　　 the full，knowing that you are loved and have loved others as much as you could.(P20 Vivian) 结构分析：本句为　　　句。aware为形容词作　　　；feeling that...to the full和knowing that...as you could均为现在分词短语作　　　　　，且两个that均引导　　　从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ to 复合 宾补 伴随状语 宾语 　　　　　莫里提醒米奇，也提醒了人们：在你将死之时，要感觉你已经活得很充实，要知道自己是被爱的，也一直尽力爱着别人。 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 as if/though... Reading this book made me feel as if I’d been woken up from a long sleep and finally opened my eyes to the world！(P19 Amy Wang) 阅读这本书仿佛将我从长觉中唤醒了，让我终于开始睁眼看世界！ 结构分析：本句为主从复合句。as if意为“似乎，好像”，引导表语从句，表示对过去的虚拟。 as if/though可引导表语从句或方式状语从句。 • 如果从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生，句子要用陈述语气； • 如果从句只是表示一种假设的情况，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气， 其形式如下： (1)与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词常用were)； (2)与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时； (3)与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用would/could/might＋do。 • as if/though引导的状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中有 be动词的某种形式时，从句中的主语和be动词可省略，后面直接跟名 词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词。 (1)侦探狠狠地盯着我，好像已经知道了一切。 The detective fixed his eyes on me very hard as if _____________________ . (2)当铅笔的一部分放入水中时，它看起来就像断了一样。 When a pencil is partly put into water，____________________________ . (3)看看漫天的乌云！看起来好像要下雨了。 Look at the dark clouds all over the sky! ____________________________ . he had known everything it looks as if/though it were broken It looks as if/though it is going to rain (4)有这么多的困难要处理，我觉得我的大脑好像马上将要爆裂了。 With so many difficulties to deal with，I feel as if ____________________ at once. (5)他张开嘴似乎要说些什么。 He opened his mouth as if . my brain would burst he would say something/to say something 课文重点词块默写 1.(使)重聚 2.因重病而衰弱 3.每周的谈话 4.导致，造成 5.一系列；许多 6.一个惊喜 7.充满…… ________________ ____________________________ ____________________ _________ __________ __________________ _____________ be reunited with be weakened by a severe illness weekly conversations result in a series of a pleasant surprise be filled with 8.远离；远非；完全不 9.充分利用 10.深入地了解世界 11.从不同的角度 12.倾向于；有助于 13.被……分心 14.取决于；由……决定 15.建立我们自己的价值观 16.某人睁开眼睛看世界 _________ _________________ ____________________________ ___________________________ ________ ___________________ ______ _______________________ __________________________ far from make the most of a deeper insight into the world from a different point of view tend to be/get distracted by up to establish our own values open one’s eyes to the world 17.由……组成 18.毕竟；终究 19.完成；结束 20.关于……的思考 21.与……失去联系 22.与……保持联系 23.经历；经受 24.过得充实 返 回 ______________ ________ ____________ _______________ _______________ __________________ ___________ _________________ be made up of after all get through reflections on... lose touch with keep in touch with go through live life to the full 本课结束 $$ Section Ⅲ　Understanding ideas Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the passage? A．A book about life and death. B．How to live a life without regrets. C．The way to communicate with others. D．The evaluations of Tuesdays with Morrie. 答案　D Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Persons Lessons they learned Arthur K To appreciate 1.what we have and make the most of 2.each day. Amy Wang It’s up to us to find out 3.what is important in our lives and establish 4.our own values. Marty The book made him think about how much he was influenced by 5.popular culture and the importance of 6.creating his own values based on love and open communication. Vivian People should always 7.keep in touch with the good people they meet and be aware that they want to live their life 8.to the full. Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．Which of the following is NOT right according to the passage? A．Morrie suffers from a serious disease. B．The book is more about life than death. C．Morrie and Mitch are teacher and student. D．Mitch is very content with his life. 答案　D 2．Which of the following will Arthur K agree with about the book? A．It is about death，so it is too pessimistic. B．It will make people lose the hope of life. C．It encourages people to fight with diseases. D．