Unit 1 Section Ⅲ-（课件PPT+Word教案）【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第四册教师用书（人教版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Reviewing Useful Structures 阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并完成下面的练习 Are you ready to get fit? We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Center will soon be open to the public once again.Our facilities ①have been enlarged and redone，and our center is now bigger and better than ever before.The finishing touches ②are now being put to a new swimming pool and our workout rooms ③will have been updated with modern equipment by the end of this month.Come by and check them out! Better still，we will update our fitness courses every few months so that more popular courses can be included.Weight training classes，for example，④are being designed and ⑤will be added to our programme soon.We will invite professional athletes to be our coaches.We are confident that we have something for everyone.Looking forward to seeing you here! 自主发现 以上黑体部分均使用了被动语态，其中句①是现在完成时的被动语态，其构成是have/has been done; 句②和④是现在进行时的被动语态，其构成是am/is/are being done；句③是将来完成时的被动语态，其构成是will/shall have been done；句⑤是一般将来时的被动语态，其构成是will/shall be done。 被动语态 一、被动语态的概念 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示句子主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示句子主语是动作的承受者。使用被动语态的句子，谓语动词的形式是“be＋动词的过去分词”。一般来讲，只有及物动词才有被动语态。有时被动语态中动作的执行者用by短语表示出来。 二、被动语态的用法 1．不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时。 The meeting has been put off for some reason. 会议已因故被推迟了。 2．强调动作的承受者时，需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语表示出来。 A special class to help poor readers was set up by an expert in the school. 学校的一位专家开办了一个帮助阅读困难者的特色班。 三、各种时态的被动语态 1．These electric devices are examined and fixed on a monthly basis. 这些电器每月都被检修。 2．The science fiction novel was published in 2016. 这部科幻小说于2016年出版。 3．The new type of robot will be tested out by some restaurants near the company. 这种新型机器人将会被公司附近的一些餐馆测试。 4．Many animals are being killed and their habitats are being damaged. 许多动物正在被杀害，而且它们的栖息地正在遭到破坏。 5．When I arrived at the garage，my car was still being repaired. 当我到达修理厂的时候，我的汽车仍在修理中。 6．The manager said Tom would be dismissed. 经理说汤姆会被解雇。 7．The book has been translated into thirty languages since it came on the market in 1973. 这本书自1973年上市以来已被译成30种语言。 8．The chairwoman said she had been invited to the party. 女主席说她已经受邀参加晚会了。 9．The project will have been finished by the end of next month. 到下个月末，这项工程将被完成。 [总结] 时态 被动语态的构成 一般现在时 be(am/is/are) done 一般过去时 be(was/were) done 一般将来时 shall/will be done 现在进行时 be(am/is/are) being done 过去进行时 be(was/were) being done 过去将来时 should/would be done 现在完成时 have/has been done 过去完成时 had been done 将来完成时 will have been done 四、各种时态的被动语态的特殊情况 1．否定词not的位置：在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。 The boy breathed a sigh of relief when hearing that he wouldn’t be dismissed. 当听说他不会被开除时，这个男孩松了口气。 2．主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，变被动句时应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。 (1)We saw him sitting there without doing anything. →He was seen sitting there without doing anything by us. 我们看见他坐在那儿，什么也没做。 (2)His words made me throw up. →I was made to throw up by his words. 他的话令我作呕。 [名师点津]　在主动语态中，make，hear，see等词后接不定式作宾补时要省略to，但转换为被动语态时，则不能省略to。 3．带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表示物的(直接)宾语变为主语，用for或to引出表示人的(间接)宾语，或将表示人的(间接)宾语变为主语。 My father is telling me an interesting story now. →An interesting story is being told to me by my father now. →I’m being told an interesting story by my father now. 爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。 4．动词短语是一个整体，在主动语态或被动语态中都不可去掉后面的介词或副词。 Kids in the kindergarten are being taken good care of.幼儿园的孩子们被照顾得很好。 5．主动形式表示被动意义 (1)连系动词(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，seem，appear，prove等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。 The idea sounds great. 这个主意听起来棒极了。 The popcorn they made looked wonderful and tasted delicious. 他们做的爆米花看起来棒极了，吃起来也很美味。 (2)当wash，write，sell，open，close，shut，lock，cook等不及物动词后加副词(easily，well等)时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of cloth washes easily and lasts long. 这种布料很容易洗，并且耐穿。 The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. 父亲给我作为生日礼物的钢笔写起来很流畅。 (3)need，want，require，deserve等＋doing用主动形式表示被动意义。 His hair needs cutting. →His hair needs to be cut. 他的头发需要剪了。 (4)be worth doing→be worthy to be done主动形式表示被动意义。 The novel is worth reading again. →The novel is worthy to be read again. 这部小说值得再读一次。 五、动词不定式的被动语态 1．I am very happy to be thus praised. 受到如此褒奖我非常高兴。 The magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the library. 这些杂志不允许带出图书馆。 The room seems to have been broken into. 似乎有人闯进过这个房间。 I am proud to have been admitted to Peking University. 我很自豪已被北京大学录取。 [总结]　动词不定式的被动语态由“to＋be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，当动词不定式所表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，要用动词不定式的被动式。动词不定式的被动式只有一般式(to be done)和完成式(to have been done)。 2．动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的情况 (1)sb have sth to do/There be sth to do 句型中 Before the end of the meeting，I have something important to declare. 会议结束之前，我有很重要的事情要宣布。 There is so much homework to do every day，which almost drives me mad. 每天有那么多家庭作业要做，这几乎让我发疯。 (2)动词不定式跟在性质形容词(difficult，hard，easy，comfortable，good等)后，与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时(构成sb/sth be＋adj.＋to do) Our headmaster looks hard to get close to，but in fact he is easy to get along with. 我们校长看起来很难接近，但实际上他很容易相处。 (3)“疑问词＋to do”结构 With so many books at hand，Tom had no idea which to read first. 手上有那么多的书，汤姆不知道先读哪一本。 六、被动语态和过去分词作表语 1．意义差别 The window is broken.窗子破了。 The window is broken by him.窗子被他打破了。 [总结]　被动语态强调动作；过去分词作表语描写人或事物的特征及状态。 2．用法差别 He was very interested in science.(系表结构) 他对科学非常有兴趣。 I was so much surprised by the scene that I didn’t know what to do.(被动语态) 我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。 [总结]　过去分词作表语时接近形容词的特征，可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰；而被动语态不能用so，very，too修饰，需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．It was built(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored. 2．The water felt(feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. 3．The median(中间值的) age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and is expected(expect) to increase to 42 by 2050. 4．They are living with their parents because their own house is being decorated(decorate)． 5．Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed(employ) only since the mid-1980s，and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area. 6．Anyone who has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising(praise)． 7．Jones got the idea after he had talked with a saleswoman who had been cheated(cheat) of her money. 8．Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running(run) out.We must take action immediately. 9．After he took over the company，he decided to have more workers for the project so that it won’t be delayed(delay)． 10．In her speech，the chairwoman stresses that no problem here is difficult to work(work) out，if we think carefully enough. Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用被动语态 The Wandering Earth is a science fiction novel which 1.is written by Liu Cixin(刘慈欣所写)．It 2.is considered as(被认为是) one of the best science fiction stories.After the novel 3.was published(被出版)，it drew wide attention.The story of the novel 4.is based on science(基于科学)，imagination and personal experience.The novel 5.has been translated into many languages(已被翻译成许多种语言) so far.Now it 6.is being read by people all over the world(正被全世界的人们阅读) and it 7.will be treasured by future generations(将被未来的几代人珍惜)． 训练3　Reviewing Useful Structures　[分值：82.5分] Ⅰ.句型转换(变为被动语态)(每小题2.5分，满分20分) 1．We plant many trees every year. →Many trees are planted by us every year. 2．We will plant more trees there to improve the environment. →More trees will be planted by us there to improve the environment. 3．Cell phone games are damaging people’s eyesight. →People’s eyesight is being damaged by cell phone games. 