精品解析：2021年上海高考英语试卷（春考）（网络收集版）

普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语试卷2021年1月听力部分现在开始。One listening comprehension section a directions. In section a, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said, the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about IT, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. One, the beef looks fresh. but I would recommend the chicken, which is tender. The beef is too salty and not juice. Question, what does the woman think of the chicken? Two, jack contributed a lot to my survey on the evolution of fashion. I want to buy him a present, like a scarf or a wallet. I heard he likes reading. If I were you, I would buy him a set of classics. Question, what does the man suggest the woman buy for jack? Three, i'd like to have my hair colored, but you seem up to your neck. Yes, we usually have a lot more customers on the weekend. Please take a seat. I'm afraid you have to be patient. Question, where does this conversation most probably take place? For sorry, mom, I should have come back home earlier. I'll never do IT again. Let's drop IT this time question. what can we learn from this conversation? Five, oh, Alice, I have no idea what this newly coin term means. Well, you are not alone. Question, what does the woman mean? Six dad to the alarm car go off. That was thirty minutes ago. You slept right through IT get up or you'll be late for school. Question, what does the man mean? Seven, may I take another look at the chinese painting? Is IT still Priced ten thousand? You on? Sorry. sir, its Price has risen by ten percent. Question, how much just the chinese painting costs now? Eight, moving these boxes up to the fifth floor is really beyond me. They look so big. If only I hadn't had my ankle twisted yesterday. Question, what does the man imply? Nine, what an unsung hero you are. You never told me that you have been financially assisting the students for years. Let the matter rest is just between you and me. Question, what does the man mean? Ten, I hope there is hot water in the hotel. After ten, I like to have a shower before bed, especially in winter. but the front desk says hot water is available till l nine pm. Question, what can we learn from the conversation? Section b directions in section b, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After reach passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions are eleven through thirteen are based on the following passage. A home energy shakeup helps determine where your house is losing energy and money when such problems are corrected, your home will be more energy efficient. While a professional energy check up provides a complete picture of your homes energy use, a diligent self assessment can also help you find small problem areas. First, make a list of obvious alex check for indoor alex, such as gaps along the edge of the flowing and at joints of the walls and ceiling. Also check their leagues on the outside of your home, especially in areas where two different building materials meet. Finally, remember to check other places for leaks, including windows, doors and switches. The potential energy savings from reducing leagues in our home may range from ten percent to twenty percent per year. This do IT yourself home energy check up will not be as thora as a professional home energy assessment, but I can help you highlight some of the easier areas to address when walking through your home. Keep a checklist of the areas you have inspected and the problems you have found. This list will help you decide which energy efficiency upgrade should be given priority to. Now listen again. a home energy check up helps determine where your house is losing energy and money. When such problems are corrected, your home will be more energy efficient. While a professional energy check ker provides a complete picture of your home's energy use, a diligent self assessment can also help you find small problem areas. First, make a list of obvious area leaks. Check for indoor air leaks, such as gaps along the edge of the flowing and at joints of the walls and ceiling. Also check relief on the outside of your home, especially in areas where two different building materials meet. Finally, remember to check other places for leaks, including windows, doors and switches. The potential energy savings from reducing leaks in a home may range from ten percent to twenty percent per year. This do IT yourself home energy check out will not be as thoro as a professional home energy assessment, but IT can help you highlight some of the easier areas to address when walking through your home, keep a checklist of the areas you have inspected and the problems you have found. This list will help you decide which energy efficiency upgrade should be given priority . to questions eleven, which of the following is the most probable way to save energy in a house? Twelve, why does the speaker recommend you to keep a checklist? Thirteen, what is the speaker mainly talking about? Questions fourteen through sixteen are based on the following passage. Sim's hini was awarded the nobel prize in literature in one thousand and ninety five when he was teaching at harvard university. On the day when harvard celebrated its three hundred seventy fifth anniversary. Before a large audience, he recited his poem composed in one nine hundred and eight for the universities, three hundred and fifty eighth anniversary. This one thousand and eighty six poem relies on the power of repeating words and sounds, henne said in an interview. There's a kind of buildings quality to the poem, which makes IT easy on the ear. He remembered writing just two poems during his early years at harvard when he taught and read a lot. One poem is the anniversary poem, and the others is about learning the alphabet at primary school. Hini also recalled the physical harvard, where he had many happy moments. He said, I still remember the excitement of driving around the campus and seeing the outlines of the houses, and I enjoyed a few quiet corners on campus where I would sit down and take a APP, the librarian at Adams's house for one, and the woodberry poetry room for another. Then there was the yard. IT was the inspiration for the anniversary poem, and also a place that reminded me of my own boyhood in the countryside. Because IT . used to be a cowyard. Now listen again. Sima heney was awarded the nobel prize in literature in nineteen ninety five when he was teaching at harvard university on the day when harvard celebrated its three hundred and seventy fifth anniversary. Before a large audience, he recited his phone composed in one nine hundred and eighty six for the universities, three hundred and fifty fifth anniversary. This nineteen and eighty six poem relies on the power of repeating words and sounds. He, he said in an interview, there's a kind of bell ringing quality to the poem, which makes IT easy on the air. He remembered writing just two pones during his early years at harvard when he taught and read a lot. One poem is the anniversary poe, and the other is about learning the alphabet of primary school. Heney also recalled the physical harvard. We had many happy moments. He said, I still remember the excitement of driving around the campus and seeing the outlines of the houses, and I enjoyed a few quite corner's on campus where I would sit down and take a nap, the library at Adams house for one, and there would bury poetry room for another. Then there was the yard. IT was the inspiration for the anniversary term, and also a place that reminded me of my own boyhood in the countryside, because IT used to be a cowyard. Questions fourteen, for what purpose did seem as hini compose his thousand, thousand and eighty six poem. Fifteen what is a feature of Smith hines nineteen eighty six poem? Sixteen, what can be learned about sums hini? Question something through twenty are based on the following conversation. Hi professor. right? Hi maggy. It's been a week since you arrived at the city. Do you like your office? Yes, it's great to have so much room, and I love to see you. I'm glad to hear that. Do you need any equipment or supplies? Actually, there are a few things i've been thinking about. Okay. what do you need? Well, i'll give a presentation at an online conference next week. Is IT possible to get a web camera for the computer? No problem. IT is already at the top of our agenda. We want to encourage using technology to communicate with overseas scholars rather than expensive traveling. exactly. It's so much easier and cheaper to do things that way. The department chair likes to hear that kind of thinking anything else. Well, I hope i'm not asking too much, but