Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Vocabulary-（课件PPT+Word教案）【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第四册教师用书（人教版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Vocabulary Ⅰ.写重点词汇 1．fiction n．小说；虚构的事 2．integrity n．诚实正直；完整；完好 3．dignity n．庄重；庄严；尊严 4．salary n．薪水；薪金 5．saleswoman n．女售货员；女推销员 6．dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除 7．whereas conj.然而；但是；尽管 8．rumour n．谣言；传闻 9．weekly adj.每周的 n．周刊 10．chairwoman n．女主席；女董事长；女委员长 11．flour n．面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉 12．salesman n．售货员；推销员 13．superior adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的 14．labour n．劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi.奋斗；努力工作 15．leather n．皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套 16．inch n．英寸(长度单位，等于2.54厘米) 17．backwards adv.向后；倒着；往回 18．niece n．侄女；外甥女 19．fetch vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来 20．lamp n．灯；台灯 21．pace n．速度；步伐；节奏vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏 22．maximum adj.最大极限的n．最大量；最大限度 23．test out检验；测试 24．more like更像是；更接近 25．on a...basis根据；以……的方式(基准) 26．pros and cons事物的利与弊；支持与反对 27．superior to比……更好；更胜一筹 28．take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 29．conflict with与……冲突或抵触 30．turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是 31．fall away(逐渐)减少；消失 32．have an urge to有强烈的欲望做某事 Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇 1．appointment n．预约；约会；委任→appoint vt.任命；委派；指定；约定 2．guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→guilt n．内疚 3．declare vt.表明；宣称；公布→declaration n．宣称；声明 4．calculate vt.计算；核算；预测→calculator n．计算器→calculation n．计算 5．blurred adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的→blur vi.& vt.(使)变得模糊不清；(使)视线模糊；(使)看不清 6．division n．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→divide vt.分开；分散；分配；分享→divided adj.分裂的；有分歧的 7．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的→urgency n．紧急；迫切→urgently adv.紧急地；急迫地 8．random adj.随机的；不可思议的→randomly adv.随机地 9．explode vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→explosion n．爆炸；(感情)爆发；激增→explosive adj.易爆炸的；可能引起爆炸的；暴躁的；突增的；激增的 10．stun vt.使震惊；使昏迷→stunning adj.惊人的；极具魅力的→stunned adj.目瞪口呆的 11．mud n．泥；泥浆→muddy adj.泥泞的 Ⅲ.认阅读词汇 1．If you study harder than before，there will be a bonus.意外收获 2．Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot.荒谬的 3．How absurd，she thought.He was just a machine.荒谬的；荒唐的 4．She had an appointment to paint her nails，then she went into an expensive clothes shop.指甲 5．Claire tried to help by working on a light suspended from the ceiling，but she fell off the ladder. 悬挂　梯子 6．Two hundred grammes of flour should be added to the cake mix.克 7．I pushed the starting lever on the main panel forwards an inch then immediately backwards again.操纵杆　控制板 8．My niece came in to fetch something，maybe her handkerchief，apparently without seeing me. 手帕 appointment n．预约；约会；委任 (appoint v．任命；委派；安排；约定) •make/have an appointment with sb和某人有约 keep an/the/one’s appointment赴约；守约 break an/the appointment失约 •appoint sb (as/to be)...任命某人(为)…… appoint sb to do sth指派某人去做某事 (1)He always appointed me to perform(perform)various jobs，which made me explode with anger. (2)I have made an appointment with the science fiction writer at the cafe.But because of an unexpected visitor，I have to break the appointment(appoint)． [写作佳句] (3)(应用文写作之祝贺信)得知你被任命为这个组织的领导者，我写信祝贺你。 Learning that you are appointed (as/to be) the leader of the organization，I am writing to congratulate you. guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 (guilt n．内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行) be guilty of...犯有……罪 be/feel guilty for/at/about...对/为……感到内疚/有愧 (1)The guy who was questioned by the police was declared to be guilty of theft. [写作佳句] (2)(读后续写之心理描写)售货员对犯如此愚蠢的错误感到内疚，眼中涌出内疚的泪水。 The salesman was guilty about/for/at making such a stupid mistake and tears of guilt welled up in his eyes. dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除 dismiss sb for...因……而解雇/开除某人 dismiss...from...去除，消除；解雇；免职；开除 dismiss...from one’s mind忘记/摒除/不再考虑…… (1)It turned out that he was dismissed for being lazy and dishonest. (2)The chairwoman was dismissed(dismiss) from her post for some so-called rumours，which threw her into the world of endless sadness. [写作佳句] (3)(动作描写)他尽情地唱歌跳舞，把他的烦恼抛到脑后。 He sang and danced with abandon，dismissing his trouble from his mind. declare vt.表明；宣称；公布 (declaration n．宣称；声明) declare sb/sth (to be)...