Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Understanding ideas-（课件PPT+Word教案）【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第三册教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅲ Understanding ideas A life's work UNIT 2 Part 1　课文整体理解 Part 2　长句难句分析 整体理解 课文 3 Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What’s the main idea of the passage? A.A life in photographs. B.Cunningham’s early life. C.The value of fashion. D.People’s world view. √ Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Read the passage quickly and complete the diagram. Life Behind the Lens Part 1 (Paras. 1-2)   Introduction of Bill Cunningham Bill Cunningham, an ordinary-looking  man, was one of the most important  American 1._____________ of the last  50 years.   Part 2 (Paras. 3-4) Cunningham’s fashion beliefs and devotion to photography ·He opened the doors of 2._______ to everyone. ·He put hard work into his work. photographers fashion Life Behind the Lens Part 3 (Paras. 5-6) Cunningham’s life philosophy ·His approach to life was 3._____________. ·He never accepted the 4.________ offered to him for being a fashion photographer. Part 4 (Para. 7) Cunningham’s passion for photography He had been working right up until his last illness. Nothing ever stopped him from getting the 5.______ he wanted. uncomplicated benefits photo Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1.What do we know about Bill Cunningham according to the first two paragraphs? A.He is a cycling lover. B.He is a poor worker. C.He is an old man wearing fancy clothes. D.He is an American photographer. √ 2.What made Cunningham so great? A.His ordinary-looking appearance. B.His inspiration from ordinary scenes and his hard work. C.Years of experience in fashion photography. D.Years of simple life and ability of searching for fun. √ 3.What did Cunningham think of fashion? A.High society is the source of fashion. B.The celebrities are the symbol of fashion. C.Everyone can enjoy the beauty of fashion. D.Big brands tend to be fashionable. √ 4.What kept Cunningham focused on his craft? A.The good profit. B.The love from high society. C.The lack of self-interest and promotion. D.The trouble of simple life. √ 5.Why was Cunningham called a “cultural anthropologist”？ A.Because he recorded the life of a whole city and its people using his photos. B.Because his work had something to do with culture. C.Because people tend to connect him with culture. D.Because people respect and love him. √ Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 Bill Cunningham was an ordinary-looking man and one of the 1.____ __________(important) American photographers of the last 50 years.He always used simple,2. (relative) cheap cameras and took all his pictures on the streets of New York.He would like 3._______________ (photograph) ordinary people as much as VIPs and found inspiration 4. others could not，in simple，everyday scenes.These scenes were real and Cunningham could see beauty and potential within their reality. important most relatively to photograph where In addition，Cunningham was devoted 5. photography.He would even stay outside in a storm，not 6. (come) back until he knew he had the right photos.This devotion and hard work can 7. (reflect) within his photos.Although he was world-famous，Cunningham lived a simple life and never accepted the benefits 8. (offer) to him.He thought “Money is the cheapest thing.” In his view，“Freedom is the most expensive.” At the age of 87 he passed 9. and had been working right up until his last illness.His hard work made him more than a fashion photographer. to coming be reflected offered away He was an 10. (observe)，and not one of the observed，a worker not a star，and this was how he wanted it. 返 回 observer 难句分析 长句 15 Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ 1.If you saw him，you’d never think there was anything ______________ (remark) about him.