Unit 5 Section Ⅳ Writing—Writing an application letter(练案)-【成才之路】2024-2025学年高中新课程英语选择性必修第四册同步学习指导(外研版2019)

2025-05-26
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 高中英语外研版选择性必修第四册
年级 高二
章节 Unit 5 Into the Unknown
类型 作业-同步练
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-新授课
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
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发布时间 2025-05-26
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作者 河北万卷文化有限公司
品牌系列 成才之路·高中新教材同步学习指导
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1. C  句意为:她正拿着她的白手杖在路上走着,我看见 她将要走进一个泥泞的洞里。pavement人行道;passage 文章;hole洞;freeway高速公路。根据后文的“Theres a hole in front of you”可知,她前面有一个洞,她即将踏进 去。故选C。 2. D  句意为:如果她继续走,她可能会掉进水里。climb 攀爬;land降落;fly飞行;fall落入。故选D。 3. C  句意为:为了不让这种事情发生,我停下摩托车,大 声喊道,“你前面有个洞,Daisy。”car汽车;truck卡车; motorbike摩托车;bus公交车。根据后文的“I took her bag so she could climb on my motorbike.”可知,作者当时 骑着摩托车。故选C。 4. C  句意为:如果你愿意的话,我可以带你去你的住处。 pass通过;drop落下;take带走;fetch取来。根据后面的 描述可知,作者要送她一程。短语take sb. to. . .意为 “送某人去某地”。故选C。 5. D  句意为:她愉快地接受了。allow允许;expect期待; reply回答;accept接受。根据上文的happily可知,她接 受了作者的帮助。故选D。 6. B  句意为:我们谈到了她的工作,我发现她正在去学 校的路上。根据下文“to teach every morning at Maghars Primary School”可知此处谈的是工作。study研究;job 工作;celebration庆祝;travel旅行。故选B。 7. B  句意为:自从我们偶然相遇以来,Daisy给我打了几 次电话。 appointment 任命;meeting 遇见,会议; expectation期待;argument争吵。故选B。 8. A  句意为:然而,由于我繁忙的日程安排,一直不能赴 约。due to因为;in addition to另外;instead of而不是;in spite of尽管。故选A。 9. C  句意为:最后,在Mahdu商场重聚,她说。resist抵 抗;rescue营救;reunite再次相聚;remove去掉。自上次 分开以后他们一直没能见面,因此这次是重聚。故 选C。 10. A  句意为:我们讨论了一系列的问题,我发现Daisy 拥有的知识可以挑战许多身体健康的人。discover发 现;encourage鼓励;persuade说服;suppose假设。故 选A。 11. C  句意见上题解析。mentally精神上;appropriately适 当地;physically肉体地;naturally自然地。故选C。 12. A  句意为:虽然Daisy有一个母亲和三个兄弟,但过 去几年她一直一个人生活。live生活;lie撒谎;wait等 待;stay停留。故选A。 13. A  句意为:她自己做饭,自己洗衣服,每天早上都设 法去Maghar的小学教书。短语manage to do sth.表示 “设法完成某事”。故选A。 14. B  句意为:在做家务的时候,她试着记住人、地方和 事情来管理她的日常生活。practice练习;housework 家务;effort努力;homework家庭作业。根据上文“She cooks for herself and washes her own clothes”可知,她要 自己做家务。故选B。 15. C  句意为:她是一个自信的人,她告诉我,在她的兄 弟们说他们每个月轮流照顾她之后,她决定独自生活。 stubborn固执的;reliable可靠的;confident自信的; intelligent聪明的。根据后文的“I really admire her confidence”可知,她是个很自信的人,有信心独自生 活。故选C。 练案[20] Ⅰ. A     语篇解读  本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨 了ALife是否也在不断地进化的问题。 1. A  推理判断题。根据第三段中“As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their researchs applications,the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. (尽管许多ALifer讨厌强调他们研究的应用, 但创造人工生命的尝试可能会有实际的回报。)”可知, 作者认为创造人工生命的尝试是会有回报的;再结合 第二段“So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as declarations of the fields doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about ‘the point’of ALife might be, well,missing the point entirely,he says. ‘The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.’Alan says. ‘Some people ask me,‘So whats the worth of artificial life?’Do you ever think,‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’’(到目前为止,还没有人能令人信 服地制造出人工生命。这一记录使生命科学成为批评 的成熟目标,比如对该领域可疑科学价值的声明。复 杂性科学家艾伦·史密斯厌倦了这样的抱怨。他说, 询问ALife的‘意义’可能完全没有抓住要点。‘一个生 命系统的存在与任何东西的使用无关。’Alan说。‘有 人问我,‘那么人工生命的价值是什么?’你有没有想 过,‘你祖母的价值是多少?’’)”可推知,因为还没有人 能令人信服地制造出人工生命,才导致使生命科学成 为批评(认为其没有科学价值)的成熟目标,作者认为 这是不合理的,所以后文引用了Alan Smith的话语对这 种观点进行反驳,即关于Alan Smith对ALife的辩护,作 者表示支持。故选A。 2. C  词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Artificial intelligence may be considered ALifes cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamoured by a concept called openended evolution (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表 亲,因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进 化的概念enamoured。)”可知,人工智能可能被认为是 ALife的表亲,说明人工智能和ALife二者间有共同之 处,可推测是因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫 做开放进化的概念所吸引,所以才有了这种观点。故 画线词意为“吸引”。故选C。 3. B  推理判断题。根据第三段中“Artificial intelligence may be considered ALifes cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamoured by a concept called openended evolution (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表 亲,因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进 化的概念所吸引。)”可知,ALife和AI有一个共同的特 点。故选B。 4. D   标题归纳题。根据最后一段中“They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something:perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe,the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable. (它们 可能普遍适用于所有进化行为。