can I get a new chair? This one is really uncomfortable. I think that's an old chair. Sorry about that. Is there a specific kind you want, like a folding chair or a rocking one. I just like one that rises up and down and has arms. Sure, I got IT. thanks. Now listen again. Hi professor. why? Hi mag. It's been a week since you arrived at the city. Do you like your office? Yes, it's great to have so much room. And I love to save you. lad, to hear that. Do you need any equipment or supplies? Actually, there are a few things i've been thinking about. Okay. what do you need? Well, i'll give a presentation at an online conference next week. Is IT possible to get a web camera for the computer? No problem. IT is already at the top of our agenda. We want to encourage using technology to communicate with overseas scholars rather than expensive traveling. exactly. It's so much easier and cheaper to do things that way. The department chair likes to hear that kind of thinking anything else. Well, I hope i'm not asking too much, but can I get a new chair? This one is really uncomfortable. I think that's an old chair. Sorry about that. Is there a specific kind you want, like a folding chair or a rocking one? I just like one that rises up and down and has arms. Sure, I got IT. thanks. Questions seventeen, what does the man say about his office? Eighteen, why does the man need a web camera for his computer? Nineteen, what kind of chair does the man want? Twenty, what are the speakers mainly talking about? That's the end of listening . comprehension. 关注微信公众号，上海初高中英语教学，海量名校名师资源，助力升学一臂之力。 2021年上海市高考英语试卷（1月份） I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions： In Section A， you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation， a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it， read the four possible answers on your paper， and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Fresh. B. Salty. C. Tender. D. Dry. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M：The beef looks fresh. W：But I would recommend the chicken which is tender. The beef is too salty and not juicy. Q：What does the woman think of the chicken？ 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. A luxurious tie. B. A set of classic works. C. A red scarf. D. A wallet. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: Jack contributed a lot of my survey on the evolution of fashion. I want to buy him a present like a scarf or a wallet. M: I heard he likes reading. If I were you, I would buy him a set of classics. Q: What does the man suggest the woman buy for Jack？ 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A In a barbershop. B. In the cinema. C. In the mall. D. In the library. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: I’d like to have my hair colored. But you seem up to your neck. M: Yes, we usually have a lot more customers on the weekend. Please take a seat. I’m afraid you have to be patient. Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place for? 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The boy stayed up all night. B. The boy came home too early. C. The boy is forgiven. D. The boy didn’t go home at night. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M; Sorry, mom, I should have come back home earlier. I’ll never do it again. W; Let’s drop it this time. Q; What can we learn from this conversation? 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She will accompany the man who asks questions. B. She also doesn’t know the meaning of the term. C. She sympathized with the man very much. D. She is well aware of the meaning of the newly coined term. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: Oh, Alice. I have no idea what this newly coined term means. W: Well, you are not alone. Q: What does the woman mean？ 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She needs to hurry. B. The alarm clock didn’t ring. C. She broke the alarm clock. D. She is late for school. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: Dad did the alarm clock go off？ M: That was 30 minutes ago. You slept right through it. Get up or you’ll be late for school. Q: What does the man mean？ 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. ﹩10，000. B. ¥ 11 ，000. C. ¥ 12 ，000. D. ﹩11 ，000 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: May I take another look at the Chinese painting? Is it still priced ¥10, 000? W: Sorry, sir, its price has risen by 10%. Q: How much does the Chinese painting cost now? 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He couldn’t offer help because of his foot injury. B. He can’t stand the noise of these boxes moving. C. He can’t stand the woman carrying these boxes. D. He doesn’t want to carry the box down from the fifth floor. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: Moving these boxes up to the 5th floor is really beyond me. M: They look so big. If only I hadn’t had my ankle twisted yesterday. Q: What does the man imply？ 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He is just an ordinary man, not a hero. B. He wants the woman to publicize his deeds. C. He has already finished financial aid for students. D. He wants the woman to keep it a secret. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】W: What an unsung hero you are. You never told me that you have been financially assisting the students for years. M: Let the matter rest. It’s just between you and me. Q: What does the man mean？ 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The woman likes to take a shower before going to bed. B. The man can’t have a shower before going to bed. C. Hot water is supplied in the hotel until 10 p.m.in winter. D. The hotel still supplies hot water after 10 p.m. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: I hope there is hot water in the hotel after ten. I like to have a shower before bed, especially in winter. W: But the front desk says hot water is available till 9:00 pm. Q:What can we learn from the conversation？ 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. Have a professional energy checkup. B. Update all the household appliances. C. Make a do-it-yourself home energy checkup. D. Find the leaks on the outside of your home. 12. A. Because it can help you save energy in a house. B. Because it can help you decide where should be upgraded first. C. Because it can help you remember where you have inspected. D. Because it can help you reduce the air leaks. 13. A. How to choose a professional energy checkup. B. How to conduct the home energy checkup. C. How to make a list of obvious air leaks. D. How to save energy in your home. 【答案】11. C 12. B 13. B 【解析】 原文】A home energy checkup helps determine where your house is losing energy and money. When such problems are corrected your home will be more energy efficient. While a professional energy checkup provides a complete picture of your home’s energy use, a diligent self-assessment can also help you find small problem areas. First, make a list of obvious air leaks. Check for indoor air leaks, such as gaps along the edge of the flooring and joints of the walls and ceiling. Also check the leaks on the outside of your home, especially in areas where two different building materials meet. Finally remember to check other places for leaks including windows, doors and switches. The potential energy savings from reducing leaks in our own may range from 10% to 20% per year. This do-it-yourself home energy checkup will not be as thorough as a professional home energy assessment, but it can help you highlight some of the easier areas to address. When walking through your home, keep a checklist of the areas you have inspected and the problems you have found. This list will help you decide which energy efficiency upgrade should be given priority to. 11. Which of the following is the most probable way to save energy in a house? 12. Why does the speaker recommend you to keep a check list? 13. What is the speaker mainly talking about? 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. To make people remember him. B. To show his excellent talent. C. To remember the moments in university. D. To recall his childhood. 15. A. It used some advanced narrative skills. B. It is easy to understand the deep meaning. C. It has a kind of bell ringing quality. D. It is suitable to recite aloud with expression. 16. A. He likes to compose poems at quiet corners. B. He graduated from Harvard University in 1995. C. He wrote only two poems in his life. D. He had a good time at Harvard. 