(P18 Para.1) 结构分析：此句为 句。if引导 从句；there was anything... him是 从句，省略了 。 如果你看到他，你不会觉得他有任何引人注目的地方。 remarkable 复合 条件状语 宾语 that 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ 2.Nor was it (广泛的) contacts and (connect). (P19 Para.3) 结构分析：此句为 句。表示 意义的词位于句首时，句子用___ _______。 也不是因为他交友广泛，识人无数。 a wide range of connections 倒装 否定 部 分倒装 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.Although he always knew where (fashion) parties and events were happening，Cunningham liked to photograph ordinary people ____ the poor Bronx as much as VIPs in rich Manhattan.(P19 Para.3) 结构分析：此句为 句。although引导 从句，从句中where引导 从句。 虽然他总是知道时尚聚会和大型活动举办的地点，但无论是对于在贫穷的布朗克斯拍摄普通人，还是在富裕的曼哈顿拍摄贵宾，他都同样喜欢。 fashionable in 复合 让步状语 宾语 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.Through his (fascinate) with what people were wearing，and not who they were，he opened the doors of fashion everyone—fashion as he saw it belonged to the people，not just high society and big brands.(P19 Para.3) 结构分析：此句为 句。破折号前面的句子中含有what和who引导的两个并列的 从句，作介词with的 ；破折号后的句子主干是 _______结构，as he saw it为as引导的 从句，在句中作插入语。 他用自己迷恋的对象——关注人们穿什么，而不是这些人是谁——向所有人打开了时尚的大门。在他看来，时尚属于民众，而不仅仅属于上流社会和大品牌。 fascination to to 复合 宾语 宾语 主谓宾 方式状语 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 5.Moreover，what made Cunningham great was his (devote) to photography，and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work.(P19 Para.4) 结构分析：此句为 句。what引导 从句，在从句中作 ；he put into his work为省略了which/that的 从句，修饰_____________ ______________________。 此外，坎宁安的伟大之处还在于他对摄影的奉献精神，以及他在工作中投入的大量时间和精力。 devotion 复合 主语 主语 定语 the hours and hours of sheer hard work 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 6.He would even stay outside a storm，not (come) back until he knew he had the right photos.(P19 Para.4) 结构分析：此句为 句。not...until...意思是“ ”，until引导 从句；该从句中的he had the right photos是 从句。 甚至在暴风雨时，他也会待在外面，直到他认为自己已经拍摄到满意的照片才回家。 in coming 复合 直到……才…… 时间状语 宾语 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ 7.This (devote) and hard work is what we see (reflect) within his photos.(P19 Para.4) 结构分析：此句为 句。what引导 从句，在从句中作see的 。 我们可以从他的照片中看到这种奉献和努力。 devotion reflected 复合 表语 宾语 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 8.A simple restaurant was where he (usual) had the same meal of sausages，eggs and coffee.(P20 Para.5) 结构分析：此句为 句。where引导 从句。 他经常到一家简单的餐馆吃同样的食物，有香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡。 usually 复合 表语 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 9.This lack of self-interest and (promote) kept Cunningham focused on his craft，enabling him (capture) New York’s unique street style.(P20 Para.6) 结构分析：此句为 句。句中kept Cunningham focused on his craft为“keep＋宾语＋ ”结构；enabling him...为动词-ing短语作 。 对自身利益和升迁毫不关注，这使坎宁安能够专注于自己的技能，捕捉到纽约独特的街头风格。 promotion to capture 简单 宾语补足语 结果状语 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ 10.He was 87 when he passed ，and (work) right up until his last illness.(P20 Para.7) 结构分析：此句为 句。when引导 从句。 他在87岁时与世长辞，一直到最后生病前他都在工作。 away had been working 复合 时间状语 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ 11.Nothing ever stopped him from (get) the photo he wanted.(P20 Para.7) 结构分析：此句为 句。he wanted是省略了that/which的 从句，修饰先行词 。 没有什么能阻挡他拍到想要的照片。 getting 复合 定语 the photo Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 1　强调句型 These things were real，and it was within their reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential.(P19 Para.3) 这些东西是真实的，在这种真实中，坎宁安看到了美好和潜力。 结构分析：本句是由and连接的并列句。第二个分句为强调句型，强调了状语within their reality。 强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who... 强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who...? 强调句型的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that...? [名师点津] (1)当被强调部分指人时，可以用that或who；指物或时间、地点、原因等，只能用that。 (2)被强调的部分是主语时，注意谓语动词的形式应与被强调的主语保持一致。 (3)not...until强调句：It is/was not until...that...。 (1)每当我遇到麻烦时，都是我的室友帮助我。 whenever I was in trouble. (2)第24届冬奥会是在什么地方举行的？ the 24th Winter Olympic Games was held? It was my roommates who/that helped me out Where was it that (3)直到她找不到合适的工作，她才意识到教育的重要性。 