Unit 4 Section Ⅰ Vocabulary-（课件PPT+Word教案）【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第三册教师用书（人教版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Vocabulary Ⅰ.写重点词汇 1．wage n．工资 2．cupboard n．橱柜；壁橱；衣柜 3．sink vi.沉没；下沉；下降 vt.使下沉；使沉没 4．abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 5．blanket n．毯子 6．voyage n．& vi.航海；航行 7．navy n．海军；海军部队 8．decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的 9．cosy adj.温馨的；舒适的 10．genuine adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的 11．crew n．(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人 12．furniture n．家具 13．bark vi.& n．(狗)吠叫；吠叫声 14．rugby n．橄榄球运动 15．bat n．球拍；蝙蝠 vi.& vt.用球板击球；挥打；拍打 16．recreation n．娱乐；消遣；游戏 17．nephew n．侄子；外甥 18．motor n．发动机；马达 adj.有引擎的；机动车的 19．candidate n．候选人；应试者 20．episode n．(人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲 21．motive n．动机；原因；目的 22．turn sb down 拒绝(某人) 23．make fire 生火 24．give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体) Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇 1．bitter adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的→bitterly adv.伤心地；愤怒地；极其 2．endurance n．忍耐力；耐久力→endure vt.忍耐；忍受 3．vigour n．精力；力量；活力→vigorous adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的 4．qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualify vt.取得资格；使合格→qualification n．资格 5．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地→enthusiast n．热心者，爱好者→enthusiasm n．热情；热忱 6．aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)→board n．木板 vt.上船(车、飞机等) 7．assign vt.分派；布置；分配→assignment n．分配；分配的任务 8．envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌→envious adj.妒忌的 9．belongings n．[pl.]财物；动产→belong vi.属于；应在(某处) 10．miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的→misery n．痛苦；苦难 11．selfish adj.自私的→selfishness n．自私→selfless adj.无私的→selflessness n．无私 12．good/bad-tempered adj.脾气好的/坏的→temper n．脾气；心情 13．perseverance n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求 14．resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念→resolution n．决议；解决；坚定 15．cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruelly adv.残酷地→cruelty n．残忍；残酷 16．thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的→thoroughly adv.彻底地 17．unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunate adj.不幸的→fortune n．幸运；财富→fortunate adj.幸运的 18．damp adj.潮湿的；湿气重的→dampen vt.弄湿；使潮湿；抑制 19．guidance n．指导；引导；导航→guide v．指导；指引 n．向导；导游；指南 20．advertising n．广告活动；广告业→advertise vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告→advertisement n．广告；广告宣传→advertiser n．广告商 21．corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的→corporation n．(大)公司；法人 22．rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的→roughly adv.粗略地 23．loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的→loyalty n．忠诚 24．commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献→commit vt.犯(错误、罪行等)；(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证；投入→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的 25．Confucianism n．孔子学说；儒家(学说)→Confucian adj.儒家的；儒学的 Ⅲ.认阅读词汇 1．The reason why I admired him was that he showed courage in adversity.n.困境；逆境 2．The best part of his expedition had been the rediscovery of his natural passion for making things.n.探险；远征 3．The steward woke her at six the next morning with a cup of tea and a plate of plain sweet biscuits.n.(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员 4．They crush the olives with a heavy wooden press.v.压碎 5．She looked through the door of the kitchen，seeing that her daughter was at the stove.n.炉具；厨房灶具 6．The story starts with a blog post about Banjo five years ago.n.班卓琴(乐器) 7．Despite some unexpected matters，Han and his navigator remained unhurt.n.领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者 turn sb down 拒绝(某人) turn sth down把……调低 turn one’s back on sb/sth对某人/某事置之不理；背弃某人/某事 turn to求助于；转向；翻至(某一页) turn up出现；把……调高 turn over翻过来；移交 turn out结果是……；生产，制造 (1)不幸的是，我侄子向老板提出一个新想法时被拒绝了。 Unfortunately，my nephew was/got turned down when he put forward a new idea to his boss. (2)(应用文写作之求助信)下星期天我要递交我的简历，所以我向我以前的校长寻求一些建议。 Next Sunday I will submit my résumé，so I turn to my former head teacher for some advice. (3)(2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)这对双胞胎在厨房里焦急地走来走去，这时爸爸出现了。他们马上把做饭的任务交给了爸爸，结果做饭比他们想象得要困难得多。爸爸没有对他们的要求置之不理，他们的嘴角带着微笑，三个人共同做了母亲节早餐。 The twins were pacing up and down in the kitchen anxiously when Dad turned up and they straight away turned over the cooking task to him，which turned out to be much more difficult than they had expected.Dad wouldn’t turn his back on their request and the three cooked the Mother’s Day breakfast，with their lips breaking into a smile. enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的 (enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地 enthusiast n．