内容正文:
书
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UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS
!" # $ % 对应学生用书学案P
素养解读:近几年英语高考的突出特点是
坚持能力立意,突出对核心素养的考查。下面
这篇文章就是围绕“思维品质”这一学科素养
展开的。文章介绍了与本单元话题紧密相关的
“小世界理论”在社交网络中广泛运用的情况,
有助于提升同学们多方面地了解人际交往的基
本原理,从而拓宽自己对人际关系、人与社会的
理解。
主题:人与社会
学科素养:思维品质
难度系数:★★★★★
【语篇导读】本文简单介绍了“小世界理
论”的原理及其在社交网络中的广泛运用。
The SmallWorld Phenomenon and
Decentralized Search
The smallworld phenomenon—the principle
that we are all linked by short chains of
acquaintances,or “six degrees of separation”
—is a fundamental issue in social networks. It is a
basic statement about the abundance of short
paths in a graph whose nodes are people,with
links joining pairs who know one another. It is also
a topic on which the feedback between social,
mathematical,and computational issues has been
particularly fluid.
The problem has its roots in experiments
performed by the social psychologist Stanley
Milgram in the 1960s. To trace out short paths
through the social network of the United States,he
asked participants to forward a letter to a “target
person” living near Boston,with the restriction
that each participant could advance the letter only
by forwarding it to a single acquaintance. Milgram
found that the median completed chain length was
six. Why should a social network contain such
short paths?
Working much more recently, applied
mathematicians Duncan Watts and Steve Strogatz
proposed thinking about networks with this small
world property as a superposition: a highly
clustered(成群的)subnetwork consisting of the
“local acquaintances”of nodes,together with a
collection of random longrange shortcuts that help
produce short paths. In addition to empirical
studies of social,technological,and biological
networks,Watts and Strogatz considered the
following simple model system:Start with a d
dimensional lattice network(晶格网络),and add
a small number of longrange links out of each
node, to destinations chosen uniformly at
random. A network created by this superposition
will have local clustering and short paths,just like
many of the networks found in the real world爥
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○课标词汇
acquaintance /kwentns / n.熟人;相识;了
解;知道
abundance /bndns / n.充裕;丰富
fluid / flud / adj.流动的;不固定的;易变的;
流畅的;优美的
forward / fwd / v.发送;转寄;促进;运送
trace out描绘出;探寻出;探寻踪迹
in addition to除……之外(还有,也);另外
at random胡乱地;随便地;任意地
○句型精析
1. The smallworld phenomenon—the principle that
we are all linked by short chains of
acquaintances, or “ six degrees of
separation”—is a fundamental issue in social
networks.
分析:这是一个简单句。句子的主语是“The
smallworld phenomenon”,系动词是is,“a
fundamental issue in social networks”是这个简
单句的表语。“the principle that we are all
linked by short chains of acquaintances”是同
位语从句。“six degrees of separation”是和
“The smallworld phenomenon”并列的,故用
or连接。
译文:小世界理论,或者说“六度分隔理
论”——原理是我们都被极短的熟人链所连
接,是社交网络中的根本问题。
2. To trace out short paths through the social
network of the United States, he asked
participants to forward a letter to a “target
person”living near Boston,with the restriction
that each participant could advance the letter
only by forwarding it to a single acquaintance.
分析:“To trace out short paths through the
social network of the United States”是目的状
语,“with the restriction that each participant
could advance the letter only by forwarding it to
a single acquaintance”是方式状语,且这个状
语中包含由that引导的定语从句。
译文:为了通过美国的社交网络追寻简短路
径,他(指Stanley Milgram)吩咐参与者给住
在波士顿附近的一个“目标人”寄送一封信,
限制的要求是每个参与者只能把这封信寄
给一个熟悉的人
。
& ' ( ) * + 对应学生用书学案P
【语言技能】
学会含有过去时态的被动语态;
了解表示模糊概念的语言,掌握美式英语
和英式英语的差别并用来传递意义;
学写一篇新闻报道;
准确流利表达你对第一印象的观点。
【素养提升】
掌握人际交往的基本原理,学会结交合适
的人际关系
;
, - . / 0 1 2 对应学生用书学案P
一、中英互译
1. n.抵触,冲突,矛盾
2. vt. &n.发表,发布;释放
3. vi. & vt.收养,领养;采取某种方法、政策、态
度
4. vi.扑向,急冲进;跳水,潜水
5. frequently
6. hang out
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二、选择合适的词,并用其正确形式填空
动词
envy,disturb,apologise,freeze,proceed
1. She had always her sisters thick
glossy hair and long willowy legs.