the importance of education _____________________ ___________. →___________________________________________________________________________________(改成not...until强调句) 注意：强调句型的判断方法：去掉it is/was 与that/who，剩余部分若结构完整，句意明确，则为强调句型，否则就不是。 She didn’t realize until she failed to find a suitable job It was not until she failed to find a suitable job that she realized the importance of education. 2　“no matter＋特殊疑问词”引导的让步状语从句  He valued his integrity and would not be bought by anyone，no matter how many free clothes or flights to faraway destinations he was offered.(P20 Para.6) 他珍视自己的正直，不为任何人所动摇，无论提供给他多少免费衣物或远程航班。 结构分析：此句为复合句。no matter how引导的是让步状语从句。 句中的no matter how相当于however，引导让步状语从句。 • no matter 与what，who，whom，which，where，when，how等疑问 词连用，只能引导让步状语从句，可换成“疑问词＋-ever”。 • whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever等既可以引导让步状语从 句，也可以引导名词性从句。 (1)信不信由你，你几乎可以在这家杂货店买到任何你想要的东西。 Believe it or not， in the grocery store. (2)无论可能遇到什么困难，我们都会专心完成这项艰巨的任务。 ，we’ll finish the tough task intently. (3)不论我何时遇到困难，都是你毫不犹豫地来帮助我。 ，it is you who come to my assistance without hesitation. you can buy almost whatever you want Whatever/No matter what difficulties we may meet Whenever/No matter when I am in trouble (4)无论你多么努力，如果不减少进食量，很难减肥。 ，it’s difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. However/No matter how hard you try 课文重点词块默写 1.一位白发老人 _____________________ 2.仅仅，只不过 _________________ 3.(为画像、摄影)摆好姿势 ________ 4.美国近50年来最重要的摄影师之一 _____________________________________________________________ 5.各种各样的 ______________ 6.在当地杂货店 ______________________ 7.和……一样多 __________ a white-haired old man nothing more than pose for one of the most important American photographers of the last 50 years a wide range of at the local grocery store as much as 8.对……入迷/着迷 ______________ 9.属于 _________ 10.对……的挚爱/忠诚/奉献 __________ 11.将……投入…… __________ 12.休假，休息 ________ 13.从未，从来没有 ________ 14.世界著名的时尚摄影师 _________________________________ 15.共用洗手间的小公寓 _____________________________________ fascination with belong to devotion to put...into... take...off not once a world-famous fashion photographer a small apartment with a shared washroom 16.而不是 __________ 17.玩得开心 ________ 18.缺乏；缺少 _______ 19.去世 _________ 20.不仅仅；不止 _________ rather than have fun lack of pass away more than 返 回 本课结束 $$ Section Ⅲ　Understanding ideas Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What’s the main idea of the passage? A．A life in photographs. B．Cunningham’s early life. C．The value of fashion. D．People’s world view. 答案　A Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Read the passage quickly and complete the diagram. Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．What do we know about Bill Cunningham according to the first two paragraphs? A．He is a cycling lover. B．He is a poor worker. C．He is an old man wearing fancy clothes. D．He is an American photographer. 答案　D 2．What made Cunningham so great? A．His ordinary-looking appearance. B．His inspiration from ordinary scenes and his hard work. C．Years of experience in fashion photography. D．Years of simple life and ability of searching for fun. 答案　B 3．What did Cunningham think of fashion? A．High society is the source of fashion. B．The celebrities are the symbol of fashion. C．Everyone can enjoy the beauty of fashion. D．Big brands tend to be fashionable. 答案　C 4．What kept Cunningham focused on his craft? A．The good profit. B．The love from high society. C．The lack of self-interest and promotion. D．The trouble of simple life. 答案　C 5．Why was Cunningham called a “cultural anthropologist”？ A．Because he recorded the life of a whole city and its people using his photos. B．Because his work had something to do with culture. C．Because people tend to connect him with culture. D．Because people respect and love him. 