Unit 1 Section Ⅵ Developing ideas-（课件PPT+Word教案）【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第四册教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅵ Developing ideas Looking forwards Unit 1 Part 1　课文整体理解 Part 2　长句难句分析 整体理解 课文 3 Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What’s the main idea of the passage? A.The meaning of life choice. B.How to choose the road of life. C.The appreciation and interpretation of a poem. D.The introduction to the poem The Road Not Taken. √ Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Part 1 (Para.1) The 1. of the poem Part 2 (Paras.2－4) The 2. of the poem：Life throws many 3. for us to choose from，and different choices will lead to 4. ，so it’s not easy to make the right 5. . Part 3 (Para.5) We should take full advantage of the choices and positively 6. . popularity explanation alternatives specific consequences choice face the future Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1.Why has the poem become one of the most famous American poems of all time? A.Because it is about nature. B.Because of its rhythm and rhyme. C.Because it is often quoted by famous artists. D.Because of its thoughtful insights into human nature. √ 2.What can we think of The Road Not Taken from the second paragraph? A.The poem is about the job which we like. B.The poem is about the study in the college. C.The poem is about the choice we will face. D.The poem is about the scene of countryside. √ 3.Why would we sigh after making a decision? A.Because we have no way back. B.Because we will act like the writer. C.Because we know we are wrong. D.Because we want to make another decision. √ 4.What does the author want to tell us? A.There are many choices that we need to make. B.The poem The Road Not Taken is very popular. C.We shouldn’t take the unusual path through life. D.We should face our future with optimism instead of regretting past 　decisions. √ Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 The poem The Road Not Taken 1. (become) one of the most famous American poems of all time.When reading the poem，one cannot help but see in one’s mind images of a 2. (peace) wood deep within the countryside.Paths in the woods 3. (use) to symbolize how our lives progress and change.Life throws many alternatives at us on a daily basis.Of course，the greatest dilemmas arise 4. moral problems，when we are uncertain which choice results in doing the right thing. has become peaceful are used from Whether big or small,5. all our choices have in common is that they lead to specific consequences.Once a choice is made，there is no 6. (go) back.Although we may be free to choose which path 7.______ (take)，this choice isn’t easy when those two paths look similar.For example，when 8. (present) with two job offers，we may wonder 9. (exact) what it is we’re choosing between. Nonetheless，part of the art of decision-making is learning to make 10. most of our decisions.Instead of looking back with regret，we should be facing our future with energy and optimism. what going to take presented 返 回 exactly the 难句分析 长句 12 1.It has in fact become one of the most famous American poems of all time，not only because of its natural style，but also because of its (thought) insights into human nature.(P11 Para.1) 结构分析：本句为　　　句，not only...but also...连接并列的　　　　　。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 thoughtful 原因状语 事实上，它已经成为美国历史上最著名的诗歌之一，这不仅是因为其自然的风格，还因为其对人性的深刻洞察。 简单 2.When reading The Road Not Taken，one cannot help but see in one’s mind images of a (peace) wood deep within the countryside.(P11 Para.2) 结构分析：本句为　　　句。when引导　　　　　从句，从句中省略了“　　　　　　　　　　”。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ peaceful 复合 时间状语 主语(one)＋be动词(is) 　　　　　阅读《未选择的路》总会让人脑海中不禁浮现出乡村深处静谧的树林。 3.Whether big or small，what all our (choose) have in common is that they lead specific consequences.(P11 Para.3) 结构分析：本句为　　　句。what引导　　　从句，that引导　　　从句；whether...or...意为“　　　　　　　　　　”。