It encourages people to make full use of each day. 答案　D 3．Why does Amy Wang think that the book should be on all school reading lists? A．Because the book will be beneficial to young people. B．Because the book can tell students how to focus on their study. C．Because the book can teach young people how to make money. D．Because the book full of pictures is very interesting. 答案　A 4．How does Vivian end her comments? A．By making a comparison. B．By citing a quotation(引用)． C．By listing examples. D．By asking questions. 答案　B 5．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．The book also deals with love and friendship. B．Always keeping in touch with friends can be difficult. C．It’s impossible to love and be loved at the same time. D．Vivian has made many friends but none of them is reliable. 答案　A Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 Tuesdays with Morrie is a book popular with many people,1.which teaches people lessons.As for Arthur K，the book 2.is filled(fill) with joy and hope.Morrie’s 3.bravery(brave) has made him value his own life more，encouraging him to appreciate 4.what he has，and to make the most of each day.Amy Wang thinks this book should be 5.on all school reading lists.It has given her a 6.deeper(deep) insight into the world and she can see things from a different point of view.She realises that it is up to people 7.to find(find) out what is important in their lives and establish their own values.However，Marty thinks this book is just made up of a collection of over-emotional thoughts and 8.messages(message)．It makes him think about how much he is influenced by popular culture and the importance of creating his own values 9.based(base) on love and open communication.Always 10.keeping(keep) in touch with the good people you meet is the lesson Vivian learned from the book.It makes people aware that they want to die knowing that they are loved and have loved others as much as they could. Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．Despite being a sports journalist with a successful career ahead of him，Mitch Albom feels that there is something missing(miss) from his life.(P18) 结构分析：本句为复合句。with a successful career ahead of him是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”作后置定语；that引导宾语从句。 汉语翻译：米奇·阿尔博姆是一位前途光明的体育新闻记者，可他总觉得生活里少了些什么。 2．On discovering that Morrie is being weakened by a severe illness，Mitch starts visiting him at his house on Tuesdays.(P18) 结构分析：本句为复合句。that引导宾语从句；on＋doing表示“一……就……”，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 汉语翻译：米奇得知莫里得了重病，日渐虚弱，便每周二都去教授家看望他。 3．As Morrie anticipates his own death，he observes everything as though through new eyes—the things around him seem more beautiful(beautiful) than ever before and hold new meanings(mean)．(P19 Arthur K) 结构分析：本句为复合句。as 意为“当……时”，引导时间状语从句；as though相当于as if，意为“似乎，好像”，引导方式状语从句，句中省略了主语和be动词。 汉语翻译：到了弥留之际，莫里开始用新的眼光看待周围的一切事物——一切都显得更加美好，也有了新的意义。 4．I think it’s important for young people to know that making a lot of money won’t always make them happy，or that looking different doesn’t make a person abnormal！(P19 Amy Wang) 结构分析：本句为复合句。it’s important for young people...是宾语从句，其中it作形式主语，to know that...作真正的主语；that making...happy和that looking...abnormal为or连接的两个that引导的宾语从句，两个从句中的making a lot of money和looking different均为动名词短语作主语。 汉语翻译：我认为对于年轻人来说，重要的是明白赚很多钱并不总能带来快乐，看上去与众不同并不代表不正常。 5．It’s up to us to find out what is important in our lives and establish our own values(树立我们自己的价值观)．(P19 Amy Wang) 结构分析：本句为复合句。It’s up to sb to do...意思是“由某人决定做……”；what引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语。 汉语翻译：我们应该靠自己去弄清楚生命中什么才是最重要的，并树立我们自己的价值观。 6．Morrie says that most people “seem half-asleep”，even when they’re doing things they think are important.(P19 Amy Wang) 结构分析：本句为复合句。that引导宾语从句；when引导时间状语从句；they think are important是省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰先行词things。 汉语翻译：莫里说即使大多数人在做自认为重要的事情，他们也是“看上去半睡半醒”的。 7．Despite its widespread recognition，my first impression(impress) was that Tuesdays with Morrie is just made up of a collection(collect) of over-emotional thoughts and messages，many of which are repeated.(P20 Marty) 结构分析：本句为复合句。