宣布某人或某事是…… declare for/against赞成/反对 declare war (on/against...)(向……)宣战 declare sth/that...宣布…… It is/was declared that...据宣布…… (1)The science fiction novel was declared to be(be) the best novel of the year. (2)When asked for his opinion，he declared strongly against the policy，saying that it was unfair. (3)After considering all the pros and cons，the chairwoman firmly declared for the decision，which made people in favour of the plan relieved. [写作佳句] (4)(话题写作之生态保护)幸运的是，没过多久这个地方就被宣布为自然保护区，濒危动物得到了保护。 Fortunately，it wasn’t long before the place was declared (to be) a nature reserve and the endangered animals got preserved. on a...basis 根据；以……的方式(基准) •on a regular basis定期地；例行地；有规律地 on a daily/weekly basis每天/每周 on the basis of...以……为基础 •base...on/upon...把……置于……基础之上 •be based on/upon...以……为基础/根据 (1)We were amazed when my niece shared with us her science fiction novel which was based on/upon a true story. [写作佳句] (2)(2021·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)我每天读半小时的英文报。以大量的阅读为基础，我极大地提高了我的英语。基于我自己的经历，我呼吁你们所有人定期读英文报。 I read the English newspaper for half an hour on a daily basis.On the basis of much reading，I have greatly improved my English.Based on/upon my own experience，I call on all of you to read the English newspaper on a regular basis. superior adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的 n．上级，上司[superiority n．优势；优越(感)] •be superior to比……更好，更胜一筹 be inferior to比……差/级别低 •be senior to比……年长/职位高 be junior to比……年龄小/职位低 (1)The chairwoman always treats others with dignity，including people much inferior to her. (2)Just as the saleswoman says，the products they now produce have superiority(superior) to their former ones in quality. [写作佳句] (3)(读后续写之心理描写)说实话，他总是表现得似乎比我优越，这让我气得直发抖。 To be honest，he always behaves as if he were superior to me，which makes me tremble with anger. take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功 take on呈现；雇用；承担 take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留 take up占据；开始从事；接受 (1)语段填空 据宣布，他已接管这家公司。他解雇了一些不称职的工人，雇用了许多有能力的工人。另外，作为一个谦逊的人，他吸收其他人的建设性建议。管理这家公司占据了他所有的时间，但是他满怀信心地挑起重担。在所有人的共同努力下，这家公司结果大获成功，他的脸上露出了满意的笑容。 It was declared that he had taken over the company.He dismissed some unqualified workers and took on many capable ones.Furthermore，being a modest person，he took in others’ constructive suggestions.Managing the company took up all his time，but he took on the burden with great confidence.With joint efforts，it turned out that the company took off and a satisfied smile emerged on his face. [写作佳句] (2)(读后续写之心理描写)接受这个奖的时候，我是如此激动以至于热泪盈眶。 When taking up the award，I was so excited that tears welled up in my eyes. turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是 turn down调低(音量等)；拒绝 turn in上交；交还，退还 turn to求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向 turn on打开(水、煤气、电灯等) turn off关闭(水、煤气、电灯等) turn up调高(音量等)；出现 (1)He turned up on time at my birthday party and I was wild with joy. (2)What annoys my grandmother is that I like turning on lights but often forget to turn them off/out. [写作佳句] (3)(应用文写作之求助信)结果我的提议不符合公司的要求而被拒绝了。因此，我别无选择只能向你寻求帮助。你可以帮忙改进我的提议以便我可以在5月28日前再次提交这个提议吗？ It turned out that my proposal didn’t meet the company’s requirements and it got turned down.So I have no choice but to turn to you for some assistance.Could you please help improve my proposal so that I can turn it in again before May 28? urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐 (urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的) •have/feel an urge to do sth/for sth有强烈的欲望做某事/要某物 •urge sb to do sth催促某人做某事 urge that...(should) do sth极力主张/强调……做某事 It is urged that...(should) do sth极力主张/强调……做某事 (1)With an urgent(urge) matter emerging，I must break our appointment. [写作佳句] (2)(2021·浙江6月，读后续写)尽管我渴望买一辆自行车，我的责任感敦促我快点回家把我辛苦挣的钱交给我的父母。 Although I had an urge to buy a bike，my sense of responsibility urged me to hurry home/urged that I (should) hurry home to hand in my hard-earned money to my parents. (3)人们极力主张早睡以便保持身心健康。 It is urged that we (should) go to bed early so that we can keep physically and mentally healthy. 高考热点微练 Ⅰ.一词多义 A．解散　B．解雇　C．消除(顾虑等)　D．拒绝考虑 1．What he said just now dismissed doubts from my mind. C 2．To the students’ joy，the class was dismissed early today. A 3．He just laughed and dismissed my proposal as unrealistic. D 4．He was dismissed from his job for being unqualified. B A．关掉　B．在场　C．结果是　D．制造 5．As it turned out，Douglas did exactly what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she defeated two Russians.