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ to choices 复合 主语 表语 无论是……还是…… 　　　　　无论我们的选择是大是小，它们都有一个共同点，那就是它们都会带来某种结果。 4.Although the writer of the poem considers (take) the other path another day，he knows it’s unlikely that he will ever have the opportunity (do) so.(P11 Para.3) 结构分析：本句为　　　句。although引导　　　　　从句，主句是___ ；know后面是省略that的　　　从句；it’s unlikely that...意思是“　　　　　　　”，该句式中it是　　　　 ，that引导 　　 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ taking to do 复合 让步状语 he knows... 宾语 不可能会…… 形式主语 主语 　　　　　虽然这首诗的作者考虑改天再探索另一条路，但是他也知道获得这种机会的可能性微乎其微。 5.Like the writer，all we can do (be) look backwards “with a sigh” and imagine what could have been.(P11 Para.3) 结构分析：本句为　　　句。主语为　　；we can do为省略　　 的定语从句，修饰先行词all；what引导 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ is 复合 all that 宾语 就像作者一样，我们能做的只有在回首往事时“轻声叹息”，幻想事情本可以成为什么样子。 6.Although we may be free (choose) which path to take，this choice isn’t easy when those two paths look similar.(P12 Para.4) 结构分析：本句为　　　句。although引导　　　　　从句；which path to take是“疑问词＋不定式”作　　　；when引导　　　　 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ to choose 复合 让步状语 宾语 时间状语 虽然我们可以自由地选择走哪一条路，但是当两条路看起来大同小异时，其实很难做选择。 7.Presented with two job offers， instance，we may wonder exactly what it is we’re choosing between.(P12 Para.4) 结构分析：本句为　　　句。presented with two job offers为过去分词短语作　　　　　；what it is we’re choosing between作wonder的　　　。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ for 复合 时间状语 宾语 　　　　　比如当我们同时面对两个工作机会时，我们可能会思索到底我们是在什么当中选择。 8.In the poem，the writer doubts his choice，thinking that in the future “ages and ages hence”，he may claim that he took the “less traveled” road.(P12 Para.5) 结构分析：本句为　　　句。主句为　 　　；thinking...为现在分词短语作　　　　　；两个that均引导　　　从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 复合 the writer doubts his choice 伴随状语 宾语 　　　　　在这首诗中，作者质疑了自己的选择，认为在“多年之后”的未来，他可能会承认自己选择了一条“人迹较少”的路。 9.Some of us do take a more unusual path through life，and while it may be a harder one 　　　　(follow)，it can also lead to new adventures and experiences.(P12 Para.5) 结构分析：本句为and连接的　　　句。在第一个分句中，do take为“do＋动词原形”对　　　　　进行强调；在第二个分句中，while引导 　　　　　从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ to follow 并列 谓语动词 让步状语 　　　　　生活中确实会有一些人选择不寻常的道路，虽然路途更加艰难，但也会带来新的奇遇和经历。 10.Instead of looking back 　　　 regret，we should be facing our future with energy and 　　　　　(optimistic)，for the choices are ours，and ours only.(P12 Para.5) 结构分析：本句为for连接的　　　句，for表　　　关系。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ with optimism 并列 因果 　　　　　我们应该积极乐观地面对未来，而非带着遗憾回顾过去，因为选择在于我们自己，而且它们只属于我们自己。 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 there is no doing... Once we make a decision，in most circumstances，there is no going back.(P11 Para.3) 在大多数情况下，一旦我们做了选择，就没有退路。 结构分析：本句为复合句。once引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦，只要”；主句there is no doing...意为“不可能做……；无法……”，相当于It is impossible to do.../It is unlikely to do...。 1　 There is no denying that...……不可否认。 There is no point (in) doing...做……是没有意义的。 There is no sense (in) doing...做……是不明智/无意义的。 There is no need to do.../for...(做)……是没必要的。 There is no doubt that...毫无疑问…… There is no possibility that...没有可能…… (1)没有办法说服他改变主意，因为他是一个如此固执的人。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　，for he is such a stubborn person. (2)毫无疑问，她是最适合做这项工作的人。 　　　　　　　　　　 she is the most qualified person to do the job. (3)这是一个非正式的慈善派对，所以没有必要太盛装打扮。 It is an informal charity party， . (4)不可否认，一些高科技产品对我们的生活产生了负面影响。 some high-tech products have negatively influenced our life. There is no persuading him to change his mind There is no doubt that so there is no need to dress up too much There is no denying that What if... What if，in choosing one，we are unknowingly turning down other future opportunities？(P12 Para.4) 如果我们选择了一份工作而在不知不觉中放弃了其他未来的机会，那该怎么办？ 结构分析：What if...? 是固定句型，意为“如果……会怎么样呢/要怎么办？”基本结构：What if＋主语＋谓语＋其他？其中if引导条件状语从句，但省略了主句内容。 2　 类似的表达有： So what? 那又如何？(反驳他人) How come? 为什么？怎么会呢？(表示惊讶) For what? 为什么？(询问原因) What/How about...？……怎么样？(提建议的一种形式) 杰夫兴奋得眼睛闪闪发光，喊道：“为妈妈准备一顿美味的早餐怎么样？”