专题03 动词分类、动词时态、语态、非谓语动词精讲-2025届中考英语总复习（牛津译林版）

专题03.动词分类、动词时态、语态、非谓语动词精讲 动词分类 一．动词分类易错点 （1）I don't have lunch at home. Neither do you. （前后主语不一样，Neither do you 主谓倒装） I have been here an hour. So have you. （前后主语不一样，Neither do you 主谓倒装） A —I bought a new book ,Tom. B —So you did.(I 和 you 指同一个人，主谓不倒装) （2） 初中重点动词短语 四个 to 后接—ing 形式的短语（to 在该短语中作介词用） prefer doing sth.to doing sth.—prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. like ... better than.----prefer to do sth. be used to doing (习惯于...） used to do （过去通常） be used to do （被用来做...） look forward to doing 盼望 make a contribution to doing 采取措施/为......做贡献 （3） 人花费 spend... (in) doing sth 。spend on sth 。pay... for... 。 物花费 It takes... to do cost cost 价值 （4） 动词+介词get over 此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。如： This is my new bike. Please look it after.(×) This is my new bike. Please look after it.(√) （5） 动词+副词 “动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类： A．动词（vt.）+副词 1．put on 穿上 2．take off 脱下 3．write down 记下 此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能 放在副词的前面。 二．动词分类常考点 考点一：系动词（系动词+形容词） 常用的系动词： 1.be（am/is/are/was/were）（变为一般疑问句需提前） 2.感官类：feel、look、sound、smell、taste 3.保持类：keep、stay、remain 4.变化类：become（身份变化）、get（+情绪）、grow（身体变化）、turn（+颜色）、go（特制食物变质或+bad等不好的词）、fall（fall asleep）、come 5.其他类：seem似乎、appear(出现) 例句：He is a good father. 他是一位好父亲。 She looks younger than before. 她看起来比以前年轻。 They look the same. 他们看起来一样。 Everyone will grow old. 每个人都会变老。 After a few years, the things got worse and worse. 几年后，情况变得越来越糟糕。 Keep quiet while you’re going around. 参观时要保持安静。 考点二：助动词 1、be动词（am，is，are） ① be动词做谓语时，要与主语在人称和数上保持一致。 用法口诀: 我用am，你用are，is 用在他、她、它，复数全用are。 如：I am a teacher. You are a student. She is a nurse. We are Chinese. ② be动词的否定形式：am not(无缩写形式)，is not＝isn’t，are not=aren’t 2、助动词(do，does，did) ① do，does用于一般现在时，does用于第三人称单数，其他人称和数用do。其过去式did用于一般过去时。他们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。助动词后动词要用原形。 如：Do you like this film? Does she like playing football? I didn’t go to school yesterday. ② 否定形式：do not = don’t，does not =doesn’t，did not=didn’t 考点三：行为动词 行为动词也叫实意动词，是具有实际意义的动词。如run（跑）, jump（跳）， listen（听）,sing（唱）,eat（吃）,think（想）等。 行为动词在句子中有人称和时态的变化。 在英语中，不同时间里发生的动作或存在的状态，需要用不同的动词形式来表现，这就叫时态。 一 般 现 在 时 <—————————————+————————————> 一般过去时 现在进行时 一般将来时 考点四：情态动词（情态动词+动词原形） 情态动词基本用法： 情态动词 用法 否定式 疑问式与简答 can 能力（体力，智力，技能） 允许或许可（口语中常用） 可能性（表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中） can not / cannot /can’t do Can…do…? Yes,…can. No,…can’t. could couldn’t do may 可以（问句中表示请求） 可能，或许（表推测） 祝愿（用于倒装句中） may not do May…do…? Yes,…may. No,…mustn’t/can’t. might might not do Might…do…? Yes,…might No,…might not. must 必须，应该（表主观要求） 肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测） must not/mustn’t do Must…do…? Yes,…must. No,…needn’t/don’t have to. have to 只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态人称变化） don’t have to do Do…have to do…? Yes,…do. No,…don’t. ought to 应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用should ought not to/oughtn’t to do Ought…to do…? Yes,…ought. No,…oughtn’t. shall 将要，会 用于一三人称征求对方意见 用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等 shall not/shan’t do Shall…do…? Yes,…shall. No,…shan’t. should 应当，应该（表义务责任） 本该（含有责备意味） should not/shouldn’t do Should…do…? will 意愿，决心 请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉 will not/won’t do Will…do…? Yes,…will. No,…won’t. would would not/wouldn’t do dare 敢（常用于否定句和疑问句中） dare not/daren’t do Dare…do…? Yes,…dare. No,…daren’t. need 需要 必须（常用于否定句和疑问句中） need not/needn’t do Need…do…? Yes,…must. No,…needn’t. used to 过去常常（现在已不再） used not/usedn’t/usen’t to do didn’t use to do Used…to do…? Yes,…used. No,…use(d)n’t. Did…use to do…? Yes,…did. No,…didn’t. 情态动词注意点： 1. can和be able to: 都可以表示能力。但be able to可以表达“某事终于成功”，而can无法表达此意。Be able to有更多的时态。另外，两者不能重叠使用。 2. used to和would: used to表示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯，而would只表示过去的习惯或喜好，不涉及现在。 3. need和dare作情态动词和实义动词的区别： 两者作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句。其形式为：needn’t/daren’t do；Need/dare…do…? 做实义动词时可用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句。其形式为：need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared) to do, don’t(doesn’t/didn’t) need/dare to do 1．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）You’d better not stay close to the people with flu. You ________ get sick. A．may B．need C．should D．must 2．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）—How nice that Lucy has been invited to the party too! —Well, Lucy ________ not come. She is not certain whether her mother will allow her to. A．might B．would C．could D．can 3．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）Ray ________ be slow, but at least he doesn’t make silly mistakes. A．must B．may C．need D．should 4．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）— Some people don’t show their talents in the very beginning. — I agree. Even Einstein ________ read until he was seven. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．couldn’t 5．（2025·江苏淮安·一模）You ________ very professional when you do some jobs, but you must be serious when you do any job. A．needn’t to be B．needn’t be C．don’t need be D．shouldn’t be 6．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）Even my younger brother can work out this problem. It ________be very difficult. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．won’t 7．（2024·江苏南京·三模）Once a term, there ________ a parents’ meeting and a reading day in our school. A．is B．are C．have D．were 8．（2021·湖北鄂州·中考真题）—Would you like something to drink? —No, thanks. I ________ some tea already. A．have drunk B．was drinking C．will drink D．drink 从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 choose practise seem warn be prefer can sell look clean 1．According to some research, before toothbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese people ________ their teeth with some tree branches. 2．There was a boy sitting in the corner of the room and he ________ sad. 3．He has ________ to study in a junior school near his home. 4．Mr. Li ______ his students not to play computer games too much. It's harmful to their study. 5．This book on places of interest in Henan ______ well in this bookshop. 6．Mr. Lin makes his students __________ speaking English for 20 minutes every day. 7．My aunt said she ______ play the piano when she was only six. 8．There is going to__ a football match this Sunday. 9．We must stop and ____ both ways before we cross the road. 10．Susan ________ to wear clothes which are made of cotton. She thinks they are comfortable. 动词时态 一．动词时态易错点 （1）动词变化三大黄金法则：主谓一致 ，就近一致， 双动词关系 主谓一致：谓语动词跟着主语发生变化 第三人称单数现象（集体名词做主语） Our class are playing football now (与人有关的动作） Our class is a small one (整体) （2） 主谓一致之就近一致（必考） There be 句型、 Either or、 Neither...nor... 、not only...but also.. Not only they but also I am wrong. （3） 态一致：从句与主句时态一致 He said he had been there for an hour. He said the sun is bigger than the moon.(自然规律自然现象用一般现在时态) He said the moon is running around the earth.(错误，应改为一般现在时态) （4） 时态一致之时态变异（必考） A——瞬间动词的-ing 形式表将来 The plane is taking off in an hour. The old man is dying.（将要死了） B——条件状语从句：一般现在时表将来 I don't know if he will come tomorrow. If he comes, I will call you. I will ring you as soon as I finish my work. I won’t go out until my homework is done. 典型考题： A—I will go swimming. B—If you go, so will I. （5）单句中，若有两个动词（be 动词，行为动词，不包括助动词） ，他们的关系有四种： and 连接连接两个动词——动作先后或并列发生，前后形式一致 有些动词如forget 、remember等词后接 to do——表示动作未做，准备做 改为 doing——动作正在做或已做 某些动词后改为-ed 形式——后一动作被动发生 （6）特例：* 使、让（make ，let， have） 主动不带 to，被动带 to make sb. do /make sb not do/be made to do let sb. do * The teacher asked the students to stop talking and to listen to her. * I have my car repaired.（我请人修理了我的车。车被人修） I have repaired my car.(我修理了我的车。现在完成时态) I have him repair my car.（我让他修我的车。Have sb. do sth） 二．动词时态常考点 动词的时态： 1. 动词的时态一共有16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下： 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般 ask / asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask 进行 am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking should/would be asking 完成 have/has asked had asked shall/will have asked should/would have asked 完成进行 have/has been asking had been asking shall/will have been asking should/would have been asking 考点一：一般现在时(do/does) 1.一般现在时的用法 ①表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与频度副词连用。 I often take a walk in the park. 我经常在公园散步。 ②表示客观事实、真理。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。 ③在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。（主将从现） If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go bike riding in the open air. 如果明天不下雨，我将在户外骑自行车。 2.标志词（表示频率） ①频度副词：always、usually、often、sometimes、seldom、hardly、never ②与every有关的短语：every day/week/month/year ③与次数有段：once/twice/three times，例如once a week ④on weekends/Mondays 3.一般现在时的构成 在一般情况下用动词原形，若主语为第三人称单数，一般在动词原形后加-s或-es。 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 直接加-s read→reads love→loves 以s，o，x，ch，sh结尾 加-es pass→passes box→boxes teach→teaches wash→washes do→does go→goes 以辅音字母 + y结尾 将y变为i，再加-es carry→carries study→studies 不规则变化 have→has be→am/is/are 考点二：一般过去时(did) 1.一般过去时的用法 ①一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。 —What did you do yesterday? 昨天你做了什么？ ②表示过去一段时间经常性或习惯性发生的动作。 When I was at middle school, I often went to school by bike. 我读中学时经常骑自行车去学校。 2.标志词 ①与yesterday有关的短语：yesterday；the day before yesterday(前天)；yesterday morning/afternoon/evening ②与last有关的短语：last night/year/week/month/Sunday ③一段时间+ago：three days ago ④in+过去的年份：in 2015;in the past;in the early days ⑤其他：just now(刚刚；刚才)，the other day(前几天)，this morning【已过去的早上】，once upon a time(很久以前)，long long ago 3. 动词过去式的变化规则 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-ed wash→washed help→helped 以不发音的字母e结尾 加-d hope→hoped like→liked 以辅音字母 + y结尾 变y为i，再加-ed carry→carried study→studied 结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节 双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed stop→stopped plan→planned 不规则动词见不规则动词表 注意：是辅元辅结构但是不双写的形容词和动词： A.单词以-y/-x/-w结尾的都不双写,例play、enjoy、stay、slow、few、box、fix、mix B.重音在前：open、listen、happen、visit、develop、cover、discover、water、order、answer 初中阶段以r结尾的只有prefer-preferred需要双写 考点三：一般将来时(will do) 将来时 用法 例句 1 will/shall+动词原形 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态 My sister will be ten next year. 2 be going to+动词原形 含有“打算，计划，即将”做某事，或表示很有可能要发生某事 It’s going to clear up. We’re going to have a party tonight. 