热心者，爱好者 enthusiasm n．热情；热忱) ·be enthusiastic about对……充满热情 ·with enthusiasm＝enthusiastically adv.热情地 (1)Without my teacher’s guidance，I wouldn’t have been enthusiastic about English and absorbed in learning English. (2)The boy lifted his head with watery eyes，regretting，“I promise to treat others enthusiastically(enthusiastic) from now on.” ＝The boy lifted his head with watery eyes，regretting，“I promise to treat others with enthusiasm(enthusiastic) from now on.” [写作佳句] (3)(应用文写作之申请信)我不仅热情而且容易相处，这使我能够胜任即将到来的省运会的志愿者工作。 I am not only enthusiastic but also easy to get along with/Not only am I enthusiastic but I am also easy to get along with，which makes me qualified for the voluntary work in the approaching Provincial Sports Games. assign vt.分派；布置；分配 (assignment n．分配的工作，任务) assign sb sth＝assign sth to sb给某人分配某物 assign sb to do sth派某人做某事 (1)During the Tree Planting Day，our monitor assigned a specific task to each student. (2)To complete my first assignment(assign)，I underwent dozens of hardships. [写作佳句] (3)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)我的老师分派我参加写作比赛，我专注于反复润色我的文章，直到它变得完美。 My teacher assigned me to take part in the writing competition and I focused on polishing my article repeatedly until it became perfect. envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌(envious adj.羡慕的；妒忌的) ·green with envy 非常羡慕；非常嫉妒 be the envy of...成为……羡慕(或嫉妒)的对象 ·envy sb (doing) sth 羡慕/嫉妒某人(做)某事 ·be envious of 羡慕；嫉妒 (1)My friends were green with envy when I gave a talent show at our school’s cultural art festival. (2)Learning that I can deliver a speech on behalf of my school，all my classmates are envious(envy) of me. [写作佳句] (3)她不仅英语说得流利而且非常有毅力，她所有的朋友都羡慕她。(介绍个人优势) Not only is she fluent in English but she also has much perseverance，so she is the envy of all her friends/all her friends are envious of her. abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 n．放任；放纵 (abandoned adj.被抛弃的；废弃的，被丢弃的；放纵的) ·abandon oneself to (doing)．..沉湎于……；纵情于…… abandon doing sth放弃做某事 ·with abandon放纵地；放任地 ·be abandoned to (doing)沉湎于…… (1)My deskmate abandoned himself to playing(play) computer games and I resolved to help him. (2)Although he was the last one to reach the finish line，the other children cheered with abandon，not for the result but for his strong perseverance. [写作佳句] (3)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)一开始，由于害怕被人嘲笑，大卫打算放弃参加越野赛跑。 In the beginning，afraid of being laughed at，David planned to abandon taking part in the cross-country run. belongings n．[pl.]财物；动产 (belonging n．归属 belong vi.属于) ·a sense of belonging一种归属感 ·belong to属于……；是……的成员 注意：belong to不用于进行时和被动语态。 (1)A tiger is a large fierce animal belonging(belong) to the cat family. (2)My heart sank when I learned that all my belongings(belong) had been stolen. (3)Success belongs to those who have determination，confidence and resolution. [写作佳句] (4)(读后续写之喜悦情绪描写)我最终找到了一种归属感，我的嘴角露出了久违的笑容。 I eventually found a sense of belonging and a long-expected smile flickered across my lips. make fire 生火 be on fire着火了 catch fire着火 set sth on fire＝set fire to sth 放火烧某物 play with fire玩火；冒险 房间里太冷了，他不得不生火取暖，但他很快就睡着了。当他醒来时，他发现他的衣服开始着火了，房子也着火了。他立即冲了出去，报了警。经过仔细的调查，警察得出结论，是他自己烧着了房子。从那时起，他下定决心不再玩火。 It was so cold in the room that he had to (1)make fire to keep himself warm，but he soon fell asleep.When he woke up，he found his clothes starting to (2)catch fire and that the house was also (3)on fire.He rushed out immediately and called the police.After a careful investigation，the police drew the conclusion that it was he himself that (4)set fire to his house/set his house on fire.From then on，he made up his mind (5)not to play with fire again. give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体) give away 捐献；赠送；颁发；泄露(秘密) give back 归还 give in 屈服，让步(to sb/sth)；交上 give up 放弃 give out 分发；发出(光、热、信号等)；公布；用完，耗尽；停止运转 (1)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)在最后300米时，大卫累坏了，汗水从他脸上滚落下来。但他咬紧牙关，下定决心决不放弃。这就是大卫，一个坚韧不拔的男孩，从不向困难屈服。 In the last 300 meters，David gave out，sweat rolling down his face.But he gritted his teeth and made up his mind never to give up.Such was David，a boy with great perseverance，who never gave in to hardships. (2)(话题写作之活动安排)随着大学毕业的临近，学生会将举办一场活动，毕业生们将把他们用过的书送给他们的学弟学妹。 With college graduation drawing near，the Student Association is to hold an activity where graduates will give away their used books to their juniors. (3)(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)梅瑞狄斯太太是一个非常善良体贴的女人。