詹娜疑惑地问：“为什么呢？”杰夫回答道：“今天是妈妈的生日。”詹娜不确定地说：“但要是我们失败了怎么办呀？”杰夫回答说：“那又怎么样？至少我们竭尽全力为母亲做点事情了。” Jeff shouted with his eyes glittering with excitement，“__________ for our mother？” Jenna asked in confusion，“ ？” Jeff replied，“Today is Mom’s birthday.”Jenna said with uncertainty，“But ？”Jeff responded，“ ？At least we have spared no effort to do something for our mother.” What/How about preparing a tasty breakfast For what what if we fail So what 课文重点词块默写 1.在各种各样的演讲中 2.被谱曲 3.有史以来 4.对人性的深刻洞察 5.忍不住/不禁做某事 6.乡村深处静谧的树林 7.林间小路 _____________________ ______________ __________ __________________________________ _____________________ _______________________________________ _________________ in speeches of all kinds be set to music a peaceful wood deep within the countryside paths in the woods of all time thoughtful insights into human nature cannot help but do sth 8.视觉呈现 9.向某人抛出许多选择 10.每天 11.从……到……变化/不同 12.毕业之后 13.产生于，起因于 14.导致 15.有相同之处 16.带来特定的后果 _____________________ ___________________________ _______________ ________________ ________________ __________ ________ _________________ __________________________ a visual representation throw many alternatives at sb on a daily basis range from...to... after graduation arise from result in have...in common lead to specific consequences 17.在大多数情况下 18.考虑做某事 19.可以自由选择 20.例如 21.放弃了其他未来的机会 22.发现，找出，查明 23.选择和机会的交织 24.快走到道路尽头时 25.回顾，回首 ____________________ _________________ ________________ ___________ _________________________________ ________ ____________________________ ___________________________ ____________ in most circumstances consider doing sth be free to choose for instance turn down other future opportunities find out a mixture of choice and chance approach the end of that road look back on 26.人迹较少的路 27.充分利用 28.带着遗憾回顾过去 29.积极乐观地面对未来 ____________________ ________________ ____________________ _____________________________________ the less traveled road make the most of look back with regret face the future with energy and optimism 返 回 本课结束 $$ Section Ⅵ　Developing ideas Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What’s the main idea of the passage? A．The meaning of life choice. B．How to choose the road of life. C．The appreciation and interpretation of a poem. D．The introduction to the poem The Road Not Taken. 答案　C Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Part 1 (Para.1) The 1.popularity of the poem Part 2 (Paras.2－4) The 2.explanation of the poem：Life throws many 3.alternatives for us to choose from，and different choices will lead to 4.specific consequences，so it’s not easy to make the right 5.choice. Part 3 (Para.5) We should take full advantage of the choices and positively 6.face the future. Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．Why has the poem become one of the most famous American poems of all time? A．Because it is about nature. B．Because of its rhythm and rhyme. C．Because it is often quoted by famous artists. D．Because of its thoughtful insights into human nature. 答案　D 2．What can we think of The Road Not Taken from the second paragraph? A．The poem is about the job which we like. B．The poem is about the study in the college. C．The poem is about the choice we will face. D．The poem is about the scene of countryside. 答案　C 3．Why would we sigh after making a decision? A．Because we have no way back. B．Because we will act like the writer. C．Because we know we are wrong. D．Because we want to make another decision. 答案　A 4．What does the author want to tell us? A．There are many choices that we need to make. B．The poem The Road Not Taken is very popular. C．We shouldn’t take the unusual path through life. D．We should face our future with optimism instead of regretting past decisions. 