2. Im sorry to you so late,but my cars
broken down and I dont have my phone
with me.
3. Trains may be subject to delay—we
for any inconvenience caused.
4. Without a sleeping bag,you would
to death out there on the mountainside.
5. She sat down and to tell me about her
skiing holiday.
reveal,investigate,sigh,dare,interrupt
6. The studies that the effects of fruits
and vegetables have demonstrated some
protective effects.
7. She tried to explain what had happened but he
kept her.
8. Her biography that she was not as
rich as everyone thought.
9. He in despair as he read the letter.
10. I wouldnt have a party in my flat in
case the neighbours complained.
名词
clinic, gallery, grocery, stadium, bakery,
cafeteria,canteen
1. Your local family planning can give
you advice about birth control.
2. Thousands of fans packed into the to
watch the match.
3. The curator guided us round the ,
pointing out the most famous paintings in the
collection.
4. The driver of a steamdriven wagon was
unloading warm loaves of fresh bread from the
.
suburb,intervention,friction,theory,chain
5. The company decided to relocate to the
because the rent was much cheaper.
6. When you rub your hands together,the
produces heat.
7. She has built up a of 180 bookshops
across the country.
8. The government was reluctant to sanction
in the crisis.
9. In ,the journey should take three
hours,but in practice it usually takes four
because of roadworks.
network,parcel,phrase,household,bond
10. The was wrapped in plain brown
paper.
11. Shakespeares plays are full of wellknown
.
12. In societies with strong family ,
people tend to live longer.
13. Britain produces 20 million tons of
waste each year.
14. We could reduce our costs by developing a
more efficient distribution .
consequence,bone,emperor,sorrow
15. Don t make a will(立遗嘱)that can have
serious for your children and other
family members.
16. Hed dressed himself up as a Roman
for the fancydress party.
17. He tried to get Becky to talk,but her
were too oppressive(难以忍受的),all her
hopes were gone.
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18. The child was so thin that you could see her
.
republic,loan,debt,document
19. The was proclaimed with great
ceremony.
20. He managed to pay off his in two
years.
21. Many important historical were
destroyed when the library was bombed.
22. Shes trying to get a
!
50,000 to
start her own business.
形容词
random,bimonthly,stiff, tearstained, legal,
bare
1. The magazine is published ,with six
issues a year.
2. It is better to read a few books carefully than to
read many at .
3. She beat the flames out with her
hands.
4. Her face was ,her clothes creased
and her pale blonde curls dull with dust.
5. You have a obligation to ensure your
child receives a proper education.
三、一词多义匹配练习
appeal A. vi.有吸引力 B. vi.呼吁,恳请;
C. vt.上诉
1. I appeal to all like?minded people to support
me. ( )
2. He plans to appeal against his conviction.
( )
3. I think what appeals to me about his painting is
his use of colour. ( )
四、用括号内单词的正确形式填空
1. Money is often a source of tension and
(disagree)in young married couples.
2. I could never have achieved this without the
(encourage) of my husband and
family.
3. I didnt get much of an (impress)of
the place because it was dark when we drove
through it.
4.“I have come to ask your (forgive)
for my harsh words,”said the uncle.
5. Their equipment and any training camps they
have to attend are paid for (add)
.