【答案】14. C 15. C 16. D 【解析】 【详解】W: Seamus Heaney was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature in 1995 when he was teaching at Harvard University. On the day when Harvard celebrated its three hundred seventy-fifth anniversary before a large audience, he recited his poem composed in 1986 for the university three hundred and fiftieth anniversary. This 1986 poem relies on the power of repeating words and sounds. Heaney said in an interview, “There’s a kind of bell ringing quality to the poem, which makes it easy on the air.” He remembered writing just two poems during his early years at Harvard when he taught and read a lot. One poem is the anniversary poem. And the other is about learning the alphabets at a primary school. Heaney also recalled the physical Harvard where he had many happy moments. He said, “I still remember the excitement of driving around the campus and seeing the outlines of the houses. And I enjoyed a few quiet corners on campus where I would sit down and take a nap. The library at Adam’s house for one and the Woodbury poetry room for another. Then there was the yard. It was the inspiration for the anniversary poem and also a place that reminded me of my own boyhood in the countryside because it used to be a cow yard.” Questions: 14. For what purpose did Seamus Heaney compose his 1986 poem? 15. What is a feature of Seamus Heaney’s 1986 poem? 16. What can be learned about Seamus Heaney? 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. His office is richly decorated. B. He has used this office for a week. C. His office is very modem. D. His office space is spacious enough. 18. A. To record his trip next week. B. To communicate with overseas scholars. C. To collect cost-effective web cameras. D. To record the contents of the report file. 19. A. A chair that rises up and down and has arms. B. A modem simple chair. C. A folded chair without a handle. D. A second-hand solid wood chair. 20. A. How to choose a web camera. B. How to prepare for an online meeting report. C. How to improve Professor White’s office. D. How to decorate Professor White’s office. 【答案】17. D 18. B 19. A 20. C 【解析】 【原文】W: Hi, professor White. M: Hi, Maggie. W: It’s been a week since you arrived at the city. Do you like your office? M: Yeah, it’s great to have so much room and I love to see you. W: I’m glad to hear that. Do you need any equipment or supplies? M: Actually, there are a few things I’ve been thinking about. W: OK. What do you need? M: Well, I’ll give a presentation at an online conference next week. Is it possible to get a web camera for the computer? W: No problem. It is already at the top of our agenda. We want to encourage using technology to communicate with overseas scholars rather than expensive traveling. M: Exactly. It’s so much easier and cheaper to do things that way. W: The department chair likes to hear that kind of thinking. Anything else? M: Well, I hope I’m not asking too much, but can I get a new chair? This one is really uncomfortable. W: I think that’s an old chair. Sorry about that. Is there a specific kind you want, like a folding chair or a rocking one? M: I just like one that rises up and down and has arms. W: Sure, I got it. M: Thanks. Now listen again. Questions: 17.What does the man say about his office? 18.Why does the man need a web camera for his computer? 19.What kind of chair does the man want? 20.What are the speakers mainly talking about? II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank. Why Being in a Band Is Cool When you were younger, a piano lesson may have ruined your day. Carrying a flute (长笛) from class to class just for a half-hour lesson ____21____ have seemed pointless. But as you enter the adult world suddenly you realize that knowing how to play an instrument is pretty cool. Yes, even the flute. So, what makes being in a band so cool? Is it because you get to go on stage and play to millions of adoring fans? Well, yes, but it’ll be a few years before your dodgy rendition of ‘Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star’ starts to resemble a Mozart symphony. ____22____ talented you’ve been in music it’s still not easy to organize a band, but here’s a quick guide to get you started: 1) Find your members. You’ll need a drummer, a guitarist, a bass guitarist and a singer. Any other instruments are a bonus. This is where ____23____ (play) the flute comes in, if you can make playing the flute cool, you deserve all the fame and fortune in the world! 2) Organize a band practice. If you are lucky enough to have a band member ____24____ a drum kit and parents who are hard of hearing, you can practise at home for free. Otherwise, you’ll need to find a local studio ____25____ can be expensive. ____26____ (divide) the cost equally, including the cost of hiring any equipment such as cymbals for the drummer, you rock together, you roll together ! 3) Be productive. If you’re paying for a studio, the last thing you want is to spend it catching up with each other, so meet half an hour in advance to get all the chatting ____27____ (finish). 4) Agree on songs to learn, and learn them! Each band member should choose a song for the whole band ____28____ (learn) ready for rehearsal. This will allow you to see ____29____ genres (类型) work for your group. (5) Start writing. Once you know what music works for you, start writing! You can do this individually or as a band but the most important thing is to respect other people’s songs. It’s very rare to find ______30______ who isn’t shy about sharing their first few pieces of writing, so be nice! If that sounds like a lot of hard work, then you’re right! If it also sounds like a lot of fun, get stated! But what is it that makes all that hard work worth it? Being in a band teaches you precious life lessons. It is a fun way of learning about how to share opinions respectfully, be creative, become more confident and work as a team. Once you can do that you’ll be well on your way to finding what it is about you that makes you unique, special and cool! 【答案】21. may 22. However 23. playing 24. with 25. which/##that 26. Divide 27. finished 28. to learn 29. what 30. someone 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了组建乐队的快速指南。 【21题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：带着长笛从一个班到另一个班仅仅上半小时的课似乎毫无意义。此句中有主语和谓语，在主语和谓语之间的空格缺少情态动词，且结合前句中的may可知，此处也表示不确定的推测，应用情态动词may。故填may。 【22题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：无论你在音乐方面多么有天赋，组建一支乐队仍然不容易，但这里有一个快速指南可以让你开始。分析句子结构可知，空处引导让步状语从句，结合语意，此处表示“无论多么有天赋”，应用连词however引导从句，修饰形容词talented，置于句首，首字母大写。故填However。 【23题详解】 考查动名词。句意：这就是吹长笛的用武之地，如果你能让吹长笛变得很酷，你就值得拥有世界上所有的名利！分析句子结构可知，空处在where引导的表语从句中作主语，应用动名词形式。故填playing。 【24题详解】 考查介词。句意：如果你足够幸运，有一个有架子鼓的乐队成员和听力障碍的父母，你可以在家里自由练习。结合语意可知，此处表示一个有架子鼓的乐队成员，所以空处应用介词with，表示“有”。故填with。 【25题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：否则，你需要在当地找一个可能价格昂贵的工作室。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词studio，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/which引导从句。故填that/which。 【26题详解】 考查祈使句。句意：均摊成本，包括为鼓手租用钹等任何设备的成本，你们一起摇滚，一起翻滚！分析句子结构可知，本句为祈使句，应用动词原形形式置于句首，首字母大写。故填Divide。 【27题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：如果你要为一个工作室付费，你最不想做的就是花时间互相了解，所以提前半个小时见面，完成所有的闲聊。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，finish与逻辑主语the chatting之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。故填finished。 【28题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：每个乐队成员都应该为整个乐队选择一首歌曲来学习，为排练做好准备。分析句子结构可知，a song与learn是逻辑上的动宾关系， the whole band是动作的发出者，空处使用动词不定式主动形式作状语，表示被动含义。故填to learn。 【29题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：这将允许你看到什么类型的作品适合你的团队。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作动词see的宾语，what在从句中作定语修饰genres，表示“什么”，符合题意。故填what。 【30题详解】 考查不定代词。句意：很少有人会不羞于分享他们的前几首曲子，所以要友善！空处作动词find的宾语，且结合空处who引导的限制性定语从句可知，此处表示“某人”，应用不定代词someone。故填someone。