3 be + doing 进行时表示将来 go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作 He is moving to the south. Are they leaving for Europe? 4 be about to + 动词原形 表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作，后面一般不跟时间状语 I was about to leave when the bell rang. The meeting is about to close. 5 be to + 动词原形 表示按计划进行或征求对方意见 We’re to meet at the school gate at noon. 6 一般现在时表示将来 时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一般现在时表示将来 The meeting starts at five o’clock. The plane leaves at ten this evening. 考点四：现在进行时(am/is/are doing) 1. 现在进行时的定义 ①表示说话时(瞬间)正在进行的动作或状态 Look！Sam is watching TV happily on the sofa. ②表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作，但此时此刻该动作不一定进行。 I am writing a book this month. ③be always doing表示特定的情感 You are always changing your mind. I am always meeting Tom in that park. 2.标志词 ①now，nowadays，right now ②Look！Listen！ ③当前一段时间内的：at this/the moment/time，at present，this week，these days 3.进行时的变化规则： ①动词后直接+- ing（例：sleep+-ing→sleeping） ②去掉不发音的e+-ing（例：bite-e+-ing→biting） ③重读闭音节，且末尾只有1个辅音字母，双写辅音字母+-ing（例：sitting，beginning，getting，putting，running，stopping，cutting） ④特殊变化：die→dying，lie→lying，tie→tying 4.现在进行时的构成 现在进行时由＂be+现在分词（v-ing）＂构成。be应与主语的人称和数保持一致，即：I am，/he/she/it 包括单数名词和不可数名词用is，you/we/they 包括复数名词用are。 句式构成： 肯定句式：主语+be（am，is，are）+现在分词+其他。They are having an English class. 他们在上英语课。 否定句式：主语+be（am，is，are）+not +现在分词+其他。They aren’t having an English class. 他们不在上英语课。 一般疑问句：Be（am，is，are）+主语+现在分词+其他？Are they having an English class? 他们在上英语课吗? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+be（am，is，are）+主语+现在分词+其他？ What are you doing now? 你现在在做什么？ 考点五：过去进行时(was/were doing) 1.过去进行时的定义 ①表示在过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行的动作。 I was watching the football at 10:00 last night. I was staying here from March to May last year. ②表示一个动作发生时，另外一个动作正在进行，此时常与when, while引导的时间状语连用。 When Jim’s mother came in, he was doing his homework. My brother fell and hurt himself while he was riding his bicycle. 2.过去进行时的标志词 ①过去某一时刻：then(那时)，at that time，at 8 o’clock last night, at this time yesterday等 ②过去某一段时间：from nine to ten last evening，the whole morning，all day yesterday，this morning ③when 和while引导的时间状语从句： 辨析：a.when+延续性/瞬时性动词，所以既可以加一般过去时也可以加过去进行时 b.while只能+延续性动词，所以只能跟过去进行时 c.如果主从句都是过去进行时，只能用while Jim was reading, when the teacher came in. Jim was reading while Kate was watching TV. Jim came in while Kate was watching TV. 注意：主语一致时，可省略主语＋be My brother fell and hurt himself while he _________his bicycle. (ride) My brother fell and hurt himself while_____________ his bicycle.(ride) 3.过去进行时的结构 肯定句：主语+ was / were + 现在分词. I was doing my lessons then. 那时，我在做功课。 We were cleaning the house. 我们在打扫房子。 否定句：主语+was/were not + 现在分词. I wasn’t walking down the street when a UFO landed. 疑问句：Was/Were not + 主语 + 现在分词? Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were not + 主语 + 现在分词? What were you doing when a UFO landed? 考点六：现在完成时(have/has+done) 1.现在完成时的定义 ①表示过去发生或者已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 He has turned off the light. ②表示过去的某一动作或行为一直持续到现在【与for和since连用，谓语必须是延续性动词】 I have been away from my hometown for thirty years. Betty has worked hard since last term. That is why her exam results are so good.(广东中考） 注意：have/has gone to, have/has been to，have/has been in的区别 have/has gone to已经去了某地（未回） have/has been to曾经去过某地（已回） have/has been in一直在某地 2. 现在完成时的标志词 ①单词：already(肯定句，have之后)；yet(否定句、疑问句，句末)；ever(疑问句,句中)；never(表示否定，句中)；before(句末)；just(肯定句)；recently等 I have already had supper. Have you finished your homework yet? Have you ever been to a museum？He has never been to the Great Wall. She hasn’t spoken to a foreigner before. ②短语：so far；in/during the last/past +段时间(in the past few years)； ③与once，twice，three times等次数连用 I have been to Beijing twice. ④for/since(用how long 提问): for+时间段；since+时间点；since+时间段+ago；since+一般过去时的句子（例如：for two years/since 2024/since then/since two years ago/since I was ten years old） 3.现在完成时的基本结构（have/has+done规则动词的过去分词与规则动词的过去式相同） ①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语 ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词)+宾语 ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语， ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词(V-ed)+其他) 1．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）—Have you finished your project? —Not yet. I’ll finish it if I ________ ten more minutes. A．am given B．will be given C．give D．will give 2．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）—Excuse me sir, I am wondering ________. —Of course. And you can renew it then. A．if I can keep this book for a week B．if can I keep this book for a week C．if I can borrow this book for a week D．if can I borrow this book for a week 3．（2025·江苏徐州·一模）— Have you found that important paper yet? — Yes, ________ I it when I was tidying my desk. A．have found B．found C．find D．will find 4．（24-25九年级下·山东青岛·阶段练习）How long has this shop ______? A．be open B．been open C．opened D．been opened 5．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）—Ms. Cai seems familiar with Huocheng in Xinjiang. —So she does. She was a volunteer teacher there. Can you guess ________? A．how long she has been there B．how long she was there C．how long has she been there D．how long was she there 6．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）The company thought that DeepSeek ________ the way people work and live. A．has changed B．was changing C．would change D．will change 7．（2025·江苏常州·一模）—What do you think of Ne Zha 2? —It’s wonderful! I ________ the first one in 2019, but I like this one a little better. A．watch B．watched C．have watched D．was watching 8．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）Although both sides have made a lot of effort, the differences are too great and no agreement ________ so far. A．was reached B．is reached C．will be reached D．has been reached 9．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—AI is developing fast. I’m wondering ________. —I think it’ll replace many jobs. A．how will AI change our lives B．how AI changed our lives C．how did AI change our lives D．how AI will change our lives 10．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—I heard the movie Little Me starred by Yi Yangqianxi is quite good. —It’s so touching that I ________ it three times. A．saw B．will see C．have seen D．was seen 11．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）My friends said that they ________ here by 9 p.m., but they haven’t arrived yet. A．will be B．have been C．would be D．were 12．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）—I didn’t see you the whole summer holiday. —I ________ Yunnan on August 2nd. I ________ there for two weeks. A．stayed; stayed B．have gone; have stayed in C．have been; stayed D．went to; have stayed in 13．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）—________ Thomas ________ Kate for five years? —Yes, and they ________ a child two year ago. A．Has; married; had B．Has; been married to; had C．Did; marry; have had D．Did; get married to; have had 14．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）Alex promised that he ________ himself only if his parents agreed to have some time for him. A．behaves B．will behave C．behaved D．would behave 15．（2025·江苏徐州·一模）Next week, six more clubs ________ to make our school life colorful. A．set up B．are set up C．were set up D．will be set up 16．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）It is announced that Italians ________ fined for wasting water soon. A．are B．were C．will be D．would be 被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明句子中主语和谓语动词的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用被动语态。 常用被动语态 构成 常用被动语态 构成 1 一般现在时 am/is/are asked 6 过去进行时 was/were being asked 2 一般过去时 was/were asked 7 现在完成时 have/has been asked 3 一般将来时 shall/will be asked 8 过去完成时 had been asked 4 过去将来时 should/would be asked 9 将来完成时 will/would have been asked 5 现在进行时 am/is/are being asked 10 含有情态动词的 can/must/may be asked 注 意 事 项 被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。 如： Trees should not be planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates. Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如： It is believed that… It is generally considered that… It is said that… It is well known that… It must be pointed out that… It is supposed that… It is reported that… It must be admitted that… It is hoped that… 下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如： The window wants/needs/requires repairing. The book is worth reading twice. The door won’t shut. / The play won’t act. The clothes washes well. / The book sells well. The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold. 下面词或短语没有被动态： leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等 1．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）Yangzhou ________ to be a good place for sightseeing today. A．knows B．knew C．is known D．was known 2．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）It’s a long time! I can’t remember when this picture ________ in the zoo. A．takes B．took C．is taken D．was taken 3．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—Have you heard of DeepSeek, an AI-powered tool released recently? —Certainly. Nowadays, it _______ by more and more people to make our lives easier. A．uses B．is used C．used D．was used 4．（2025·江苏连云港·一模）Tom’s creative idea ________ by Mr. Wu during the Chemistry lesson yesterday afternoon. A．praised B．is praised C．was praised D．praises 5．（2025·江苏徐州·一模）People’s attention ________ by the giant panda Fubao last year. The news about her was always on hot search. A．was attracted B．has attracted C．attracts D．attracted 6．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—Do you know why zebrafish are ________ to Shenzhou-18? —They have ________ like small size and short development cycle. A．take; stages B．to take; passages C．taking; messages D．taken; advantages 7．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）I will go to the show if I ________ tomorrow. A．am invited B．will be invited C．invite D．will invite 8．（2024·江苏南京·一模）The Spring Festival ________ as a UN Floating Holiday in December, 2023. A．will list B．will be listed C．listed D．was listed 非谓语动词 非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能作谓语。 to do不定式：表示目的和将来 动词ing:表示主动和进行 过去分词done：表示被动和完成 非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成： 非谓语形式 构成 特征和作用 时态和语态 否定式 复合结构 不定式 to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been done 在非谓语前加not for sb. to do sth. 