(2023·全国乙) C 6．The factory turns out 900 cars on a weekly basis. D 7．The children just played until their parents came round to turn the lamps out. A 8．I really expected him to turn out on time. B A．n.步速；速度　B．n.一步　C．v.踱步；缓慢而行 9．What annoyed him was that his leg hurt，and he could hardly walk even one pace. B 10．The chairman stood up and began to pace up and down. C 11．According to most calculations，race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour.(2020·全国Ⅰ) A Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．He inched his way through the narrow passage.v.(朝……)缓慢移动 2．He holds an appointment in the English Department at present.职务 3．I taught my daughter how to do division at the age of six.除法 4．Then came a rumour that all the staff would resign if Jack wasn’t dismissed，which made Jeremy explode with anger.突然爆发(感情) 训练1　Vocabulary　[分值：75分] Ⅰ.单词拼写(每小题1分，满分12分) 1．On seeing the moving scene，my eyes were blurred(模糊) with tears. 2．My niece bought a large number of handkerchiefs(手帕) in the store. 3．The carpenter picked up a nail at random and hit it into the table. 4．He didn’t treat me with dignity(尊严)，which made me explode with anger. 5．Unfortunately，the salesman fell off the ladder when he attempted to reach a box on the roof. 6．The saleswoman turned the volume of her speaker to the maximum to attract customers. 7．The salesman wants to live in an apartment，whereas his wife would rather live in a house. 8．It takes a lot of labour(劳动) to make leather coats.That is why they are expensive. 9．Wherever you are，you should try to be a person with integrity and honesty. 10．He is my immediate superior(上司) in the company and he is more like my relative. 11．He found it hard to keep pace with her as the chairwoman strode off. 12．He put a ladder against the wall to have a lamp suspended(悬挂)． Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分18分) 1．The salesman was dismissed for stealing some expensive necklaces. 2．I would be grateful if you could allow me to test out the new camera. 3．I persuaded my niece to read English for twenty minutes on a daily basis. 4．As a science student，I never felt an urge to appreciate(appreciate) any literary works. 5．I strongly suggest that such a ridiculous idea (should) be deserted(desert) right away. 6．The boy shows no sympathy for other students and often conflicts with them. 7．Walking in the fields on a March afternoon，he felt the warmth(warm) of spring. 8．Keep in mind that our challenges won’t fall away and we must labour to solve them. 9．My niece was being punished(punish) by her father due to her silly mistake at this time yesterday. 10．Liu Cixin，a distinguished(distinguish) science fiction writer，has created many world-famous novels. 11．This country declared war on/against four countries at the same time because of complicated political contradictions. 12．He performed perfectly in the speech contest and an explosion(explode) of applause came out of the audience. Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分17.5分) A 4 Modern Robots That Will Shape Our Future There was once a time when robots were limited to science-fiction movies and novels.Now we have a wide variety of robots，available for our service.Here are 4 examples. Valkyrie NASA’s “superhero” robot is 6 feet 2 inches in height and was originally designed for use on the International Space Station.Valkyrie is able to walk by itself，pick up objects and use tools.NASA hopes that one day，it can help humans in danger zones and disaster-stricken areas.The robot is basically a she-bot since it was built with female characteristics. Schaft This robot，made by a Japanese company (which was later bought by Google)，won the recent DARPA robotics competition.The 4 feet 11 inches tall robot can power itself instead of a battery.This gives it greater movement since batteries limit how fast the robot can actually perform tasks.Schaft blew the competition away. Ian the Invincible Ian，based on the Atlas robot，is created by Google-owned，Boston Dynamics.The 6 feet 2 inches tall robot has 28 hydraulically actuated joints and stereo vision.What makes Ian unique is the software which allows him to drive a car.Ian came second at the ROBOlympics，but the 330 pound giant still has quite a way to go. Telebot Still under development at Florida International University，Telebot will give injured and disabled police officers an opportunity to go back to work.The robot is 180 cm in height，travels on wheels and is remote controlled.Three HD cameras give Telebot a 360 degree view and with multiple sensors，it helps cops to monitor any dangerous situation from a safe distance. 