当她有时间的时候，她会给穷人分发食物和药品。 Mrs Meredith was a most kind and sensitive woman.When she had time，she would give out food and medicine to the poor. commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献[commit v．犯(错误、罪行等)；保证；投入 committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的] ·make a commitment 做出承诺 ·commit oneself to (do/doing) sth 承诺(做)某事 ·be committed to (doing) sth/commit oneself to (doing) sth 全身心地投入(做)某事 (1)I make a commitment(commit) to come to your assistance whenever you come across difficulties. (2)Being a committed(commit) man，I hold the strong belief that I can make much more progress in my English learning. [写作佳句] (3)只有你致力于在线学习，你才能成为聪明的在线学习者。 Only if you are committed to/you commit yourself to online learning can you become a smart online learner. 高考热点微练 Ⅰ.一词多义 A．粗糙的　B．崎岖的　C．(天气)恶劣的　D．粗略的　E．艰难的 1．At present I am in a rough time，so could you be kind enough to help me out of difficulty？ E 2．We were caught in rough weather and we didn’t know how to return to the campsite. C 3．According to the rough estimate，we can make more money than last year. D 4．I had great difficulty driving on this rough road. B 5．Years of hard work made the skin on her hands hard and rough. A Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．The government expressed its resolve and determination to uncover the truth.坚定的信念 2．He is engaged in a bitter struggle with his rival(对手) to get control of the company.激烈而不愉快的 3．For the convenience of her twin daughters，she furnished the bathroom with two showers，and two sinks.洗脸盆；洗涤槽 4．His thirteen-year-old son somehow got separated in the crush.拥挤的人群 训练1　Vocabulary　[分值：72.5分] Ⅰ.单词拼写(每小题1分，满分10分) 1．As a consequence of some unexpected accidents，the ship sank into the sea，killing the crew. 2．I can’t tolerate my low weekly wages any longer，so I intend to quit the job straight away. 3．The sensitive lady has been longing to own a decent and stable job. 4．To enjoy a whole new life in a big city，the young man went aboard the plane bound for Toronto. 5．I frequently went to the cinema for recreation in my leisure time. 6．After the strict interview，only two candidates(候选人) were qualified for the position. 7．On a bitter winter day，we were cold，wet and miserable(痛苦的)． 8．Being genuine(真诚的) and good-tempered，he has been getting along well with his classmates. 9．I seize the precious opportunity to buy three blankets(毯子) at half price. 10．The painful but unforgettable voyage will forever be one of the most precious episodes(一段经历) in my life. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分) 1．The government resolved to implement(implement) these new policies as soon as possible. 2．All his belongings(belong) merely include a cupboard and a bed. 3．All of us are envious(envy) of our monitor who is full of vigour. 4．The sensitive girl’s proposals got turned down，which made her sob. 5．I am enthusiastic about the topic—how to build a harmonious society. 6. Unfortunately，my house was on fire and firefighters spared no effort to put the fire out. 7．I made a commitment(commit) to him that I would work heart and soul in this new enterprise. 8．Too much garbage gives off a terrible smell and as a consequence，we must clear the litter immediately. 9．Our boss assigned me to buy(buy) all the motors that were produced in a Chinese corporation. 10．My nephew abandoned himself to the world of literature，reading for hours on end. Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分) A We’ve all heard of IQ，and EQ，but have you heard of AQ? AQ stands for adversity quotient and measures your ability to deal with the ups and downs of life.Being able to handle these rough patches we all go through is not only important in our personal lives but in our professional lives too.So how can we learn to be more resilient? Adverse situations can take us by surprise and shock us.In the workplace，it could be in the form of firings，the company we work for going under or being restructured，or even missing out on a promotion.Failed friendships and relationships，financial hard times and even deaths are things that can occur outside of work.AQ measures our ability to go through the shocks when life throws curveballs at us—how likely we are to deal with these situations.It can be used to predict our attitudes，perseverance，longevity，and the way we learn from changes in environment. Luckily，there are some steps you can take to help you be more resilient in the face of adversity.First，try and find a meaningful goal.Adaptable people often have an aim