4．Yesterday when I entered my son’s bedroom，he was playing a cell phone game. →Yesterday when I entered my son’s bedroom，a cell phone game was being played by him. 5．Mr Xu had translated many poems into English by 2000. →Many poems had been translated into English by Mr Xu by 2000. 6．Many young translators have translated pop songs into English in recent years. →Pop songs have been translated into English by many young translators in recent years. 7．She said that she would finish the task in a day or two. →She said that the task would be finished in a day or two. 8．Shortly after he passed his qualification tests，his former teacher called him back to London to continue his research. →Shortly after he passed his qualification tests，he was called back by his former teacher to London to continue his research. Ⅱ.完成句子(每小题3分，满分15分) 1．现在汉语变得越来越受欢迎了，全世界许多学校都在教它。 Today Chinese，which is taught in many schools around the world，is becoming more and more popular. 2．去年我们学校种了许多树和花，使我们学校成了一个美丽的花园。 Many trees and flowers were planted in our school last year，making our school a beautiful garden. 3．下周将在学校礼堂举行一次关于科学技术发展的讲座。 A talk on development in science and technology will be given in the school hall next week. 4．这次演出已被许多人认为是央视春晚的最佳表演。 The performance has been regarded by many people as the best performance at CCTV’s Spring Festival Gala. 5．据报道，目前灾区正在修建许多新房子。 It is reported that many a new house is being built at present in the disaster area. Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分) A Science fiction has long entertained the idea of artificial intelligence becoming conscious(有意识的)．Many researchers say that AI systems aren’t yet at the point of consciousness，but the pace of AI evolution(发展) has got them considering: how would we know if they were? To answer this，a group of 19 neuroscientists(神经系统科学家)，philosophers and computer scientists have come up with a checklist of standards that，if met，would indicate whether a system has a high chance of being conscious.The authors made the effort because “it seemed like there was a real lack of detailed，thoughtful discussion of AI consciousness，” says co-author Robert Long，a philosopher at the Center for AI Safety. The team says that a failure to identify whether an AI system has become conscious has important moral implications.If something has been labelled “conscious”，according to co-author Megan Peters，a neuroscientist at the University of California，“that changes a lot about how we as human beings feel that entity(独立存在的个体) should be treated”．Long adds that，as far as he can tell，not enough effort has been made by the companies building advanced AI systems to evaluate the models for consciousness and make plans for what to do if that happens. One of the challenges in studying consciousness in AI is defining what it means to be conscious.Peters says that for the report，the researchers focused on “phenomenal consciousness”． Many neuroscience-based theories describe the biological basis of consciousness.But there is no agreement on which is the right one.To create their framework，the authors therefore used a range of these theories.The idea is that if an AI system functions in a way that matches aspects of many of these theories，then there is a greater likelihood that it is conscious. They argue that this is a better approach to assessing consciousness than simply putting a system through a behavioural test—say，asking ChatGPT whether it is conscious，or challenging it and seeing how it responds.That’s because AI systems have become remarkably good at mimicking(模仿) humans. 1．What does Robert Long say about present research on AI consciousness? A．It is far from enough. B．It is progressing rapidly. C．It has shown promising insights into it. D．It has learnt a lot from previous research. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“The authors made the effort because ‘it seemed like there was a real lack of detailed，thoughtful discussion of AI consciousness，’ says co-author Robert Long”可知，Robert Long认为目前对人工智能意识的研究还远远不够。