1．What does Valkyrie feature? A．Built-in cameras. B．The capacity to use tools. C．Its unique gender design. D．The ability to pick up objects. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据Valkyrie部分的“The robot is basically a she-bot since it was built with female characteristics.”可知，这款机器人是以女性特征制造的，是有性别的。故选C项。 2．What do Schaft and Ian the Invincible have in common? A．They have the same height. B．They offer similar applications. C．They both won in the ROBOlympics. D．They now belong to the same firm. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据Schaft部分的“This robot，made by a Japanese company (which was later bought by Google)...”和Ian the Invincible部分的“Ian，based on the Atlas robot，is created by Google-owned，Boston Dynamics.”可知，现在它们隶属于同一家公司——谷歌。故选D项。 3．Who is Telebot intended for? A．The disabled. B．The police. C．The elderly. D．The astronauts. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据Telebot部分的“Telebot will give injured and disabled police officers an opportunity to go back to work”可知，这款机器人是专为警察设计的。故选B项。 B Zwingmann teaches online courses on AI and helps clients make use of artificial intelligence.Lately，he has been generating lecture notes using ChatGPT.“I went up and said，‘OK，tell me a detailed step by step of how the DBSCAN algorithm works，’ and it gave me that step by step，” Zwingmann said. The AI chatbot ChatGPT Zwingmann uses has taken the Internet by storm.It allows users to input questions that ask the conversational assistant to create a series of writing tasks.Although the chatbot is still in its infancy，ChatGPT has the potential to be a game-changer for the whole world. The GPT stands for “Generative Pre-trained Transformer”，providing detailed answers to users’ questions.The dialogue format makes it possible for ChatGPT to answer follow-up questions，challenge incorrect statements and reject inappropriate requests. If you have a passion for writing but aren’t sure how to add a touch of elegance to your words，ChatGPT can help! If you want to create your personal web page but know little about HTML code，ChatGPT can generate the code for you! Even if you are an experienced developer，ChatGPT can help you analyze the code and provide a detailed explanation of the error along with suggestions for how to fix it. Despite looking very impressive，ChatGPT still has limitations.Such limitations include the inability to answer questions that are worded in a specific way and the lack of quality in the responses it delivers，which sometimes seem to be reasonable but make no practical sense.With its widespread use，there is growing concern about how the tool might be used to help students create essays for class assignments. So how good is it at producing literary works in the style of a news article? And how does its writing live up to the likes of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow，or a film producer like Ben Affleck? Judge for yourself. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT在互联网上掀起了一场风暴，有潜力改变整个世界的游戏规则。 4．What’s the function of paragraph 1? A．To promote an online course teacher. B．To explain how lecture notes are made. C．To offer background information about AI. D．To introduce an AI chatbot with an example. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。第一段主要介绍了Zwingmann利用ChatGPT的体验，结合第二段第一句可推知，第一段的作用是用一个例子介绍一个人工智能聊天机器人。故选D。 5．What can we learn about ChatGPT in paragraphs 3 & 4? A．It gives the user an answer of good quality. B．It makes up a dialogue with questions input. C．It aids code developers in recognizing errors. D．It functions by collecting complex questions. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Even if you are an experienced developer，ChatGPT can help you analyze the code and provide a detailed explanation of the error along with suggestions for how to fix it.”可知，ChatGPT帮助代码开发人员识别错误。故选C。 6．What is the author’s attitude to the AI chatbot? A．Cautious. B．Favorable. C．Negative. D．Concerned. 答案　A 解析　观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中“Despite looking very impressive，ChatGPT still has limitations.”可知，作者承认其优点，但也强调了它的局限性，即可推知，作者对人工智能聊天机器人的态度是谨慎的。故选A。 7．What’s the article about? A．