and are able to concentrate more on a desired outcome，seeing negative situations as a bump in the road on the way to achieving their goals.Learning to relax and regulate your emotions is another key step—one way to help you distress is by practicing breathing exercises.Similarly，thinking about things and letting them get to you can cause you to be stressed.See difficulties more as an opportunity to learn and grow emotionally.Finally，make sure you have a good social support network.Being able to talk with someone about the challenges we face can help. Things happen in life we can’t prevent—and sometimes they aren’t pleasant.But，taking a few steps to be more resilient can make them a little easier to get through. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了逆境商数的定义以及一些让我们在逆境中更具适应性的方法。 1．What adversities are mentioned that may occur in the workplace? A．Being punished. B．Failed relationships C．Missing out on a promotion. D．The company being maintained. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“In the workplace，it could be in the form of firings，the company we work for going under or being restructured，or even missing out on a promotion.”可知，工作场所可能出现的逆境是错过晋升的机会。故选C。 2．What can someone with a high AQ supposedly do in tough situations? A．They can manage their emotions. B．They can get themselves promoted. C．They can achieve their goals easily. D．They can avoid adversities properly. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的“AQ measures our ability to go through the shocks when life throws curveballs at us...and the way we learn from changes in environment.”可知，逆境商数能衡量我们在生活中承受冲击的能力。一个拥有高逆境商数的人处理这些逆境的可能性就会更大，它可以预测我们的态度，毅力等。由此可推知，拥有高逆境商数的人在面对困境时能更好地管理自己的情绪。故选A。 3．Why does having a meaningful goal help in adverse situations? A．You can concentrate more on a desired result. B．You can forget about the unpleasant situations. C．You can see clearly a bump on the way to success. D．You can completely ignore your negative situations. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“First，try and find a meaningful goal.Adaptable people often have an aim and are able to concentrate more on a desired outcome，seeing negative situations as a bump in the road on the way to achieving their goals.”可知，在不利的情况下有一个有意义的目标可以让你更加专注于想要的结果。故选A。 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．EQ：IQ：AQ B．How to Be More Resilient C．What Is Adversity Quotient? D．Be Brave in Face of Adversity 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。根据第一段的“AQ stands for adversity quotient and measures your ability to deal with the ups and downs of life...So how can we learn to be more resilient？”以及最后一段的“But，taking a few steps to be more resilient can make them a little easier to get through.”可知，文章介绍了逆境商数的定义以及一些让我们在逆境中更具适应力的方法。所以“如何更具适应力”是本文的最佳标题。故选B。 B (2024·山东烟台高二下期末) Famous adventurer Caroline Paul noticed females show less bravery than men and tend to shy away from adventure-seeking outdoor activities even before puberty(青春期)． But how come women seem to be much less gutsy than men? Paul found the answer to be in the way they are raised.Parents more likely warn girls than boys about accidents and demand carefulness.When playing outdoors，they tend to discourage daughters from taking risks and assist them，as if they were too delicate to do it by themselves，while they encourage their sons’ initiative，letting them push their boundaries on their own.Fearful girls in plays as kids become less daring women in real life as adults. Paul was different.Her mother made it a point to raise fearless daughters，supporting her thirst for physical challenges.Paul became one of San Francisco’s first 15 female firefighters and completed many seemingly impossible missions like walking up the Golden Gate Bridge and climbing Denali，the worst-weathered mountain of Alaska. Paul thought sharing her adventures and inspiration with young women would help them get better.The result，The Gutsy Girl：Escapades for Your Life of Epic Adventure，is a book for girls，in which she outlines the attempts，successes，and failures of her adventures. Parents are warned that most of Paul’s adventures aren’t the kind they’d want their girls to try and she says so herself，over and over warning：safety first.What，however，parents should hope their girls try is to dream big and forget fear. “The pressure girls face at puberty to be pretty and liked is enormous，” Paul said in the book，stressing that a familiarity with outdoor adventures works as a solution to that and makes for real-life training.Plus，not all of Paul’s adventures end in success，which is great：daring means daring to fail，too—something females are particularly scared of. Paul’s book will convince any female that she，too，is bound to have a life of heroic adventure—whether it’s in the woods or in the boardroom. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Caroline Paul的新书，她在书中阐述了女性表现出的勇气不如男性的原因，并给了女孩们一些建议。 5．What does the underlined word “gutsy” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Energetic. B．Optimistic. C．Flexible. D．Courageous. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段可知，女性表现出的勇气不如男性，甚至在青春期之前就倾向于回避寻求冒险的户外活动。所以画线单词所在的句子在问“为什么女性似乎没有男性那么勇敢呢？”由此可知，画线单词的意思为“勇敢的”。故选D。 6．What’s the root cause of girls growing into fearful women according to Paul? A．How they are brought up. B．Their innocent nature. C．How their parents behave. D．Social discrimination against them. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句话“Paul found the answer to be in the way they are raised.Parents more likely warn girls than boys about accidents and demand carefulness.”可知，根据Paul的观点，女孩们被养大的方式是她们长大后更容易恐惧的原因。故选A。 7．Which of the following suggestions may Paul give to girls? A．Try to stay slim and pretty. B．Sign up for a jungle exploration. C．Put risk-taking before security. D．Act perfectly to keep failure at bay. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“...Paul said in the book，stressing that a familiarity with outdoor adventures works as a solution to that and makes for real-life training.”可知，Paul可能给女孩们的建议是报名参加丛林探险。故选B。 8．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To give tips on how to be ambitious. B．To recommend a book intended for girls. C．To assess Paul’s strengths and weaknesses. D．To present a long-standing cultural phenomenon. 答案　B 解析　写作意图题。本篇文章主要介绍了Caroline Paul的书，她在书中阐述了女性表现出的勇气不如男性的原因，并给了女孩们一些建议。因此文章的目的是介绍一本为女孩们而写的书。故选B。 Ⅳ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) The country of Egypt in northeastern Africa is famous as a world-class tourist spot.The ancient mysterious pyramids are its most appealing attraction，but not the only one. 1 Like many parts of the earth，the desert was once underwater.It gets its name from the large white rocks and white sand drifts (沙堆) that have been formed by many years of erosion and weathering. 2 Many people then enjoy viewing the White Desert near sunrise or sunset because the angle of the light creates a golden tone and its surroundings become fascinating pink and orange.It is also known that the desert looks best on a full moon’s night，when the landscape glows in blue and silver light. Located about 370 km southwest of the capital，it is a five-hour drive from Cairo to the White Desert.Many tour companies offer multi-day tours and activities to explore the area.Camping in tents is a romantic experience worthwhile. 3 Most tours of the White Desert will include a visit to Crystal Mountain.There is also the Black Desert nearby，which many tours will include. 4 The unique environment is full of wonder and it is amazing to see how life has adapted to survive there.Bedouins use the sand of the desert like an oven to cook authentic traditional food，which you can enjoy.Desert animals usually sleep during the day in holes or tunnels underground to stay cool，coming out when it is cooler. 5 Only some kinds of plants can live in desert which have a way to keep water in their stems，leaves or trucks.They also have a large root system to gather up all the possible water when it rains. A．The white sand reflects the light from the sky. B．You can even find some fossils of marine life. C．The desert comes in a variety of colors in the daytime. D．Sandboarding is a fresh sport that can be done on large drifts. E．However，the real charm of a desert tour is not in shining attractions. F．You might be visited by the local fox looking for your dinner leftovers. G．The White Desert has recently been gaining popularity with adventure travelers. 1．答案　G 解析　根据上文“The country of Egypt in northeastern Africa is famous as a world-class tourist spot.The ancient mysterious pyramids are its most appealing attraction，but not the only one.”可知，接下来要介绍埃及的其他景点。选项G“白色沙漠最近在冒险旅行者中越来越受欢迎”符合语境，承接上文。故选G。 2．答案　A 解析　根据下文“Many people then enjoy viewing the White Desert near sunrise or sunset because the angle of the light creates a golden tone and its surroundings become fascinating pink and orange.”可知，白色沙漠的美和白色沙子反射光线有关。选项A“白色的沙子反射来自天空的光线”符合语境。故选A。 3．答案　D 解析　根据上文“Many tour companies offer multi-day tours and activities to explore the area.Camping in tents is a romantic experience worthwhile.”可知，这个地方有很多可以做的活动。