故选A。 2．What would change if AI systems became conscious according to Megan Peters? A．Their final applications. B．How humans treat them. C．Their moral responsibilities. D．How humans make future plans. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“If something has been labelled ‘conscious’，according to co-author Megan Peters...‘that changes a lot about how we as human beings feel that entity(独立存在的个体) should be treated’．”可知，梅根·彼得斯认为，如果人工智能系统有了意识，人类对待它们的方式也会发生变化。故选B。 3．What is a challenge in studying AI consciousness? A．Providing a definition of it. B．Uncovering the reason behind it. C．Measuring AI’s ability to mimic humans. D．Comparing AI consciousness and human consciousness. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“One of the challenges in studying consciousness in AI is defining what it means to be conscious.”可知，定义什么是有意识是研究人工智能意识的挑战。故选A。 4．How do the researchers identify whether an AI system is conscious? A．By observing its responses to digital signals and online questions. B．By checking its understanding of some neuroscience-based theories. C．By comparing its functional patterns with neuroscience-based theories. D．By conducting experiments and tests to measure its level of self-awareness. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段中“The idea is that if an AI system functions in a way that matches aspects of many of these theories，then there is a greater likelihood that it is conscious.”可知，研究人员认定人工智能是否有意识是通过对比人工智能系统的功能是否与许多神经科学理论相匹配。故选C。 B (2024·浙江省Z20名校联盟高三上第二次联考) Amazon recently announced its latest launch，a robot called Astro.Small in size，but with impressive technology，Astro is seemingly similar to Amazon’s popular virtual assistant.With all the same capabilities as Alexa，many critics are asking why there’s a need for Astro. Answering this question，Amazon’s Vice-President of Products，Charlie Tritschler，highlights some unique features of Astro that make it a different kind of robot.Astro can move on its own and follow people，offering consumers a far broader range of options.Besides，it can monitor home security.Astro uses artificial intelligence to learn more about household members by interacting with users.Users can also register themselves and others into its recognition system.When they leave home，they can make an away mode，which means “Sentry(哨兵) Mode”，or “Patrol Mode”，starts working.If people who are not recognized enter the house，Astro will follow and record them.Astro’s mobility seems to be the key feature in its technological enhancement，but what appeals to people most is its “unique persona”．Its big，circular，blinking “eyes” displayed on its screen-like head making it look rather cute are a big reason for this. Years of research show that humans often experience positive emotional connections with robots.According to MIT’s technology review of Astro，it may not fall far from this observation.People have come to love robotic pets，though they are fully aware that the pets are lifeless.Robots at home can play a useful role in helping elderly patients fight loneliness or young children face social anxiety. Amazon is offering people interested in Astro the chance to sign up for Day 1 Editions，a program giving invitations to Astro as soon as it goes on the market.Tritschler is encouraging people to personalize the robot when it becomes available，and he is confident that users will come up with more ideas and features they will want to see in the robot in the near future to make it even better. 5．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The convenient operation of Astro. B．The essential functions of Astro. C．The increasing popularity of Astro. D．The distinctive capabilities of Astro. 答案　D 解析　段落大意题。根据第一段末句的问题和第二段中的“Answering this question，Amazon’s Vice-President of Products，Charlie Tritschler，highlights some unique features of Astro that make it a different kind of robot.”可知，本段主要介绍的是Astro的一些独特的功能。故选D项。 6．Which aspect of Astro attracts people most? A．Its recognition system. B．