The limitations of ChatGPT. B．The application of ChatGPT. C．The importance of ChatGPT. D．The development of ChatGPT. 答案　B 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文尤其根据第二段可知，文章主要介绍了人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT在互联网上掀起了一场风暴，有着广泛的应用前景，有潜力改变整个世界的游戏规则，可知这篇文章是关于ChatGPT的应用。故选B。 Ⅳ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) How to Ease AI Anxiety Rapid advances in generative artificial intelligence(AI) have brought big challenges and it’s logical for humans to feel anxious about it. 1 The following can prove it and ease your anxiety. Remember context is key. Keeping in mind that the present moment is far from the first time people have feared the rise of an unfamiliar technology.“Computer anxiety” and “technostress” date back decades.Before that，there was uncontrollable worry over industrial automation. 2 But many of the worst sci-fi predictions did not come true. Address the problem together. Rather than sticking your head in the sand，gain new skills to prepare for a career change or learn about ongoing efforts to regulate AI.Meanwhile，confronting anxiety over AI might begin with coming up with collective solutions and finding community. 3 Switch your attention. Another way to feel better about AI is to avoid too much attention to it. 4 Taking breaks from technology to reconnect with nature or loved ones in the physical world is critical for mental health.Stepping away from tech can also provide a reminder of all the ways that humans are distinct from AI. 5 The current technology is not truly producing new things but rather imitating or following what people can do.AI may be able to answer questions and solve problems，but it lacks the power to convey emotions，empathy and create original content.Therefore，unbiased judgment and certainty about your own skills can help with uneasiness. A．Focus on what you can control. B．Remind yourself of its limitations. C．More attention should be attached to AI. D．Getting involved in it is crucial to seeking security. E．There is more to life than just programs and screens. F．But humans aren’t yet headed for a complete replacement. G．Past advances did lead to big social and economic changes. 语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。文章讲述了生成式人工智能AI的快速发展带来了巨大的挑战，介绍了缓解与此相关的焦虑的方法。 1．答案　F 解析　上文提到人们感到焦虑是正常的，结合下文“The following can prove it and ease your anxiety.”可知，选项F与上文形成转折关系，且是下文中it的指代内容。故选F。 2．答案　G 解析　上文提到科技带来的恐慌由来已久，下文“But many of the worst sci-fi predictions did not come true.”说明的是糟糕的设想没有成为现实，选项G承接上文，说明科技进步确实带来了经济和社会变革，与下文形成转折对比，引出下文。故选G。 3．答案　D 解析　根据本段的主题“Address the problem together.”以及上文“Meanwhile，confronting anxiety over AI might begin with coming up with collective solutions and finding community.”可知，选项D承接上文，继续介绍参与进去来对抗焦虑，符合语境。故选D。 4．答案　E 解析　根据本段的主题“Switch your attention.”以及上文“Another way to feel better about AI is to avoid too much attention to it.”可知，选项E进一步说明为何要转移注意力，承接上文，引出下文的如何转移注意力，符合语境。故选E。 5．答案　B 解析　根据下文主要介绍人工智能有其局限性并建议人们正视自己的能力可知，选项B概括本段的主题。故选B。 Ⅴ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分) (2024·新课标Ⅰ) Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens.This beautiful structure，named Glasshouse，is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 1. (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 2.___________(function) structure that is also beautiful.The design features ten steel “sepals(萼片)” made of glass and aluminium(铝)．These sepals open on warm days 3. (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.In cold weather，the structure stays 4. (close) to protect the plants. Further，the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 5. (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road，by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 6. first time.These plants included modern Western 7.___________(favourite) such as rosemary，lavender and fennel.The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road.The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see，too. The Glasshouse stands 8. a great achievement in contemporary design，to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 9. brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 10. (rich) of gardening in England. 语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近在国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园的边缘建造了一个动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能、以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。 