答案　A Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 Bill Cunningham was an ordinary-looking man and one of the 1.most important(important) American photographers of the last 50 years.He always used simple,2.relatively(relative) cheap cameras and took all his pictures on the streets of New York.He would like 3.to photograph(photograph) ordinary people as much as VIPs and found inspiration 4.where others could not，in simple，everyday scenes.These scenes were real and Cunningham could see beauty and potential within their reality.In addition，Cunningham was devoted 5.to photography.He would even stay outside in a storm，not 6.coming(come) back until he knew he had the right photos.This devotion and hard work can 7.be reflected(reflect) within his photos.Although he was world-famous，Cunningham lived a simple life and never accepted the benefits 8.offered(offer) to him.He thought “Money is the cheapest thing.” In his view，“Freedom is the most expensive.” At the age of 87 he passed 9.away and had been working right up until his last illness.His hard work made him more than a fashion photographer.He was an 10.observer(observe)，and not one of the observed，a worker not a star，and this was how he wanted it. Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．If you saw him，you’d never think there was anything remarkable(remark) about him.(P18 Para.1) 结构分析：此句为复合句。if引导条件状语从句；there was anything...him是宾语从句，省略了that。 汉语翻译：如果你看到他，你不会觉得他有任何引人注目的地方。 2．Nor was it a wide range of(广泛的) contacts and connections(connect)．(P19 Para.3) 结构分析：此句为倒装句。表示否定意义的词位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。 汉语翻译：也不是因为他交友广泛，识人无数。 3．Although he always knew where fashionable(fashion) parties and events were happening，Cunningham liked to photograph ordinary people in the poor Bronx as much as VIPs in rich Manhattan.(P19 Para.3) 结构分析：此句为复合句。although引导让步状语从句，从句中where引导宾语从句。 汉语翻译：虽然他总是知道时尚聚会和大型活动举办的地点，但无论是对于在贫穷的布朗克斯拍摄普通人，还是在富裕的曼哈顿拍摄贵宾，他都同样喜欢。 4．Through his fascination(fascinate) with what people were wearing，and not who they were，he opened the doors of fashion to everyone—fashion as he saw it belonged to the people，not just to high society and big brands.(P19 Para.3) 结构分析：此句为复合句。破折号前面的句子中含有what和who引导的两个并列的宾语从句，作介词with的宾语；破折号后的句子主干是主谓宾结构，as he saw it为as引导的方式状语从句，在句中作插入语。 汉语翻译：他用自己迷恋的对象——关注人们穿什么，而不是这些人是谁——向所有人打开了时尚的大门。在他看来，时尚属于民众，而不仅仅属于上流社会和大品牌。 5．Moreover，what made Cunningham great was his devotion(devote) to photography，and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work.(P19 Para.4) 结构分析：此句为复合句。what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语；he put into his work为省略了which/that的定语从句，修饰the hours and hours of sheer hard work。 汉语翻译：此外，坎宁安的伟大之处还在于他对摄影的奉献精神，以及他在工作中投入的大量时间和精力。 6．He would even stay outside in a storm，not coming(come) back until he knew he had the right photos.(P19 Para.4) 结构分析：此句为复合句。not...until...意思是“直到……才……”，until引导时间状语从句；该从句中的he had the right photos是宾语从句。 汉语翻译：甚至在暴风雨时，他也会待在外面，直到他认为自己已经拍摄到满意的照片才回家。 7．This devotion(devote) and hard work is what we see reflected(reflect) within his photos.(P19 Para.4) 结构分析：此句为复合句。what引导表语从句，在从句中作see的宾语。 汉语翻译：我们可以从他的照片中看到这种奉献和努力。 8．A simple restaurant was where he usually(usual) had the same meal of sausages，eggs and coffee.(P20 Para.5) 结构分析：此句为复合句。where引导表语从句。 汉语翻译：他经常到一家简单的餐馆吃同样的食物，有香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡。 9．This lack of self-interest and promotion(promote) kept Cunningham focused on his craft，enabling him to capture(capture) New York’s unique street style.(P20 Para.6) 结构分析：此句为简单句。句中kept Cunningham focused on his craft为“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构；enabling him...为动词-ing短语作结果状语。 汉语翻译：对自身利益和升迁毫不关注，这使坎宁安能够专注于自己的技能，捕捉到纽约独特的街头风格。 10．He was 87 when he passed away，and had been working(work) right up until his last illness.(P20 Para.7) 结构分析：此句为复合句。when引导时间状语从句。 汉语翻译：他在87岁时与世长辞，一直到最后生病前他都在工作。 11．Nothing ever stopped him from getting(get) the photo he wanted.(P20 Para.7) 结构分析：此句为复合句。he wanted是省略了that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the photo。 