Its ability to move on its own. C．Its adorable appearance. D．Its ability to monitor home security. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“but what appeals to people most is its ‘unique persona’...making it look rather cute are a big reason for this”可知，Astro最吸引人的是它可爱的外表。故选C项。 7．What is Tritschler’s attitude to the future of Astro? A．Critical. B．Positive. C．Uncertain. D．Doubtful. 答案　B 解析　观点态度题。根据尾段中的“Tritschler is encouraging people to personalize...in the near future to make it even better.”可知，Tritschler相信在不久的将来，用户会提出更多的想法和功能，让机器人变得更好，由此可知，Tritschler对Astro的未来持乐观的态度。故选B项。 8．What is the best title for the text? A．Astro：A Robot Assistant B．The New Revolution of AI C．Astro：An Emotional Relief D．The Great Potential of Robots 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第一段第一句可知，本文主要介绍了亚马逊推出的一款名为Astro的机器人，所以A项“Astro：一款机器人助手”概括本文的主题，是本文的最佳标题。故选A项。 Ⅳ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) ChatGPT is part of a new generation of AI systems that can have a discussion and create written work.It can even produce new images and videos based on what it has learned from a large database of digital books，online writings and other media.It’s available for free to anyone on the Internet. 1 It works like a written conversation between the AI system and the person asking it questions. 2 They used it to write poems or songs.Some tried to trick it into making mistakes.Others used it to write email.All of those requests are helping it to get smarter.Its popularity has led its creators to try to lower some people’s expectations. The New York City education department said it is restricting use of ChatGPT. 3 It also has concerns regarding the safety and accuracy of the content written by ChatGPT.Teachers are now trying to find out how to prevent students using the AI tool for cheating. 4 Jenna Lyle，a spokesperson for New York schools，said the tool may provide quick and easy answers to questions，but it doesn’t build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills. 5 In a human-written statement，OpenAI said that it plans to work with educators as it learns how people are experimenting with ChatGPT in the real world.“We don’t want ChatGPT to be used for misleading purposes in schools or anywhere else，so we’re already developing means to help anyone identify text generated by that system，” the company said. A．It is also designed to be more user-friendly. B．But there’s no stopping a student from using it at home. C．It is worried about negative impacts on student learning. D．You can watch it produce a school report in a few seconds. E．These skills are essential for academic and lifelong success. F．Millions of people have played with the tool over the past month. G．Blocking the writing tool on school devices and networks is good for students. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了风靡美国的一款名为ChatGPT的人工智能软件的相关情况，以及老师等各界人士的看法。 1．答案　A 解析　空前一句陈述了ChatGPT免费使用的优点，空后一句解释它的操作比较简单。由此推知，空处应陈述ChatGPT的另一个优点。因此A项“它的设计也更便于使用”符合语境，also表明与上文的并列关系，故选A。 2．答案　F 解析　空后两句描述了人们使用ChatGPT的各种情形，由此推知，有很多人使用ChatGPT。因此F项“在过去的一个月里，数百万人使用了这个工具”引起下文，符合语境，故选F。 3．答案　C 解析　空前一句提到纽约市教育部门正在限制ChatGPT的使用，空后一句说明了限制使用ChatGPT的另一个理由，下文的“has concerns regarding”与C项的“is worried about”呼应。因此C项“它担心对学生学习的负面影响”符合语境，故选C。 4．答案　B 解析　根据上文“Teachers are now trying to find out how to prevent students using the AI tool for cheating.”可知，在学校老师尽力阻止学生使用ChatGPT，但他们无法对学生在家的行为进行管控。因此B项“但是无法阻止学生在家里使用它”符合语境，与上文构成转折。故选B。 5．答案　E 解析　上文“but it doesn’t build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills”说明这款软件不足以培养学生的批判性思维和解决问题的技能，因此E项“这些技能对于学业和终身成功至关重要”符合语境，E项的“These skills”指代上文的“critical-thinking and problem-solving skills”。故选E。 Ⅴ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分) Beijing Roast Duck，also known 1. Peking Duck，is one of the Chinese dishes that have gained 2. (popular) across the globe.The duck meat is served wrapped in Mandarin pancakes.It’s 3. (true) delicious for the taste buds(味蕾)． Originating in China’s royal palace more than 7 centuries ago，Beijing Roast Duck 4. (appoint) as one of the national dishes for the reception of foreign 5. (guest) by Premier Zhou Enlai in the 1970s.Now it is highly praised by heads of government officials，and domestic and foreign tourists. An authentic Beijing duck can take up to three days 6. (prepare)．