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. applauding B. entry-level C. struck D. fascination E. back-seat F. stuck G. stand H. promoter I. hook J. dominant K. empowered The nature is part of us. Therefore, it holds a mysterious ____31____ for me. In my memory, the valley was quiet and calm, only to see the wheat all over the mountains waving together in rhythm when the wind blew through, like a ballet troupe. The sun rose every morning as usual, sweeping across the valley and ultimately falling behind the peaks. The snow that falls in winter always melts in spring, bringing new hope to this nature where everything was pleasant and beautiful. Led by fate, I have became an environmentalist and had the honor of being invited to address students about my green lifestyle for a long time. The students were surprised at my lifestyle and maybe they thought my lifestyle was no longer suitable for modern life. Fortunately, they were still listened to whole lecture, saluting or ____32____ me——to some extent the applause implied their encouragement to me. As I began to interact with them under the stage, I was ____33____ by kids’ lack of knowledge of nature so that they had little knowledge of protecting environment. After the address, I put up a stand in the ____34____ offering green food, hoping them interested in it to get the ____35____ experiencing a first-hand feeling of the green lifestyle no one shows any interest in. So I decided to team up with the concert ____36____ to run a campaign: “anyone who can answer a(n) ____37____ environmental question is qualified to attend the concert. Soon the music can ____38____ them coming here”. Since then , I have been considering why kids today do not have the same deep appreciation for nature that I do. One of the significant factors may be that the former rural civilization has been replaced by the urban civilization. In the past, the poor played the ____39____ role in the nature, so they cleared the wasteland, planted crops and reproduced civilization. With the massive invasion of industrialization and urbanization, people were forced to move away from nature. The struggle between tradition and modernity, the confrontation between humans and nature has led people to believe that they are the masters of the universe. Is this really the case? It is time to think about who ____40____ us to destroy nature. 【答案】31. D 32. A 33. C 34. E 35. G 36. H 37. B 38. I 39. J 40. K 【解析】 【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。表达了作者对自然的深厚感情，对现代人与自然关系变化的思考，以及自己作为环保人士的努力和遭遇。 31题详解】 考查名词。句意：因此，它对我有一种神秘的吸引力。根据句子结构分析，此处应该填入名词。而且结合下文中的景色描写以及“where everything was pleasant and beautiful”可知，此处句意为“因此，它对我有一种神秘的吸引力(fascination)”，名词作宾语，故选D。 【32题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，他们整个讲座都在听，向我致敬或鼓掌——在某种程度上，掌声暗示着他们对我的鼓励。根据句子结构分析，此处or连接两个动词，应该填入动词的现在分词形式。而且根据下文“to some extent the applause implied their encouragement to me”的提示，可知，此处句意为“幸运的是，他们仍然听了整个讲座，在某种程度上向我致敬或鼓掌(applauding)”，故选A。 【33题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：当我开始在台下与他们互动时，我惊讶于孩子们对自然的认识不足，他们对保护环境的知识很少。根据句子结构分析，此处为被动语态，需要填入动词的过去分词形式。而且根据上文可知作者是一个环保主义者，又根据下文“they had little knowledge of protecting environment”提示，此处句意为“被孩子们缺乏保护自然的知识所震惊(be struck by)”，故此处考查的是固定搭配 be struck by意为“被……所侵袭；被……所触动；被……所迷惑”，故选C。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：演讲结束后，我在后座设立了一个展台，希望那些对此感兴趣的人能够亲自体验一下绿色生活方式，这种生活方式没有人表现出任何兴趣。结合上文可知，作者做了一场关于环保的演讲，而且根据句子结构分析，此处应该填入名词，故可推测，作者是在演讲场地设置的摊位，故此处句意最有可能是“演讲结束后，我在后座 (back-seat) 设立了一个展台”，故选E。 35题详解】 考查名词。句意：演讲结束后，我在后座设立了一个展台，希望那些对此感兴趣的人能够亲自体验一下绿色生活方式，这种生活方式没有人表现出任何兴趣。结合上文作者设置了一个展台，可知此处讲述的还是同一件事情，故可推知，此处句意为“希望对它感兴趣的学生能够进行展台(stand)亲身体验”，名词作定语，故选G。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：所以我决定和音乐会的发起人合作发起一项活动：“任何能回答一个入门级环境问题的人都有资格参加音乐会。”根据文章分析，此处应该是音乐会的相关负责人与作者一起举办了活动，故可推知此处句意为“作者决定与音乐会发起人(promoter) 合作开展一项活动”，名词作宾语。故选H。 【37题详解】 考查形容词。句意：所以我决定和音乐会的发起人合作发起一项活动：“任何能回答一个入门级环境问题的人都有资格参加音乐会。”根据句子结构分析，此处应该填入对环境问题的修饰词，故此处句意为“任何能回答入门级(entry-level) 环境问题的人都有资格参加音乐会”，形容词作定语，故选B。 【38题详解】 考查动词。句意：很快音乐就能吸引他们来这里。据句子结构分析，此处缺少动词，而且根据上文提及的音乐会活动可知，此处句意为“很快音乐就把他们吸引(hook) 到这里来了”，故选I。 【39题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在过去，穷人在自然中起着主导作用，他们清理荒地，种植庄稼，繁衍文明。根据固定搭配可知，此处应填入一个形容词，而且根据上一句“The once rural civilization has been replaced by the urban civilization”可知，此处想要表达的是“在过去，穷人在大自然中起着主导 (dominant)作用”，故选J。 【40题详解】 考查动词。句意：是时候想想是谁赋予我们破坏自然的权力了。根据句子结构分析可知，此处为宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少谓语动词，而且结合上文作者提及的工业化和城市化带来的变化，可推知，此处句意“是时候想想是谁赋予了 (empowered)我们破坏自然的力量了”，故选K。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The misery of my bike commute in Calgary, Alberta, is the river valley hill. It’s not particularly steep, but at about a mile long, I rarely climbed up without arriving with sweat. Studies have shown the prospect of arriving at work sweaty is one of the biggest ___41___ to getting would be bike commuters out of their cars. That’s especially true in a city like Los Angeles, where ___42___ may face long routes, hills or hot streets with a lack of shade. “Pedelec”, or pedal electric-assisted bikes like the one I rode, can end that worry. They look and act like traditional bicycles, but their motors make pedaling much easier when required. Sometimes called the most energy-efficient motorized mode of transportation ever built, they’re also incredibly green. The biggest barrier may be the outdated attitude that sees bikes only as a recreational athletic opportunity rather than a practical ___43___ option. At a time when cities across North America are struggling to combat crippling traffic and reduce climate emissions, e-bikes have the ___44___ to ease both problems. And yet ridership has yet to truly ___45___ About 152, 0000 e-bikes were sold last year in the U.S., a figure that would be more than 5 million if Americans used them at the same rate as western Europeans. Many of the barriers to e-bike ___46___ in North America are legislative. Patchwork rules treat e-bikes more like mopeds than traditional pedal bikes in some jurisdictions, meaning they are ___47___ from bike lanes and from boarding public transportation. Few places on the continent, ___48___, are better poised to break through these barriers than California. Legislation was approved last year to encourage e-bike use, by legally differentiating the cycles from mopeds. In an attempt to head off worries about turbocharged machines flying down sidewalks and bike lanes at unsafe speeds, the law classifies bikes into different tiers to ___49___ lower-speed e-bikes, which top out at 20 mph, from faster-moving “speed pedelecs”, which are restricted from protected bike paths. Amid these legislative ___50___, e-bikes have become more accessible to consumer. Finding them in bike shops isn’t as ___51___ as it once was, and their cost has fallen as the price of lithiumion batteries has dropped. Today, a decent e-bike, while still ___52___,is comparable in price to a high-end mountain bike. After years of ___53___ over mixing pedal and motor power, cycling advocacy organizations also are finally throwing their support behind e-bikes. Dave Snyder, the executive director of the California Bicycle Coalition, ___54___ the state’s new legislation based partly on the ___55___ that e-bikes help out those who “just can’t ride as far or as fast as they need to”. 41. A. advantages B. processes C. barriers D. complements 42. A. riders B. builders C. customers D. volunteers 43. A. production B. communication C. facilities D. transportation 44. A. routine B. potential C. temporary D. major 45. A. make of B. carry on C. bring up D. take off 46. A. adaptation B. adoption C. adjustment D. justification 47. A. proved B. alerted C. banned D. authorized 48. A. however B. unless C. meanwhile D. anyway 49. A. originate B. combine C. separate D. satisfy 50. A. factors B. benefits C. limits D. damages 51. A. proper B. critical C. sensational D. difficult 52. A. expensive B. distinctive C. sensitive D. intensive 53. A. trouble B. concern C. power D. scale 54. A. favored B. folded C. referred D. gifted 55. A. appeal B. address C. amount D. advocate 【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. B 45. D 46. B 47. C 48. A 49. C 50. B 51. D 52. A 53. B 54. A 55. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了电动助力自行车的优势、面临的障碍及发展前景。 【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，上班时满身是汗的可能性是阻碍潜在自行车通勤者开车出门的最大障碍之一。A. advantages优势；B. processes过程；C. barriers障碍；D. complements补充物。前文描述骑自行车上班会出汗以及“to getting would-be bike commuters out of their cars”可知，上班时满身是汗是阻碍人们骑自行车上班的一个障碍。故选C。 【42题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在像洛杉矶这样的城市尤其如此，那里的骑行者可能会面临长途路线、山丘或缺乏遮荫的炎热街道。A. riders骑行者；B. builders建造者；C. customers顾客；D. volunteers志愿者。根据前文“getting would-be bike commuters out of their cars”可知，这里讨论的是骑自行车通勤的情况，所以是骑车的人会面临这些问题。故选A。 【43题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最大的障碍可能是过时的态度，即只把自行车视为一种娱乐运动机会，而不是一种实用的交通选择。A. production生产；B. communication交流；C. facilities设施；D. transportation交通。根据前文“getting would-be bike commuters out of their cars”可知，此处指的是把自行车作为一种交通方式。故选D。 【44题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在北美各大城市都在努力应对严重的交通拥堵和减少气候排放之际，电动自行车有潜力缓解这两个问题。A. routine常规；B. potential潜力；C. temporary暂时的；D. major主要的。根据后文“to ease both problems”可知，电动自行车有潜力缓解交通和气候问题。故选B。 【45题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，骑行人数尚未真正大量增加。A. make of理解；B. carry on继续；C. bring up提出；D. take off起飞，突然成功。根据后文“About 152, 0000 e-bikes were sold last year in the U.S.”可知，虽然电动自行车有潜力，但骑行人数尚未真正大量增加。故选D。 【46题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：北美电动自行车普及的许多障碍都是立法方面的。A. adaptation适应；B. adoption采用，普及；C. adjustment调整；D. justification正当化。根据后文“Patchwork rules treat e-bikes more like mopeds than traditional pedal bikes in some jurisdictions, meaning they are ___7___ from bike lanes and from boarding public transportation.”可知，此处指的是电动自行车在北美的普及面临的障碍。故选B。 