具有名词，副词和形容词的作用 在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语 分词 现在分词 doing having done being done having been done 具有副词和形容词的作用 在句中做定、表、宾补和状语 过去分词 done 动名词 doing having done being done having been done sb’s doing 具有名词的作用 在句中做主、宾、定和表语 II. 做宾语的非谓语动词比较： 情况 常用动词 只接不定式做宾语的动词 hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen 只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语 mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider can’t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to 两者都可以 意义基本相同 begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为） need, want, require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式） 意义相反 stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 意义不同 remember/forget/regret to do（指动作尚未发生） remember/forget/regret doing（指动作已经发生） go on to do（接着做另外一件事） go on doing（接着做同一件事） try to do（设法，努力去做，尽力） try doing（试试去做，看有何结果） mean to do（打算做，企图做） mean doing （意识是，意味着） can’t help to do（不能帮忙做） can’t help doing（忍不住要做） III.非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别： 常见动词 与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念 例句 不定式 ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage 主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成 I heard him call me several times. have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make 现在分词 notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel 主谓关系。强调动作正在进行，尚未完成 I found her listening to the radio. 过去分词 动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态 We found the village greatly changed. IV. 非谓语动词做定语的区别： 区别 举例 不定式 与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生 I have a lot of papers to type. I have a lot of papers to be typed. 动名词 通常指被修饰词的用途，无逻辑上的任何关系 Shall we go to the swimming pool? 现在分词 与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表示动作与谓语动作同时发生 the boiling water / the boiled water the developing country/the developed country the falling leaves / the fallen leaves 过去分词 与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现已经完成 V. 非谓语动词做主语和表语的区别： 区别 举例 不定式 多表示一个特定的具体的将来的动作，做主语时可以借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表语有时可和主语交换位置，而且意义不变，并且还能用what来提问主语或表语。 My dream is to become a teacher. To obey the law is important. (dream, business, wish, idea, plan, duty, task做主语时常用) 动名词 与不定式的功能区别不大，然而它更接近于名词，表示的动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作，有时也可以用it做形式主语，做表语时可以和主语互换位置。 It is no use saying that again and again. Teaching is my job. 分词 无名词的性质，不能做主语。但是有形容词的性质，可以做表语，多表明主语的特征性质或者状态等，可被very, quite, rather等副词修饰。 现在分词多含有“令人…”之意，说明主语的性质特征，多表示主动，主语多为物。过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态，含有“感到…”之意，主语多是人。 The situation is encouraging. The book is well written. (常见分词有astonishing, moving, tiring, disappointing, puzzling, shocking, boring, amusing及其-ed形式) 1．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）You should avoid ________ in the library. It’s impolite and also against the rules. A．eat B．eating C．ate D．to eat 2．（2025·江苏镇江·一模）With the development of new rural communities (新农村), more and more young people go back to spend time with parents ________ them feel less lonely. A．making B．to make C．made D．make 3．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）An artificial intelligence chatbot __________ by Deepseek is one of the fastest-growing consumer apps in history. A．decided B．divided C．developed D．discovered 4．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）I think the film YOLO is worth ________. I like Jia Ling’s films with ________ good stories. A．seeing; so B．being seen; such C．seeing; such D．being seeing; so 5．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）Your son just has a cold, Madam. There is nothing ________. A．worried B．to worry C．to worry about D．to be worried 6．（2025·江苏徐州·一模）With the development of technology, self-driving cars are smart enough to “know” ________ to slow down, stop or start again. A．what B．where C．when D．who 7．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）—As the High School Entrance exam is coming, students are under great stress. —We teachers should encourage them ______ nervous, and give them some advice on ______ the stress. A． not to be; reducing B．not be; to reduce C．not to be; to reduce D．not be; reducing 8．（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）As middle school students, we should do everything we can ________ the environment. A．to protect B．protecting C．protect D．protected 9．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）They contacted all the teachers they can turn to ________ their son ________ games in the dorm. A．to prevent ; playing B．to prevent ; to play C．preventing ; to play D．preventing ; playing 10．（24-25九年级下·江苏盐城·开学考试）The old man used to ________ up early in the morning, but now he is used to ________ up late. A．get; get B．getting; getting C．get; getting D．getting; get 11．（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）I saw my computer teacher ________ a broken computer in his office at 7 p.m. yesterday. A．repair B．to repair C．repairing D．to repair 综合训练 1．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）Nowadays AI tools (use) widely in in our daily life. 2．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）The new rules (pass) at the online meeting in May, and it may affect everyone a lot. 3．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）We’re going to hold a party this weekend and Liu Ling is to be the hosts.（choose） 4．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）Now more parks (design) as public places for local citizens to relax after work. 5．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）On December 4,2024, the Chinese Spring Festival (add) to the UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) list successfully. 6．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）The project the doctor put his effort into (think) highly of by the whole country when he was alive. 7．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）The book (translate) into over 30 foreign languages in the future. 8．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）As soon as the school leaders arrive, the guests (show) around the new buildings. 9．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）Children from Malan Village (encourage) by Deng Xiaolan and stepped out of their hometown. 10．（2025·江苏盐城·一模）This kind of medicine should (lay) out of children's reach. 11．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）When we failed in the exam, we (encourage) by our teacher not to lose heart. 12．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）Squirrels like saving food, but they sometimes forget where it (hide). 13．（2025·江苏盐城·一模）As soon as Tom finishes the task, he (offer) a two-week holiday. 14．（2025·江苏盐城·一模）Zhu Ting says she will return to her motherland whenever she (need). 15．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）—I’m sorry that tickets of the movie you look forward to (sell) out a while ago. —What a pity! Let’s go to the one in Livat and have a look, Lucy. 16．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）I have never the decision to be a volunteer teacher in the west of China. (regret) 17．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）The company (publish) the latest phone model next week. 18．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）Officers (attend) an important meeting when the power went out. 19．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）My little cat (steal) a piece of fish from the kitchen yesterday. 20．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）Getting enough sleep (matter) to everyone. 21．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）—I haven’t seen Tom for a long time. —Me too. He (prepare) for the exam this month. 22．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）Taylor (serve) in the navy over the past few years. 23．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）I looked at her face and just knew that she was (lie). 24．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）As soon as Mum got home yesterday, she (hang) her coat and went to the kitchen. 25．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）Did you foresee (预见) that many people (lose) all their money in the stock market? 26．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）Did you have difficulty the problem? (solve) 27．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）—Why were your parents so mad yesterday? —Jerry lied again about his grades (avoid) punishment. 28．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）The boss regretted (hire) a graduate for such an important role. 29．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）To deal with global energy problems, many countries are made (reduce) their reliance on fossil fuels. 30．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）The fantastic painting (display) in the museum is said to be painted by Van Gogh. 31．（2025·江苏无锡·一模） (not finish) the team task before the deadline is often considered a sign of inefficiency nowadays. 32．（24-25九年级下·江苏南京·阶段练习）Worrying about the future or (regret) the past too much would be bad for our mental and physical health. 33．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）What fun we have (collect) stamps! They can tell stories about different cultures. 34．（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）The teachers often encourage us (face) the challenges bravely in study. 35．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）The tradition of (practise) tai chi in space started in 2012 when the country’s Shenzhou Ⅸ crew member Liu Yang first did so. 二．语法填空 1.[2024衡阳一模]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Qi Baishi is a world-famous art master in China. He was born in 1 poor family from Xiangtan, Hunan Province. He was at school for less than a year because 2 illnesses. One day, he found a Chinese painting handbook—Jieziyuan Huapu. The book inspired his interest in painting 3 （picture）. He decided 4 （learn） by himself and later became a master of art through his hard work. In 1902, he 5 （start） to travel around China. He visited famous places, met many people and saw different kinds of art pieces. These experiences helped him become one of the 6 （good） artists of all time. 7 （he） paintings are generally about small things of the world, such as fish, shrimps（虾） and frogs. “Mouse and Cat with Lamp” is one of them. In the picture, a mouse is standing on the top of a long pole（杆子）. Under the pole is a cat. They are so lively 8 it looks like they would jump out of the paper to fight. All the works 9 （create） by Qi Baishi in a fresh way, which expressed his love for nature and life. His talents and skills amazed the whole world a lot. He is 10 （real） a master of art and the pride of Hunan. 