despite its widespread recognition作让步状语；that引导表语从句；many of which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词thoughts and messages。 汉语翻译：尽管《相约星期二》这本书得到了广泛的认可，但是我的第一印象是，它只是传达了过于感性的思想和信息，其中有很多是重复的。 8．The book made me stop and think about how much I am influenced(influence) by popular culture and the importance(important) of creating my own values based on love and open communication.(P20 Marty) 结构分析：本句为复合句。how much引导宾语从句；based on...是分词短语作定语，修饰values。 汉语翻译：这本书能让我停下来思考流行文化对我的影响，以及在爱与开放式沟通的基础上树立自己的价值观有多么重要。 9．Although it isn’t my favourite book，I’d still recommend that people read it—after all(毕竟)，it is something that’s a bit different！(P20 Marty) 结构分析：本句为复合句。although引导让步状语从句；that people read it是宾语从句，read前省略了should；that’s a bit different是定语从句，修饰先行词something。 汉语翻译：虽然这不是我最爱的一本书，但我还是要推荐大家读一读，毕竟它有与众不同的地方！ 10．Like Mitch，Morrie makes you aware that you want to die feeling that you have lived life to the full，knowing that you are loved and have loved others as much as you could.(P20 Vivian) 结构分析：本句为复合句。aware为形容词作宾补；feeling that...to the full和knowing that...as you could均为现在分词短语作伴随状语，且两个that均引导宾语从句。 汉语翻译：莫里提醒米奇，也提醒了人们：在你将死之时，要感觉你已经活得很充实，要知道自己是被爱的，也一直尽力爱着别人。 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 as if/though... Reading this book made me feel as if I’d been woken up from a long sleep and finally opened my eyes to the world！(P19 Amy Wang) 阅读这本书仿佛将我从长觉中唤醒了，让我终于开始睁眼看世界！ 结构分析：本句为主从复合句。as if意为“似乎，好像”，引导表语从句，表示对过去的虚拟。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————as if/though可引导表语从句或方式状语从句。 •如果从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生，句子要用陈述语气； •如果从句只是表示一种假设的情况，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式如下： (1)与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词常用were)； (2)与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时； (3)与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用would/could/might＋do。 •as if/though引导的状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中有be动词的某种形式时，从句中的主语和be动词可省略，后面直接跟名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— (1)侦探狠狠地盯着我，好像已经知道了一切。 The detective fixed his eyes on me very hard as if he had known everything. (2)当铅笔的一部分放入水中时，它看起来就像断了一样。 When a pencil is partly put into water，it looks as if/though it were broken. (3)看看漫天的乌云！看起来好像要下雨了。 Look at the dark clouds all over the sky! It looks as if/though it is going to rain. (4)有这么多的困难要处理，我觉得我的大脑好像马上将要爆裂了。 With so many difficulties to deal with，I feel as if my brain would burst at once. (5)他张开嘴似乎要说些什么。 He opened his mouth as if he would say something/to say something. 课文重点词块默写 1．(使)重聚be reunited with 2．因重病而衰弱be weakened by a severe illness 3．每周的谈话weekly conversations 4．导致，造成result in 5．一系列；许多a series of 6．一个惊喜a pleasant surprise 7．充满……be filled with 8．远离；远非；完全不far from 9．充分利用make the most of 10．深入地了解世界a deeper insight into the world 11．从不同的角度from a different point of view 12．倾向于；有助于tend to 13．被……分心be/get distracted by 14．取决于；由……决定up to 15．建立我们自己的价值观establish our own values 16．某人睁开眼睛看世界open one’s eyes to the world 17．由……组成be made up of 18．毕竟；终究after all 19．完成；结束get through 20．关于……的思考reflections on... 21．与……失去联系lose touch with 22．与……保持联系keep in touch with 23．经历；经受go through 24．过得充实live life to the full 训练2　Understanding ideas　[分值：50分] Ⅰ.单句写作(应用文写作——《鲁滨孙漂流记》读后感)(共15分) 1．鲁滨孙·克鲁索出生在一个体面的家庭，被困在一座远离大陆的孤岛上。(far from) Robinson Crusoe，born in a decent family，is trapped on a lonely island far from the mainland. 2．虽然看起来他没有生存的希望，但他成功地活了下来并且过得不错。(as if) While it looks as if there were no hope for him to survive，he manages it and lives well. 3．书中最精彩的部分是他救出了一个野蛮人(savage)，他称这个野蛮人为“星期五”。(when引导表语从句) The highlight of the book is when he rescues a savage，whom he names “Friday”． 4．鲁滨孙在岛上生活了28年，最终回到了英国，与他的家人团聚。(be reunited with) Robinson lives on the island for 28 years and ultimately returns to England and is reunited with his family. 5．这个故事告诉我们，我们永远不应该悲观，因为我们的命运取决于我们。(it’s up to...) The story tells us that never should we be pessimistic，because it is up to us what our fate is. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 Recently，I have read the book，The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe.Robinson Crusoe，born in a decent family，is trapped on a lonely island far from the mainland.While it looks as if there were no hope for him to survive，he manages it and lives well.The highlight of the book is when he rescues a savage，whom he names “Friday”．Robinson lives on the island for 28 years and ultimately returns to England and is reunited with his family. To conclude，the story tells us that never should we be pessimistic，because it is up to us what our fate is. Ⅱ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A Whether we are young or old，we all have a dream we would love to achieve.The issue is that most of us have no idea where to begin to turn a great idea into fact，or that we choose to abandon our dreams when the going gets tough.If this is you，then self-help guide Dream and Achieve: Discover and Express Your Passion in Your Lifetime by Kola Olutimehin should be at the top of your reading list. Kola，who fittingly describes himself as a “Dream Driver”，has helped thousands of people achieve through his coaching and public speaking，and he has distilled(提炼) all his wisdom and tried-and-tested methods into this book. At the beginning of the book，Kola defines what we mean by a “dream”，stating that a dream is a long-cherished vision of what you want to make your inheritance and your contribution to the world.That doesn’t mean that this dream，whatever it may be，is already fully formed in your mind.It may be fuzzy(模糊的)；it may just be a feeling that you were born to attain something you don’t currently possess. What I love in this section of the book is how Kola，who has built his own business empire with blood，sweat and tears，debunks(驳斥) the common myths people associate with becoming a success，such as the need to make decisions with fully detailed plans. He therefore urges readers，when faced with a decision，to consider the four “ds”．These are Desire—questioning what you truly want and why you want it；acting on your Decision，which is an active step；Determination，chiefly having the staying power not to backtrack；and Discipline，which means you must continue to act upon your decision to help make your dreams a reality. In conclusion，author Kola Olutimehin has captured the essence of success and set it down in print，and Dream and Achieve is the one book you need to find your life’s purpose，and achieve it. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章是关于《梦想与成就：发现并表达你一生的激情》的书评，介绍并评价了这本书。 1．What can you get from the book by Kola? A．A guide to realize your dream. B．Some skills about public speaking. C．A way to become a rich businessman. D．Some advice on wise reading choices. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，如果你不知道如何实现梦想，或者在努力的过程中放弃了，那么你应该读Kola的书，由此可知人们可以从书中得到实现梦想的指导。故选A。 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The definition of a dream. B．The importance of a dream. C．The power of a dream. D．The form of a dream. 答案　A 解析　段落大意题。根据第三段的“...stating that a dream is a long-cherished vision...it may just be a feeling that you were born to attain something you don’t currently possess.”可知，本段主要介绍了什么是梦想，即梦想的定义。故选A。 3．What does Kola suggest people do when making decisions? A．Make fully detailed plans. B．Get rid of your desires. C．Stay optimistic and positive. D．Think about things you really want. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“He therefore urges readers，when faced with a decision...questioning what you truly want and why you want it”可知，Kola对人们在做决定时的建议之一是认真思考自己真正想要的东西。故选D。 4．What is the text? A．A news report. B．A short story. C．A book review. D．A research article. 答案　C 解析　文章类型题。通读文章尤其是最后一段可推知，本文是一篇书评，介绍并评价了Kola Olutimehin的《梦想与成就：发现并表达你一生的激情》一书。故选C。 B (2024·辽宁大连高三上期末) Stories have long been employed to instill(灌输) moral and cultural values in young children，but there is little research exploring the effectiveness of such stories. “As parents，we want to know how effective the stories actually are in promoting honesty，” say lead author Kang Lee of the Dr.Eric Jackman Institute of Child Study at the University of Toronto and co-author Victoria Talwar of McGill University.