最终,ALife可能没有 什么特别的。但即使是这种否定也表明了一些事情: 也许,就像整个宇宙中的生命本身一样,ALife的崛起将 被证明是不可避免的。)”结合文章主要探讨了ALife是 否也在不断地进化。D选项“生命在进化。创造ALife 的尝试也能进化吗?”是最合适的标题。故选D。 B     语篇解读  本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了恐龙灭 绝的可能的原因。 5. C  主旨大意题。纵观全文可知,本文主要介绍了恐龙 灭绝的两个可能的原因。故选C。 6. B  细节理解题,第三段和第四段分别讲述了两个可能 的原因:气候变化和流星撞击地球。故选B。 7. D  推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“perhaps”和“we are not 100% sure what really happened”可判断恐龙灭绝 的原因仍没有准确的说法。故选D。 Ⅱ.     语篇解读  本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了几 个月前,作者和家人去澳大利亚,并在那里学习了冲浪                                                                      。 —842— 1. without  考查介词。根据句意可知,此处应该用否定的 介词,without含“没有”之意。句意:我知道我不能不体 验它(冲浪)就离开这个冲浪之都…… 2. which  考查定语从词。分析句子结构可知,设空处引 导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Byron Bay。句意: ……所以我在拜伦湾的时候预订了一个团体冲浪课, 那里是一个非常受专业冲浪爱好者欢迎的冲浪之地! 3. lay  考查动词的时态。根据语境可知,此处是一般过 去时,用动词过去式。句意:我们一开始先做了些伸展 运动,沿着海滩慢跑热身,然后我们都躺在沙滩上的冲 浪板上,练习跳起来呈站立姿势。 4. jumping  考查非谓语动词。动词practice后接动名词 作宾语。 5. harder  考查比较级。根据后面的than可知,此处用形 容词比较级。句意:我不得不承认,冲浪比它看起来要 困难得多。 6. easily  考查副词。此处用副词修饰动词surfing。 7. instructors  考查名词复数。根据one of可知,此处用名 词复数,根据上文中的I booked a group surf lesson可知, 此处指冲浪教练。 8. Encouraged  考查非谓语动词。此处是过去分词短语 作状语,逻辑主语Ⅰ与encourage之间是被动关系。句 意:在他的鼓励下,我感觉好多了。 9. to stand  考查非谓语动词。manage to do sth.成功做某 事。句意:最后,我开始掌握它的窍门,到这节课结束 时,我可以自己站在冲浪板上了。 10. an  考查冠词。此处用不定冠词表泛指,awesome的 读音以元音音素开头。故填an。 Ⅲ.参考范文: Dear Editor, Im writing to express my concern about the life of the senior. Its a good idea for us students to visit seniors at weekends to keep them company,from whom we can benefit a lot at the same time. Besides,we can organize some activities such as singing,dancing and traveling,thus enabling them to lead a more socially active life. Whats more,convenience should be provided in public places like supermarkets and hospitals. Caring for the elderly is a traditional virtue,which will contribute to not only a happy family but also a harmonious society. Therefore,lets do something to make a difference. Yours, Li Hua 练案[21] 一、语言基础训练 Ⅰ. 1. unexceptional   2. shadows  3. scream  4. suspended   5. crew  6. shuttle Ⅱ. 1. to  2. of   3. in   4. on   5. since   6. to take   7. to make  8. off  9. to communicate Ⅲ. 1. take his place  2. on board  3. a sense of  4. tuned in 5. cast a shadow on  6. set foot on  7. was about to  8. are aware of  9. take off  10. become accustomed to Ⅳ. 1. to have involved myself in   2. It has been a few decades since  3. to come;no more active than the last one to come  4. having taken off   5. setting foot on;to become accustomed to 二、培优提升训练 Ⅰ. A     语篇解读  本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅 读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。 1. D   词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more,learning is generally more successful when its on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. (当阅读几百字或更多 的文本时,在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。 大量的研究证实了这一发现。)”可知,在纸上学习更有 成效,以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text(当实验人员从提出简单的 任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的 任务(如从文本中推断)时)”可推知,此处应是表达 “当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时, 纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意,所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意,和D项意思相近。故选 D项。 2. A  推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called ‘shallowing hypothesis (假说)’. According to this theory,people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media,which are often not so serious,and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. (但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一 个名为‘shallowing hypothesis’的理论。根据这一理论, 人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本,这些文本 通常不那么严肃,与阅读印刷品时相比,投入的精神努 力也更少。)”可知,shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅 读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态,不会像阅读纸 质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。 3. A  细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频)and video can feel more engaging than text,and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say,assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频 和视频可能比文本更具吸引力,因此大学教师越来越 多地转向这些技术,例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作 者的文章。)”