2.[2024四川南充]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Jiang Shumei, born in 1937, spent most of her time working in a factory. In 1996, she learned her 1 （one） Chinese character（汉字）. Sixteen years later, she started to write down some of her own 2 （story）. It was not easy. Sometimes, completing a single sentence could take a day. She 3 （usual） started at 3 or 4 a.m., and revised（修改） the pieces several times until she was 4 （satisfy）. In 2013, her book, Time of Trouble, Time of Poverty, was published and proved to be 5 success. The book earned Jiang a lot of fans and sympathy（同情）. “Don’t feel sorry for me,” she says to her fans. “The hardships mentioned in the book are now in the past. 6 them, I could never have finished this book.” So far, the elderly woman 7 （publish） six books, totaling more than 600,000 characters in length. “It’s never too late. I enjoy 8 （I）when writing,” Jiang says. She lives a healthy life, exercising every day 9 eating a balanced diet. “If I could live as long as 130, would you still say that it is too late for me 10 （start） after 60?” she says jokingly. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03.动词分类、动词时态、语态、非谓语动词精讲 动词分类 一．动词分类易错点 （1）I don't have lunch at home. Neither do you. （前后主语不一样，Neither do you 主谓倒装） I have been here an hour. So have you. （前后主语不一样，Neither do you 主谓倒装） A —I bought a new book ,Tom. B —So you did.(I 和 you 指同一个人，主谓不倒装) （2） 初中重点动词短语 四个 to 后接—ing 形式的短语（to 在该短语中作介词用） prefer doing sth.to doing sth.—prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. like ... better than.----prefer to do sth. be used to doing (习惯于...） used to do （过去通常） be used to do （被用来做...） look forward to doing 盼望 make a contribution to doing 采取措施/为......做贡献 （3） 人花费 spend... (in) doing sth 。spend on sth 。pay... for... 。 物花费 It takes... to do cost cost 价值 （4） 动词+介词get over 此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。如： This is my new bike. Please look it after.(×) This is my new bike. Please look after it.(√) （5） 动词+副词 “动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类： A．动词（vt.）+副词 1．put on 穿上 2．take off 脱下 3．write down 记下 此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能 放在副词的前面。 二．动词分类常考点 考点一：系动词（系动词+形容词） 常用的系动词： 1.be（am/is/are/was/were）（变为一般疑问句需提前） 2.感官类：feel、look、sound、smell、taste 3.保持类：keep、stay、remain 4.变化类：become（身份变化）、get（+情绪）、grow（身体变化）、turn（+颜色）、go（特制食物变质或+bad等不好的词）、fall（fall asleep）、come 5.其他类：seem似乎、appear(出现) 例句：He is a good father. 他是一位好父亲。 She looks younger than before. 她看起来比以前年轻。 They look the same. 他们看起来一样。 Everyone will grow old. 每个人都会变老。 After a few years, the things got worse and worse. 几年后，情况变得越来越糟糕。 Keep quiet while you’re going around. 参观时要保持安静。 考点二：助动词 1、be动词（am，is，are） ① be动词做谓语时，要与主语在人称和数上保持一致。 用法口诀: 我用am，你用are，is 用在他、她、它，复数全用are。 如：I am a teacher. You are a student. She is a nurse. We are Chinese. ② be动词的否定形式：am not(无缩写形式)，is not＝isn’t，are not=aren’t 2、助动词(do，does，did) ① do，does用于一般现在时，does用于第三人称单数，其他人称和数用do。其过去式did用于一般过去时。他们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。助动词后动词要用原形。 如：Do you like this film? Does she like playing football? I didn’t go to school yesterday. ② 否定形式：do not = don’t，does not =doesn’t，did not=didn’t 考点三：行为动词 行为动词也叫实意动词，是具有实际意义的动词。如run（跑）, jump（跳）， listen（听）,sing（唱）,eat（吃）,think（想）等。 行为动词在句子中有人称和时态的变化。 在英语中，不同时间里发生的动作或存在的状态，需要用不同的动词形式来表现，这就叫时态。 一 般 现 在 时 <—————————————+————————————> 一般过去时 现在进行时 一般将来时 考点四：情态动词（情态动词+动词原形） 情态动词基本用法： 情态动词 用法 否定式 疑问式与简答 can 能力（体力，智力，技能） 允许或许可（口语中常用） 可能性（表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中） can not / cannot /can’t do Can…do…? Yes,…can. No,…can’t. could couldn’t do may 可以（问句中表示请求） 可能，或许（表推测） 祝愿（用于倒装句中） may not do May…do…? Yes,…may. No,…mustn’t/can’t. might might not do Might…do…? Yes,…might No,…might not. must 必须，应该（表主观要求） 肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测） must not/mustn’t do Must…do…? Yes,…must. No,…needn’t/don’t have to. have to 只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态人称变化） don’t have to do Do…have to do…? Yes,…do. No,…don’t. ought to 应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用should ought not to/oughtn’t to do Ought…to do…? Yes,…ought. No,…oughtn’t. shall 将要，会 用于一三人称征求对方意见 用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等 shall not/shan’t do Shall…do…? Yes,…shall. No,…shan’t. should 应当，应该（表义务责任） 本该（含有责备意味） should not/shouldn’t do Should…do…? will 意愿，决心 请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉 will not/won’t do Will…do…? Yes,…will. No,…won’t. would would not/wouldn’t do dare 敢（常用于否定句和疑问句中） dare not/daren’t do Dare…do…? Yes,…dare. No,…daren’t. need 需要 必须（常用于否定句和疑问句中） need not/needn’t do Need…do…? Yes,…must. No,…needn’t. used to 过去常常（现在已不再） used not/usedn’t/usen’t to do didn’t use to do Used…to do…? Yes,…used. No,…use(d)n’t. Did…use to do…? Yes,…did. No,…didn’t. 情态动词注意点： 1. can和be able to: 都可以表示能力。但be able to可以表达“某事终于成功”，而can无法表达此意。Be able to有更多的时态。另外，两者不能重叠使用。 2. used to和would: used to表示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯，而would只表示过去的习惯或喜好，不涉及现在。 3. need和dare作情态动词和实义动词的区别： 两者作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句。其形式为：needn’t/daren’t do；Need/dare…do…? 做实义动词时可用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句。其形式为：need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared) to do, don’t(doesn’t/didn’t) need/dare to do 1．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）You’d better not stay close to the people with flu. You ________ get sick. A．may B．need C．should D．must 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你最好不要和患流感的人待在一起。你可能会生病。 考查情态动词。may可能；need需要；should应该；must必须。根据“You’d better not stay close to the people with flu”可知靠近流感患者“可能”会让人生病。故选A。 2．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）—How nice that Lucy has been invited to the party too! —Well, Lucy ________ not come. She is not certain whether her mother will allow her to. A．might B．would C．could D．can 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——露西也被邀请参加聚会真是太好了！——嗯，露西可能不会来。她不确定她母亲是否会允许她这样做。 考查情态动词辨析。might可能；would将要；could能够，can的过去式；can能够。根据“She is not certain whether her mother will allow her to.”可知，此处表示不确定推测，空处要用情态动词might，表示可能性。故选A。 3．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）Ray ________ be slow, but at least he doesn’t make silly mistakes. A．must B．may C．need D．should 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Ray可能很慢，但至少他不会犯愚蠢的错误。 考查情态动词。must一定；may也许，可能；need需要；should应该。根据“but at least he doesn’t make silly mistakes”可知，转折前表示“他也许很慢”，故选B。 4．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）— Some people don’t show their talents in the very beginning. — I agree. Even Einstein ________ read until he was seven. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．couldn’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——有些人一开始并没有展现出他们的才能。——我同意。甚至爱因斯坦直到七岁才会阅读。 考查情态动词用法。can’t不能，现在时的否定；mustn’t禁止；needn’t不需要；couldn’t不能，过去时的否定。根据“Einstein...read until he was seven.”可知要表达他过去能否阅读的能力，“couldn’t”表示过去的能力，符合题意。故选D。 5．（2025·江苏淮安·一模）You ________ very professional when you do some jobs, but you must be serious when you do any job. A．needn’t to be B．needn’t be C．don’t need be D．shouldn’t be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你做某些工作不必苛求专业精通，但对待任何工作都须秉持认真态度。 考查情态动词。needn’t不必；shouldn’t不应该。need作实义动词时，其否定形式为don’t/doesn’t need，且其后应接不定式作宾语，选项A和C都不符合语法规则，应排除；根据“You...very professional when you do some jobs”可知，此处指做某些工作时不必非常专业，needn’t be符合语境。故选B。 6．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）Even my younger brother can work out this problem. It ________be very difficult. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．won’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：连我弟弟都能算出这道题，它不会非常困难。 本题考查情态动词。can’t不可能；mustn’t禁止；needn’t不需要；won’t将来不会。根据“Even my younger brother can work out this problem.”可知，他的弟弟都能解出这道题，暗示题目并不难，故选A。 7．（2024·江苏南京·三模）Once a term, there ________ a parents’ meeting and a reading day in our school. A．is B．are C．have D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们学校每学期有一次家长会和读书日。 考查主谓一致。is用于一般现在时，修饰名词单数形式；are用于一般现在时，修饰名词复数形式；have有，用于一般现在时；were用于一般过去时，修饰名词复数形式。分析题干，该句为“there be”句型，应遵循“就近原则”，即be动词的形式由离它最近的名词来确定，“a parents’ meeting一次家长会”为名词单数形式，be动词应用is。故选A。 8．（2021·湖北鄂州·中考真题）—Would you like something to drink? —No, thanks. I ________ some tea already. A．have drunk B．was drinking C．will drink D．drink 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你想喝点什么吗？——不用了，谢谢。我已经喝茶了。 考查动词时态。根据前文语境和句中“already”的提示可知，句子应用现在完成时。构成形式为：have/has done；主语“I”是第一人称单数形式，助动词应用have；drink的过去分词是drunk。故选A。 从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 choose practise seem warn be prefer can sell look clean 1．According to some research, before toothbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese people ________ their teeth with some tree branches. 2．There was a boy sitting in the corner of the room and he ________ sad. 3．He has ________ to study in a junior school near his home. 4．Mr. Li ______ his students not to play computer games too much. It's harmful to their study. 5．This book on places of interest in Henan ______ well in this bookshop. 6．Mr. Lin makes his students __________ speaking English for 20 minutes every day. 7．My aunt said she ______ play the piano when she was only six. 8．There is going to__ a football match this Sunday. 9．We must stop and ____ both ways before we cross the road. 10．Susan ________ to wear clothes which are made of cotton. She thinks they are comfortable. [答案]1．cleaned2．seemed3．chosen4．warns5．sells6．practise7．could8．be9．look10．prefers 动词时态 一．动词时态易错点 （1）动词变化三大黄金法则：主谓一致 ，就近一致， 双动词关系 主谓一致：谓语动词跟着主语发生变化 第三人称单数现象（集体名词做主语） Our class are playing football now (与人有关的动作） Our class is a small one (整体) （2） 主谓一致之就近一致（必考） There be 句型、 Either or、 Neither...nor... 、not only...but also.. Not only they but also I am wrong. （3） 态一致：从句与主句时态一致 He said he had been there for an hour. He said the sun is bigger than the moon.(自然规律自然现象用一般现在时态) He said the moon is running around the earth.(错误，应改为一般现在时态) （4） 时态一致之时态变异（必考） A——瞬间动词的-ing 形式表将来 The plane is taking off in an hour. The old man is dying.