Unit 1 SectionⅠ Reading and Thinking(练案)-【成才之路】2024-2025学年高中新课程英语选择性必修第四册同步学习指导(人教版2019)

练案[1] UNIT I SCIENCE FICTION Section I Reading and Thinking 一、语言基础训练 6.An organic calculate)has been I,单词拼写 made to answer the question. 1.(2024·全国甲卷)One where I kind of knew what7.The desire (look）attractive is was going to happen,historical universal. (小说). 8.She has been a relationship with 2.She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash her boyfriend for a year and a half. (奖金). 9.The students tested their cost- 3.The kid was raised to become a man of cutting ideas in several companies. (诚实) 10.Its rate of growth was fast-much more 4.Instead of losing (尊严)，you that of an ape than that of a human. would gain respects for bravely admitting your Ⅲ.选词填空 mistakes. test out,experiment with,on a business trip,more 5.A cloud of smoke was (悬)in like,look after,or rather,go downtown,in time the air. come up with,make an appointment with 6.He was (解雇)for neglect of his 1.She behaves towards me a friend duty. 7.He draws his (工资)at the end of than a mother. 2.I am going with my boss every month. 8.The tomorrow. (推销员)cheated me into buying a fake. 3.The university students will the 9.It was (荒唐)and illogical to go computer program for any bugs. out into such a storm. 4.We should advertise for someone to 10.The tyre's flat-the (钉子)has the garden. gone right through. 5.Scientists military Ⅱ.单句语法填空 rockets in the early research,which prepared the 1.She looked ridiculous)young to ground for space travel. be a mother. 6.Americans, Afro-Americans are 2.They made an (appoint）for the good at jazz music. second day of May. 7.It is necessary for you to 3.His (guilt)expression confirmed my the doctor before you go to see him. suspicions. 8.Based on this plan,the municipal government has 4.She read the declare aloud for 78 detailed tasks,of which 45 everyone to hear it clearly. have been completed so far. 5.(2024·浙江1月卷)The tip that comes up most9.He braked his car just to avoid an often is simple:build online courses into your accident. week )schedule,just like what you 10.I will need to to the bank would do with in person courses. this afternoon. -173- 二、培优提升训练 tracking of these tiny changes would not be enough to 【,阅读理解 track a heartbeat.Other,much larger movements occur (2024·山西省高考考前适应性测试) on a person's chest-from their breathing,for Glasgow University researchers have created a laser example-which would flood signals from their camera using AI and quantum technologies to heartbeat. remotely detect a person's heartbeat,potentially “That is where AI comes in,”Faccio said.“We changing health monitoring.Professor Faccio imagines use advanced computing systems to separate out various applications,such as setting up this technology everything except the vibrations caused by a person's in shopping malls or fixing laser heart monitors in heartbeat.We know the frequency range of the human homes.These monitors could be part of an extensive heartbeat,and the AI focuses on that.The prime use of system tracking different health aspects,such as blood this technology-which we hope to have ready next pressure and slight changes in movement,indicating year-will be to measure heartbeats easily and quickly early signs of conditions like Alzheimer's. outside hospitals.The benefits could be considerable. Monitoring a person's heartbeat from a distance 1.What can the