答案　D Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 The poem The Road Not Taken 1.has become(become) one of the most famous American poems of all time.When reading the poem，one cannot help but see in one’s mind images of a 2.peaceful(peace) wood deep within the countryside.Paths in the woods 3.are used(use) to symbolize how our lives progress and change.Life throws many alternatives at us on a daily basis.Of course，the greatest dilemmas arise 4.from moral problems，when we are uncertain which choice results in doing the right thing. Whether big or small,5.what all our choices have in common is that they lead to specific consequences.Once a choice is made，there is no 6.going(go) back.Although we may be free to choose which path 7.to take(take)，this choice isn’t easy when those two paths look similar.For example，when 8.presented(present) with two job offers，we may wonder 9.exactly(exact) what it is we’re choosing between. Nonetheless，part of the art of decision-making is learning to make 10.the most of our decisions.Instead of looking back with regret，we should be facing our future with energy and optimism. Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．It has in fact become one of the most famous American poems of all time，not only because of its natural style，but also because of its thoughtful(thought) insights into human nature.(P11 Para.1) 结构分析：本句为简单句，not only...but also...连接并列的原因状语。 汉语翻译：事实上，它已经成为美国历史上最著名的诗歌之一，这不仅是因为其自然的风格，还因为其对人性的深刻洞察。 2．When reading The Road Not Taken，one cannot help but see in one’s mind images of a peaceful(peace) wood deep within the countryside.(P11 Para.2) 结构分析：本句为复合句。when引导时间状语从句，从句中省略了“主语(one)＋be动词(is)”。 汉语翻译：阅读《未选择的路》总会让人脑海中不禁浮现出乡村深处静谧的树林。 3．Whether big or small，what all our choices(choose) have in common is that they lead to specific consequences.(P11 Para.3) 结构分析：本句为复合句。what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句；whether...or...意为“无论是……还是……”。 汉语翻译：无论我们的选择是大是小，它们都有一个共同点，那就是它们都会带来某种结果。 4．Although the writer of the poem considers taking(take) the other path another day，he knows it’s unlikely that he will ever have the opportunity to do(do) so.(P11 Para.3) 结构分析：本句为复合句。although引导让步状语从句，主句是he knows...；know后面是省略that的宾语从句；it’s unlikely that...意思是“不可能会……”，该句式中it是形式主语，that引导主语从句。 汉语翻译：虽然这首诗的作者考虑改天再探索另一条路，但是他也知道获得这种机会的可能性微乎其微。 5．Like the writer，all we can do is(be) look backwards “with a sigh” and imagine what could have been.(P11 Para.3) 结构分析：本句为复合句。主语为all；we can do为省略that的定语从句，修饰先行词all；what引导宾语从句。 汉语翻译：就像作者一样，我们能做的只有在回首往事时“轻声叹息”，幻想事情本可以成为什么样子。 6．Although we may be free to choose(choose) which path to take，this choice isn’t easy when those two paths look similar.(P12 Para.4) 结构分析：本句为复合句。although引导让步状语从句；which path to take是“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语；when引导时间状语从句。 汉语翻译：虽然我们可以自由地选择走哪一条路，但是当两条路看起来大同小异时，其实很难做选择。 7．Presented with two job offers，for instance，we may wonder exactly what it is we’re choosing between.(P12 Para.4) 结构分析：本句为复合句。presented with two job offers为过去分词短语作时间状语；what it is we’re choosing between作wonder的宾语。 汉语翻译：比如当我们同时面对两个工作机会时，我们可能会思索到底我们是在什么当中选择。 8．In the poem，the writer doubts his choice，thinking that in the future “ages and ages hence”，he may claim that he took the “less traveled” road.(P12 Para.5) 结构分析：本句为复合句。主句为the writer doubts his choice；thinking...为现在分词短语作伴随状语；两个that均引导宾语从句。 汉语翻译：在这首诗中，作者质疑了自己的选择，认为在“多年之后”的未来，他可能会承认自己选择了一条“人迹较少”的路。 9．Some of us do take a more unusual path through life，and while it may be a harder one to follow(follow)，it can also lead to new adventures and experiences.(P12 Para.5) 结构分析：本句为and连接的并列句。在第一个分句中，do take为“do＋动词原形”对谓语动词进行强调；在第二个分句中，while引导让步状语从句。 汉语翻译：生活中确实会有一些人选择不寻常的道路，虽然路途更加艰难，但也会带来新的奇遇和经历。 10．Instead of looking back with regret，we should be facing our future with energy and optimism(optimistic)，for the choices are ours，and ours only.(P12 Para.5) 结构分析：本句为for连接的并列句，for表因果关系。 汉语翻译：我们应该积极乐观地面对未来，而非带着遗憾回顾过去，因为选择在于我们自己，而且它们只属于我们自己。 Ⅱ.研典句 学用法 there is no doing... Once we make a decision，in most circumstances，there is no going back.(P11 Para.3) 在大多数情况下，一旦我们做了选择，就没有退路。 结构分析：本句为复合句。once引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦，只要”；主句there is no doing...意为“不可能做……；无法……”，相当于It is impossible to do.../It is unlikely to do...。