（将要死了） B——条件状语从句：一般现在时表将来 I don't know if he will come tomorrow. If he comes, I will call you. I will ring you as soon as I finish my work. I won’t go out until my homework is done. 典型考题： A—I will go swimming. B—If you go, so will I. （5）单句中，若有两个动词（be 动词，行为动词，不包括助动词） ，他们的关系有四种： and 连接连接两个动词——动作先后或并列发生，前后形式一致 有些动词如forget 、remember等词后接 to do——表示动作未做，准备做 改为 doing——动作正在做或已做 某些动词后改为-ed 形式——后一动作被动发生 （6）特例：* 使、让（make ，let， have） 主动不带 to，被动带 to make sb. do /make sb not do/be made to do let sb. do * The teacher asked the students to stop talking and to listen to her. * I have my car repaired.（我请人修理了我的车。车被人修） I have repaired my car.(我修理了我的车。现在完成时态) I have him repair my car.（我让他修我的车。Have sb. do sth） 二．动词时态常考点 动词的时态： 1. 动词的时态一共有16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下： 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般 ask / asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask 进行 am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking should/would be asking 完成 have/has asked had asked shall/will have asked should/would have asked 完成进行 have/has been asking had been asking shall/will have been asking should/would have been asking 考点一：一般现在时(do/does) 1.一般现在时的用法 ①表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与频度副词连用。 I often take a walk in the park. 我经常在公园散步。 ②表示客观事实、真理。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。 ③在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。（主将从现） If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go bike riding in the open air. 如果明天不下雨，我将在户外骑自行车。 2.标志词（表示频率） ①频度副词：always、usually、often、sometimes、seldom、hardly、never ②与every有关的短语：every day/week/month/year ③与次数有段：once/twice/three times，例如once a week ④on weekends/Mondays 3.一般现在时的构成 在一般情况下用动词原形，若主语为第三人称单数，一般在动词原形后加-s或-es。 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 直接加-s read→reads love→loves 以s，o，x，ch，sh结尾 加-es pass→passes box→boxes teach→teaches wash→washes do→does go→goes 以辅音字母 + y结尾 将y变为i，再加-es carry→carries study→studies 不规则变化 have→has be→am/is/are 考点二：一般过去时(did) 1.一般过去时的用法 ①一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。 —What did you do yesterday? 昨天你做了什么？ ②表示过去一段时间经常性或习惯性发生的动作。 When I was at middle school, I often went to school by bike. 我读中学时经常骑自行车去学校。 2.标志词 ①与yesterday有关的短语：yesterday；the day before yesterday(前天)；yesterday morning/afternoon/evening ②与last有关的短语：last night/year/week/month/Sunday ③一段时间+ago：three days ago ④in+过去的年份：in 2015;in the past;in the early days ⑤其他：just now(刚刚；刚才)，the other day(前几天)，this morning【已过去的早上】，once upon a time(很久以前)，long long ago 3. 动词过去式的变化规则 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-ed wash→washed help→helped 以不发音的字母e结尾 加-d hope→hoped like→liked 以辅音字母 + y结尾 变y为i，再加-ed carry→carried study→studied 结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节 双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed stop→stopped plan→planned 不规则动词见不规则动词表 注意：是辅元辅结构但是不双写的形容词和动词： A.单词以-y/-x/-w结尾的都不双写,例play、enjoy、stay、slow、few、box、fix、mix B.重音在前：open、listen、happen、visit、develop、cover、discover、water、order、answer 初中阶段以r结尾的只有prefer-preferred需要双写 考点三：一般将来时(will do) 将来时 用法 例句 1 will/shall+动词原形 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态 My sister will be ten next year. 2 be going to+动词原形 含有“打算，计划，即将”做某事，或表示很有可能要发生某事 It’s going to clear up. We’re going to have a party tonight. 3 be + doing 进行时表示将来 go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作 He is moving to the south. Are they leaving for Europe? 4 be about to + 动词原形 表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作，后面一般不跟时间状语 I was about to leave when the bell rang. The meeting is about to close. 5 be to + 动词原形 表示按计划进行或征求对方意见 We’re to meet at the school gate at noon. 6 一般现在时表示将来 时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一般现在时表示将来 The meeting starts at five o’clock. The plane leaves at ten this evening. 考点四：现在进行时(am/is/are doing) 1. 现在进行时的定义 ①表示说话时(瞬间)正在进行的动作或状态 Look！Sam is watching TV happily on the sofa. ②表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作，但此时此刻该动作不一定进行。 I am writing a book this month. ③be always doing表示特定的情感 You are always changing your mind. I am always meeting Tom in that park. 2.标志词 ①now，nowadays，right now ②Look！Listen！ ③当前一段时间内的：at this/the moment/time，at present，this week，these days 3.进行时的变化规则： ①动词后直接+- ing（例：sleep+-ing→sleeping） ②去掉不发音的e+-ing（例：bite-e+-ing→biting） ③重读闭音节，且末尾只有1个辅音字母，双写辅音字母+-ing（例：sitting，beginning，getting，putting，running，stopping，cutting） ④特殊变化：die→dying，lie→lying，tie→tying 4.现在进行时的构成 现在进行时由＂be+现在分词（v-ing）＂构成。be应与主语的人称和数保持一致，即：I am，/he/she/it 包括单数名词和不可数名词用is，you/we/they 包括复数名词用are。 句式构成： 肯定句式：主语+be（am，is，are）+现在分词+其他。They are having an English class. 他们在上英语课。 否定句式：主语+be（am，is，are）+not +现在分词+其他。They aren’t having an English class. 他们不在上英语课。 一般疑问句：Be（am，is，are）+主语+现在分词+其他？Are they having an English class? 他们在上英语课吗? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+be（am，is，are）+主语+现在分词+其他？ What are you doing now? 你现在在做什么？ 考点五：过去进行时(was/were doing) 1.过去进行时的定义 ①表示在过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行的动作。 I was watching the football at 10:00 last night. I was staying here from March to May last year. ②表示一个动作发生时，另外一个动作正在进行，此时常与when, while引导的时间状语连用。 When Jim’s mother came in, he was doing his homework. My brother fell and hurt himself while he was riding his bicycle. 2.过去进行时的标志词 ①过去某一时刻：then(那时)，at that time，at 8 o’clock last night, at this time yesterday等 ②过去某一段时间：from nine to ten last evening，the whole morning，all day yesterday，this morning ③when 和while引导的时间状语从句： 辨析：a.when+延续性/瞬时性动词，所以既可以加一般过去时也可以加过去进行时 b.while只能+延续性动词，所以只能跟过去进行时 c.如果主从句都是过去进行时，只能用while Jim was reading, when the teacher came in. Jim was reading while Kate was watching TV. Jim came in while Kate was watching TV. 注意：主语一致时，可省略主语＋be My brother fell and hurt himself while he _________his bicycle. (ride) My brother fell and hurt himself while_____________ his bicycle.(ride) 3.过去进行时的结构 肯定句：主语+ was / were + 现在分词. I was doing my lessons then. 那时，我在做功课。 We were cleaning the house. 我们在打扫房子。 否定句：主语+was/were not + 现在分词. I wasn’t walking down the street when a UFO landed. 疑问句：Was/Were not + 主语 + 现在分词? Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were not + 主语 + 现在分词? What were you doing when a UFO landed? 考点六：现在完成时(have/has+done) 1.现在完成时的定义 ①表示过去发生或者已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 He has turned off the light. ②表示过去的某一动作或行为一直持续到现在【与for和since连用，谓语必须是延续性动词】 I have been away from my hometown for thirty years. Betty has worked hard since last term. That is why her exam results are so good.(广东中考） 注意：have/has gone to, have/has been to，have/has been in的区别 have/has gone to已经去了某地（未回） have/has been to曾经去过某地（已回） have/has been in一直在某地 2. 现在完成时的标志词 ①单词：already(肯定句，have之后)；yet(否定句、疑问句，句末)；ever(疑问句,句中)；never(表示否定，句中)；before(句末)；just(肯定句)；recently等 I have already had supper. Have you finished your homework yet? Have you ever been to a museum？He has never been to the Great Wall. She hasn’t spoken to a foreigner before. ②短语：so far；in/during the last/past +段时间(in the past few years)； ③与once，twice，three times等次数连用 I have been to Beijing twice. ④for/since(用how long 提问): for+时间段；since+时间点；since+时间段+ago；since+一般过去时的句子（例如：for two years/since 2024/since then/since two years ago/since I was ten years old） 3.现在完成时的基本结构（have/has+done规则动词的过去分词与规则动词的过去式相同） ①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语 ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词)+宾语 ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语， ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词(V-ed)+其他) 1．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）—Have you finished your project? —Not yet. I’ll finish it if I ________ ten more minutes. A．am given B．will be given C．give D．will give 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你完成项目了吗？——还没。如果再给我十分钟，我就能完成。 考查if条件句的时态。在if引导的条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时。从句主语和动词give之间是被动关系，所以从句应用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are+动词过去分词”，主语为I，be动词用am，故选A。 2．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）—Excuse me sir, I am wondering ________. —Of course. And you can renew it then. A．if I can keep this book for a week B．if can I keep this book for a week C．if I can borrow this book for a week D．if can I borrow this book for a week 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，先生，我想知道我是否可以借这本书一周。——当然可以。而且你到时候可以续借。 考查宾语从句的语序和动词辨析。if引导的宾语从句需用陈述句语序，排除BD选项；根据“for a week”可知，是持续性动作，keep表示“保留”，符合语境。故选A。 3．（2025·江苏徐州·一模）— Have you found that important paper yet? — Yes, ________ I it when I was tidying my desk. A．have found B．found C．find D．will find 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你找到那份重要文件了吗？——是的，我在整理桌子时发现的。 考查动词时态。根据答语“when I was tidying my desk”可知，动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时。故选B。 4．（24-25九年级下·山东青岛·阶段练习）How long has this shop ______? A．be open B．been open C．opened D．been opened 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这家店开了多长时间了？ 考查动词时态。be open开着，表示状态，open是形容词；been open现在完成时；opened过去式；been opened现在完成时被动语态。根据“has”可知时态是现在完成时，且“How long”与延续性动词连用。故选B。 5．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）—Ms. Cai seems familiar with Huocheng in Xinjiang. —So she does. She was a volunteer teacher there. Can you guess ________? A．how long she has been there B．how long she was there C．how long has she been there D．how long was she there 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——蔡女士似乎对新疆的霍城很熟悉。——确实如此。她曾在那里当志愿教师。你能猜出她在那里待了多久吗？ 考查宾语从句的语序。空格处为宾语从句，需用陈述语序，选项C和D为疑问语序，所以排除。根据“She was a volunteer teacher there”，可知她过去在新疆支教，现在已离开，因此，询问她“待了多久”需用过去时(how long she was there)，故选B。 6．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）The company thought that DeepSeek ________ the way people work and live. A．has changed B．was changing C．would change D．will change 【答案】C 【详解】句意：公司认为DeepSeek将改变人们的工作和生活方式。 考查动词时态。has changed已经改变，现在完成时；was changing正在改变，过去进行时；would change将会改变，过去将来时；will change将会改变，一般将来时。根据句中的“thought”可知，从句要用过去的时态，排除A/D选项，此处指的是“DeepSeek将会改变人们的工作和生活方式”，此处应用过去将来时，故选C。 7．（2025·江苏常州·一模）—What do you think of Ne Zha 2? —It’s wonderful! I ________ the first one in 2019, but I like this one a little better. A．watch B．watched C．have watched D．was watching 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你觉得《哪吒2》怎么样？——太棒了！我在2019年看了第一部，但我更喜欢这部。 考查时态。根据“in 2019”可知，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，watch的过去式为watched。故选B。 8．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）Although both sides have made a lot of effort, the differences are too great and no agreement ________ so far. A．