Period One Topic Talk
3 4 5 6 0 7 对应学生用书学案P
Ⅰ.猜词意
A.道歉,谢罪
B.干扰,打扰,使中断
C.鼓励,鼓舞;起激励作用的事物
D.诊所,(医院)门诊部
E.羡慕,嫉妒
1. Her words were a great encouragement to
them. ( )
2. If you envy someone,you wish that you had the
same things or qualities that they have. ( )
3. A clinic is a building where people go to receive
medical advice or treatment. ( )
4. We apologise for the delay and regret any
inconvenience it may have caused. ( )
5. Did you sleep well?I didnt want to disturb
you. You looked so peaceful. (
)
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Ⅱ.猜单词拼写
1. agreement n.同意;赞同;协定→ n.意
见不和;分歧;争论
(参考:like→dislike)
2. encourage vt.鼓励;鼓舞→ n. 鼓
励;鼓舞;起激励作用的事物
(参考:settle→settlement)
3. disturbance n.干扰,扰乱;骚乱,动乱→
vt.干扰;打扰;使中断
(参考:endurance→endure)
4. envy vt.羡慕;嫉妒→ adj.羡慕的;
嫉妒的
(参考:danger→dangerous)
5. gallery n.美术馆;画廊→ n.(形近
词)食品杂货;超级市场
Ⅲ.预备话题素材
1.农民们听到这一坏消息感到不安。
Farmers the bad news.
2.我的父母总是支持我所做的一切。
My parents everything I do all
the time.
3.他最不想参观的地方是这个市中心的博物馆。
was the
museum in the centre of the city.
4.最重要的事是我们先在这个村庄安顿下来。
we should settle down in
the village first.
5.她完全不同意并且立刻离开了会议室。
She and
immediately left the meeting room.
3 8 9 : ; < 对应学生用书学案P
◇词汇拓讲
1. conflict n.抵触,冲突,矛盾
(P107)Well,sometimes conflicts will come
up,but never for very long.
【翻译】嗯,有时候会出现矛盾,但是从来不
会存在很长时间。
【语言提升
】
conflicting adj.冲突的;相矛盾的;不一致的
conflict with sth.不合;不一致;冲突;抵触
A and B conflict. A和B相冲突。
in conflict with爥和……冲突
confliction n.冲突
The president faces conflicting advice from his
brain trust.
总统面对着智囊团提出的相互冲突的意见。
Their account of events conflicts with ours.
他们对事件的说法与我们截然不同。
She found herself in conflict with her parents
over her future career.
她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在
分歧。
I think there is no confliction in them.
我想这二者之间是没有冲突的。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)We should learn to respect others so as to
avoid attrition and (conflict).
(2)Social progress is normally a matter of
struggles and (conflict).
(3)They have met tough situations,such as
sufferings from the hardships of carving out
and the dilemma between family and
enterprise, the (conflict)
between ideal and the reality,and so on.
(4)Theyconfused me with (conflict)
accounts of what happened.
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完成句子
(5)The story tells of a classic
love and duty.
这故事讲的是典型的爱情与责任之间的
矛盾。
(6)Im my
parents on which major to choose.
我在选什么专业上和我的父母存在
分歧。
2. encouragement n.鼓励,鼓舞;起激励作用的
事物
(P107)The most important thing is that we are
always there for each other whenever one needs
some help or just a bit of encouragement.
【翻译】最重要的是,无论什么时候,哪个需
要帮助,或者一些鼓励,我们彼此都总是会出
现的。
【语言提升
】
encourage vt.鼓励;怂恿;激励;支持
encourage to do sth.鼓励做某事
discourage vt.阻止;使气馁
discouraged adj.灰心的;丧气的
discouraging adj.使人沮丧的;令人气馁的
discouragement n.气馁;挫折;劝阻
courage n.勇气;胆量
I encourage you to join the team and contribute
your thoughts to the project.
我鼓励您加入这个队伍,并提出您对这个项
目的想法。
She was determined not to be too discouraged.
她下了决心不要太气馁。
His parents tried to discourage him from being
an actor.
他的父母试图阻止他去当演员。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Her criticisms had the effect of
(discourage)him completely.
(2)He wasnt (discourage)when
they threw cold water on his ideas.
(3)Investors were (courage)by the
good news.
(4)He persevered in the face of active
(discourage)from those around him.
完成句子
(5)She was not lacking .
她并不缺乏勇气。
(6)Her words were to
them.
她的话对他们是极大的鼓舞。
3. hang out闲待,厮混;挂出
(P107)The last person I took a photo of was
my sister Daisy when we were hanging out last
weekend at the park.