【47题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一些司法管辖区，零碎的规定将电动自行车更视为轻便摩托车，而非传统脚踏自行车，这意味着它们被禁止进入自行车道和乘坐公共交通工具。A. proved证明；B. alerted警告；C. banned禁止；D. authorized授权。根据前文“treat e-bikes more like mopeds than traditional pedal bikes”可知，电动自行车在某些地方被禁止进入自行车道和乘坐公共交通工具。故选C。 【48题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在北美大陆上，很少有地方比加利福尼亚州更有条件突破这些障碍。A. however然而；B. unless除非；C. meanwhile同时；D. anyway无论如何。根据后文“are better poised to break through these barriers than California”可知，此处与前文形成转折关系，表示然而加利福尼亚州有条件突破这些障碍。故选A。 【49题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了消除人们对涡轮增压机器以不安全的速度在人行道和自行车道上飞驰的担忧，该法律将自行车分为不同的等级，以区分最高时速为20英里的低速电动自行车和速度更快的“高速电动自行车”，后者被禁止进入受保护的自行车道。A. originate起源；B. combine结合；C. separate区分；D. satisfy满足。根据后文“lower-speed e-bikes, which top out at 20 mph, from faster-moving “speed pedelecs””可知，此处指的是法律将自行车分为不同的等级以区分不同类型的电动自行车。故选C。 【50题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这些立法带来的好处中，电动自行车对消费者来说变得更加容易获得。A. factors因素；B. benefits好处；C. limits限制；D. damages损害。根据后文“e-bikes have become more accessible to consumer”可知，立法带来了一些对消费者有利的情况。故选B。 【51题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在自行车店找到它们不像以前那么难了，而且随着锂离子电池价格的下降，它们的成本也降低了。A. proper适当的；B. critical关键的；C. sensational轰动的；D. difficult困难的。根据后文“and their cost has fallen as the price of lithium-ion batteries has dropped”可知，随着价格的下降，找到电动自行车不再那么困难了。故选D。 【52题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今，一辆像样的电动自行车虽然仍然很贵，但价格与高端山地车相当。A. expensive昂贵的；B. distinctive独特的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. intensive密集的。根据后文“is comparable in price to a high-end mountain bike”可知，此处指的是电动自行车虽然价格有所下降，但仍然很贵。故选A。 【53题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在多年对混合踏板和电机动力的担忧之后，自行车倡导组织也终于开始支持电动自行车了。A. trouble麻烦；B. concern担忧；C. power力量；D. scale规模。根据后文“over mixing pedal and motor power, cycling advocacy organizations also are finally throwing their support behind e-bikes”可知，此处指人们对混合踏板和电机动力的担忧。故选B。 【54题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：加州自行车联盟执行主任Dave Snyder支持该州的新立法，部分原因是电动自行车帮助了那些“就是骑不了那么远或那么快的人”。A. favored支持；B. folded折叠；C. referred提及；D. gifted赠送。根据后文“ help out those who “just can’t ride as far or as fast as they need to”.”可知，Dave Snyder支持该州的新立法。故选A。 【55题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：加利福尼亚自行车联盟的执行董事戴夫・斯奈德支持该州的新立法，部分原因是电动自行车可以帮助那些 “就是不能骑得像他们需要的那么远或那么快的人”。A. appeal吸引力；B. address地址；C. amount数量；D. advocate主张，理由。根据后文“e-bikes help out those who “just can’t ride as far or as fast as they need to”” 可知，这是支持新立法的一个理由。故选D。 Section B Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， c and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Among all the different types of journey that people undertake there are also those of a spiritual nature.Some of the trips we do in our lives are purely for pleasure, some are meant to make us stronger, sometimes we travel to explore and learn, and in all of these undertakings we grow and become wiser. There is a lot we can learn from the land that surrounds us and the best way to acquire that knowledge is by traveling and experiencing.This ancient aboriginal initiation ritual involves exactly this：a long spiritual hike across the indigenous land.Although widely known as “Walkabout”in later years the ritual has been referred to as “temporary mobility” because the former is often used as a derogatory term in Australian culture. A young man on Walkabout Historically speaking, the walkabout is a rite of passage in which young (adolescent) Aboriginal Australians undertake a journey that will help “transform” them into adults.The journey is usually made between the ages of 10 and 16. During this journey which can last for up to six months, the individual is required to live and survive all alone in the wilderness. This is not an easy thing to do, especially not for teenagers.That is why only those who have proven themselves mentally and physically ready are allowed to proceed with the walkabout.Only the elders of the group decide whether it is time or not for the child to do it.The children are not completely unprepared for the journey. During the years before the walkabout, the elders instruct them and give them advice about the ceremony and adult life in general；they have been passed the “secrets” of the tribe,the knowledge about their world. Aboriginal woman Those who are initiated in the walkabout are also decorated with body paint and ornaments.Sometimes they are marked with a permanent symbol on their bodies.In some cases, a tooth is removed from the mouth, or the nose or ears of the initiated are pierced.Traditional walk about clothes include only a simple loin cloth and nothing more. During a walkabout, a young person can sometimes travel a distance of over a 1,000 miles. In order to survive this long hike,the participant in the walkabout must be able to make their own shelter and must be capable of procuring food and water for themselves. That means he needs to hunt,catch fish, and also recognize and utilize edible and healing plants.The initiated youngster must learn to identify plants such as bush tomatoes, Illawarra plums, quandongs, lilly-pillies, Muntari berries, wattle seeds, Kakadu plums,and bunya nuts. 56. What can be referred from the first two paragraphs of the passage？ A. Australians like to engage in all kinds of travel. B. People can gain knowledge through travel. C. Travel is usually purely for pleasure. D. Walkabout is a long spiritual journey. 57. What do we know about the young Aboriginal Australians？ A. All young Australians are required to live alone in the wilderness. B. The difficulties they experienced in hiking turned them into adults. C. Walkabout should only be done if they are mentally and physically prepared. D. Walkabout is an unprepared test for the young Aboriginal Australians. 58. According to the passage, what skill does a person need to acquire in the walkabout？ A. Identifying directions. B. Preserving physical strength. C. Planting plants. D. Hunting and fishing. 59. Which of the following options is true about walkabout？ A. Only people who have experienced torture are qualified to the walkabout. B. Women must decorate themselves with body paint and ornaments. C. To survive, the participants need to acquire certain survival skills. D. Indigenous women are not required to participate in the walkabout. 【答案】56. B 57. C 58. D 59. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。在人们所从事的各种不同类型的旅行中，也有一些是精神性质的旅行。文章说明了人们可以通过旅行获得知识，以及旅行途中可以学到的技能。 【56题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“There is a lot we can learn from the land that surrounds us and the best way to acquire that knowledge is by traveling and experiencing.(我们可以从周围的土地中学到很多东西，而获得这些知识的最好方式就是旅行和体验)”可推知，人们可以通过旅行获得知识。故选B。 【57题详解】 细节理解题。根据A young man on Walkabout下面第二段“This is not an easy thing to do, especially not for teenagers. That is why only those who have proven themselves mentally and physically ready are allowed to proceed with the walkabout.(这不是一件容易的事，尤其是对青少年来说。这就是为什么只有那些已经证明自己在精神上和身体上准备好了的人才被允许进行徒步旅行的原因)”可知，只有在精神上和身体上都有准备的情况下，年轻的澳大利亚土著才应该进行徒步旅行。故选C。 【58题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“That means he needs to hunt, catch fish, and also recognize and use edible and healing plants.(这意味着他需要打猎、捕鱼，还需要识别和使用可食用和治疗的植物)”可知，一个人在徒步旅行中需要获得狩猎和钓鱼技能。故选D。 【59题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In order to survive this long hike, the participant in the walkabout must be able to make their own shelter and must be capable of obtaining food and water for themselves.(为了在这次长途徒步旅行中幸存下来，徒步旅行的参与者必须能够自己建造住所，必须能够为自己获得食物和水)”可知，C选项“为了生存，参与者需要掌握一定的生存技能”正确。故选C。 (B) xMAP Technology allows users to perform a wide range of protein-and nucleic acid-based multiplex assays, which can simultaneously detect up to 500 targets in a single run. Key Advantages of xMAP Technology： •Test for more biomarkers. •Develop custom assays. •Use less sample. •Save time and reagents. •Gain a better understanding of complex biological systems. •Order from thousands of predesigned kits from our Partners. xMAP Technology: The Science What is multiplexing? Multiplexing is a method for high-volume biomarker testing—or testing multiple analytes simultaneously within a single run—using a single sample volume. xMAP Technology is best-suited for testing 3—500 targets. How does xMAP Technology work? xMAP Technology uses labeled microspheres or beads, allowing for the simultaneous capture of multiple analytes from a single reaction. Because of their small size and low density, xMAP microsphere-based assays exhibit virtual solution-phase kinetics during the reaction. The beads are individually read using an xMAP instrument. What does xMAP mean? Multi-Analyte Profiling, where the “x” represents the biomarkers (such as proteins, nucleic acids, or polysaccharides) that are being tested. xMAP Beads xMAP beads come in a variety of formats, including magnetic (MagPlex) and non-magnetic (MicroPlex) beads. xMAP beads pass through a red laser, or LED, which excites the internal dyes to distinguish the microsphere set. Then, a green laser or LED excites the fluorescent reporter dye to determine the result of the assay. xMAP Applications xMAP in Action Explore xMAP Technology and discover some of the many applications used by multiplexing research experts across the globe： xMAP Assay Automation: Automation can boost productivity, minimize errors, and save on reagents. Immunogenicity: By using xMAP Technology, researchers can consolidate multiple assays into one for more efficient immune response studies. Bead-Based Multiplexing vs.Electrochemiluminescence: Bead-based multiplexing offers significantly higher plex capacity, requires less hands-on time, and delivers superior results compared to traditional methods. Generate more data while saving sample, time, and reagents xMAP beads come in a variety of formats. The MagPlex Microspheres—6.5 micron superparamagnetic beads that are dyed with three red and infrared fluorescent dyes, resulting in 500 distinctly colored bead sets—are our most versatile and efficient microspheres for high-plex applications. Approximately 108 surface carboxyI groups (COOH) cover the surface of the bead and serve as covalent attachments for capture ligands. A fluorescent reporter is coupled to a target molecule, which allows its detection after specific capture on the microsphere surface. 60. According to the passage, what is xMAP？ A. A mind map. B. A test method. C. A navigation map. D. An application. 61. All of the following are advantages of xMAP, except ______. A. developing custom analysis B. forming a network structure C. generating more data D. saving samples and reagents 62. Which of the following options is correct？ A. The xMAP beads distinguish groups of microspheres by a blue laser. B. xMAP allows for the capture of a single analyte from multiple reactions. C. xMAP technology is used more in the experimental phase. D. The “x” in xMAP represents the biomarkers being tested. 【答案】60. B 61. B 62. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是xMAP技术的原理、优势、工作方式、珠子类型、应用及其在生物检测领域的广泛应用。 【60题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“xMAP Technology allows users to perform a wide range of protein-and nucleic acid-based multiplex assays, which can simultaneously detect up to 500 targets in a single run.(xMAP技术可让用户开展多种基于蛋白质和核酸的多重检测（分析）实验，能够在一个检测流程中同时检测多达500个目标（物质）。)”可知，xMAP是一种检测方法。故选B。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据Key Advantages of xMAP Technology:部分“•Test for more biomarkers.•Develop custom assays.•Use less sample.•Save time and reagents.•Gain a better understanding of complex biological systems.•Order from thousands of predesigned kits from our Partners.(• 检测更多种生物标志物。• 开发定制化检测（分析）方法。• 所需样本量更少。• 节省时间和试剂。• 更好地理解复杂的生物系统。• 可从我们合作伙伴提供的数千种预设计试剂盒中进行选购。)”可知A，C，D都是xMAP的优点，B“形成网络结构”不是。故选B。 【62题详解】 细节理解题。根据xMAP Technology: The Science部分第三段“What does xMAP mean? Multi-Analyte Profiling, where the “x” represents the biomarkers (such as proteins, nucleic acids, or polysaccharides) that are being tested.(xMAP 是什么意思？xMAP 代表多分析物检测（Multi-Analyte Profiling），其中字母“x”代表正在被检测的生物标志物（如蛋白质、核酸或多糖）。)”可知，xMAP中的“x”代表被检测的生物标志物。故选D。 (C) Life without access to energy is simply miserable. Accessing energy is the single most important factor in improving the lives of individuals and increasing the economic opportunities available in their communities. Access to lighting transforms education from outdoors during the day, to indoors and anytime! A simple refrigerator can transform a fruit stand to a grocery store. Reliable electricity allows businesses to stay open and ultimately provides the cornerstone that allows industries to form. There is a dominant school of thought that energy access can be achieved around the world with only carbon-free sources. This paradigm envisions effectively “leapfrogging” traditional development patterns, skipping industrialization, and transforming economies with green energy and a service economy. While compelling in theory, this vision lacks several critical factors; the need to manufacture the goods that will build the economy, the scalability of energy sources, and the affordability of that energy. This transformation is currently underway and its progress is inevitable. The urgency is created by individuals current, difficult conditions and the availability of abundant, affordable energy, particularly coal. All new energy demand will come from the developing world. Without a thoughtful conversation about the projected doubling of world energy demand, energy consumption will continue as it is currently underway, in two parallel paths. One path prioritizes carbon-free sources, and sets goals and policies that incentivize those. The other path responds to the supply and demand inherent in a world economy and is resulting in the massive development of coal-fired electricity generation. The reality of energy development can be summarized in the example of India’s projected energy development. By 2022, India is planning 100 GW of new solar and a relatively tiny 50 MW of new coal. However, a simple calculation of the likely emissions of these two new sources of energy conducted by a colleague at Stanford indicates that if all this new electricity generation came from natural gas, the result would be 20 percent fewer emissions. This is a conversation worth having. Although not a carbon-free source, natural gas has a transformative role to play in the energizing of developing nations. Abundantly available around the world, and more transportable than ever, a world natural gas market is creating a more stable, affordable supply. As an electricity generation fuel, it is both a base load alternative to coal and a backup for renewable generation. In this capacity, natural gas provides carbon and non-carbon air emissions benefits. When used as a transportation fuel, natural gas provides significant air quality benefit to traditional fuels and can be equally affordable. When deployed as a cooking fuel, liquefied petroleum gas(LPG), provides dramatic health benefits and could reduce the unnecessary 4 million annual deaths attributed to cooking over inefficient, biomass fuels. As an economic cornerstone, natural gas can empower industrial development as a chemical feed-stock fertilizer component, direct energy source, and electricity provider. 63. Which of the following is the view of the dominant school? A. We must actively develop manufacturing industry to promote economic development. B. Energy affordability should be fully considered in the process of economic development C. Developed countries don't have to worry about energy because of overcapacity. D. Only carbon-free sources can achieve energy access in the world. 64. Why is it urgent for developing countries to have access to energy? A. Because of insufficient availability energy supply. B. Because of rapid population growth. C. Because of huge consumption of renewable energy. D. Because of serious environmental pollution. 65. Which of the following statements is wrong about natural gas? A. Natural gas resources are abundant all over the world. B. Natural gas is not only a substitute for coal but a renewable energy. C. Natural gas is good for the air as a traditional fuel. D. Natural gas can be used to promote industrial development. 66. According to the passage, which of the following statements is correct? A. Traditional heating water to cook rice can be life-threatening. B. Natural gas is a kind of carbon-free energy. C. Energy consumption can only continue in the same way as before. D. Reducing energy poverty is the common goal of mankind. 【答案】63. D 64. A 65. B 66. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍能源对生活的重要性，以及发展中国家能源选择的问题。 【63题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“There is a dominant school of thought that energy access can be achieved around the world with only carbon-free sources. (有一种主流观点认为，只有无碳资源，世界各地才能获得能源)”可知，有一种主流观点认为，只有无碳资源，世界各地才能获得能源。故选D。 【64题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The urgency is created by individuals current, difficult conditions and the availability of abundant, affordable energy, particularly coal. (这种紧迫性是由个人当前的困难条件以及丰富、负担得起的能源，特别是煤炭的可用性造成的)”可知，发展中国家迫切需要获得能源是由于可用能源供应不足。故选A。 【65题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“As an electricity generation fuel, it is both a base load alternative to coal and a backup for renewable generation. (作为发电燃料，它既是煤炭的基本替代品，也是可再生发电的备用燃料)”可知，天然气是煤的替代品，但不是一种可再生能源。所以B选项错误。故选B。 