“Is it ‘in one ear，out the other，’ or do children listen and take the messages to heart？” To find out，Lee and Talwar conducted an experiment with 268 children aged 3 to 7.Each child played a game that required guessing the identity of a toy based on the sound it made.In the middle of the game，the experimenter left the room for a minute，instructing the child not to glance at a toy left on the table.For most children，this temptation(诱惑) was too hard to resist.When the experimenter returned，she read the child a story，either The Tortoise and the Hare，The Boy Who Cried Wolf，Pinocchio，or George Washington and the Cherry Tree.Afterward，the experimenter asked the child to tell the truth about whether he or she glanced at the toy. Contrary to the experimenters’ expectations，Pinocchio and The Boy Who Cried Wolf，which associate lying with negative consequences，were no more effective at promoting honest behavior than a fable unrelated to honesty，in this case The Tortoise and the Hare.Only the made-up tale about young George Washington seemed to inspire the kids to admit glancing: Children who heard the tale in which the future first president was complimented because of admitting his mistake and rewarded a candy were three times more likely to tell the truth than their fellows who heard other stories. “Our study shows that to promote moral behavior such as honesty，emphasizing the positive outcomes of honesty rather than the negative consequences of dishonesty is the key，” note they.“This may apply to other moral behaviors as well.” They also warn that more research is necessary to determine whether moral stories influence kids’ behavior in the long term.Still，they have been quick to take advantage of the findings.Talwar reports a shift in her own parenting practices: “It really seems to work.I use this now with my child.” 5．What is the aim of the experiment mentioned in the text? A．To find out which story is instructive at school. B．To make sure if the children can resist the temptation. C．To see the effectiveness of stories in promoting honesty. D．To ensure the precision in guessing the identity of the toy. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“As parents，we want to know how effective the stories actually are in promoting honesty”可推知，文中提到的实验的目的是看看故事在促进诚实方面的有效性。故选C。 6．What does the underlined word“complimented”mean in paragraph 4? A．Criticized. B．Praised. C．Ignored. D．Respected. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“the future first president was”和下文“because of admitting his mistake and rewarded a candy”可知，这位未来的第一任总统因承认错误而受到称赞，由此可知，compliment意为“称赞”。故选B。 7．What does Talwar mean in the last paragraph? A．She will apply the finding to her child. B．Her child shows a strong interest in moral stories. C．Her parents have changed their way of education. D．She perceives the positive influence of moral stories on her child. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Talwar reports a shift in her own parenting practices：‘It really seems to work.I use this now with my child.’”可知，她意识到道德故事对孩子的积极影响。故选D。 8．Which word can describe the author’s attitude in the text? A．Unclear. B．Contradictory. C．Sympathetic. D．Objective. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中“Our study shows that to promote moral behavior such as honesty，emphasizing the positive outcomes of honesty rather than the negative consequences of dishonesty is the key”和最后一段中“They also warn that more research is necessary to determine whether moral stories influence kids’ behavior in the long term.”可知，作者一方面指出了实验结果，另一方面又提出实验结果的局限性，由此可知，作者的态度是客观的。故选D。 Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) It isn’t every day that the future and the past get to meet on national television. When his wife of 72 years passed away six years ago，Peter Davies 1 he felt like “a lost soul”．The 100-year-old man from Macclesfield，England 2 to find new purpose in his life，so when his daughter suggested he offer his help at the local elementary school，he 3 to go for it. “I was married for 72 years，and when my wife died，life changed 4 ，” Peter explained.