可知,音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的 注意力,所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故 选A项。 4. C  推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts,audio and video all have educational roles,especially when providing resources not available in print. However,for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldnt assume all media are the same,even when they contain identical words. (数字文本、音频和视 频都具有教育作用,尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得 的资源时。然而,为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况 下最大限度地学习,教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都 是相同的,即使它们包含相同的单词。)”可知,尽管数 字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用,但当需要精 神集中和反思以最大化学习时,教育者不应假定所有 媒体都是相同的,即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明 作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代,因 此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。 B     语篇解读  本文是一篇说明文。嫦娥四号成功降落 在月球背面,并通过“鹊桥”中继星传回了世界第一张近 距离拍摄的月背影像图,揭开了古老月背的神秘面纱。 5. B  推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句“The landing of the Change 4 spacecraft at 10:26 in the morning Beijing Time has opened up a new chapter in human lunar exploration.”可知,中国在太空探索方面进步很快。 6. B  推理判断题。根据第四段中的最后一句话“Theres no doubt that our nation will go farther and farther.”可知, 他对中国的太空探索充满了信心。 7. A  细节理解题。根据文章的最后一句“The mission will provide important information for studying the origin of stars and nebula evolution(星云的变化).”可知,A                                                                      项 —942— 练案[20] Unit 5  Into the unknown Section Ⅳ  Writing—Writing about the unexplained Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·高考北京卷)     What is life?Like most great questions,this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer. The reason is simple:we know of just one type of life and its challenging to do science with a sample size of one. The field of artificial life—called ALife for short—is the systematic attempt to spell out lifes fundamental principles. Many of these practitioners, socalled ALifers,think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is.     So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism,such as declarations of the fields doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith,a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about“the point” of ALife might be,well,missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.”Alan says. “Some people ask me,‘So whats the worth of artificial life?’Do you ever think,‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’”     As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their researchs applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALifes cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamoured  by a concept called openended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity,to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earths biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce lifes endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines.     Compared with the developments of Al, advances in ALife are harder to recognize. One reason is that ALife is a field in which the central concept—life itself—is undefined. The lack of agreement among ALifers doesnt help either. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For better or worse,ALife mirrors the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混 乱的)progression is a striking parallel (平行线)to the evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth biosphere.     Undefined and uncontrolled,ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may be, of course, that these characteristics arent in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something:perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe,the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable. 1. Regarding Alan Smiths defence of ALife, the author is     . A. supportive          B. puzzled C. unconcerned D. doubtful 2. What does the word “enamoured”underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?    