was reached B．is reached C．will be reached D．has been reached 【答案】D 【详解】句意：虽然双方都做了很多努力，但分歧太大，到目前为止尚未达成协议。 考查动词时态和被动语态。由下文“so far.”和句意可知，so far表示到目前为止，是现在完成时的标志，agreement是动作reach的承受者，要用现在完成时的被动语态。故选D。 9．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—AI is developing fast. I’m wondering ________. —I think it’ll replace many jobs. A．how will AI change our lives B．how AI changed our lives C．how did AI change our lives D．how AI will change our lives 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——人工智能发展迅速，我想知道人工智能将如何改变我们的生活。——我认为它会取代很多工作。 考查宾语从句的语序和时态的一致。根据“AI is developing fast. I’m wondering...”及答句“I think it’ll replace many jobs.”可知，此处是一个宾语从句，讨论的是人工智能对未来生活的影响，时态是一般将来时态。在宾语从句中，要用陈述句语序。选项D“how AI will change our lives”意为“人工智能将如何改变我们的生活”，它既是陈述句语序，又符合一般将来时的表达，与语境相符。故选D。 10．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—I heard the movie Little Me starred by Yi Yangqianxi is quite good. —It’s so touching that I ________ it three times. A．saw B．will see C．have seen D．was seen 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我听说易烊千玺主演的电影《少年的你》很不错。——它太感人了，以至于我已经看了三遍。 考查动词的时态。根据“three times”可知，这里强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，即因为电影很感人，所以我已经看了三遍，应用现在完成时“have/has+动词过去分词”，主语为I，助动词用have。故选C。 11．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）My friends said that they ________ here by 9 p.m., but they haven’t arrived yet. A．will be B．have been C．would be D．were 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我朋友说他们会在晚上9点前到这里，但到现在还没到。 考查过去将来时。根据“they… here by 9 p.m.”可知，此处是朋友过去承诺将来（晚上9点前）会到达，需用过去将来时(would do)表示从过去看将来要发生的动作。故选C。 12．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）—I didn’t see you the whole summer holiday. —I ________ Yunnan on August 2nd. I ________ there for two weeks. A．stayed; stayed B．have gone; have stayed in C．have been; stayed D．went to; have stayed in 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我整个暑假都没见到你。——8月2日我去了云南。我在那里待了两周。 考查一般过去时和现在完成时。根据时间状语“on August 2nd”以及上文可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应该用一般过去时，谓语动词用动词过去式went to；再由“for two weeks”可知，空处应该用现在完成时。故选D。 13．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）—________ Thomas ________ Kate for five years? —Yes, and they ________ a child two year ago. A．Has; married; had B．Has; been married to; had C．Did; marry; have had D．Did; get married to; have had 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——托马斯和凯特结婚已经五年了吗？——是的，而且他们两年前有了一个孩子。 考查现在完成时和一般过去时。get married to sb“和某人结婚”是一个瞬时性动词，延续性动词为be married to sb。根据“for five years”可知，时态是现在完成时，且与延续性动词连用，一般疑问句的结构是“Has/Have+主语+done”结构，主语Thomas是第三人称单数，助动词应用has；根据“two year ago”可知，答句用一般过去时，表示“有了”一个孩子，第三空应用had。故选B。 14．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）Alex promised that he ________ himself only if his parents agreed to have some time for him. A．behaves B．will behave C．behaved D．would behave 【答案】D 【详解】句意：亚历克斯承诺，只有他的父母同意花时间陪他，他才会表现好。 考查动词时态。根据主句“Alex promised”（一般过去时）和从句中的条件状语“if his parents agreed”（过去时态），此处需用过去将来时“would behave”表示从过去看将来会发生的行为。故选D。 15．（2025·江苏徐州·一模）Next week, six more clubs ________ to make our school life colorful. A．set up B．are set up C．were set up D．will be set up 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下周，我们将再成立六个俱乐部，使我们的学校生活丰富多彩。 考查被动语态。“six more clubs”和动词是动宾关系，结合“Next week”可知句子是一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。 16．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）It is announced that Italians ________ fined for wasting water soon. A．are B．were C．will be D．would be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：据宣布，意大利人会因为浪费水而被罚款。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。题干中的主句“It is announced”使用了一般现在时，表示当前宣布的消息。从句中的时间状语“soon”表明动作发生在将来，因此从句用一般将来时。根据句意可知主语“Italians”和谓语“fined”之间是被动关系。一般将来时被动语态的构成：will be+过去分词。故选C。 被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明句子中主语和谓语动词的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用被动语态。 常用被动语态 构成 常用被动语态 构成 1 一般现在时 am/is/are asked 6 过去进行时 was/were being asked 2 一般过去时 was/were asked 7 现在完成时 have/has been asked 3 一般将来时 shall/will be asked 8 过去完成时 had been asked 4 过去将来时 should/would be asked 9 将来完成时 will/would have been asked 5 现在进行时 am/is/are being asked 10 含有情态动词的 can/must/may be asked 注 意 事 项 被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。 如： Trees should not be planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates. Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如： It is believed that… It is generally considered that… It is said that… It is well known that… It must be pointed out that… It is supposed that… It is reported that… It must be admitted that… It is hoped that… 下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如： The window wants/needs/requires repairing. The book is worth reading twice. The door won’t shut. / The play won’t act. The clothes washes well. / The book sells well. The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold. 下面词或短语没有被动态： leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等 1．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）Yangzhou ________ to be a good place for sightseeing today. A．knows B．knew C．is known D．was known 【答案】C 【详解】句意：今天，扬州被认为是一个观光的好地方。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“today”可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语Yangzhou是动作know的承受者，应用一般现在时的被动语态：be done，主语是Yangzhou，be动词用is。故选C。 2．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）It’s a long time! I can’t remember when this picture ________ in the zoo. A．takes B．took C．is taken D．was taken 【答案】D 【详解】句意：时间过了很久了！我不记得这张照片是什么时候在动物园拍的。 考查时态。takes一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数时使用；took一般过去时，用于主动语态中表示过去发生的动作；is taken一般现在时的被动语态；was taken一般过去时的被动语态。根据“It’s a long time! I can’t remember when this picture…in the zoo.”可知，句子的主语是this picture，照片是被拍摄的，要用被动语态，且根据语境是过去拍摄的，所以应该用一般过去时的被动语态，结构是was/were+过去分词，主语this picture是单数，be动词用was，take的过去分词是taken，故选D。 3．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—Have you heard of DeepSeek, an AI-powered tool released recently? —Certainly. Nowadays, it _______ by more and more people to make our lives easier. A．uses B．is used C．used D．was used 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你听说过最近发布的AI工具DeepSeek吗？——当然。如今，它被越来越多的人使用，使我们的生活更便捷。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“Nowadays”可知，时态用一般现在时，排除C、D选项；主语it指代DeepSeek，与谓语use是被动关系，因此空处用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 4．（2025·江苏连云港·一模）Tom’s creative idea ________ by Mr. Wu during the Chemistry lesson yesterday afternoon. A．praised B．is praised C．was praised D．praises 【答案】C 【详解】句意：汤姆的创意在昨天下午的化学课上受到了吴老师的表扬。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。句子主语“Tom’s creative idea”与“praise”之间是被动关系，且时间状语是“yesterday afternoon”，表示过去的时间，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语是单数，be动词用was。故选C。 5．（2025·江苏徐州·一模）People’s attention ________ by the giant panda Fubao last year. The news about her was always on hot search. A．was attracted B．has attracted C．attracts D．attracted 【答案】A 【详解】句意：去年人们的注意力被大熊猫福宝吸引了。关于她的新闻总是上热搜。 考查动词时态和语态。根据题干中的时间状语“last year”和“attention…by…”可知，此处需用过去时的被动语态 (was/were + 过去分词)。主语“attention”为不可数名词，故用单数形式“was attracted”。故选A。 6．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—Do you know why zebrafish are ________ to Shenzhou-18? —They have ________ like small size and short development cycle. A．take; stages B．to take; passages C．taking; messages D．taken; advantages 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你知道为什么斑马鱼被带上神州18号吗？——他们有体积小以及发育周期短的优势。 考查动词和名词。take带走；to take动词不定式；taking动名词/现在分词；taken过去分词；stages阶段，舞台；passages文章；messages信息；advantages优势。主语zebrafish(斑马鱼)和动词“带走”是被动关系，结合空格前面的are可知，此句是被动语态，要填过去分词taken。根据空格后面的like small size and short development cycle(比如体积小和发育周期短)可知，前面句意为“它们有优势”，要填“优势”advantages。故选D。 7．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）I will go to the show if I ________ tomorrow. A．am invited B．will be invited C．invite D．will invite 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果明天我被邀请，我会去看演出。 考查被动语态。根据“I will go to the show if I... tomorrow.”可知，本句为If引导的条件状语从句，主句为一般将来时，从句通常使用一般现在时来表示将来。从句主语I与谓语动词invite之间是被动关系，需用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“be+done”，从句主语为I，be动词用am，故选A。 8．（2024·江苏南京·一模）The Spring Festival ________ as a UN Floating Holiday in December, 2023. A．will list B．will be listed C．listed D．was listed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在2023年12月春节被列为联合国浮动假日。 考查时态和语态。根据“in December, 2023”可知，时态为一般过去时，故排除A和B；根据“The Spring Festival...as a UN Floating Holiday”可知，语态应为被动语态，故此处为一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为主语+was/were+done。故选D。 非谓语动词 非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能作谓语。 to do不定式：表示目的和将来 动词ing:表示主动和进行 过去分词done：表示被动和完成 非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成： 非谓语形式 构成 特征和作用 时态和语态 否定式 复合结构 不定式 to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been done 在非谓语前加not for sb. to do sth. 具有名词，副词和形容词的作用 在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语 分词 现在分词 doing having done being done having been done 具有副词和形容词的作用 在句中做定、表、宾补和状语 过去分词 done 动名词 doing having done being done having been done sb’s doing 具有名词的作用 在句中做主、宾、定和表语 II. 做宾语的非谓语动词比较： 情况 常用动词 只接不定式做宾语的动词 hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen 只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语 mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider can’t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to 两者都可以 意义基本相同 begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为） need, want, require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式） 意义相反 stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 意义不同 remember/forget/regret to do（指动作尚未发生） remember/forget/regret doing（指动作已经发生） go on to do（接着做另外一件事） go on doing（接着做同一件事） try to do（设法，努力去做，尽力） try doing（试试去做，看有何结果） mean to do（打算做，企图做） mean doing （意识是，意味着） can’t help to do（不能帮忙做） can’t help doing（忍不住要做） III.非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别： 常见动词 与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念 例句 不定式 ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage 主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成 I heard him call me several times. have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make 现在分词 notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel 主谓关系。强调动作正在进行，尚未完成 I found her listening to the radio. 过去分词 动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态 We found the village greatly changed. IV. 