“My daughter suggested that，to get some 5 back into my life，I do something I’m 6 of doing.” Peter chose to 7 at a primary school，and he was a huge 8 with all of the children he tutored.He 9 reading into a fun game.Besides，his new 10 as a grandfatherly figure made him feel more connected to his community than ever before. “The 11 are great，” said Peter.“I’m sure I get more than the kids do.It is a lovely warm feeling that I 12 the community.I’m part of it.Moreover，my image is 13 .Wherever I go in the village，a child will shout ‘Hello Mr Davies.’ I feel 10 feet tall.” Recently he was 14 with a British Empire Medal(BEM) on television with the youngest recipient,18-year-old Dara McAnulty.“He is the future，and I am the past，” Peter said.“It’s just simple as that，it really is.I’m 15 for him.” 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是彼得·戴维斯在妻子去世六年之后，在女儿的建议下去当地小学当志愿者，与孩子们的接触让他重新找到了生活的意义，他也因此成为名人。 1．A.suspected B．admitted C．proved D．argued 答案　B 解析　suspect怀疑，猜想；admit承认，接纳；prove证明，证实；argue争论，辩论。根据空前“When his wife of 72 years passed away six years ago”以及空后“he felt like ‘a lost soul’”可以推断，妻子去世后，彼得·戴维斯承认自己就像一个迷路的人一样，此处指他在坦白自己内心的感受。故选B项。 2．A.struggled B．refused C．regretted D．pretended 答案　A 解析　struggle努力；refuse拒绝；regret遗憾；pretend假装。根据前文“Peter Davies he felt like ‘a lost soul’．”以及空后“to find new purpose in his life”可知，妻子的去世让彼得·戴维斯内心非常难过，所以他努力寻找新的生活目标。故选A项。 3．A.failed B．determined C．requested D．forgot 答案　B 解析　fail失败；determine决定；request要求；forget遗忘。根据后文“to go for it”以及“Peter chose to at a primary school，and he was a huge with all of the children he tutored.”可知，彼得·戴维斯接受了女儿的建议，决定去当地小学帮忙。故选B项。 4．A.dramatically B．temporarily C．casually D．secretly 答案　A 解析　dramatically剧烈地，明显地；temporarily暂时地；casually随意地；secretly秘密地。根据前文“he felt like ‘a lost soul’”和“I was married for 72 years，and when my wife died，life changed”可知，妻子的去世让彼得·戴维斯觉得自己就像一个迷路的人一样，此处指的是妻子的去世让生活发生了显著的变化。故选A项。 5．A.information B．creation C．affection D．meaning 答案　D 解析　information信息；creation创造；affection喜爱，爱慕；meaning意义。根据前文“The 100-year-old man from Macclesfield，England to find new purpose in his life”可知，此处指的是女儿希望彼得能够重新发现生活的意义所在。故选D项。 6．A.afraid B．tired C．ashamed D．capable 答案　D 解析　afraid害怕；tired疲惫的，厌倦的；ashamed羞愧的；capable足以胜任的。根据后文“Peter chose to at a primary school，and he was a huge with all of the children he tutored.”可知彼得受到孩子们的欢迎，说明他能胜任当小学老师这件事情。故选D项。 7．A.study B．perform C．volunteer D．investigate 答案　C 解析　perform表演，实施；volunteer自愿做；investigate调查。根据前文“so when his daughter suggested he offer his help at the local elementary school，he to go for it”可知女儿鼓励他到当地的一所小学去帮忙，即做志愿者。故选C项。 8．A.star B．scholar C．hit D．mode 答案　C 解析　scholar学者；hit打击，很受欢迎的人；mode模式。根据后文“Besides，his new as a grandfatherly figure made him feel more connected to his community than ever before.”可知彼得很受孩子们的欢迎。故选C项。 9．A.expanded B．transformed C．recovered D．compared 答案　B 解析　expand扩展，扩大；transform (使)改变(形态)；recover恢复；compare比较。根据空后“reading into a fun game”可知彼得将阅读变成了孩子们喜欢的游戏。故选B项。 10．A.responsibility B．challenge C．status D．mission 答案　C 解析　responsibility责任；challenge挑战；status地位，身份；mission使命。根据空后“as a grandfatherly figure”可知，此处指的是彼得对于孩子们来说作为爷爷般的新身份。故选C项。 11．A.kids B．instructors C．applicant D．assistants 答案　A 解析　instructor指导者；applicant申请人；assistant助手。根据后文“I’m sure I get more than the kids do.”和“Wherever I go in the village，a child will shout ‘Hello Mr Davies.’”可知，此处指的是彼得对于孩子们的表现很满意，称赞孩子们很棒。故选A项。 12．A.lead to B．object to C．adapt to D．belong to 答案　D 解析　lead to导致；object to反对；adapt to适应；belong to属于。根据后文“I’m part of it.”可知在彼得看来自己是这个社区的一分子。故选D项。 13．A.apparent B．tremendous C．flexible D．particular 答案　B 解析　apparent明显的；tremendous巨大的，极好的；flexible灵活的；particular特定的，挑剔的。根据后文“Wherever I go in the village，a child will shout ‘Hello Mr Davies.’ I feel 10 feet tall.”可知，不管彼得出现在村子的什么地方，都会有孩子与他打招呼，他感觉自己有10英尺高，所以可以看出他很受孩子们欢迎，他的形象在孩子们眼中是巨大的、极好的。故选B项。 14．A.remarked B．accompanied C．honoured D．impressed 答案　C 解析　remark评论；accompany陪同；honour尊重，授予荣誉；impress给……以印象，使铭记。根据空后“with a British Empire Medal(BEM) on television with the youngest recipient,18-year-old Dara McAnulty”可知彼得被授予了不列颠帝国勋章。故选C项。 15．A.concerned B．respectful C．embarrassed D．delighted 答案　D 解析　concerned担心的，关心的；respectful恭敬的，有礼貌的；embarrassed尴尬的；delighted高兴的。根据空前“with the youngest recipient,18-year-old Dara McAnulty”可知Dara McAnulty 18岁就获得了不列颠帝国勋章，所以彼得为他感到高兴。故选D项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$