【翻译】我最近一次给人拍照是给我妹妹黛
西,上周末我们逛公园的时候。
【语言提升
】
hang v.悬;吊;悬着;吊着;垂着;吊死;绞
死;悬浮;死机;笼罩
hang around闲荡;徘徊
hang in坚持
hang on坚持下去;不挂断;握住不放
I was worried I wouldnt be able to hang my
laundry out.
我担心我不能把洗好的衣服晾到外面去。
You shouldnt hang around alone at night.
晚上你不应该一个人闲荡。
Can you hang on for a minute?
你能等一会儿吗
?
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【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)I used to in
supermarkets.
我过去常常到超市闲逛。
(2) there,retirement is
only two years away!
坚持住,距离退休只有两年了!
(3) . Ill be ready in half a
minute.
等一下,我马上就准备好了。
4. disturb vt.干扰,打扰,使中断
(P107)Basically,they were making too much
noise in their flat in the evenings and it was
really disturbing us.
【翻译】基本上,晚上他们在自己的寓所里发
出了太多的噪音,这严重干扰了我们的生活。
【语言提升
】
disturb 作动词时,意义比较广泛,还有“妨
碍;弄乱;使恼怒;使不安”等意思。
disturbing adj.令人不安的;烦扰的
disturbed adj.扰乱的;受到干扰的
disturbance n.干扰;骚乱;忧虑(复数形式
为disturbances)
The letter shocked and disturbed me.
这封信使我感到震惊和不安。
There was something about him she found
disturbing.
她发现他身上有些东西让她觉得不安。
Poor educational performance is related to
emotional disturbance.
学习表现不好与情绪不稳定有关。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The newspaper has unearthed some
(disturb)facts.
(2)I was deeply (disturb) and
depressed by the news.
(3)Successful breeding requires quiet,peaceful
conditions with as little (disturb)
as possible.
完成句子
(4)If you get up early,try
everyone else.
如果你起得早,尽量不要打扰别人。
(5)Im sorry ,
but can I talk to you for a moment?
对不起,打扰你一下,我能跟你谈一会
儿吗?
5. apologise vi.道歉,谢罪
(P107)Instead of staying in our flat,feeling
angry about the noise,we went over to their
flat,told them how unhappy the noise was
making us and they apologised and said they
would make less noise from then on.
【翻译】比起待在我们的公寓里对这些噪音
生闷气,我们去了他们的寓所,告诉他们,这
些噪音使我们多么的不舒服。他们向我们道
歉,说从那以后会减少噪音。
【语言提升
】
(1)apologise to sb.向某人道歉
apologise for sth.因某事而道歉
(2)apology n.道歉;谢罪;辩护;勉强的
替代物
make an apology to sb.向某人道歉
make an apology for sth.因某事而道歉
apology letter道歉信;致歉函
He apologised to the teacher for coming late.
他因迟到而向老师道歉。
We would like to offer our apologies for the
delay of your flight today.
今天航班误点,敬请原谅
。
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【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)She made her (apology)and left
early.
(2)He (apologise)for not being
able to meet her just now.
完成句子
(3)I must missing our
appointment yesterday.
我必须为错过我们昨天的约会道歉。
(4)He
me for hurting my feelings.
他因伤害了我的感情而向我道歉。
◇句式解读
1.(P107)Instead of staying in our flat,feeling
angry about the noise,we went over to their
flat,told them how unhappy the noise was
making us and they apologised and said they
would make less noise from then on.
【翻译】比起待在我们的公寓里对这些噪音
生闷气,我们去了他们的寓所,告诉他们,这
些噪音使我们多么的不舒服。他们向我们道
歉,说从那以后会减少噪音。
【句式剖析】
“Instead of staying in our flat”为介词短语前
置,作状语。
【句式提升
】
(1)作为短语介词,instead of后面常跟名
词、代词或动名词,偶尔也跟复合结构。
(2)instead of后面还可跟形容词、副词、动
词、不定式、介词短语或从句。
(3)介词短语作前置状语,常用来表示强
调,后面通常有逗号隔开。
(4)介词短语作状语,用来修饰动词,通常
放在句子的后面。
Taking exercise every day makes him look
younger instead of older.(后接形容词)
每天锻炼身体使他显得更年轻而不是苍老。
I go to bed late instead of early.(后接副词)
我睡得晚,而不是提早睡。
That increased instead of decreased our
courage.(后接动词)
这增加而不是减少了我们的勇气。
He proposes to do some work instead of to watch
television.(后接不定式)
他提议做些工作而不是看电视。
In warm weather he often reads under a tree
instead of in the library.(后接介词短语)
天气暖和的时候,他常常是在树下而不是在
图书馆里读书。
For eight times,the base was destroyed.