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————There is no denying that...……不可否认。 There is no point (in) doing...做……是没有意义的。 There is no sense (in) doing...做……是不明智/无意义的。 There is no need to do.../for...(做)……是没必要的。 There is no doubt that...毫无疑问…… There is no possibility that...没有可能…… ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— (1)没有办法说服他改变主意，因为他是一个如此固执的人。 There is no persuading him to change his mind，for he is such a stubborn person. (2)毫无疑问，她是最适合做这项工作的人。 There is no doubt that she is the most qualified person to do the job. (3)这是一个非正式的慈善派对，所以没有必要太盛装打扮。 It is an informal charity party，so there is no need to dress up too much. (4)不可否认，一些高科技产品对我们的生活产生了负面影响。 There is no denying that some high-tech products have negatively influenced our life. What if... What if，in choosing one，we are unknowingly turning down other future opportunities？(P12 Para.4) 如果我们选择了一份工作而在不知不觉中放弃了其他未来的机会，那该怎么办？ 结构分析：What if...? 是固定句型，意为“如果……会怎么样呢/要怎么办？”基本结构：What if＋主语＋谓语＋其他？其中if引导条件状语从句，但省略了主句内容。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————类似的表达有： So what? 那又如何？(反驳他人) How come? 为什么？怎么会呢？(表示惊讶) For what? 为什么？(询问原因) What/How about...？……怎么样？(提建议的一种形式) ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— 杰夫兴奋得眼睛闪闪发光，喊道：“为妈妈准备一顿美味的早餐怎么样？”詹娜疑惑地问：“为什么呢？”杰夫回答道：“今天是妈妈的生日。”詹娜不确定地说：“但要是我们失败了怎么办呀？”杰夫回答说：“那又怎么样？至少我们竭尽全力为母亲做点事情了。” Jeff shouted with his eyes glittering with excitement，“What/How about preparing a tasty breakfast for our mother？” Jenna asked in confusion，“For what？” Jeff replied，“Today is Mom’s birthday.”Jenna said with uncertainty，“But what if we fail？”Jeff responded，“So what？At least we have spared no effort to do something for our mother.” 课文重点词块默写 1．在各种各样的演讲中in speeches of all kinds 2．被谱曲be set to music 3．有史以来of all time 4．对人性的深刻洞察thoughtful insights into human nature 5．忍不住/不禁做某事cannot help but do sth 6．乡村深处静谧的树林a peaceful wood deep within the countryside 7．林间小路paths in the woods 8．视觉呈现a visual representation 9．向某人抛出许多选择throw many alternatives at sb 10．每天on a daily basis 11．从……到……变化/不同range from...to... 12．毕业之后after graduation 13．产生于，起因于arise from 14．导致result in 15．有相同之处have...in common 16．带来特定的后果lead to specific consequences 17．在大多数情况下in most circumstances 18．考虑做某事consider doing sth 19．可以自由选择be free to choose 20．例如for instance 21．放弃了其他未来的机会turn down other future opportunities 22．发现，找出，查明find out 23．选择和机会的交织a mixture of choice and chance 24．快走到道路尽头时approach the end of that road 25．回顾，回首look back on 26．人迹较少的路the less traveled road 27．充分利用make the most of 28．带着遗憾回顾过去look back with regret 29．积极乐观地面对未来face the future with energy and optimism 训练4　Developing ideas　[分值：50分] Ⅰ.单句写作(应用文写作——建议信)(共15分) 1．事实上，每个人在生活中都要做许多选择。(numerous) As a matter of fact，everyone has to make numerous choices in life. 2．大多数情况下，我们做出的这些选择将直接或间接影响我们的未来。 In most circumstances，these choices we make will directly or indirectly influence our future. 3．其实，一旦做出决定，就没有退路。(there is no doing...) In fact，once a decision is made，there is no going back. 4．因此，我们不应该遗憾地回顾过去，而应该充满活力和乐观地面对我们的未来。 So instead of looking back with regret，we should be facing our future with energy and optimism. 5．下定决心做你选择的事，你会有意想不到的收获。 Make up your mind to do what you choose，and you will harvest something unexpected. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 Learning that you have difficulty making decisions in many cases，I am writing to give you some advice.As a matter of fact，everyone has to make numerous choices in life.In most circumstances，these choices we make will directly or indirectly influence our future.In fact，once a decision is made，there is no going back.So instead of looking back with regret，we should be facing our future with energy and optimism.Make up your mind to do what you choose，and you will harvest something unexpected. I do hope that the above suggestions I have put forward can be of some benefit and help you out of the dilemma.Looking forward to your early reply. Ⅱ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A