laser camera be used for? holds significant value,as it can detect irregularities A.Improving the usage of stethoscope. like abnormal heart rates,providing crucial warnings of B.Measuring blood pressure remotely. potential heart issues.In contrast to the traditional use of C.Recording images of the human throat. stethoscopes（听诊器)，his system overcomes D.Detecting a person's heartbeat from a distance. limitations associated with proper stethoscope usage,2.What does Paragraph 3 focus on as for this system? such as the need for training and the potential reduction of heartbeat signals. A.How it works. B.Where it is used. The system developed by Faccio and his team C.Whom it benefits. D.What it is composed of. involves high-speed cameras which can record images at3.Which is closest in meaning to"acuity"in Paragraph speeds of 2,000 frames per second.A laser beam is 4? shone on to the skin of a person's throat and the A.Consistency. B.Complexity. reflections are used to measure exactly how much their C.Sensitivity. D.Intensity. skin is rising and falling as their main artery ()4.What role does AI play in this system? expands and contracts as blood is forced through it. A.To measure skin movements. These changes involve movements of only a few B.To recognize heartbeat vibrations. billionths of a metre. C.To record images at high speeds. Such acuity is striking,though on its own the D.To shine a laser beam on the skin. Ⅱ.七选五 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 (2024·八省联考) How to Protect Against Undue Influence Online The potential for undue influence has become increasingly significant in this era of digital interconnectivity. Undue influence can affect our perceptions and influence our decisions.It may even endanger our autonomy() and mental health.1. Understand what undue influence is The first step to protecting yourself is understanding what undue influence is.Undue influence refers to a -174 situation in which an individual or group employs unreasonable control over another person's behavior information, thoughts,and emotions.2.Disinformation campaigns,persuasive advertising,and even content designed to cause fear,uncertainty,or dependency may often appear online. Develop media literacy skills In an age of fake news,it is crucial to develop media literacy skills.3. Become a consumer who can tell the quality of information,identify the source,check for credibility,and look for your unconscious assumptions and preferences. 4. Delete as much data as you can about yourself.Be mindful of what information you share online,and always ensure that your online activities are secured through reliable sources.Review all policies on platforms,especially "free"ones.If you aren't paying,then you are the product,as in many cases,they are selling your data. By including these steps into your digital life,you can protect yourself from undue influence in the online world,ensuring that you can think and act independently,free from ill control. 