由此推知，空处承接上文，继续介绍这里可以从事的活动。选项D“沙板运动是一项新鲜的运动，可以在大范围的漂移中进行”和上文意思一致。故选D。 4．答案　E 解析　空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“The unique environment is full of wonder and it is amazing to see how life has adapted to survive there.”可知，接下来要介绍的不是景点了。因此空处句子应引出下文，选项E“然而，沙漠之旅的真正魅力不在于闪光的景点”符合题意。故选E。 5．答案　F 解析　根据上文“Desert animals usually sleep during the day in holes or tunnels underground to stay cool，coming out when it is cooler.”可知，这里介绍沙漠里的动物的活动情况。选项F“当地的狐狸可能会来寻找你的晚餐剩菜”符合题意。故选F。 Ⅴ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分) In the summer of 1405，Zheng He set sail from Taicang on his first voyage.His ships 1.________(load) with china，silk，tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers.Zheng He’s seven voyages had a far-reaching impact 2. China and its neighbours.Zheng He’s efforts helped develop and strengthen the 3. (harmony) relations with these countries and regions.Zheng He’s accomplishments are now 4. (wide) acknowledged，and he is remembered as one of China’s most influential explorers. Columbus was born in a port city of Italy in 1451.As a teenager，he loved 5.___________ (sail)，and he showed great interest in geography，6. inspired him to begin his career as a seaman.Columbus insisted on searching for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean.On 3 August 1492，he departed from Spain with three ships carrying about 90 7. (crewman)．Regardless of all the challenges，Columbus managed 8.__________(keep) everyone out of danger with his knowledge and 9. (brave) across the ocean.Finally，on 12 October，the crew spotted land in the distance.His voyages opened 10. new chapter of the Age of Exploration，a period which witnessed many important geographical findings. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了中国明朝探险家郑和和意大利探险家哥伦布的探险行程及意义。 1．答案　were loaded 解析　考查时态、语态及主谓一致。描述过去的一次性动作，句子应该用一般过去时，主语ships和动词load之间是被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语His ships是名词复数，be动词用were。故填were loaded。 2．答案　on 解析　考查介词。固定搭配have a far-reaching impact on...意为“对……有深远的影响”。故填on。 3．答案　harmonious 解析　考查形容词。修饰名词relations，应用形容词harmonious“和谐的”作定语。故填harmonious。 4．答案　widely 解析　考查副词。空处修饰动词，应用副词。故填widely。 5．答案　sailing 解析　考查非谓语动词。动词love后接动名词作宾语，表示爱好，故填sailing。 6．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 7．答案　crewmen 解析　考查名词复数。由空前的90可知，空处应填名词复数形式。故填crewmen。 8．答案　to keep 解析　考查非谓语动词。固定搭配manage to do sth意为“设法做成某事”。故填to keep。 9．答案　bravery 解析　考查名词。空处和knowledge并列，作with的宾语，应用名词，bravery“勇敢”为不可数名词。故填bravery。 10．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。分析句子可知，空处应填不定冠词，泛指“一个”，new的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Adversity and courage Unit4 Section Ⅰ Vocabulary Part 1　基础词汇过关 Part 2　核心词汇突破 Part 3　高考热点微练 词汇过关 基础 3 1. n.工资 2. n.橱柜；壁橱；衣柜 3. vi.沉没；下沉；下降 vt.使下沉；使沉没 4. vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 5. n.毯子 Ⅰ.写重点词汇 wage cupboard sink abandon blanket 6. n.& vi.航海；航行 7. n.海军；海军部队 8. adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的 9. adj.温馨的；舒适的 10. adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的 11. n.(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员； 专业团队；一群人 12. n.家具 13. vi.& n.(狗)吠叫；吠叫声 voyage navy decent cosy genuine crew furniture bark 14. n.橄榄球运动 15. n.球拍；蝙蝠 vi.& vt.用球板击球；挥打；拍打 16. n.娱乐；消遣；游戏 17. n.侄子；外甥 18. n.发动机；马达 adj.有引擎的；机动车的 19. n.候选人；应试者 20. n.(人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲 rugby bat recreation nephew motor candidate episode 21. n.动机；原因；目的 22. 拒绝(某人) 23. 生火 24. 放出(热、光、气味或气体) motive turn sb down make fire give off 1. adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的 →bitterly adv.伤心地；愤怒地；极其 2.endurance n.忍耐力；耐久力 → vt.忍耐；忍受 3. n.精力；力量；活力 →vigorous adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的 Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇 bitter endure vigour 4.qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等) → vt.取得资格；使合格 →qualification n.资格 5. adj.热情的；热心的 →enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地 →enthusiast n.热心者，爱好者 →enthusiasm n.热情；热忱 qualify enthusiastic 6.aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等) → n.木板 vt.上船(车、飞机等) 7. vt.分派；布置；分配 →assignment n.分配；分配的任务 8. n.& vt.羡慕；妒忌 →envious adj.妒忌的 9.belongings n.[pl.]财物；动产 → vi.属于；应在(某处) board assign envy belong 10.miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的 → n.痛苦；苦难 11. adj.自私的 →selfishness n.自私 →selfless adj.无私的 →selflessness n.无私 12.good/bad-tempered adj.脾气好的/坏的 → n.脾气；心情 misery selfish temper 13.perseverance n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神 → vi.坚持；孜孜以求 14. vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n.