汉语翻译：没有什么能阻挡他拍到想要的照片。 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 强调句型 These things were real，and it was within their reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential.(P19 Para.3) 这些东西是真实的，在这种真实中，坎宁安看到了美好和潜力。 结构分析：本句是由and连接的并列句。第二个分句为强调句型，强调了状语within their reality。 ————————————————————————————————————————强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who... 强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who...? 强调句型的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that...? [名师点津] (1)当被强调部分指人时，可以用that或who；指物或时间、地点、原因等，只能用that。 (2)被强调的部分是主语时，注意谓语动词的形式应与被强调的主语保持一致。 (3)not...until强调句：It is/was not until...that...。 ————————————————————————————————————————(1)每当我遇到麻烦时，都是我的室友帮助我。 It was my roommates who/that helped me out whenever I was in trouble. (2)第24届冬奥会是在什么地方举行的？ Where was it that the 24th Winter Olympic Games was held? (3)直到她找不到合适的工作，她才意识到教育的重要性。 She didn’t realize the importance of education until she failed to find a suitable job. →It was not until she failed to find a suitable job that she realized the importance of education.(改成not...until强调句) 注意：强调句型的判断方法：去掉it is/was 与that/who，剩余部分若结构完整，句意明确，则为强调句型，否则就不是。 “no matter＋特殊疑问词”引导的让步状语从句 He valued his integrity and would not be bought by anyone，no matter how many free clothes or flights to faraway destinations he was offered.(P20 Para.6) 他珍视自己的正直，不为任何人所动摇，无论提供给他多少免费衣物或远程航班。 结构分析：此句为复合句。no matter how引导的是让步状语从句。 ————————————————————————————————————————句中的no matter how相当于however，引导让步状语从句。 •no matter 与what，who，whom，which，where，when，how等疑问词连用，只能引导让步状语从句，可换成“疑问词＋-ever”。 •whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever等既可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句。 ————————————————————————————————————————(1)信不信由你，你几乎可以在这家杂货店买到任何你想要的东西。 Believe it or not，you can buy almost whatever you want in the grocery store. (2)无论可能遇到什么困难，我们都会专心完成这项艰巨的任务。 Whatever/No matter what difficulties we may meet，we’ll finish the tough task intently. (3)不论我何时遇到困难，都是你毫不犹豫地来帮助我。 Whenever/No matter when I am in trouble，it is you who come to my assistance without hesitation. (4)无论你多么努力，如果不减少进食量，很难减肥。 However/No matter how hard you try，it’s difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. 课文重点词块默写 1．一位白发老人a white-haired old man 2．仅仅，只不过nothing more than 3．(为画像、摄影)摆好姿势pose for 4．美国近50年来最重要的摄影师之一one of the most important American photographers of the last 50 years 5．各种各样的a wide range of 6．在当地杂货店at the local grocery store 7．和……一样多as much as 8．对……入迷/着迷fascination with 9．属于belong to 10．对……的挚爱/忠诚/奉献devotion to 11．将……投入……put...into... 12．休假，休息take...off 13．从未，从来没有not once 14．世界著名的时尚摄影师a world-famous fashion photographer 15．共用洗手间的小公寓a small apartment with a shared washroom 16．而不是rather than 17．玩得开心have fun 18．缺乏；缺少lack of 19．去世pass away 20．不仅仅；不止more than 训练2　Understanding ideas　[分值：50分] Ⅰ.单句写作(共15分) (应用文写作——申请加入学校摄影俱乐部) 1．了解到学校摄影俱乐部正在招募新成员，我非常愿意加入。(more than) Learning that the school photography club is recruiting new members，I am more than willing to join. 2．我已参加过摄影课程，掌握了很多拍摄技巧。(现在分词短语作状语) I have attended photography courses，mastering a lot of shooting skills. 3．我很少错过任何拍摄美好事物的机会。(否定词位于句首的倒装句) Seldom have I missed any chance to photograph beautiful things. 4．正是我对摄影的极度热爱使我有资格成为俱乐部的一员。(强调句型) It is my extreme passion for photography that makes me qualified to be a member of the club. 5．无论遇到什么困难，我都不会放弃成为一名专业摄影师的梦想。(no matter＋疑问词) No matter what difficulties I meet，I will never give up my dream to be a professional photographer. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 Dear president， Learning that the school photography club is recruiting new members，I am more than willing to join.Ever since middle school，I have attended photography courses，mastering a lot of shooting techniques.What’s more，seldom have I missed any chance to photograph beautiful things.As far as I am concerned，it is my extreme passion for photography that makes me qualified to be a member of the club.No matter what difficulties I meet，I will never give up my dream to be a professional photographer. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours， Li Hua Ⅱ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A The French couple，Katia and Maurice Krafft，shared an attraction to volcanoes，one that perhaps approached an addiction.There are many people interested in volcanoes，but very few who are willing to climb an erupting crater(火山口) and approach the flowing lava(岩浆)．Katia and Maurice did a lot of work，shooting photographs and films of volcano eruptions，always being the first on the scene of an active volcano，and the ones who fearlessly came to just a few feet from lava flows.They were not only highly respected by volcanologists all around the world，but also envied. The couple met in the 1960s when they were both students at the University of Strasbourg，and got married in 1970.Both of them were attracted to volcanoes since childhood.Upon graduating，Katia and Maurice pursued their careers as volcano observers with no financial support at all，just their own savings，which they spent on a trip to Stromboli to observe the eruption of the volcano. They took an incredible and valuable set of photographs of the near-continuous eruption.People were curious about the photographs，while public officials working on threatening volcanoes found them useful.This interest in their work helped the French couple to establish a career in documenting eruptions.Now able to obtain financial support for their work，Katia and Maurice visited hundreds，if not thousands，of volcanoes around the globe.They traveled and recorded eruptions，always getting closer to the danger than anyone else. In June 1991，along with 40 other people，the Kraffts set out to film the eruption at Mount Unzen in Japan.A sudden and unexpected flow took place and all the people in its path were killed.Later investigation revealed that Katia’s and Maurice’s bodies were closest to the volcano crater.They were 44 and 45 years old respectively. In their 25-year-long career，the couple documented hundreds of volcanoes，and their work consists of thousands of still photos,300 hours of film materials，a number of books，and scientific articles published in Bulletin of Volcanology. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了法国火山学家卡蒂亚·克拉夫特和莫里斯·克拉夫特夫妇不顾危险共同致力于火山研究，其热爱令人敬佩。 1．When did the couple start their careers as volcano observers? A．As children. B．While studying at college. C．When leaving university. D．After getting married. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Upon graduating，Katia and Maurice pursued their careers as volcano observers”可知，夫妇二人大学一毕业就开始了他们的火山观察事业。故选C项。 2．What is unique to the couple’s photographs of volcanoes? A．They focused on threatening volcanoes. B．They were taken with their own savings. C．They recorded continuous eruption of volcanoes. D．They were shot at a shorter distance from lava flows. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Katia and Maurice...always being the first on the scene of an active volcano，and the ones who fearlessly came to just a few feet from lava flows.”可知，他们选择在比其他人更接近火山口和岩浆流的地方拍摄照片，这让他们的照片与众不同。故选D项。 3．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A．The couple didn’t get prepared before setting out. B．The couple had been married for 25 years before the accident. C．The couple made a great fortune with what they shot. D．The couple went ahead of the rest at the last minute. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“Later investigation revealed that Katia’s and Maurice’s bodies were closest to the volcano crater.”可知，夫妇二人的尸体是离火山口最近的，这对夫妇在最后一刻走在了其他人的前面。故选D项。 4．Which of the following can best describe the couple? A．Caring and demanding. B．Promising and optimistic. C．Brave and devoted. D．Dynamic and calm. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“They traveled and recorded eruptions，always getting closer to the danger than anyone else.”