5.It is your mind.Only you should control it! A.Prioritize privacy B.Be mindful of free ones C.It's vital to have a healthy Internet and real-life balance. D.In the digital world,undue influence can take many forms. E.Everyone deserves the right to live free from undue influence. F.They involve analyzing,evaluating,and creating media in various forms. G.Here are some essential strategies for you to protect yourself online from undue influence. Ⅲ，语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2024·山东省泰安市高三二模) The market for wearable technology in the past few years has been on a rapid rise.We seem to have too much attachment to data accessible on those devices.1. is it a good thing that we're relying on technology more often than not,recording every step we take?Can those tools really maximize your workout benefits?The real questions surround not the 2. (wear),but the wearer. The challenge for athletes 3. look)to up their game with data is finding the type of information that is most helpful.If you are hoping to run faster and want to try moderating your pace based on heart rate "zones," a wearable can help you do so.However,for professionals and those who are new 4. working out,less is more. Earlier this month,Sara Hall,a professional marathon runner competing in the U.S.Olympic marathon trials, actually 5. throw away her GPS watch midrace 6. (avoid)distraction.Similarly,for beginner runners,it's more important to learn to listen to your body's signals-tiredness,7.ache), bursts of energy-8. to track your pace or heart rate.Depending on what those goals are,there might be ways to achieve them that are more cost 9.effect),more fun,more convenient.Dr.Ethan Weiss,a physician at the University of California tells his patients that a different item 10. attach)at your wrist, like a leash,is more likely to pull you toward more activity. -175—[练案部分] 练案[1] 影响。)承接上文,作为过渡句,引出后文的策略。故选G 2. D 根 据 上文的" The first step to protecting yourself is understanding what undue influence is. Undue influence refers to a I.1. fiction 2. bonus 3. integrity 4. dignity 5. suspended situation in which an individual or group employs unreasonable 6. dismissed 7. salary 8. salesman 9. absurd 10. nail control over another person's behavior information. thoughts. and II. 1. ridiculously 2. appointment 3. guilty 4. declaration emotions.(保护自已的第一步是了解什么是不当影响。不当 5. weekly 6. calculation 7. to look 8. in 9. out 10. like 影响指的是个人或团体对他人的行为信息、思想和情绪采取 III.1. more like 2. on a business trip 3. test out 4. look after 不合理控制的情况。)”和下文的”Disinformationeampaigns. 5. experimented with 6. or rather 7. make an appointment with persuasive advertising, and even content designed to cause fear. 8. come up with 9. in time 10. go downtown uncertainty, or dependency may often appear online.(虚假信息 二、 运动,有说服力的广告,甚至旨在引起恐惧,不确定性或依赖 1.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了格拉斯哥大学研 的内容可能经常出现在网上。)”可知,D项(在数字世界中 究人员结合人工智能和量子技术,成功研发激光相机,可远程检 不当影响可以有多种形式。)承接上文,在不当影响的定义之 测心疏。 后又继续指出它存在多种形式,下文举例说明了不当影响都 1.D 细节理解题。从第一段中“...researchers have createda 有哪些具体的表现。故选D laser(激光) camera using Al and quantum technologies to 3.F 根据上文的"In an age of fake news, it is crucial to develop remotely detect a person's heartbeat...(....研究人员利用人工. medialitemcyskills.(在假新闻泛滥的时代.培养媒体素养至 智能和量子技术制造了一种激光相机,可以远程探测人的心 关重要。)”和下文的“Becomea consumer whocantell the 跳......)”可知,这款激光相机可以远程检测一个人的心跳 quality of information, identify the source, check for credibility. 故选D。 and look for your unconscious assumptions and preferences. (成为 2.A 段落大意题。根据第三段内容(Faccio和他的团队开发的 一个消费者,能够判断信息的质量,识别来源,检查可信度,并 系统包括高速摄像机,可以以每秒2.000帧的速度记录图像 寻找你无意识的假设和偏好。)”可知,F项(它们包括分析 激光束照射在人的喉咙皮肤上,反射的光被用来精确测量他 评价和创造各种形式的媒体。)承接上文,指出了媒体素养所 们的大动脉在血液被迫通过时皮肤的起伏程度。这些变化只 包含的内容,下文指出了成为一名具有媒体素养的消费者应 涉及几十亿分之一米的运动。)可知,本段讲这个系统是如何 该做到的事情。故选F。 进行工作的。故选A。 4.A 本段主要讲述的是上网时的安全问题,因此A项(优先考 3.