It is 7.______________intensely complex process with many requirements.The duck must be of the white Beijing variety and of superior quality，a “force-fed duck” that 8. (weigh) about three kilograms. The manner of serving and eating Beijing duck is unique.The chef presents you the whole duck before taking it away for slicing,9. slicing it in front of your table.Each slice is very thin,10. (contain) both meat and skin.When eating the duck，you should first take a pancake in one hand.Then with your chopsticks pick up a slice of duck and dip it into the sauce(酱) before putting it on the pancake.Next，add some cucumber and green onion.Finally，roll up the pancake. 1．答案　as 解析　考查介词。be known as以……著称。故填as。 2．答案　popularity 解析　考查名词。此处为动词gained的宾语，所以需要名词形式，且为不可数名词，故填popularity。 3．答案　truly 解析　考查副词。此处为副词作状语，修饰形容词delicious。故填truly。 4．答案　was appointed 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in the 1970s，所以用过去时态；根据句意，主语Beijing Roast Duck与appoint之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态；主语为单数，be动词用was。故填was appointed。 5．答案　guests 解析　考查名词的数。外宾不止一人，guest可数，所以用复数。故填guests。 6．答案　to prepare 解析　考查非谓语动词。此处为take some time to do结构，表示“做某事需要多长时间”。故填to prepare。 7．答案　an 解析　考查冠词。这里表示“这是一个非常复杂的过程”，所以用不定冠词，intensely 发音以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an。故填an。 8．答案　weighs 解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句陈述客观事实，所以用一般现在时态，关系词that指代的a “force-fed duck”是单数，that在从句中作主语，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填weighs。 9．答案　or 解析　考查连词。此处表示两种不同方式的选择，所以用连词or。故填or。 10．答案　containing 解析　考查非谓语动词。动词contain与它的逻辑主语Each slice为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填containing。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Section Ⅲ Reviewing Useful Structures Science fiction Unit 1 阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分，并完成下面的练习 Are you ready to get fit? We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Center will soon be open to the public once again.Our facilities ①have been enlarged and redone，and our center is now bigger and better than ever before.The finishing touches ②are now being put to a new swimming pool and our workout rooms ③will have been updated with modern equipment by the end of this month.Come by and check them out! Better still，we will update our fitness courses every few months so that more popular courses can be included.Weight training classes，for example，④are being designed and ⑤will be added to our programme soon.We will invite professional athletes to be our coaches.We are confident that we have something for everyone.Looking forward to seeing you here! 语境感悟 【自主发现】 以上加颜色部分均使用了 语态，其中句 是现在完成时的被动语态，其构成是 ;句 和 是现在进行时的被动语态，其构成是 ；句 是将来完成时的被动语态，其构成是 ；句 是一般将来时的被动语态，其构成是 。 被动 ① have/has been done ② ④ am/is/are being done ③ will/shall have been done ⑤ will/shall be done 语法总览 语法精讲 被动语态 一、被动语态的概念 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示句子主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示句子主语是动作的承受者。使用被动语态的句子，谓语动词的形式是“be＋动词的过去分词”。一般来讲，只有及物动词才有被动语态。有时被动语态中动作的执行者用by短语表示出来。 二、被动语态的用法 1.不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时。 The meeting has been put off for some reason. 会议已因故被推迟了。 2.强调动作的承受者时，需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语表示出来。 A special class to help poor readers was set up by an expert in the school. 学校的一位专家开办了一个帮助阅读困难者的特色班。 三、各种时态的被动语态 1.These electric devices are examined and fixed on a monthly basis. 这些电器每月都被检修。 2.The science fiction novel was published in 2016. 这部科幻小说于2016年出版。 3.The new type of robot will be tested out by some restaurants near the company. 这种新型机器人将会被公司附近的一些餐馆测试。 4.Many animals are being killed and their habitats are being damaged. 许多动物正在被杀害，而且它们的栖息地正在遭到破坏。 5.When I arrived at the garage，my car was still being repaired. 