On the whole,Jack has been a good friend.
With all your faults,I still like you.
In brief,your paper doesnt focus on the topic.
We live quite near my office.(地点)
Who knows what will happen in the future?(时
间)
The sewing machine is worked by foot.(方式)
Were waiting for them to arrive for lunch.(目的)
He worked himself to death.(结果)
He is so useful to me that I cant do without
him.(条件)
He lay on his bed with the sunlight falling on
his face.(伴随状语)
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1) ,we must
cut our budget in half.
我认为,我们必须将预算减半。
(2) a hand,
he
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laughed at us.
他不仅没有帮我们一把,反而嘲笑我们。
(3)A word of encouragement might have made
me respect
.
他若是说一句鼓励的话,那么我或许不
会恨他,反而会敬重他。
(4) ,silver began
to flow out of,instead of into the country.
结果,银子开始流出而不是流入该国。
2.(P107)Basically,they were making too much
noise in their flat in the evenings and it was
really disturbing us.
【翻译】基本上,晚上他们在自己的寓所里发
出了太多的噪音,这严重干扰了我们的生活。
【句式剖析】
Basically是单独的副词放在句首作状语,修
饰整个句子。
【句式提升
】
在英语中,有些副词,单独放在句子前面,
并用逗号与主句隔开,与主句并不紧密结
合。它并不是修饰谓语,而是对整个句子
进行说明或解释,表明说话人对话语的看
法或态度。这类副词通常有:
absurdly荒谬地
actually实际上
admittedly无可否认地
astonishingly令人惊讶地
certainly的确
coincidentally碰巧
curiously好奇地
definitely明确地;确切地
educationally教育方面地
evidently
明显地
financially财经上
frankly坦率地
fortunately幸运地
honestly诚实地
hopefully有希望地
Astonishingly, a large percentage of online
commenters said they understood why the
onlookers did not lend a helping hand.
令人惊讶的是,很大一部分网络评论者说他
们理解那些不愿伸出援手的旁观者。
Admittedly,they have a good reason to be
nervous about safety.
无可否认,他们很有理由担心安全问题。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1) ,they had both studied in Paris.
碰巧的是,他们俩都在巴黎学习过。
(2) ,it was difficult,but it wasnt
impossible.
无可否认,它是很难,但并非不可能。
(3) ,well arrive before dark.
我们有望在天黑前到达。
单句语法填空
(4) (financial),Im much
better?off than before.
(5) (frank ), Thomas, this
question of your loan is beginning to
worry me.
(6) (economical ), socially and
educationally,their descendants(子孙;后
代)
have barely moved up.
!!*
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
= 8 : > ? < 对应学生用书学案P
一、单词拼写
1. He checked into a top London c
yesterday for an operation on his knee.
2. A significant exhibition of contemporary
sculpture will be on view at the
Portland G .
3. The factory had its own hospital,b and
food stores. And everything was connected with
kilometres of tunnels.
4. A c is a restaurant where you choose
your food from a counter and take it to your
table after paying for it.
5. If you live in the s ,you live in an area
of houses outside the centre of a city or large
town.
6. If there is f between people,there is
disagreement and argument between them.
7. E is the activity of encouraging
someone,or something that is said or done in
order to encourage them.
8. Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea
of foreign i .
9. I dont e the young ones whove become
TV superstars and know no other world.
10. If Ive caused any offence (冒犯) over
something I have written, I will happily
a .
二、单句语法填空
1. It calls for our (intervene)in
tourist behaviour that destroys public facilities
and the environment.