1．答案　engineering 解析　考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空白处作定语修饰后面的名词，engineering在此处是名词作定语，engineering techniques意为“工程技术”。故填engineering。 2．答案　functional 解析　考查形容词。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语。故填functional。 3．答案　to give 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了给……提供……”。故填to give。 4．答案　closed 解析　考查形容词。空处用于stay(系动词)之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”。故填closed。 5．答案　walks 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上下文语境可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。walk sb through...意为“带领某人穿过……”。故填walks。 6．答案　the 解析　考查冠词。固定搭配for the first time意为“第一次”。故填the。 7．答案　favourites 解析　考查名词复数。favourite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary，lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favourites。 8．答案　as 解析　考查介词。根据句意可知，此处指的是Glasshouse“作为”当代设计的一项伟大成就。故填as。 9．答案　which/that 解析　考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Silk Route，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 10．答案　richness 解析　考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用名词richness，作介词of的宾语，表示“丰富性”。故填richness。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Section Ⅰ Vocabulary Science fiction Unit 1 Part 1　基础词汇过关 Part 2　核心词汇突破 Part 3　高考热点微练 词汇过关 基础 3 1. n.小说；虚构的事 2. n.诚实正直；完整；完好 3. n.庄重；庄严；尊严 4. n.薪水；薪金 5. n.女售货员；女推销员 6. vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除 7. conj.然而；但是；尽管 8. n.谣言；传闻 Ⅰ.写重点词汇 fiction integrity dignity salary saleswoman dismiss whereas rumour 9. adj.每周的 n.周刊 10. n.女主席；女董事长；女委员长 11. n.面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉 12. n.售货员；推销员 13. adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的 14. n.劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi.奋斗；努力工作 15. n.皮革； [pl.]皮衣；皮外套 weekly chairwoman flour salesman superior labour leather 16. n.英寸(长度单位，等于2.54厘米) 17. adv.向后；倒着；往回 18. n.侄女；外甥女 19. vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来 20. n.灯；台灯 21. n.速度；步伐；节奏 vt.&vi.确定速度；调整节奏 22. adj.最大极限的 n.最大量；最大限度 inch backwards niece fetch lamp pace maximum 23. 检验；测试 24. 更像是；更接近 25. 根据；以……的方式(基准) 26. 事物的利与弊；支持与反对 27. 比……更好；更胜一筹 28. 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 29. 与……冲突或抵触 30. 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是 31. (逐渐)减少；消失 32. 有强烈的欲望做某事 test out more like on a...basis pros and cons superior to take over conflict with turn out fall away have an urge to 1.appointment n.预约；约会；委任 → vt.任命；委派；指定；约定 2.guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 → n.内疚 3. vt.表明；宣称；公布 →declaration n.宣称；声明 4. vt.计算；核算；预测 →calculator n.计算器 →calculation n.计算 Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇 appoint guilt declare calculate 5.blurred adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的 → vi.&vt.(使)变得模糊不清；(使)视线模糊；(使)看不清 6. n.分开；分隔；差异；除(法) →divide vt.分开；分散；分配；分享 →divided adj.分裂的；有分歧的 7. n.强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐 →urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的 →urgency n.紧急；迫切 →urgently adv.紧急地；急迫地 blur division urge 8. adj.随机的；不可思议的 →randomly adv.随机地 9. vi.&vt.爆炸；爆破 →explosion n.爆炸；(感情)爆发；激增 →explosive adj.易爆炸的；可能引起爆炸的；暴躁的； 突增的；激增的 10. vt.使震惊；使昏迷 →stunning adj.惊人的；极具魅力的 →stunned adj.目瞪口呆的 11. n.泥；泥浆 →muddy adj.泥泞的 random explode stun mud 1.If you study harder than before，there will be a bonus. 2.Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot. 3.How absurd，she thought.He was just a machine. Ⅲ.认阅读词汇 意外收获 荒谬的 荒谬的；荒唐的 4.She had an appointment to paint her nails，then she went into an expensive clothes shop. 5.Claire tried to help by working on a light suspended from the ceiling，but she fell off the ladder. 6.Two hundred grammes of flour should be added to the cake mix. 指甲 悬挂　梯子 克 7.I pushed the starting lever on the main panel forwards an inch then immediately backwards again.   8.My niece came in to fetch something，maybe her handkerchief，apparently without seeing me. 操纵杆　控制板 手帕 返 回 词汇突破 核心 14 n.预约；约会；委任 (appoint v.任命；委派；安排；约定) 1 appointment • make/have an appointment with sb和某人有约 keep an/the/one’s appointment赴约；守约 break an/the appointment失约 • appoint sb (as/to be)...任命某人(为)…… appoint sb to do sth指派某人去做某事 (1)He always appointed me (perform)various jobs，which made me explode with anger. (2)I have made appointment with the science fiction writer at the cafe. But because of an unexpected visitor，I have to break the _____________ (appoint). to perform an appointment (3)(应用文写作之祝贺信)得知你被任命为这个组织的领导者，我写信祝贺你。 