当我到达修理厂的时候，我的汽车仍在修理中。 6.The manager said Tom would be dismissed. 经理说汤姆会被解雇。 7.The book has been translated into thirty languages since it came on the market in 1973. 这本书自1973年上市以来已被译成30种语言。 8.The chairwoman said she had been invited to the party. 女主席说她已经受邀参加晚会了。 9.The project will have been finished by the end of next month. 到下个月末，这项工程将被完成。 总 结 <<< 时态 被动语态的构成 一般现在时 be(am/is/are) done 一般过去时 be(was/were) done 一般将来时 shall/will be done 现在进行时 be(am/is/are) being done 过去进行时 be(was/were) being done 过去将来时 should/would be done 现在完成时 have/has been done 过去完成时 had been done 将来完成时 will have been done 四、各种时态的被动语态的特殊情况 1.否定词not的位置：在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。 The boy breathed a sigh of relief when hearing that he wouldn’t be dismissed. 当听说他不会被开除时，这个男孩松了口气。 2.主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，变被动句时应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。 (1)We saw him sitting there without doing anything. →He was seen sitting there without doing anything by us. 我们看见他坐在那儿，什么也没做。 (2)His words made me throw up. →I was made to throw up by his words. 他的话令我作呕。 名师点津 在主动语态中，make，hear，see等词后接不定式作宾补时要省略to，但转换为被动语态时，则不能省略to。 3.带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表示物的(直接)宾语变为主语，用for或to引出表示人的(间接)宾语，或将表示人的(间接)宾语变为主语。 My father is telling me an interesting story now. →An interesting story is being told to me by my father now. →I’m being told an interesting story by my father now. 爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。 4.动词短语是一个整体，在主动语态或被动语态中都不可去掉后面的介词或副词。 Kids in the kindergarten are being taken good care of. 幼儿园的孩子们被照顾得很好。 5.主动形式表示被动意义 (1)连系动词(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，seem，appear，prove等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。 The idea sounds great. 这个主意听起来棒极了。 The popcorn they made looked wonderful and tasted delicious. 他们做的爆米花看起来棒极了，吃起来也很美味。 (2)当wash，write，sell，open，close，shut，lock，cook等不及物动词后加副词(easily，well等)时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of cloth washes easily and lasts long. 这种布料很容易洗，并且耐穿。 The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. 父亲给我作为生日礼物的钢笔写起来很流畅。 (3)need，want，require，deserve等＋doing用主动形式表示被动意义。 His hair needs cutting. →His hair needs to be cut. 他的头发需要剪了。 (4)be worth doing→be worthy to be done主动形式表示被动意义。 The novel is worth reading again. →The novel is worthy to be read again. 这部小说值得再读一次。 五、动词不定式的被动语态 1.I am very happy to be thus praised. 受到如此褒奖我非常高兴。 The magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the library. 这些杂志不允许带出图书馆。 The room seems to have been broken into. 似乎有人闯进过这个房间。 I am proud to have been admitted to Peking University. 我很自豪已被北京大学录取。 总 结 <<< 动词不定式的被动语态由“to＋be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，当动词不定式所表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，要用动词不定式的被动式。动词不定式的被动式只有一般式(to be done)和完成式(to have been done)。 2.动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的情况 (1)sb have sth to do/There be sth to do 句型中 Before the end of the meeting，I have something important to declare. 会议结束之前，我有很重要的事情要宣布。 There is so much homework to do every day，which almost drives me mad. 每天有那么多家庭作业要做，这几乎让我发疯。 (2)动词不定式跟在性质形容词(difficult，hard，easy，comfortable，good等)后，与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时(构成sb/sth be＋adj.＋to do) Our headmaster looks hard to get close to，but in fact he is easy to get along with. 我们校长看起来很难接近，但实际上他很容易相处。 (3)“疑问词＋to do”结构 With so many books at hand，Tom had no idea which to read first. 手上有那么多的书，汤姆不知道先读哪一本。 六、被动语态和过去分词作表语 1.意义差别 The window is broken. 窗子破了。 The window is broken by him. 窗子被他打破了。 总 结 <<< 被动语态强调动作；过去分词作表语描写人或事物的特征及状态。 2.用法差别 He was very interested in science.(系表结构) 他对科学非常有兴趣。 I was so much surprised by the scene that I didn’t know what to do.(被动语态) 我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。 总 结 <<< 过去分词作表语时接近形容词的特征，可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰；而被动语态不能用so，very，too修饰，需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.It (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored. 2.The water (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. 