和最后一段内容可知，夫妇二人总是冲在离火山口最近的第一线，25年间获取了大量一手的宝贵资料，所以他们是勇敢和敬业的。故选C项。 B The commonly held belief that it takes 21 days to form a new habit can be traced back to a 1960 book by plastic surgeon Maxwel Maltz called Psycho-Cybernetics.In his work treating patients who had gone through facial reconstruction surgery，Maltz noticed that it typically took around three weeks for them to adjust to seeing their new faces in the mirror.He also found that individuals who had lost a limb still sensed “phantom(幻觉的)”pains in the missing arm or leg for about 21 days. Based on these perceptions(认知) of recovery time after significant physical changes，Maltz theorized in his book that it likely takes a minimum of 21 days for the neurological path ways in our brains associated with old behaviors and habits to go away，and for new mental images and routines to take firm root.This idea of a standardized 21-day formation period for habits soon became widely accepted. However，Maltz was drawing causal inferences rather than conducting strict scientific research.It wasn’t until 2010 that health psychologist Phillippa Lally at University College London decided to properly study habit formation timelines.She designed a year-long experiment that tracked 96 participants as they each established a single new habit of their choosing.Every day，subjects reported on whether they successfully performed their intended behavior that day as well as how automatic the action felt. Lally’s findings revealed that on average，it took 66 days before a habit became a normal part of a routine and felt automatic.But results varied widely，with habits forming anywhere from 18 days up to 254 days between individuals.Consistency(连贯性) was the key factor in successfully making a behavior habitual，with sometimes missing days not stopping overall progress. This landmark study proved the assumed 21-day standard to be false and showed that a wide range of timelines are normal. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是来自伦敦大学学院的健康心理学家Phillippa Lally通过研究推翻了人们所认同的21天养成新习惯的理论，他们团队研究发现形成新习惯平均需要66天，个体差异巨大。 5．What is Maltz’s assumption based on? A．A strict scientific research. B．Psychological work. C．His personal observations. D．Carefully designed surveys. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“In his work treating patients...leg for about 21 days.”以及第二段中“Based on these perceptions(认知)．..and for new mental images and routines to take firm root.”可知，他的假设应该是基于个人观察。故选C项。 6．Why did Lally’s team conduct the research? A．To support Maltz’s theory on habit formation. B．To explore the factors in affecting habit formation. C．To identify the timelines for establishing new habits. D．To explain advantages of developing good behaviors. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“However，Maltz was drawing causal inferences rather than conducting strict scientific research.It wasn’t until 2010 that health psychologist Phillippa Lally at University College London decided to properly study habit formation timelines.”可知，Lally的团队进行研究的原因是认为Maltz的新习惯养成的时间结论不科学，所以他们要通过研究确定形成新习惯所需的时间。故选C项。 7．What do we know about Lally’s findings? A．It is harder to form a new habit than to stick to an old one. B．There are large individual differences in forming habits. C．Most participants took 66 days to make a behavior habitual. D．Occasional stops have a big effect on the process of habit formation. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Lally’s findings revealed that on average，it took 66 days before a habit became a normal part of a routine and felt automatic.But results varied widely，with habits forming anywhere from 18 days up to 254 days between individuals.”可知，Lally的研究发现，习惯的形成有很大的个体差异。故选B项。 8．What is the best title for the text? A．Does It Really Take 21 Days to Build a New Habit? B．How Do We Develop Some Positive Daily Routines? C．What Are the Key Aspects to Establish a New Habit? D．