非谓语动词做定语的区别： 区别 举例 不定式 与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生 I have a lot of papers to type. I have a lot of papers to be typed. 动名词 通常指被修饰词的用途，无逻辑上的任何关系 Shall we go to the swimming pool? 现在分词 与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表示动作与谓语动作同时发生 the boiling water / the boiled water the developing country/the developed country the falling leaves / the fallen leaves 过去分词 与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现已经完成 V. 非谓语动词做主语和表语的区别： 区别 举例 不定式 多表示一个特定的具体的将来的动作，做主语时可以借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表语有时可和主语交换位置，而且意义不变，并且还能用what来提问主语或表语。 My dream is to become a teacher. To obey the law is important. (dream, business, wish, idea, plan, duty, task做主语时常用) 动名词 与不定式的功能区别不大，然而它更接近于名词，表示的动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作，有时也可以用it做形式主语，做表语时可以和主语互换位置。 It is no use saying that again and again. Teaching is my job. 分词 无名词的性质，不能做主语。但是有形容词的性质，可以做表语，多表明主语的特征性质或者状态等，可被very, quite, rather等副词修饰。 现在分词多含有“令人…”之意，说明主语的性质特征，多表示主动，主语多为物。过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态，含有“感到…”之意，主语多是人。 The situation is encouraging. The book is well written. (常见分词有astonishing, moving, tiring, disappointing, puzzling, shocking, boring, amusing及其-ed形式) 1．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）You should avoid ________ in the library. It’s impolite and also against the rules. A．eat B．eating C．ate D．to eat 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你应该避免在图书馆里吃东西。这是不礼貌的，而且也违反规定。 考查动名词用法。avoid doing sth.表示“避免做某事”，固定结构。故选B。 2．（2025·江苏镇江·一模）With the development of new rural communities (新农村), more and more young people go back to spend time with parents ________ them feel less lonely. A．making B．to make C．made D．make 【答案】B 【详解】句意：随着新农村社区的发展，越来越多的年轻人回去与父母共度时光，使他们感到不那么孤独。 考查非谓语动词。根据“more and more young people go back to spend time with parents …them feel less lonely.”可知，此处表示年轻人回村与父母共度时光是为了让他们不那么孤独，应用动词不定式表目的。故选B。 3．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）An artificial intelligence chatbot __________ by Deepseek is one of the fastest-growing consumer apps in history. A．decided B．divided C．developed D．discovered 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Deepseek研发的人工智能聊天机器人是历史上增长最快的消费者应用程序之一。 考查词汇辨析。decided被决定；divided被分成；developed被研发；discovered被发现。根据“An artificial intelligence chatbot...by Deepseek is... ”可知，空处缺定语，再根据“one of the fastest-growing consumer apps”可知，空处指 “研发”的应用程序，需用developed作后置定语，修饰主语An artificial intelligence chatbot。故选C。 4．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）I think the film YOLO is worth ________. I like Jia Ling’s films with ________ good stories. A．seeing; so B．being seen; such C．seeing; such D．being seeing; so 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我认为电影《热辣滚烫》值得一看。我喜欢贾玲的电影中有如此好的故事。 考查非谓语动词和不定代词的辨析。根据“be worth doing”且此短语不用被动语态可知，空一填seeing；根据“such+adj.+名词复数或不可数名词”可知，空二应用such。故选C。 5．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）Your son just has a cold, Madam. There is nothing ________. A．worried B．to worry C．to worry about D．to be worried 【答案】C 【详解】句意：夫人，您儿子只是感冒了。没什么可担心的。 考查不定式用法。根据“nothing”可知，此处表示“没什么可担心的”，需要用动词不定式作后置定语修饰nothing，worry是不及物动词；worry about表示“担忧，担心”，固定搭配。故选C。 6．（2025·江苏徐州·一模）With the development of technology, self-driving cars are smart enough to “know” ________ to slow down, stop or start again. A．what B．where C．when D．who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：随着科技的发展，自动驾驶汽车已经足够智能，能够“知道”何时减速、停车或重新启动。 考查疑问词。what什么；where哪里；when何时；who谁。根据“slow down, stop or start again”可知是指知道何时进行这些操作。故选C。 7．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）—As the High School Entrance exam is coming, students are under great stress. —We teachers should encourage them ______ nervous, and give them some advice on ______ the stress. A． not to be; reducing B．not be; to reduce C．not to be; to reduce D．not be; reducing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——随着中考的到来，学生们承受着巨大的压力。 ——老师应该鼓励他们不要紧张，并给他们一些减轻压力的建议。 考查动词短语。结合“…students are under great stress”及“encourage them…nervous”可知，学生们在考前压力很大，此处应指老师们“鼓励学生们不要紧张”，第一空后nervous“紧张的”为形容词，则“鼓励某人不要……”的英文表达为“encourage sb. not to be+adj.”，则第一空处应用动词不定式的否定形式“not to be”作宾语补足语；第二空前的介词on后应动词reduce“减少”的动名词形式，“give sb. advice on doing sth.”表示“给某人关于……的建议”。故选A。 8．（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）As middle school students, we should do everything we can ________ the environment. A．to protect B．protecting C．protect D．protected 【答案】A 【详解】句意：作为中学生，我们应该尽一切努力保护环境。 考查非谓语动词。根据“we should do everything we can...”可知，尽一切努力是为了保护环境，用不定式表目的。故选A。 9．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）They contacted all the teachers they can turn to ________ their son ________ games in the dorm. A．to prevent ; playing B．to prevent ; to play C．preventing ; to play D．preventing ; playing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他们联系了所有他们能求助的老师，以防止他们的儿子在宿舍里玩游戏。 考查非谓语动词。由“They contacted all the teachers they can turn to...their son...games”可知，此句指联系老师的目的是为了阻止儿子玩游戏，第一空需用不定式表目的；由“prevent”可知，prevent sb. doing“阻止某人做某事”，第二空用动名词。故选A。 10．（24-25九年级下·江苏盐城·开学考试）The old man used to ________ up early in the morning, but now he is used to ________ up late. A．get; get B．getting; getting C．get; getting D．getting; get 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位老人过去常常早起，但现在他习惯了晚起。 考查动词短语。used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”；be used to doing sth.“习惯做某事”；be used to do sth.“被用来做某事”。根据“used to … up early in the morning”可知，此处表示过去常常做某事，使用used to do sth.；根据“but now he is used to up late”可知，此处表示习惯做某事，使用be used to doing sth。故选C。 11．（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）I saw my computer teacher ________ a broken computer in his office at 7 p.m. yesterday. A．repair B．to repair C．repairing D．to repair 【答案】C 【详解】句意：昨天晚上7点，我看到我的计算机老师在他的办公室里修理一台坏电脑。 考查非谓语动词。see sb. do sth. 表示“看见某人做了某事”，强调看见事情发生的全过程；see sb. doing sth. 表示 “看见某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行。句中时间点“at 7 p.m. yesterday”表明在这个特定时间点，老师 “修理电脑” 的动作正在进行，所以用see sb. doing sth. 的结构，故选C。 综合训练 1．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）Nowadays AI tools (use) widely in in our daily life. 【答案】are used 【详解】句意：如今，人工智能工具被广泛应用于我们的日常生活中。use使用，动词；根据“AI tools...widely”可知，主语AI tools和动词use之间是被动关系，用be done结构；且这句话描述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，be 动词用are。故填are used。 2．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）The new rules (pass) at the online meeting in May, and it may affect everyone a lot. 【答案】were passed 【详解】句意：新规定是在5月份的在线会议上通过的，它可能会对每个人产生很大影响。句子主语是“The new rules”，与动词之间是被动关系，此处应用被动语态，结合语境可知，此处指的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动，主语是复数名词，be动词用were，故填were passed。 3．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）We’re going to hold a party this weekend and Liu Ling is to be the hosts.（choose） 【答案】chosen 【详解】句意：我们这个周末打算举办一场派对，刘玲被选为主持人之一。根据句子结构可知，Liu Ling与choose之间形成被动关系，被动语态的结构是“be + done”,choose的过去分词是chosen。故填chosen。 4．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）Now more parks (design) as public places for local citizens to relax after work. 【答案】are designed 【详解】句意：如今越来越多的公园被设计为当地市民下班后放松的公共场所。句子主语是“more parks”，与“design”是动宾关系，需要用被动语态（be + 过去分词）。句子讲的是现在的情况，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用are，故填are designed。 5．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）On December 4,2024, the Chinese Spring Festival (add) to the UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) list successfully. 【答案】was added 【详解】句意：2024年12月4日，中国春节被成功列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录。“the Chinese Spring Festival”是动作“add”的承受者，要用被动语态，结构为“be+过去分词”，且时间是2024年12月4日，为过去时间，主语“the Chinese Spring Festival”是单数，be动词用was，add的过去分词是added 。“was added”在句中作谓语。故填was added。 6．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）The project the doctor put his effort into (think) highly of by the whole country when he was alive. 【答案】was thought 【详解】句意：这位医生倾注心血的项目在他生前受到了全国的高度评价。根据“The project the doctor put his effort into...highly of by the whole country when he was alive.”可知，在句中“The project the doctor put his effort into”是句子的主语，其中“the doctor put his effort into”是定语从句，修饰“the project”。句子的谓语是“think highly of”，与主语“the project”之间是被动关系，即“项目被高度评价”。根据“when he was alive”可知，事情发生在过去，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+过去分词”。主语“the project”是单数，所以用“was”，“think”的过去分词是“thought”。故填was thought。 7．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）The book (translate) into over 30 foreign languages in the future. 【答案】will be translated 【详解】句意：这本书在未来将被翻译成超过30种外语。根据“in the future”可知，在未来，是将来时，主语“the book”与谓语“translate”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以用一般将来时的被动语态形式“will be done”，故填will be translated。 8．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）As soon as the school leaders arrive, the guests (show) around the new buildings. 【答案】will be shown 【详解】句意：学校领导一到，客人们就会被领着参观新大楼。时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则；show sb. around“带某人四处看看”，是固定搭配，此处应用一般将来时的被动语态，应填will be shown。故填will be shown。 9．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）Children from Malan Village (encourage) by Deng Xiaolan and stepped out of their hometown. 【答案】were encouraged 【详解】句意：马兰村的孩子们受到邓小岚的鼓励，走出了家乡。Children from Malan Village和Deng Xiaolan是被动关系，即孩子受到邓小岚的鼓舞，空格处需用被动语态；由句中并列的谓语动词stepped可知，句子时态是一般过去时。一般过去时的被动语态结构为“was/were+过去分词”，Children是复数，be动词用were，encourage的过去分词是encouraged。故填were encouraged。 10．（2025·江苏盐城·一模）This kind of medicine should (lay) out of children's reach. 【答案】be laid 【详解】句意：这种药应该放在孩子够不着的地方。根据句意和句子结构可知，主语“This kind of medicine”与动词“lay”之间为被动关系，且情态动词should后接动词原形，故横线处需填be laid。故填be laid。 11．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）When we failed in the exam, we (encourage) by our teacher not to lose heart. 【答案】were encouraged 【详解】句意：当我们考试失败时，我们的老师经常鼓励我们不要灰心。根据“failed”可知，时态是一般过去时，主语we与动词encourage之间是被动关系，需一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done，主语为we，助动词用were，动词encourage的过去分词为encouraged。故填were encouraged。 12．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）Squirrels like saving food, but they sometimes forget where it (hide). 【答案】is hidden 【详解】句意：松鼠喜欢储存食物，但它们有时会忘记食物被藏在哪里。本题为where引导的宾语从句，在宾语从句中，主语是it，指代前文提到的food，食物是被隐藏的，空格处需用被动语态表示。故填is hidden。 13．（2025·江苏盐城·一模）As soon as Tom finishes the task, he (offer) a two-week holiday. 【答案】will be offered 【详解】句意：汤姆一完成任务，就会有两周的假期。