The alarm rang in my ear.After silencing it，I remained in bed.My motivation to push ahead with my PhD was disappearing，which made it hard to face each new day.Continuing would risk a total breakdown.With anxiety，I decided to cease my PhD temporarily and take a 9-month position at a health care charity.Back when I looked for PhD positions，I was unclear what I wanted to study.For me，the degree mostly served as a means to an end，securing more interesting and higher-paid positions in the private sector than my master’s degree would unlock.So I wasn’t picky and reasoned a variety of projects would provide the training and degree I wanted. In hindsight(事后想来)，I should have been more selective.I ended up working on a project I was technically capable of completing but over time felt full of disappointment.The purely academic research was intellectually interesting，yet I struggled to see how it would make an impact on the wider real world. Some unexpected things amplified my trouble.I started my program in 2020，when meetings were virtual and in-person contact was actively discouraged，so I had few opportunities to form personal connections with co-workers.Research became my only focus，and when my interest in that faded，my project felt depressing. After only 1 month at the charity，it became clear that I’d made the right decision.My mental health improved and I found it easier to come into work.Things I did could matter and energize me after all—if I chose wisely.That was exactly what I needed and desired.After that realization，I decided I wanted to return to my PhD program and make changes.I told my teacher I wasn’t interested in the current research.To my relief，he was supportive，and we redesigned the project to better fit me.I will return to my program next month，optimistic that this time will be different.But if it doesn’t go as I hope，my charity experience has given me direction and confidence that I’ll live a satisfying life，with or without a PhD. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。作者攻读博士学位时，由于他一开始没有认真选择自己所做的项目，时间长了，作者失去了研究动力。后来作者在慈善机构的工作帮助他找到了目标和信心。 1．What did the author view the PhD degree as at first? A．A struggle for new days. B．A way of getting a better job. C．A breakthrough in his study. D．A chance to build connections. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“For me，the degree mostly served as a means to an end，securing more interesting and higher-paid positions...”可知，对作者来说，攻读博士学位是为了达到一个目的——找到更有趣、更高薪的职位。故选B。 2．Why did the author become disappointed at his project? A．It was of slight practical use. B．It had a high degree of difficulty. C．It failed to meet his social need. D．It showed an unpromising future. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“but over time felt full of disappointment...yet I struggled to see how it would make an impact on the wider real world”可知，作者进行的纯学术研究在智力上很有趣，但他很难看到它会对更广泛的现实世界产生影响。故选A。 3．What does the underlined word“amplified” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Reflected. B．Caused. C．Solved. D．Increased. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。画线词下文提到作者于2020年开始他的项目，当时会议是线上的，作者很少有机会与同事建立个人联系。研究成为他唯一的关注点，当他对此的兴趣消退时，他的项目令人感到沮丧。这是作者在项目上遇到的困难。再结合上一段提到的作者对项目感到失望可知，画线词所在句应表示意料之外的事增加了他的苦恼。画线词所在句总结了第三段的内容，下文是对“Some unexpected things”的解释说明。故选D。 4．How did the charity work affect the author? A．It inspired him to face challenges. B．It made him regain self-confidence. C．It helped him find a purpose in life. D．It fueled his enthusiasm for his program. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Things I did could matter and energize me after all—if I chose wisely.That was exactly what I needed and desired...”及“my charity experience has given me direction”可知，作者在慈善机构的工作帮他找到了生活的目标。故选C。 