【66题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Life without access to energy is simply miserable. Accessing energy is the single most important factor in improving the lives of individuals and increasing the economic opportunities available in their communities. (没有能源的生活简直是悲惨的。获得能源是改善个人生活和增加社区经济机会的最重要因素)”可知，因此减少能源贫困是人类的共同目标。故选D。 Section C Directions： Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Too Big, Too Expensive and Too Silly — Why Video Game Movies Fail Film adaptations of video games have fallen on the unsuspecting viewing public like a Drop Bear.At first they look harmless enough, but they often leave viewers bruised and regretful. These movies are plentiful. ___67___ Yet despite big budgets and quality talent both in front of and behind the camera, most video game movies are commercial and critical failures. ___68___ The answer comes down to a complex mix of conflicting audience demands and commercial realities. Video game movies often assume that the audience wants, or is interested in, the game’s legend and background. In fairness, this is out of fear that fans will? Criticise legend changes, alienating a key demographic. But games reveal legend progressively over tens of hours of gameplay, whereas movies have a small portion of that time. This tension risks creating boring exposition and complex story lines. For example, Warcraft details the origins of conflict between humans and orcs (兽), the central conflict in the game’s world. ___69___ Additionally, excessive adherence to the source material extends to using silly plot devices without spending enough time establishing proper reasons for their existence. In games, these can work due to the “unspoken but commonly understood logic of ‘this is a video game’”. In a game, people accept inconsistent narrative devices because they facilitate interesting interaction and are the quickest route towards allowing gamers to, say, shoot hell-monsters on Mars. The game series became increasingly complex , as the player-controlled protagonist (主角) parkoured his way through time periods like Renaissance Italy and Revolutionary America. The incredibility of the narrative world paled beside the fun of vaulting from rooftop to rooftop in15th-century Florence. ___70___ The plot — an original story which retains the key elements of the games — was criticized as “scattered and fractured”, “ hastily explained” and “ disorienting”. Vanity Fair pointed out that. It’s not clear why any of this is happening“ and RogerEbert.com summed it up as：Characters[talking] in quiet whispers about the complex methods they use to realize their poorly-hidden agendas. A. So why do these movies fail? B. The film, in contrast, failed to bring its audience along for the ride. C. Game adaptations” issues seem not to be due to a lack of resources. D. But the return on investment is not encouraging, with a number failing to recoup costs. E. The potential to appeal to a devoted fan base makes these movies an attractive prospect. F. However, a common criticism was that it was full of boring exposition and mostly uninteresting characters. 【答案】67. E 68. A 69. F 70. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者分析了由电子游戏改编的电影失败的原因。 【67题详解】 根据前句“These movies are plentiful.(这些电影很多)”可知，本句承接前文改编自电子游戏的电影的话题，介绍这种电影的优势，故E选项“吸引忠实影迷的潜力使这些电影成为一个有吸引力的前景”符合语境。故选E。 【68题详解】 根据后句“The answer comes down to a complex mix of conflicting audience demands and commercial realities.(答案归结为冲突的观众需求和商业现实的复杂组合)”可知，和后文构成问答关系，分析这些电影会失败的原因，A选项“为什么这些电影会失败呢”符合语境。故选A。 【69题详解】 根据前句“For example, Warcraft details the origins of conflict between humans and orcs, the central conflict in the game’s world.(例如，《魔兽争霸》详细描述了人类和兽人之间冲突的起源，游戏世界中的核心冲突)”以及下一段“Additionally, excessive adherence to the source material extends to using silly plot devices without spending enough time establishing proper reasons for their existence.(此外，过度依赖原始材料会导致使用愚蠢的情节装置，而没有花足够的时间为它们的存在建立合理的理由)”可知，本句和前文构成转折关系，和后句一起分析这类电影的缺点，故F选项“然而，一个常见的批评是，它充满了无聊的论述和大多无趣的人物”符合语境。故选F。 【70题详解】 根据上一段最后一句“The incredibility of the narrative world paled beside the fun of vaulting from rooftop to rooftop in15th-century Florence.(叙事世界的不可思议与15世纪佛罗伦萨从屋顶跳到屋顶的乐趣相比相形见绌)”以及后句“The plot — an original story which retains the key elements of the games — was criticized as “scattered and fractured”, “ hastily explained” and “ disorienting”. (原著保留了游戏的关键元素，但被批评为“支离破碎”、“解释草率”和“迷失方向”)”可知，本句和前文构成对比，后句解释这部电影没能吸引观众的原因，B选项“相比之下，这部电影没能吸引观众”符合语境，故选B。 71. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Fluido,a Texas-based analytics company,recently released its new product,called FluidoPlus for free. It connects retailers (零售商) to a cloud-based analytics service using Wi-Fi. They then collect information about customers behaviour by monitoring the media access code (MAC) in every smart phone that enters the stores. This means that stores will be able to implement an analytics package to receive information that could help guide their marketing. With the information，store managers can measure the number of people who walk past the store and the number who come through the front door. Also, this information includes whether or not these people come in immediately or are convinced to do so by the shop front. Fluido Plus has received a lot of criticism from consumers concerned about their privacy being invaded. But Fluido assures that the MAC data is scrambled, which means that no personally identifiable information is collected. The company also points to the fact that Fluido is a part of the group that initiated the Mobile Location Analytics code of conduct. These sets of rules require companies to receive customers’ agreement before they can collect any personal information. Emily Carrless, a senior director at the NO Watching Please Co, believes that this technology ignores customers’ privacy. “This is a clear example of profit outweighing privacy,” she said. The use of tracking technology by shops in order to provide a better or more personal service seems totally disproportionate. Carrless also stressed the importance of customer awareness. She said that while tracking technology was still developing, there was an obvious goal in mind to identify individuals. Companies like Fluido won’t stop at the general information like the number of customers who walk into stores. The long game is about identifying individuals, and this technologies is very close to enabling Fluido to do that. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Fluido released FluidoPlus, a product collecting information about customers by monitoring the MAC, thus helping analyzing their behavior to promote marketing. Fluido assures consumers of scrambled MAC and essential customers’ agreement. However, Carrless believes that Fuido prefers profit to privacy and it will identify individuals one day, so consumer awareness is important. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Fuido最近发布的新产品FluidoPlus的作用，和消费者对此的态度。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Fluido, a Texas-based analytics company, recently released its new product, called FluidoPlus for free. ②They then collect information about customers behaviour by monitoring the media access code (MAC) in every smart phone that enters the stores. This means that stores will be able to implement an analytics package to receive information that could help guide their marketing. ③Fluido Plus has received a lot of criticism from consumers concerned about their privacy being invaded. But Fluido assures that the MAC data is scrambled, which means that no personally identifiable information is collected. ④Emily Carrless, a senior director at the NO Watching Please Co, believes that this technology ignores customers’ privacy. “This is a clear example of profit outweighing privacy,” she said. The use of tracking technology by shops in order to provide a better or more personal service seems totally disproportionate. Carrless also stressed the importance of customer awareness. 2.缜密构思 将①、②两个要点进行整合。将③、④两个要点进行重组。 3.遣词造句 Fluido released FluidoPlus, a product collecting information about customers by monitoring the MAC, thus helping analyzing their behavior to promote marketing. Fluido assures consumers of scrambled MAC and essential customers’ agreement. However, Carrless believes that Fuido prefers profit to privacy and it will identify individuals one day, so consumer awareness is important. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Fluido released FluidoPlus, a product collecting information about customers by monitoring the MAC, thus helping analyzing their behavior to promote marketing.（运用了非谓语动词，对原文第一段进行了概括。其中现在分词collecting作定语、现在分词helping作结果状语，不定式to promote作目的状语，表达非常高级） 【高分句型2】However, Carrless believes that Fuido prefers profit to privacy and it will identify individuals one day, so consumer awareness is important. （运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第三段进行了概括。