决心；坚定的信念 →resolution n.决议；解决；坚定 15. adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的 →cruelly adv.残酷地 →cruelty n.残忍；残酷 persevere resolve cruel 16. adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的 →thoroughly adv.彻底地 17.unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地 →fortunately adv.幸运地 →unfortunate adj.不幸的 → n.幸运；财富 →fortunate adj.幸运的 thorough fortune 18. adj.潮湿的；湿气重的 →dampen vt.弄湿；使潮湿；抑制 19.guidance n.指导；引导；导航 → v.指导；指引 n.向导；导游；指南 20.advertising n.广告活动；广告业 → vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告 →advertisement n.广告；广告宣传 →advertiser n.广告商 damp guide advertise 21. adj.公司的；法人的；社团的 →corporation n.(大)公司；法人 22. adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的 →roughly adv.粗略地 23. adj.忠诚的；忠实的 →loyalty n.忠诚 corporate rough loyal 24.commitment n.承诺；保证；奉献 → vt.犯(错误、罪行等)；(使)承担义务； (使)作出保证；投入 →committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的 25.Confucianism n.孔子学说；儒家(学说) → adj.儒家的；儒学的 commit Confucian 1.The reason why I admired him was that he showed courage in adversity. Ⅲ.认阅读词汇 n.困境；逆境 n.探险；远征 n.(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员 2.The best part of his expedition had been the rediscovery of his natural passion for making things. 3.The steward woke her at six the next morning with a cup of tea and a plate of plain sweet biscuits. 4.They crush the olives with a heavy wooden press. v.压碎 n.炉具；厨房灶具 n.班卓琴(乐器) 5.She looked through the door of the kitchen，seeing that her daughter was at the stove. 6.The story starts with a blog post about Banjo five years ago. 7.Despite some unexpected matters，Han and his navigator remained unhurt. n.领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者 返 回 词汇突破 核心 20 拒绝(某人) 1 turn sb down turn sth down把……调低 turn one’s back on sb/sth对某人/某事置之不理；背弃某人/某事 turn to求助于；转向；翻至(某一页) turn up出现；把……调高 turn over翻过来；移交 turn out结果是……；生产，制造 (1)不幸的是，我侄子向老板提出一个新想法时被拒绝了。 Unfortunately，my nephew when he put forward a new idea to his boss. (2)(应用文写作之求助信)下星期天我要递交我的简历，所以我向我以前的校长寻求一些建议。 Next Sunday I will submit my résumé，so I __________________________ . was/got turned down turn to my former head teacher for some advice (3)(2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)这对双胞胎在厨房里焦急地走来走去，这时爸爸出现了。他们马上把做饭的任务交给了爸爸，结果做饭比他们想象得要困难得多。爸爸没有对他们的要求置之不理，他们的嘴角带着微笑，三个人共同做了母亲节早餐。 The twins were pacing up and down in the kitchen anxiously ____________ and they straight away the cooking task to him，which .Dad and the three cooked the Mother’s Day breakfast，with their lips breaking into a smile. when Dad turned up turned over turned out to be much more difficult than they had expected wouldn’t turn his back on their request • be enthusiastic about对……充满热情 • with enthusiasm＝enthusiastically adv.热情地 adj.热情的；热心的 (enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地 enthusiast n.热心者，爱好者 enthusiasm n.热情；热忱) 2 enthusiastic (1)Without my teacher’s guidance，I wouldn’t have been enthusiastic English and absorbed in learning English. (2)The boy lifted his head with watery eyes，regretting，“I promise to treat others (enthusiastic) from now on.” ＝The boy lifted his head with watery eyes，regretting，“I promise to treat others with (enthusiastic) from now on.” about enthusiastically enthusiasm (3)(应用文写作之申请信)我不仅热情而且容易相处，这使我能够胜任即将到来的省运会的志愿者工作。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________，which makes me qualified for the voluntary work in the approaching Provincial Sports Games. 写作佳句 I am not only enthusiastic but also easy to get along with/Not only am I enthusiastic but I am also easy to get along with assign sb sth＝assign sth to sb给某人分配某物 assign sb to do sth派某人做某事 vt.分派；布置；分配 (assignment n.分配的工作，任务) assign 3 (1)During the Tree Planting Day，our monitor assigned a specific task __ each student. (2)To complete my first (assign)，I underwent dozens of hardships. to assignment (3)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)我的老师分派我参加写作比赛，我专注于反复润色我的文章，直到它变得完美。 My teacher ____________________________________________ and I focused on polishing my article repeatedly until it became perfect. 写作佳句 assigned me to take part in the writing competition • green with envy 非常羡慕；非常嫉妒 be the envy of...成为……羡慕(或嫉妒)的对象 • envy sb (doing) sth 羡慕/嫉妒某人(做)某事 • be envious of 羡慕；嫉妒 n.& vt.羡慕；妒忌(envious adj.羡慕的；妒忌的) envy 4 (1)My friends were green envy when I gave a talent show at our school’s cultural art festival. (2)Learning that I can deliver a speech on behalf of my school，all my classmates are (envy) of me. with envious (3)她不仅英语说得流利而且非常有毅力，她所有的朋友都羡慕她。