A. Shocked. B. Protected. C. Attracted. D. Challenged. 3. What can we learn from this passage? B    A. ALife holds the key to human future. B. ALife and AI share a common feature. C. AI mirrors the developments of ALife. D. AI speeds up the process of human evolution. 4. Which would be the best title for the passage?     A. Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out? B. Life Evolves. Can AI Help ALife Evolve,Too? C. Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day? D. Life Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve,Too? B Millions of years ago there were many types of dinosaurs on Earth. Most dinosaurs were planteaters. Th Apatosaurus,for example,had a long thin neck so that it could eat leaves from trees. Other dinosaurs were meateaters. The Tyrannosaurus Rex killed smaller dinosaurs for food. Dinosaurs were real animals that once lived on the earth,but they died out about 65 million years ago. The disappearance of the dinosaurs is in some way a great mystery. Some scientists think that the climate changed suddenly. Fossils (化石)of trees tell us that the temperature dropped a lot and that the level of the sea dropped as well. This means tha                                                                 t it got —702— suddenly much colder. Perhaps the dinosaurs were too slow to change with the climate. A new idea is that a meteor(流星)crashed into the earth. Scientists discovered a place in Mexico where they think the meteor crashed. They think that there was a lot of dust from the meteor. The dust landed on the plants. Also the dust blocked the suns light for as long as five years. Many animals, including dinosaurs,were planteaters,and perhaps the dust killed them. This means there was nothing left for meateating dinosaurs to eat,and so they died out. But,as many animals from that time didnt die, we are not 100% sure what really happened. 5. What is the subject discussed in the text?    A. Dinosaurs,the real animals living millions of years ago. B. The two types of dinosaurs. C. The probable reasons for dinosaurs disappearance. D. A meteor crashed into the Earth. 6. What are the two possible explanations to the dinosaurs disappearance?    A. Temperature dropping and sea level dropping. B. Climate changing and the meteors crashing. C. The dropping of temperature and sea level. D. Climate changing and the dust blocking the suns light. 7. What is the direct cause of the disappearance of meateating dinosaurs?    A. A meteors crashing. B. The dust blocking the suns light. C. The planteating dinosaurs death.                       D. It is still unknown.    Ⅱ.语法填空     A few months ago,I made a visit to Australia with my family. I knew I couldnt leave the surf capital of the world 1.         experiencing it,so I booked a group surf lesson when I was in Byron Bay, 2.         is a really popular place for professional surfers to go and catch some waves! We started off with a warmup by doing some stretches and going for a jog along the beach;then we all 3.         (lie)down on our surfboards on the sand and practiced 4.         (jump)up to the standing position. After a couple of practice,we were ready to go out into the sea and try it out on the water. I have to admit that surfing is much 5.         (hard)than it looks—when you watch people from the beach,you feel they are surfing so 6.         (easy)!I had a couple of failed attempts to stand up,and then one of the 7.         (instruct)came to help me and held my board steady. 8.         (encourage)by him,I felt much better. Finally I started to get the hang of it and by the end of the lesson I could manage 9.         (stand) up on the board by myself. It was such 10.         awesome feeling that I couldnt wait to try it again!    Ⅲ.应用文写作     假定你是李华,得知某英文报社就“如何关爱 老年人”征集想法。请给编辑写一封信,内容 包括: 1.写信目的; 2.个人或社会能做的事情; 3.发出呼吁。 注意: 1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.信的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。 Dear Editor          , Yours,                     Li Hua —802—

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Unit 5 Section Ⅳ Writing—Writing an application letter(练案)-【成才之路】2024-2025学年高中新课程英语选择性必修第四册同步学习指导(外研版2019)
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