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的Such可知,Suchacuity指 虑隐私)能够概括本段大意,可以作为段落小标题。故选A。 的是前文的内容,结合第三段中的“The system developed by 5. E 根据下文的”It is your mind. Only you should control it!(这 Faccio and his team involves high-speed cameras which can record 是你的思想。只有你能控制它!)”可知,E项(每个人都应该 images at speeds of 2, ooo frames per second.(Faccio 和他的团 享有不受不当影响的生活权利。)指出人们在网络上要摆脱不 队开发的这个系统包括高速摄像机,可以以每秒2.000帧的 当影响,而这取决于你的判断能力和媒体素养,因此该项与下 速度记录图像。)"和“These changes involve movements of only a 文连接通顺。故选E。 fewbillionths ofametre.(这些变化只涉及儿十亿分之一米的 1 III.语篇解读:本文是一篇议论文。主要围绕可穿戴技术及其对 运动。)”可知,由此可推测出,这个系统非常灵敏。acuity意 运动员和锻炼者的影响。 为“敏锐”,和sensitivity意思相近。consistency一致性,连贯1.But 考查连词。句意:但是,我们更多地依赖于技术,记录我 性;complexity复杂性;sensitivity灵敏度,敏感;intensity强烈 们的每一步,这是一件好事吗?设空前“We seemtohave too 故选C。 much attachment to data accessible on those devices."和设空后 4.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Weuseadvanced "is it a good thing that we're relying on technology more often than computing systems to separale out everything except the vibrations not, recording every step we take?”之间为转折关系,用连词but caused by a person's heartbeat. We know the frequeney range of 连接;出现在句首,首字母需大写。故填But。 the human heartbeat, and the AI focuses on that.(我们使用先进 2.wearable 考查形容词。句意:真正的问题不在于可穿戴设 的计算系统分离出除了由人的心跳引起的振动之外的一切 备,面在于穿戴者本身。分析句子成分,根据句意可知,设空 我们知道人类心跳的频率范围,而人工智能专注于此。)”可 处考查“定冠词+形容词”,表示一类人或事物。thewearable 知,人工智能在这个系统中的功能是辨别心跳的频率范围 表示“可穿戴设备”。故填wearable 故选B 3.looking 考查非谓语动词。句意:对于想要用数据提升比赛 II.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了通过提高媒体素 水平的运动员而言,面临的挑战是找到最有帮助的信息类型。 养、注意隐私保护、审慎对待免费服务等措施,人们可以在网络 非谓语动词担当后置定语,被修饰词“athlete”和动词”look”之 空间中更好地保护自己,确保能够独立思考和行动,远离不当 间为主动关系,用现在分词形式。故填looking。 拉制。 4.to考查固定短语。句意:然而,对于专业人士和那些刚开始 1. G 根据上文的"The potential for undue influence has become 锻炼的人来说,少即是多。benewtosth.,意为“刚开始做某 increasingly significant in this era of digital interconnectivity. 事,初学乍练的”,符合句意。故填to。 Undue influence can affect our perceptions and influence our 5. threw 考查时态。句意:本月早些时候,参加美国奥运会马拉 decisions. It may even endanger our autonomy(白主) and mental 松选拔赛的职业马拉松运动员SaraHall为了避免分心,竟然 health.(在这个数字互联互通的时代,不正当影响的可能性变 在比赛中途扔掉了她的CPS手表。分析句子成分可知,设空 得越来越大。不适当的影响会影响我们的认知,影响我们的 处为谓语动词,根据时间状语“earlier thismonth”可知,本句时 决定。它甚至可能结束我们的自主权和心理健康。)”可知,G 态为一般过去时。故填threw 项(这里有一些重要的策略,可以让你在网上免受不正当的6.toavoid 考查非谓语动词。句意:本月早些时侯,参加美国奥 -251- 运会马拉松选拔赛的职业马拉松运动员SaraHall为了避免分 But transplanting the whole eye-the eyeball, its blood supply. 心,竟然在比赛中途扔掉了她的GPS手表。非谓语动词担当 and the critical optic nerve(视神经) that must conneet it to the 目的状语,用动词不定式形式。故填toavoid. brain(今天,角膜移植通常用于治疗某些类型的视力丧失。但 7.aches 考查名词复数。句意:同样,对于跑步初学者来说,学 是移植整只眼睛一眼球,它的血液供应,以及连接它和大脑的 会倾听你身体的信号--疲劳、疼痛、能量爆发--比跟踪你 关键视神经)"及后文”in the search to cure blindness(为了治 的速度或心率更重要。分析句子成分可知,ache“疼痛”为可 疗失明)”可知,虽然眼角膜移植术是成熟的,但是移植一整 数名词,应用名词的复数形式。故填aches。 只眼睛及附属神经和血流供应等还是比较难以完成的,But引 8. than 考查固定搭配。句意:同样,对于跑步初学者来说,学会 出转折,画线词意思为,一项极其难以完成的工程。故选C。 倾听你身体的信号--疲劳、疼痛、能量爆发--比跟踪你的 3.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The difficulty nowis howto 速度或心率更重要。根据上文的”moreimportant”可知,设空 regrow the optic nerve, although animal studies are making 处填“than”,构成固定搭配:more...than...,意为“比...... progress.(现在的困难是如何再生视神经,尽管动物研究正在 更.....”,符合句意。故填than 取得进展。)”可知,研究者进行眼球移植面对的挑战是移植 9.effective 考查形容词。句意:根据目标的不同,可能会有一 眼的视神经如何再长出来。故选D。 些成本更低、更有趣、更方便的方法来实现这些目标。分析句 4.B 标题归纳题。根据第一段(纽约大学(NYU)的外科医生 子成分可知,设空处为形容词形式,和下文“fun,convenient”并 完成了世界首例整只人眼的移植手术,这是继面部移植手术 列,作表语。