When Is the Best Time to Start Positive Daily Routines? 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。本文第一、二段中介绍了Maltz通过观察发现人们需要21天形成一个新习惯，该结论被人们广泛接受；第三、四段介绍伦敦大学学院的健康心理学家Phillippa Lally通过严格的科学研究发现，一个习惯成为生活中的一部分平均需要66天，但是个体差异很大；再结合尾段可知，这一新的研究推翻了之前人们广泛接受的形成习惯需要21天的理论。所以A项可概括全文的主题。故选A项。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，共15分) My friend Wes has cancer.He has 1 every other week.He gets chemo(化疗) on Monday，wears a pump and tubes on Tuesday，and has them 2 at the end of Wednesday.Usually，I remember the 3 ，but sometimes I need to ask him whether it’s a chemo week or an off week. Wes always 4 his chemo schedule in a different way.He called his chemo weeks “good weeks” and his off weeks “great weeks”．Every time he called his schedule that way，I would give him 5 and tell him，“You really don’t 6 to be strong all the time.” I thought he was trying hard to be 7 and that he was putting on a brave face.However，he didn’t care what others thought of him. My opinion of Wes 8 when he came to visit me on a Sunday.On that nice Sunday，I was cooking and watching birds.I was 9 my life when it hit me：Wes isn’t trying to be 10 optimistic.He considers his chemo weeks not 11 at all because those weeks keep him 12 .Wes is thankful to be still here on Earth. His words during our meal proved my 13 .“The chemo weeks let me live to enjoy my life.So I 14 those weeks，” he said with a smile.Hearing that，I made a(n) 15 .I shouldn’t have misunderstood him. Influenced by Wes，I’m trying to remove the term “bad day” from my vocabulary. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者的朋友得了癌症，但是却总是积极乐观，作者开始以为朋友是装出来的积极乐观，后来意识到自己误解了朋友，向朋友道歉的故事，并感悟要保持积极乐观的生活态度。 1．A.communication B．treatment C．conferences D．adventures 答案　B 解析　根据上文“My friend Wes has cancer.”和常识可知，应是每隔一周接受一次治疗，故选B。 2．A.created B．displayed C．removed D．accepted 答案　C 解析　根据上文“He gets chemo(化疗) on Monday，wears a pump and tubes on Tuesday”可知，他周二戴上泵和管子，所以应是结束时把泵和管子摘下来，故选C。 3．A.track B．routine C．event D．activity 答案　B 解析　根据下文“but sometimes I need to ask him whether it’s a chemo week or an off week”可知，上下文是转折关系，由此推断作者一般情况下都记得他是休息还是化疗，所以是日程安排，故选B。 4．A.made up B．went through C．got into D．referred to 答案　D 解析　根据下文“He called his chemo weeks ‘good weeks’ and his off weeks ‘great weeks’．”可知，韦斯总是以不同的方式提到他的化疗计划，故选D。 5．A.warnings B．advice C．invitations D．comment 答案　B 解析　根据下文“You really don’t to be strong all the time.”可知，此处是作者给朋友韦斯的建议，故选B。 6．A.need B．like C．deserve D．expect 答案　A 解析　根据下文“I thought he was trying hard to be and that he was putting on a brave face.”可知，作者认为朋友一直假装坚强，所以作者想劝朋友不必一直坚强，故选A。 7．A.healthy B．smart C．honest D．positive 答案　D 解析　根据下文“that he was putting on a brave face”可知，作者认为朋友是在努力表现得积极，故选D。 8．A.formed B．disappear C．changed D．flowed 答案　C 解析　根据下文“Wes isn’t trying to be optimistic.”可知，此处是作者对朋友的看法改变了，故选C。 9．A.misunderstanding B．enjoying C．running D．wasting 答案　B 解析　根据上文“On that nice Sunday，I was cooking and watching birds.”可知，作者正在享受生活，故选B。 10．A.falsely B．highly C．reasonably D．unfairly 答案　A 解析　根据下文“He considers his chemo weeks not at all because those weeks keep him .Wes is thankful to be still here on Earth.”可知，作者突然觉得韦斯并不是假装积极乐观的，故选A。 11．A.awful B．strange C．important D．different 答案　A 解析　根据下文“because those weeks keep him ”可知，化疗能让韦斯活下来，所以他认为化疗并不可怕，故选A。 12．A.busy B．poor C．alive D．tired 答案　C 解析　根据下文“Wes is thankful to be still here on Earth.”和常识可知，化疗让韦斯活下来，故选C。 13．A.method B．attempt C．guess D．result 答案　C 解析　根据上文“Wes isn’t trying to be optimistic.He considers his chemo weeks not at all because those weeks keep him .”和下文“‘The chemo weeks let me live to enjoy my life.So I those weeks，’ he said with a smile.”可知，韦斯说的话证实了作者的猜测，故选C。 14．A.fear B．avoid C．record D．value 答案　D 解析　根据上文“The chemo weeks let me live to enjoy my life.”可知，韦斯应该是珍惜化疗的那几周，故选D。 15．A.apology B．complaint C．decision D．argument 答案　A 解析　根据下文“I shouldn’t have misunderstood him.”可知，作者应该是向朋友道歉，故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$