B Alcohol has long been an important part of workplace culture.In almost all aspects of life，regular alcohol consumption has even been encouraged：from college and university all through to the workplace either to strengthen relationships or to uplift spirits.Hosting meetings at bars and restaurants with drinks flowing is even part of some companies’ business strategy，through which potential business partners get drunk together to become friends，so they can trust each other not to harm the other person’s professional interests. Although some employees welcome alcohol into their work lives，the emphasis on drinking culture in the workplace doesn’t suit all.Research from 2019，conducted by researchers at the University of Stavanger in Norway，found that when employers or supervisors initiate drinking，employees feel it their obligation to participate.And among people in the UK，half of those surveyed by researchers at the University of Stirling in Scotland admitted to being pressured into drinking alcohol by colleagues and family.It also showed that generally，men felt forced into drinking more often than women，with men 20% more likely to be encouraged into drinking by their colleagues and 37% more by their bosses. Yet，as central as drinking is to workplace socialisation and strategy，there are signs that some companies are re-thinking the role of alcohol in professional settings.After all，many workers don’t drink for personal reasons，and interactions involving alcohol at work can cause anxiety.The increasingly large population of Gen Zers(Z世代，网生代) are pushing for deeper and calmer conversations without alcohol. According to a survey of 2,400 workers and 250 employees in the UK from Totaljobs，more than one in three workers see drinking with colleagues as outdated.Tactics(策略，方法) like non-alcoholic options and bonding activities that aren’t dependent on alcohol not only create a more inclusive environment for non-drinkers where they feel equally valued，and are welcome，but a space where staff who do drink feel comfortable—then everyone wins. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了酒在职场文化中的重要性，以及一些公司开始重新思考酒在职业环境中的作用。 5．What’s paragraph 1 mainly about? A．People’s love for alcohol. B．People’s prejudice against alcohol. C．The harm alcohol does. D．The role alcohol plays at work. 答案　D 解析　段落大意题。根据文章第一段中“Alcohol has long been an important part of workplace culture.”可知，第一段主要是关于酒在工作中的作用。故选D。 6．What does the underlined word “obligation” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Responsibility. B．Superiority. C．Opportunity. D．Capability. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Although some employees welcome alcohol into their work lives，the emphasis on drinking culture in the workplace doesn’t suit all.”和“when employers or supervisors initiate drinking”可知，饮酒文化并不适合所有人，领导提出饮酒的时候，有些员工认为饮酒是义务，而不是愿意喝酒，故obligation的意思是“责任，义务”。故选A。 7．What can we know about Gen Zers? A．They are mainly employers. B．They think alcohol stops clear thinking. C．They regard alcohol as effective bonding. D．They may increase alcohol consumption. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中“The increasingly large population of Gen Zers(Z世代，网生代) are pushing for deeper and calmer conversations without alcohol.”可知，Z世代认为酒会阻碍清晰的思维，影响平静的对话。故选B。 8．What does the last paragraph suggest? A．Social activities depend on alcohol. B．Most workers regard alcohol outdated. C．There are alternatives to please everyone. D．The drinking staff should stay in one space. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Tactics(策略，方法) like non-alcoholic options and bonding activities that aren’t dependent on alcohol not only...but a space where staff who do drink feel comfortable—then everyone wins.”可知，最后一段暗示有其他方法可以让每个人都满意。故选C。 Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) Born and raised in Dunhuang，Northwest China’s Gansu Province，Yao Yanbei has long been lost in the cultural heritage of the city.She 1 to Dunhuang as a promising 2 after graduating from a college in Xiamen. In 2016，inspired by patterns in Dunhuang murals(壁画)，Yao 3 a toy camel.