2. The generation gap can result in
misunderstandings and cause
(frict)between parents and children.
3. Your diligence is worthy of
(encourage), but effort does not equal
accomplishment.
4. Despite our (disagreement),we
have been able to find some common ground.
5. He (envy)her—she seemed to
have everything she could possibly want.
三、完成句子
1. He had Smith and bloodied
his nose.
他跟史密斯打了一架,把他的鼻子打出了血。
2. And then theres a big fountain. We used to
at the fountain.
那时,那里还有一个大喷泉。我们以前常在
喷泉边转悠。
3. He put a plus a minus.
他填了个加号而不是减号。
4. Much of the crime in this area
drug abuse.
这一地区的许多犯罪都与吸毒有关。
5. I was delayed—something unexpected
at home.
我耽搁了——家里有事意外发生。
请同学们认真完成练案[1
]
!"!
书
学案及练案部分 参考答案
UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS
单元词汇预通关
一、1. conflict 2. release 3. adopt 4. dive
5. adv.经常地,频繁地 6.闲待,厮混
二、动词1. envied 2. disturb 3. apologise
4. freeze 5. proceeded 6. investigated
7. interrupting 8. revealed 9. sighed
10. dare
名词1. clinic 2. stadium 3. gallery
4. bakery 5. suburbs 6. friction 7. chain
8. intervention 9. theory 10. parcel
11. phrases 12. bonds 13. household
14. network 15. consequences 16. emperor
17. sorrows 18. bones 19. republic
20. debts 21. documents 22. loan
形容词1. bimonthly 2. random 3. bare
4. tearstained 5. legal
三、1. B 2. C 3. A
四、1. disagreements 2. encouragement
3. impression 4. forgiveness 5. additionally
Period One Topic Talk
课前自主预习
Ⅰ. 1. C 2. E 3. D 4. A 5. B
Ⅱ. 1. disagreement 2. encouragement 3. disturb
4. envious 5. grocery
Ⅲ. 1. were disturbed to hear 2. support me in
3. The last place he wanted to visit 4. The
most important thing is that 5. was in com
plete disagreement
课堂新知讲练
词汇拓讲
1.(1)confliction (2)conflicts (3)confliction
(4)conflicting (5)conflict between
(6)in conflict with
2.(1)discouraging (2)discouraged
(3)encouraged (4)discouragement
(5)in courage (6)a great encouragement
3.(1)hang out (2)Hang in (3)Hang on
4.(1)disturbing (2)disturbed (3)disturbance
(4)not to disturb (5)to disturb you
5.(1)apologies (2)apologised
(3)apologise for (4)made an apology to
句式解读
1.(1)In my opinion (2)Instead of lending
(3)instead of hating him (4)As a result
2.(1)Coincidentally (2)Admittedly
(3)Hopefully (4)Financially (5)Frankly
(6)Economically
随堂知能小练
一、1. clinic 2. Gallery 3. bakery 4. cafeteria
5. suburbs 6. friction 7. Encouragement
8. intervention 9. envy 10. apologise
二、1. intervention 2. friction 3. encouragement
4. disagreements 5. envied
三、1. a fight with 2. hang out 3. instead of
4. is related to 5. came up
练案[1]
基础练
Ⅰ. 1. gallery 2. grocery 3. conflict 4. stadium
5. bakery
Ⅱ. 1. frictions 2. encouragement 3. apology
4. disagreement 5. disturbing
Ⅲ. 1. believe in 2. in the end 3. Too much
4. find out 5. hang out 6. an unforgettable
impression on
提升练
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要
讲述了教育部宣布的一项全新的高校招生
计划——“强基计划”。
1. B 推理判断题。第二段提到“教育部此前宣
布了一项全新的高校招生计划——强基计
划——并于今年起实施”,接下来文章具体介
绍了这一计划,由此可知,本文目的是使人知
晓一项教育计划。故选B项。
2. C 细节理解题。根据第一段“For over 40
years,gaokao has not only affected individual
students,but also had a significant impact on
national development(40多年来,高考不仅影
响学生个人,对国家发展也有重大影响).”可
知,极大地影响国家发展是高考的作用。故
选C项
。
—221—