故填effective 之后的又一项非凡成就,尽管现在知道这名男子是否能通过 10. attached 考查非谓语动词。句意:加州大学的内科医生 他的新左眼看东西还为时过早。)及全文内容可知,本文介绍 EthanWeiss博士告诉他的病人,在手腕上系一条不同的东 了纽约大学的医生完成世界首例眼部移植手术的事迹,B项 西,比如皮带,更有可能把你拉向更多的活动。非谓语动词 (纽约大学医生完成世界首例眼部移植手术)适合最为最佳 担当后置定语,被修饰词“adifferent item”和动词“attach”之 标题。故选B。 间存在被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填attached。 II.语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了科技的发展改变 练案[2] 了Stabelfeld-一位四肢痛痪者的生活,使他有机会结婚生子. 有独立生活、照顾自己的能力,成为一个有价值的人。 一 1.A 考查动词短语辨析。句意:但他下定决心不想让她照顾 I.1. rumour 2. presume 3. fare 4. weekly 5. calculating 他。A. care for照顾;B. learn from向.....学习;C. talk about 谈 6. venue 7. salesmen 8. recruited 9. alien 10. flour 论;D.keepupwith跟上。根据第二段“'Aspouse(配偶) II.1. presumption 2. to 3. before 4. weekly 5. to play 6. on should be your lover and your friend. 2. a free caregiver. 7. that 8. calculation 9. be admitted I0. with said Stabelfeldt.(Stabelfeldt说:'配偶应该是你的爱人和朋友. II.单句语法填空 而不是一个免费的照顾者。')”可知,Stabelfeldt不想让他的 1. are kept 2. would be announeed 3. was designed 4. had 妻子照顾他。故选A。 been studied 5. paid 6. sell 7. is being drawn 8. reading 2.C 考查介词短语辨析。句意:配偶应该是你的爱人和朋友, 9. were sold 10. is being built 而不是一个免费的照顾者。A.becauseof因为:B. incaseof 句型转换 以防;C. insteadof代替,而不是;D. inspite of不管,尽管。根 1. The homework needs to be done with care. 据前文"But he was determined that he didn't want her to 1. 2. The tradition of carnival was revived by students in the him.(但他下定决心不想让她照顾他。)”以及本句中“A late 1o70 spouse(配偶) should be your lover and your friend(配偶应该 3. You must pay attention to your pronunciation. 是你的爱人和朋友)”可知,Stabelfeld;不想让妻子照顾他,因 4. Carnival is enjoyed by millions of people today. 为他认为妻子是他的爱人和朋友,而不是一个免费的照顾者。 5. He said that they would plant the trees soon. 故选C. 6. He said that he had finished the work. 3.B 考查形容词短语辨析。句意;Sabelfeldt是一个四肢痴痪 7. The new tool was being made by them at that time. 的人,他的肩膀以下不能活动,但他没有花时间为自已感到难 8. The children ought to be taken good care of in the nursery. 过。A. surprised at对.....感到惊讶;B. sorry for 为......感到抱 二. 歉,难过;C. afraidof担心.害怕;D. proudof以....感到自豪 I.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了组约大学的医生 根据下文"He spends most of his time running his IT business 完成世界首例眼部移植手术的科学案例。 from his home office. 5. his wife around the house, and 1.D 推理判断题。根据第一段“NewYorkUniversity(NYU) buildinghischarity.(他的大部分时间都在家里的办公室里经 surgeons have performed the world's first transplant of an entire 营他的IT业务,帮助妻子做家务,并建立他的慈善机构。)”和 humaneye(纽约大学(NYU)的外科医生完成了世界首例整只 本句中的转折词“but”可知,Stabelfeldt虽然四肢瘾痪,但他把 人眼的移植手术)"及第二段“But the surgeons hopedreplacing 大部分的时间都用来工作和生活,可见他并没有花时间为自 the missing one would produce better cosmetic(整容的) results 己感到难过或遗憾。故选B for his new face. The NYU team is doing just that. James is 4. C 考查名词词义辨析。句意:他抓住一切机会寻求独立 recovering well from the dual (双重的) transplant last May and 包括他和凯伦的婚姻。A.courage勇气;B. exeitement激动,兴 the donated eye looks remarkably healthy.(但外科医生希望替 奋;C. independence独立;D. passion激情,热情。根据前文 换掉一只眼睛能让他的新脸有更好的美容效果。纽约大学的 "But he was determined that he didn't want her to 1. him. 研究小组正在这样做。詹姆斯从去年五月的双重移植手术中 (但他下定决心,他不想让她照顾他。)”以及下文“Hespends 恢复得很好,移植的眼睛看起来非常健康。)”可知,James脸 most of his time running his Ir business from his home office. 部受伤,他接受了脸部和眼球双重移植手术。故选D。 5. his wife around the house, and building his charity.(他 2.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词前文“Today,transplants of the 的大部分时间都在家里的办公室里经营他的IT业务,帮助妻 cornea( 眼角膜) are common to treat certain types of vision loss. 子做家务,并建立他的慈善机构。)”可知,Stabelfeldt没有让妻 -252-