Learning that you the leader of the organization，I am writing to congratulate you. 写作佳句 are appointed (as/to be) adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 (guilt n.内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行) 2 guilty be guilty of...犯有……罪 be/feel guilty for/at/about...对/为……感到内疚/有愧 (1)The guy who was questioned by the police was declared to be guilty ___ theft. of (2)(读后续写之心理描写)售货员对犯如此愚蠢的错误感到内疚，眼中涌出内疚的泪水。 The salesman making such a stupid mistake and welled up in his eyes. 写作佳句 was guilty about/for/at tears of guilt vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除 3 dismiss dismiss sb for...因……而解雇/开除某人 dismiss...from...去除，消除；解雇；免职；开除 dismiss...from one’s mind忘记/摒除/不再考虑…… (1)It turned out that he was dismissed being lazy and dishonest. (2)The chairwoman (dismiss) from her post for some so-called rumours，which threw her into the world of endless sadness. for was dismissed (3)(动作描写)他尽情地唱歌跳舞，把他的烦恼抛到脑后。 He sang and danced with abandon，_______________________ . 写作佳句 dismissing his trouble from his mind vt.表明；宣称；公布 (declaration n.宣称；声明) 4 declare declare sb/sth (to be)...宣布某人或某事是…… declare for/against赞成/反对 declare war (on/against...)(向……)宣战 declare sth/that...宣布…… It is/was declared that...据宣布…… (1)The science fiction novel was declared (be) the best novel of the year. (2)When asked for his opinion，he declared strongly the policy，saying that it was unfair. (3)After considering all the pros and cons，the chairwoman firmly declared the decision，which made people in favour of the plan relieved. to be against for (4)(话题写作之生态保护)幸运的是，没过多久这个地方就被宣布为自然保护区，濒危动物得到了保护。 Fortunately，it wasn’t long before _________________________ and the endangered animals got preserved. 写作佳句 the place was declared (to be) a nature reserve 根据；以……的方式(基准) on a...basis 5 • on a regular basis定期地；例行地；有规律地 on a daily/weekly basis每天/每周 on the basis of...以……为基础 • base...on/upon...把……置于……基础之上 • be based on/upon...以……为基础/根据 (1)We were amazed when my niece shared with us her science fiction novel which was based a true story. on/upon (2)(2021·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)我每天读半小时的英文报。以大量的阅读为基础，我极大地提高了我的英语。基于我自己的经历，我呼吁你们所有人定期读英文报。 I read the English newspaper for half an hour . much reading，I have greatly improved my English. my own experience，I call on all of you to read the English newspaper . 写作佳句 on a daily basis On the basis of Based on/upon on a regular basis adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的 n.上级，上司[superiority n.优势；优越(感)] superior 6 • be superior to比……更好，更胜一筹 be inferior to比……差/级别低 • be senior to比……年长/职位高 be junior to比……年龄小/职位低 (1)The chairwoman always treats others with dignity，including people much inferior her. (2)Just as the saleswoman says，the products they now produce have (superior) to their former ones in quality. to superiority (3)(读后续写之心理描写)说实话，他总是表现得似乎比我优越，这让我气得直发抖。 To be honest，he always behaves ，which makes me tremble with anger. 写作佳句 as if he were superior to me 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 take over 7 take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功 take on呈现；雇用；承担 take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留 take up占据；开始从事；接受 (1)语段填空 据宣布，他已接管这家公司。他解雇了一些不称职的工人，雇用了许多有能力的工人。另外，作为一个谦逊的人，他吸收其他人的建设性建议。管理这家公司占据了他所有的时间，但是他满怀信心地挑起重担。在所有人的共同努力下，这家公司结果大获成功，他的脸上露出了满意的笑容。 It was declared that he had the company.He dismissed some unqualified workers and many capable ones.Furthermore，being a modest person，he others’ constructive suggestions.Managing the company all his time，but he the burden with great confidence. With joint efforts，it turned out that the company and a satisfied smile emerged on his face. taken over took on took in took up took on took off (2)(读后续写之心理描写)接受这个奖的时候，我是如此激动以至于热泪盈眶。 ，I was so excited that tears welled up in my eyes. 写作佳句 When taking up the award 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是 turn out 8 turn down调低(音量等)；拒绝 turn in上交；交还，退还 turn to求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向 turn on打开(水、煤气、电灯等) turn off关闭(水、煤气、电灯等) turn up调高(音量等)；出现 (1)He turned on time at my birthday party and I was wild with joy. (2)What annoys my grandmother is that I like turning lights but often forget to turn them . up on off/out (3)(应用文写作之求助信)结果我的提议不符合公司的要求而被拒绝了。因此，我别无选择只能向你寻求帮助。你可以帮忙改进我的提议以便我可以在5月28日前再次提交这个提议吗？ It that my proposal didn’t meet the company’s requirements and it got .So I have no choice but to you for some assistance.Could you please help improve my proposal so that I can it again before May 28? 写作佳句 turned out turned down turn to turn in n.强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐 (urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的) urge 9 • have/feel an urge to do sth/for sth有强烈的欲望做某事/要某物 • urge sb to do sth催促某人做某事 urge that...(should) do sth极力主张/强调……做某事 It is urged that...(should) do sth极力主张/强调……做某事 (1)With an (urge) matter emerging，I must break our appointment. urgent (2)(2021·浙江6月，读后续写)尽管我渴望买一辆自行车，我的责任感敦促我快点回家把我辛苦挣的钱交给我的父母。 Although I ，my sense of responsibility to hand in my hard-earned money to my parents. (3)人们极力主张早睡以便保持身心健康。 so that we can keep physically and mentally healthy. 写作佳句 返 回 had an urge to buy a bike urged me to hurry home/urged that I (should) hurry home It is urged that we (should) go to bed early 热点微练 高考 37 A.解散　B.解雇　C.消除(顾虑等)　D.拒绝考虑 1.What he said just now dismissed doubts from my mind. 2.To the students’ joy，the class was dismissed early today. 3.He just laughed and dismissed my proposal as unrealistic. 4.He was dismissed from his job for being unqualified. Ⅰ.一词多义 ____ ____ ____ ____ C A D B A.关掉　B.在场　C.结果是　D.制造 5.As it turned out，Douglas did exactly what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she defeated two Russians.(2023·全国乙) 6.The factory turns out 900 cars on a weekly basis. 7.The children just played until their parents came round to turn the lamps out. 8.I really expected him to turn out on time. ____ ____ ____ ____ C D A B A.n.步速；速度　B.n.一步　C.v.踱步；缓慢而行 9.What annoyed him was that his leg hurt，and he could hardly walk even one pace. 10.The chairman stood up and began to pace up and down. 11.According to most calculations，race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour.(2020·全国Ⅰ) ____ ____ ____ B C A 1.He inched his way through the narrow passage. 2.He holds an appointment in the English Department at present. 3.I taught my daughter how to do division at the age of six. 4.Then came a rumour that all the staff would resign if Jack wasn’t dismissed，which made Jeremy explode with anger. Ⅱ.熟词生义 _________________ _____ _____ ______________ v.(朝……)缓慢移动 职务 除法 突然爆发(感情) 返 回 本课结束 $$ Section Ⅰ Vocabulary Science fiction Unit 1 1.On seeing the moving scene，my eyes were (模糊) with tears. 2.My niece bought a large number of (手帕) in the store. 3.The carpenter picked up a nail at and hit it into the table. 4.He didn’t treat me with (尊严)，which made me explode with anger. 5.Unfortunately，the salesman fell off the when he attempted to reach a box on the roof. 6.The saleswoman turned the volume of her speaker to the to attract customers. Ⅰ.单词拼写 blurred handkerchiefs random dignity ladder maximum 7.The salesman wants to live in an apartment， his wife would rather live in a house. 8.It takes a lot of (劳动) to make leather coats.That is why they are expensive. 9.Wherever you are，you should try to be a person with and honesty. 10.He is my immediate (上司) in the company and he is more like my relative. 11.He found it hard to keep with her as the chairwoman strode off. 12.He put a ladder against the wall to have a lamp (悬挂). whereas labour integrity superior pace suspended 1.The salesman was dismissed stealing some expensive necklaces. 2.I would be grateful if you could allow me to test the new camera. 3.I persuaded my niece to read English for twenty minutes a daily basis. 4.As a science student，I never felt an urge (appreciate) any literary works. 5.I strongly suggest that such a ridiculous idea (desert) right away. 6.The boy shows no sympathy for other students and often conflicts them. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 for out on to appreciate (should) be deserted with 7.Walking in the fields on a March afternoon，he felt the (warm) of spring. 8.Keep in mind that our challenges won’t fall and we must labour to solve them. 9.My niece (punish) by her father due to her silly mistake at this time yesterday. 10.Liu Cixin，a (distinguish) science fiction writer，has created many world-famous novels. warmth away was being punished distinguished 11.This country declared war four countries at the same time because of complicated political contradictions. 12.He performed perfectly in the speech contest and an (explode) of applause came out of the audience. on/against explosion 本课结束 $$