offer“提供，给予”，动词，状语从句“as soon as…”用于描述某个事件或动作在满足特定条件后立即发生，此处应指汤姆一完成任务就会“被给予”两周的假期，主语Tom与offer之间为被动关系，且表示将来发生的事情，应用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为“will be done”。故填will be offered。 14．（2025·江苏盐城·一模）Zhu Ting says she will return to her motherland whenever she (need). 【答案】is needed 【详解】句意：朱婷说，无论何时祖国需要她，她都会回到祖国。根据“Zhu Ting says...(need).”和提示词可知，句中主语she和need之间构成被动关系，时态是一般现在时，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is needed。 15．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）—I’m sorry that tickets of the movie you look forward to (sell) out a while ago. —What a pity! Let’s go to the one in Livat and have a look, Lucy. 【答案】were sold 【详解】句意：——很抱歉，你期待的那部电影的票已经售罄了。——真遗憾！露西，我们去Livat的那家看看吧。根据“a while ago”可知，此处指的是过去发生的事情，因此需要使用过去时态；票是被卖完，所以用被动语态，the tickets是复数，用were sold。故填were sold。 16．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）I have never the decision to be a volunteer teacher in the west of China. (regret) 【答案】regretted 【详解】句意：我从来没有后悔过在中国西部做一名志愿者教师的决定。分析句子结构可知，此处用过去分词形式，构成现在完成时，应填regretted。故填regretted。 17．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）The company (publish) the latest phone model next week. 【答案】will publish 【详解】句意：这家公司将于下周发布一个最新的手机型号。根据“next week”可知，句子用一般将来时“will do”。故填will publish。 18．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）Officers (attend) an important meeting when the power went out. 【答案】were attending 【详解】句意：停电时，官员们正在参加一个重要会议。attend参加，动词。根据时间状语“when the power went out”可知，此处表示过去某个时间正在发生的事，应用过去进行时was/were+现在分词；主语Officers是复数概念，故填were attending。 19．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）My little cat (steal) a piece of fish from the kitchen yesterday. 【答案】stole 【详解】句意：我的小猫昨天从厨房偷了一条鱼。steal偷，动词；根据“yesterday”可知，这句话是一般过去时，此处用动词的过去式，故填stole。 20．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）Getting enough sleep (matter) to everyone. 【答案】matters 【详解】句意：充足的睡眠对每个人都很重要。matter要紧，动词；根据句意可知，这句话描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；根据主语“Getting enough sleep”可知，此处用动词三单形式matters。故填matters。 21．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）—I haven’t seen Tom for a long time. —Me too. He (prepare) for the exam this month. 【答案】has been preparing 【详解】句意：——我很久没见到汤姆了。——我也是。他这个月一直在准备考试。根据语境可知，此处描述的是从过去持续到现在并可能继续的动作，需用现在完成进行时has been preparing，强调备考的持续性。故填has been preparing。 22．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）Taylor (serve) in the navy over the past few years. 【答案】has served 【详解】句意：泰勒在过去的几年里在海军服役。根据“over the past few years”可知，此句话应用现在完成时，又主语为单数第三人称，所以选用“has done”结构。故填has served。 23．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）I looked at her face and just knew that she was (lie). 【答案】lying 【详解】句意：我看着她的脸，就知道她在撒谎。根据“I looked at her face and just knew that she was”可知，这里需要表示“她正在撒谎”，因此使用现在分词形式lying，与be动词“was”构成过去进行时。故填lying。 24．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）As soon as Mum got home yesterday, she (hang) her coat and went to the kitchen. 【答案】hung 【详解】句意：妈妈昨天一回到家，就挂好外套，然后去了厨房。根据“As soon as Mum got home yesterday”可知，该句是时间状语从句，主句中有两个并列的动作“…her coat”和“went to the kitchen”。由时间状语“yesterday”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词要用过去式。“hang”作“悬挂”讲时，其过去式是“hung”。故填hung。 25．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）Did you foresee (预见) that many people (lose) all their money in the stock market? 【答案】would lose 【详解】句意：你当时预见到很多人会在股票市场上赔光所有的钱吗？在“Did you foresee that many people... all their money in the stock market?”这个句子中，“Did you foresee”表明 “预见”这个动作发生在过去；而“many people... all their money in the stock market”描述的是在“预见”这个动作之后可能发生的事情，即过去将来会发生的事；所以，从句时态要用过去将来时，其结构是would do。故填would lose。 26．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）Did you have difficulty the problem? (solve) 【答案】solving 【详解】句意：你解决这个问题有困难吗？have difficulty doing sth“做某事有困难”，此处用动词solve“解决”的-ing形式。故填solving。 27．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）—Why were your parents so mad yesterday? —Jerry lied again about his grades (avoid) punishment. 【答案】to avoid 【详解】句意：——为什么你的父母昨天那么生气。——杰瑞为了避免惩罚又说谎了。根据“Jerry lied again about his grades ... punishment.”可知，应该是“为了避免”惩罚又说谎了，此处需要加动词不定式表目的。故填to avoid。 28．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）The boss regretted (hire) a graduate for such an important role. 【答案】hiring 【详解】句意：老板后悔雇了一个毕业生来担任如此重要的职务。regret doing sth.“后悔做某事”，固定用法。故填hiring。 29．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）To deal with global energy problems, many countries are made (reduce) their reliance on fossil fuels. 【答案】to reduce 【详解】句意：为了应对全球能源问题，许多国家被迫减少对化石燃料的依赖。根据“To deal with global energy problems, many countries are made...their reliance on fossil fuels.可知，此处指的是 “减少对化石燃料的依赖”，此处是be made to do的结构，空处用不定式形式，故填to reduce。 30．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）The fantastic painting (display) in the museum is said to be painted by Van Gogh. 【答案】displayed 【详解】句意：这幅在博物馆展出的精彩画作据说是梵高所画。根据“The fantastic painting…in the museum”可知，是这幅在博物馆展出的精彩画作。在句子中，“displayed”作定语，修饰“painting”，表示画作是被展出的状态。由于画作是被展出的，因此需要使用过去分词形式来表示被动。故填displayed。 31．（2025·江苏无锡·一模） (not finish) the team task before the deadline is often considered a sign of inefficiency nowadays. 【答案】Not finishing 【详解】句意：在截止日期前未完成团队任务通常被认为是效率低下的表现。分析句子可知，句子缺少主语，所以用动名词形式，结合所给词，应用其否定形式“not+doing”。句首单词首字母大写。故填Not finishing。 32．（24-25九年级下·江苏南京·阶段练习）Worrying about the future or (regret) the past too much would be bad for our mental and physical health. 【答案】regretting 【详解】句意：过分担心未来或沉溺于过去对我们的身心健康有害。“Worrying about the future or...”这里or连接两个并列的成分，worrying是动名词形式，所以regret也应用动名词形式regretting，这样才能保持结构一致。故填regretting。 33．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）What fun we have (collect) stamps! They can tell stories about different cultures. 【答案】collecting 【详解】句意：我们集邮多有趣啊！他们可以讲述不同文化的故事。have fun doing sth.“玩得开心”，动词短语，此处应用collecting。故填collecting。 34．（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）The teachers often encourage us (face) the challenges bravely in study. 【答案】to face 【详解】句意：老师经常鼓励我们勇敢面对学习中的挑战。根据“encourage us”可知，encourage sb to do sth意为“鼓励某人做某事”，固定搭配，此处应用动词不定式。故填to face。 35．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）The tradition of (practise) tai chi in space started in 2012 when the country’s Shenzhou Ⅸ crew member Liu Yang first did so. 【答案】practising 【详解】句意：在太空练习太极拳的传统始于2012年，当时中国神舟九号的宇航员刘洋首次在太空这样做。根据“The tradition of...tai chi in space started in 2012 when the country’s Shenzhou Ⅸ crew member Liu Yang first did so.”可知，句中“of”是介词，后面接动词时要用动名词形式，“practise”的动名词是“practising”。故填practising。 二．语法填空 1.[2024衡阳一模]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Qi Baishi is a world-famous art master in China. He was born in 1 poor family from Xiangtan, Hunan Province. He was at school for less than a year because 2 illnesses. One day, he found a Chinese painting handbook—Jieziyuan Huapu. The book inspired his interest in painting 3 （picture）. He decided 4 （learn） by himself and later became a master of art through his hard work. In 1902, he 5 （start） to travel around China. He visited famous places, met many people and saw different kinds of art pieces. These experiences helped him become one of the 6 （good） artists of all time. 7 （he） paintings are generally about small things of the world, such as fish, shrimps（虾） and frogs. “Mouse and Cat with Lamp” is one of them. In the picture, a mouse is standing on the top of a long pole（杆子）. Under the pole is a cat. They are so lively 8 it looks like they would jump out of the paper to fight. All the works 9 （create） by Qi Baishi in a fresh way, which expressed his love for nature and life. His talents and skills amazed the whole world a lot. He is 10 （real） a master of art and the pride of Hunan. 本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了著名画家齐白石。 [答案]1．a2．of3．pictures4．to learn5．started6．best7．His8．that9．were created10．really [解析] 1．考查冠词。此处指“一个贫穷的家庭”，是第一次提到，且poor以辅音音素开头，故填a。 2．考查固定搭配。because of “因为”。故填of。 3．考查名词复数。此处表示泛指，空前无冠词或物主代词，用名词复数。故填pictures。 4．考查动词不定式。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”。故填to learn。 5．考查时态。根据In 1902可知，句子用一般过去时。故填started。 6．考查形容词最高级。“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”。故填best。 7．考查代词。用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，空处位于句首，首字母大写，故填His。 8．考查状语从句的引导词。根据“so lively...it looks like...”可知，此处为“so...that”表示“如此……以至于”。故填that。 9．考查被动语态。主语All the works和谓语动词create之间是被动关系，结合语境和后面定语从句中的expressed可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用were。故填were created。 10．空处作状语，表示“真正地”，用副词really。故填really。 2.[2024四川南充]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Jiang Shumei, born in 1937, spent most of her time working in a factory. In 1996, she learned her 1 （one） Chinese character（汉字）. Sixteen years later, she started to write down some of her own 2 （story）. It was not easy. Sometimes, completing a single sentence could take a day. She 3 （usual） started at 3 or 4 a.m., and revised（修改） the pieces several times until she was 4 （satisfy）. In 2013, her book, Time of Trouble, Time of Poverty, was published and proved to be 5 success. The book earned Jiang a lot of fans and sympathy（同情）. “Don’t feel sorry for me,” she says to her fans. “The hardships mentioned in the book are now in the past. 6 them, I could never have finished this book.” So far, the elderly woman 7 （publish） six books, totaling more than 600,000 characters in length. “It’s never too late. I enjoy 8 （I）when writing,” Jiang says. She lives a healthy life, exercising every day 9 eating a balanced diet. “If I could live as long as 130, would you still say that it is too late for me 10 （start） after 60?” she says jokingly. 这是一篇记叙文，讲述了中国作家姜淑梅的写作历程、成就及感悟。 [答案]1．first2．stories3．usually4．satisfied5．a6．Without7．has published8．myself9．and10．to start [解析] 1．考查数词。根据语境可知此处表示“第一个”。故填first。 2．考查名词的数。story是可数名词，由空前的some of her own可知，此处应用复数形式。故填stories。 3．考查副词。设空处修饰started，应用副词。故填usually。 4．考查形容词。设空处作表语，应用提示词的形容词形式。此处表示她对所修改的内容感到满意，故填satisfied。 5．考查冠词。根据句意和空后的success可知，此处需要用不定冠词泛指“一个成功的事物”。success的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 6．考查介词。根据语境推断句意为“没有它们（苦难），我就不能完成这本书。”此处需要用介词without表示“没有”。句首单词首字母大写，故填Without。 7．考查动词的时态。由时间状语So far可知，句子应用现在完成时；主语the elderly woman为第三人称单数，故填has published。 8．考查反身代词。该空是enjoy的宾语，其主语和提示词都是I，因此这里应表示“我自己”。enjoy oneself也是固定搭配，意为“过得愉快”。故填myself。 9．考查连词。设空处前后的exercising every day和eating a balanced diet为并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。 10．考查动词的非谓语形式。设空处所在的从句应用了结构“it is+ adj. +for sb. +to do sth.”，空处应用动词不定式。故填to start。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$