“Through the toy camel，I intended to 4 the spirit of the locals who are usually tough-minded and hard-working，” Yao said. In August 2017，Yao spent nearly a month inside grottoes(石窟) drawing the murals.“Staying in the grottoes from dawn to dusk，I felt 5 connected with the ancient artists who 6 the murals.It was an amazing 7 ，” she said.Inspired by the sculptures and murals，Yao later designed some innovative products，including T-shirts，bookmarks，pocket mirrors and key rings. Thanks to the efforts of designers like Yao，the 8 and creative industry began to take root in Dunhuang.Starting from 2018，every year the city has 9 an international design week to help 10 the industry.“By pooling the wisdom of designers from home and abroad，we want to make Dunhuang’s creative 11 more fashionable，” said Liu Mengxing，a vice general manager of a local company. Looking ahead at her 12 in design，Yao plans to 13 Dunhuang’s ancient art further and apply the wisdom of ancient artists to products of modern life.“I want to design more creative products that 14 more international customers，” said Yao.“I hope my design can bring people 15 to Dunhuang.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述文创设计师姚彦贝在文创设计上做出了突出贡献，弘扬了敦煌的艺术文化，在他们这些文创设计师的影响下，文创产业在敦煌扎根。 1．A.travelled B．escaped C．came D．returned 答案　D 解析　根据上文“Born and raised in Dunhuang”以及下文“to Dunhuang”可知，此处指的是她毕业后“回到”敦煌。故选D。 2．A.architect B．designer C．author D．engineer 答案　B 解析　architect建筑师；designer设计师；author作者；engineer工程师。根据下文“Thanks to the efforts of designers like Yao”可知，她是一名有前途的“设计师”。故选B。 3．A.drew B．bought C．imagined D．created 答案　D 解析　根据空后的“a toy camel”及语境可知，玩具骆驼是文创产品，应该是“创作”出一只玩具骆驼。故选D。 4．A.obtain B．test C．convey D．comment 答案　C 解析　obtain获得；test测试；convey传达，传递；comment评论。根据上文“Through the toy camel”和下文“the spirit of the locals who are usually tough-minded and hard-working”可推断，她想要通过这只玩具骆驼“传达”当地人坚强、勤奋的精神，故选C。 5．A.spiritually B．emotionally C．physically D．materially 答案　A 解析　spiritually在精神上；emotionally情感上；physically 身体上；materially物质上，实质性地。根据下文“the ancient artists”可知，她与绘制壁画的古代艺术家的联系应该是“精神上”的。故选A。 6．A.wrote B．painted C．displayed D．watched 答案　B 解析　paint画，绘制；display展览。分析句子结构可知，此处是who引导的定语从句，先行词为artists，空后为“壁画”，由此可知，艺术家应是“绘制”壁画。故选B。 7．A.experience B．memory C．discovery D．attempt 答案　A 解析　experience经历，体验；memory记忆；discovery发现；attempt尝试，努力。根据上文“Staying in the grottoes from dawn to dusk...”可知，她从早到晚都待在石窟里，与古代艺术家精神相通，这是一种奇妙的“经历”，故选A。 8．A.traditional B．modern C．cultural D．ancient 答案　C 解析　traditional传统的；modern现代的；cultural文化的；ancient古代的。根据文章首句中“the cultural heritage of the city”可知，敦煌有很多文化遗址，因此有关敦煌的创意产业是“文化”产业。故选C。 9．A.pooled B．showed C．held D．taken 答案　C 解析　pool集中资源。根据空后的“an international design week”可知，此处指“举办”国际设计周，故选C。 10．A.promote B．strengthen C．change D．enlarge 答案　A 解析　promote促进，推动；strengthen加强，增强；enlarge扩大。根据下文“we want to make Dunhuang’s creative more fashionable”可知，举办设计周是为了“促进”敦煌的产业发展。故选A。 11．A.standard B．products C．environment D．pictures 答案　B 解析　standard标准；product产品；environment环境。根据上文“Inspired by the sculptures and murals，Yao later designed some innovative products”以及“By pooling the wisdom of designers from home and abroad”可知，设计师设计与敦煌文化相关的文化创意产品，故汇集众多设计师的智慧是为了让文创“产品”更时尚，故选B。 12．A.capacity B．ability C．future D．career 答案　D 解析　capacity能力；career事业。根据下文“I want to design more creative products that more international customers”可知，她展望自己的设计“事业”，故选D。 13．A.apply B．explore C．conduct D．touch 答案　B 解析　apply运用；explore探索；conduct实施，组织；touch触摸。根据下文“apply the wisdom of ancient artists to products of modern life”可知，只有进一步“探索”才会把古人的智慧应用到现代生活中。故选B。 14．A.test out B．result in C．rely on D．appeal to 答案　D 解析　test out对……进行测试；result in导致；rely on依靠；appeal to吸引。根据下文“I hope my design can bring people to Dunhuang.”可知，她想要设计更多创意产品“吸引”更多国际顾客来敦煌，故选D。 15．A.closer B．deeper C．stronger D．better 答案　A 解析　根据上文“Through the toy camel...tough-minded and hard-working”以及“I want to design more creative products that more international customers”可知，她想通过玩具骆驼传达当地人的精神，并想设计出更有创意的产品，吸引更多的国际客户，由此可推断，此处指的是她想让更多的人了解敦煌，“拉近”人们与敦煌的距离。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$