(介绍个人优势) Not only is she fluent in English but she also has much perseverance，so _______________________________________ . 写作佳句 she is the envy of all her friends/all her friends are envious of her • abandon oneself to (doing)...沉湎于……；纵情于…… abandon doing sth放弃做某事 • with abandon放纵地；放任地 • be abandoned to (doing)沉湎于…… vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 n.放任；放纵 (abandoned adj.被抛弃的；废弃的，被丢弃的；放纵的) abandon 5 (1)My deskmate abandoned himself to (play) computer games and I resolved to help him. (2)Although he was the last one to reach the finish line，the other children cheered abandon，not for the result but for his strong perseverance. playing with (3)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)一开始，由于害怕被人嘲笑，大卫打算放弃参加越野赛跑。 In the beginning，afraid of being laughed at，David _________ the cross-country run. 写作佳句 planned to abandon taking part in • a sense of belonging一种归属感 • belong to属于……；是……的成员 注意：belong to不用于进行时和被动语态。 n.[pl.]财物；动产 (belonging n.归属 belong vi.属于) belongings 6 (1)A tiger is a large fierce animal (belong) to the cat family. (2)My heart sank when I learned that all my (belong) had been stolen. (3)Success belongs those who have determination，confidence and resolution. belonging belongings to (4)(读后续写之喜悦情绪描写)我最终找到了一种归属感，我的嘴角露出了久违的笑容。 I and a long-expected smile flickered across my lips. 写作佳句 eventually found a sense of belonging be on fire着火了 catch fire着火 set sth on fire＝set fire to sth 放火烧某物 play with fire玩火；冒险 生火 make fire 7 房间里太冷了，他不得不生火取暖，但他很快就睡着了。当他醒来时，他发现他的衣服开始着火了，房子也着火了。他立即冲了出去，报了警。经过仔细的调查，警察得出结论，是他自己烧着了房子。从那时起，他下定决心不再玩火。 It was so cold in the room that he had to (1) to keep himself warm，but he soon fell asleep.When he woke up，he found his clothes starting to (2) and that the house was also (3) .He rushed out immediately and called the police.After a careful investigation，the police drew the conclusion that it was he himself that (4)___________ .From then on，he made up his mind (5) . make fire catch fire on fire set fire to his house/set his house on fire not to play with fire again give away 捐献；赠送；颁发；泄露(秘密) give back 归还 give in 屈服，让步(to sb/sth)；交上 give up 放弃 give out 分发；发出(光、热、信号等)；公布；用完，耗尽；停止运转 放出(热、光、气味或气体) give off 8 (1)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)在最后300米时，大卫累坏了，汗水从他脸上滚落下来。但他咬紧牙关，下定决心决不放弃。这就是大卫，一个坚韧不拔的男孩，从不向困难屈服。 In the last 300 meters，David ，sweat rolling down his face.But he gritted his teeth and made up his mind . Such was David，a boy with great perseverance，who ______________ . gave out never to give up never gave in to hardships (2)(话题写作之活动安排)随着大学毕业的临近，学生会将举办一场活动，毕业生们将把他们用过的书送给他们的学弟学妹。 With college graduation drawing near，the Student Association is to hold an activity where _______________________________________________ . (3)(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)梅瑞狄斯太太是一个非常善良体贴的女人。当她有时间的时候，她会给穷人分发食物和药品。 Mrs Meredith was a most kind and sensitive woman.When she had time，she . graduates will give away their used books to their juniors would give out food and medicine to the poor • make a commitment 做出承诺 • commit oneself to (do/doing) sth 承诺(做)某事 • be committed to (doing) sth/commit oneself to (doing) sth 全身心地投 入(做)某事 n.承诺；保证；奉献[commit v.犯(错误、罪行等)；保证；投入 committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的] commitment 9 (1)I make a (commit) to come to your assistance whenever you come across difficulties. (2)Being a (commit) man，I hold the strong belief that I can make much more progress in my English learning. commitment committed (3)只有你致力于在线学习，你才能成为聪明的在线学习者。 Only if ________________________________________________ can you become a smart online learner. 写作佳句 you are committed to/you commit yourself to online 返 回 learning 热点微练 高考 45 1.At present I am in a rough time，so could you be kind enough to help me out of difficulty？ 2.We were caught in rough weather and we didn’t know how to return to the campsite. 3.According to the rough estimate，we can make more money than last year. 4.I had great difficulty driving on this rough road. 5.Years of hard work made the skin on her hands hard and rough. Ⅰ.一词多义 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ E C A.粗糙的　B.崎岖的　C.(天气)恶劣的　D.粗略的　E.艰难的 D B A 1.The government expressed its resolve and determination to uncover the truth. 2.He is engaged in a bitter struggle with his rival(对手) to get control of the company. 3.For the convenience of her twin daughters，she furnished the bathroom with two showers，and two sinks. 4.His thirteen-year-old son somehow got separated in the crush. Ⅱ.熟词生义 ___________ ______________ ______________ ___________ 坚定的信念 返 回 激烈而不愉快的 洗脸盆；洗涤槽 拥挤的人群 本课结束 $$