3.The median(中间值的) age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and (expect) to increase to 42 by 2050. 4.They are living with their parents because their own house ___________ (decorate). was built 达标检测 felt is expected is being decorated 5.Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations ___________________ (employ) only since the mid-1980s，and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area. 6.Anyone who has helped to save the drowning girl is worth (praise). 7.Jones got the idea after he had talked with a saleswoman who ________ (cheat) of her money. have been employed praising had been cheated 8.Food supplies in the flood-stricken area (run) out.We must take action immediately. 9.After he took over the company，he decided to have more workers for the project so that it won’t (delay). 10.In her speech，the chairwoman stresses that no problem here is difficult (work) out，if we think carefully enough. are running be delayed to work Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用被动语态 The Wandering Earth is a science fiction novel which 1.____________ (刘慈欣所写).It 2. (被认为是) one of the best science fiction stories.After the novel 3. (被出版)，it drew wide attention.The story of the novel 4. (基于科学)，imagination and personal experience.The novel 5.____________________ (已被翻译成许多种语言) so far.Now it 6._____________ (正被全世界的人们阅读) and it 7.___________ (将被未来的几代人珍惜). is written by Liu Cixin is considered as was published is based on science has been translated into many languages is being read by people all over the world will be treasured by future generations 本课结束 $$ Section Ⅲ Reviewing Useful Structures Science fiction Unit 1 1.We plant many trees every year. →_____________________________________________________________ 2.We will plant more trees there to improve the environment. →_____________________________________________________________ 3.Cell phone games are damaging people’s eyesight. →_____________________________________________________________ Ⅰ.句型转换(变为被动语态) Many trees are planted by us every year. More trees will be planted by us there to improve the environment. People’s eyesight is being damaged by cell phone games. 4.Yesterday when I entered my son’s bedroom，he was playing a cell phone game. →_____________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 5.Mr Xu had translated many poems into English by 2000. →_____________________________________________________________ 6.Many young translators have translated pop songs into English in recent years. →_____________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Yesterday when I entered my son’s bedroom，a cell phone game was being played by him. Many poems had been translated into English by Mr Xu by 2000. Pop songs have been translated into English by many young translators in recent years. 7.She said that she would finish the task in a day or two. →_____________________________________________________________ 8.Shortly after he passed his qualification tests，his former teacher called him back to London to continue his research. →_____________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ She said that the task would be finished in a day or two. Shortly after he passed his qualification tests，he was called back by his former teacher to London to continue his research. 1.现在汉语变得越来越受欢迎了，全世界许多学校都在教它。 Today Chinese， in many schools around the world，is becoming more and more popular. 2.去年我们学校种了许多树和花，使我们学校成了一个美丽的花园。 in our school last year，making our school a beautiful garden. Ⅱ.完成句子 which is taught Many trees and flowers were planted 3.下周将在学校礼堂举行一次关于科学技术发展的讲座。 A talk on development in science and technology _____________________ next week. 4.这次演出已被许多人认为是央视春晚的最佳表演。 The performance by many people as the best performance at CCTV’s Spring Festival Gala. 5.据报道，目前灾区正在修建许多新房子。 It is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area. will be given in the school hall has been regarded is being built 本课结束 $$