其中that引导的宾语从句，表达非常高级） V. Translation Directions： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets. 72. 羽毛球馆里空无一人，为什么灯还亮着？ (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】Since there is none/no one in the badminton stadium, how come the lights are still on? 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句和固定句型。句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时态，表示“在羽毛球馆里”应译为in the badminton stadium；“空无一人”表示的是存在，所以使用there be句型，应译为there is none/no one；根据句意可知，主从句表示的是因果关系，所以使用since“既然”引导原因状语从句；表示“为什么，怎么回事儿”应译为how come；表示“灯还亮着”应译为the lights are still on。故翻译为Since there is none/no one in the badminton stadium, how come the lights are still on? 73. 我花费了三天时间画了一幅风景画，庆贺我曾祖父的百年大寿。（ take）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】It took/takes me three days to paint a landscape to congratulate on my great grandfather’s 100th birthday. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型。表示“花费某人多长时间做某事”用固定句型it takes/took sb. some time to do sth.，其中it为形式主语，不定式作真正的主语，这里可以陈述一个事实，时态用一般现在时，谓语用takes，也可以表示过去发生的动作，时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式took 。表示“我”用me，作宾语。表示“三天时间”用three days。表示“画”用paint，用不定式，作真正的主语。表示“一幅风景画”用a landscape，作paint的宾语。表示“庆贺……”用congratulate on，这里用不定式to congratulate on，作目的状语。表示“我曾祖父的百年大寿”用my great grandfather’s 100th birthday，作congratulate on的宾语。故翻译为It took/takes me three days to paint a landscape to congratulate on my great grandfather’s 100th birthday. 74. 载人飞船在太空遨游一周后，终于安全着陆，那一刻，原本寂静无声的发射中心一片欢腾。(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】The instant the manned spacecraft landed safely after a week’s travel in space, the previously silent launching center burst into cheers. 【解析】 【详解】考查时间状语从句和时态。根据句意可使用the instant引导的时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”，从句主语载人飞船译为“the manned spacecraft”，谓语用动词land，用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情，安全用副词safely修饰动词，遨游一周后为时间状语，译为“after a week’s travel”，在太空为地点状语，译为“in space ”，主句主语是原本寂静无声的发射中心译为“the previously silent launching center ”，一片欢腾谓语用短语burst into cheers。故翻译为The instant the manned spacecraft landed safely after a week’s travel in space, the previously silent launching center burst into cheers. 75. 小河蜿蜒流淌，陪伴了世代居住在这里的村民，见证了村庄的日新月异。（company）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】The winding stream that keeps the villagers company, who have lived there for generations, is a witness of/has witnessed the constant changes of this village. 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句，时态，名词和短语。主语是这条小河蜿蜒流淌，也就是这条蜿蜒流淌的小河，译为“The winding stream”，与村民朝夕相伴，用定语从句修饰名词小河，主谓一致，译为“that keeps the villagers company”，世代居住于此再用非限制性定语从句修饰先行词村民，进行补充说明，译为“who have lived there for generations”，主句谓语“见证了”，可以用一般现在时或者现在完成时，译为“is a witness of/has witnessed”，宾语村庄的日新月异，译为“the constant changes of this village”，故翻译为The winding stream that keeps the villagers company, who have lived there for generations, is a witness of/has witnessed the constant changes of this village. 76. Guided Writing Directions :Write an English composition in 120- -150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学的高三学生王佳，你学校的教师Lucy准备在高中开设关于信息素养(information literacy)的课程。课程包含以下四个板块：网站设计、大数据处理、辨别真伪信息和精确搜索信息。现在向全体同学征求建议。请你给她写一份电子邮件 ，要求： （1）选择两个你感兴趣的板块； （2）说明为什么选择这个板块的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear students , I am very glad to hear that Lucy, a teacher in our school, is going to open a course on information literacy in high school, which has four parts, including Website Design, Big Data Processing, Authenticity of information, Accurate check of information. I would like to choose Authenticity of information and Accurate check of information. The reasons for my choice are as follows. First of all, Information Literacy is the ability to know when there is a need for information, to be able to identify, locate, evaluate, and effectively use that information for the issue or problem at hand. Secondly, it is so important for students to distinguish a real story from a fake one given the mass of information available on the web.Thirdly, Authenticity of information and Accurate check of information are not just about a technology that we should acquire, instead learning them is about an attitude and moral accomplishment, which require us to cultivate from childhood. To sum up, we should keep pace with the times and technology to improve our ability to identify and filter information. The future era requires us not only to find numerous information, but more importantly, to identify the truly useful information. As for Website Design, Big Data Processing, they are just technology tools, and we could know about them at any time if we want to master them. Yours， Wang Jia 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。考生所在学校的教师Lucy准备在高中开设关于信息素养(information literacy)的课程。现在向全体同学征求建议。请你给她写一份电子邮件。 【详解】1.词汇积累 包括：include→contain 选择：choose→select 重要：important→significant 获得：acquire→gain 2.句式拓展 同义句 原句：I would like to choose Authenticity of information and Accurate check of information.. 拓展句：As far as I am concerned, I am willing to choose Authenticity of information and Accurate check of information. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Thirdly, Authenticity of information and Accurate check of information are not just about a technology that we should acquire, instead learning them is about an attitude and moral accomplishment, which require us to cultivate from childhood. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] As for Website Design, Big Data Processing, they are just technology tools, and we could know about them at any time if we want to master them. (运用了if引导的条件状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2021年上海市高考英语试卷（1月份） I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions： In Section A， you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation， a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it， read the four possible answers on your paper， and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Fresh. B. Salty. C. Tender. D. Dry. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. A luxurious tie. B. A set of classic works. C. A red scarf. D. A wallet. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. In a barbershop. B. In the cinema. C. In the mall. D. In the library. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The boy stayed up all night. B. The boy came home too early. C. The boy is forgiven. D. The boy didn’t go home at night. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She will accompany the man who asks questions. B. She also doesn’t know the meaning of the term. C. She sympathized with the man very much. D. She is well aware of the meaning of the newly coined term. 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She needs to hurry. B. The alarm clock didn’t ring. C. She broke the alarm clock. D She is late for school. 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. ﹩10，000. B. ¥ 11 ，000. C. ¥ 12 ，000. D. ﹩11 ，000 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He couldn’t offer help because of his foot injury. B. He can’t stand the noise of these boxes moving. C. He can’t stand the woman carrying these boxes. D. He doesn’t want to carry the box down from the fifth floor. 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He is just an ordinary man, not a hero. B. He wants the woman to publicize his deeds. C. He has already finished financial aid for students. D. He wants the woman to keep it a secret. 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The woman likes to take a shower before going to bed. B. The man can’t have a shower before going to bed. C. Hot water is supplied in the hotel until 10 p.m.in winter. D. The hotel still supplies hot water after 10 p.m. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. Have a professional energy checkup. B. Update all the household appliances. C. Make a do-it-yourself home energy checkup. D. Find the leaks on the outside of your home. 12. A. Because it can help you save energy in a house. B. Because it can help you decide where should be upgraded first. C. Because it can help you remember where you have inspected. D. Because it can help you reduce the air leaks. 13. A. How to choose a professional energy checkup. B. How to conduct the home energy checkup. C. How to make a list of obvious air leaks. D. How to save energy in your home. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. To make people remember him. B. To show his excellent talent. C. To remember the moments in university. D. To recall his childhood. 15. A. It used some advanced narrative skills. B. It is easy to understand the deep meaning. C. It has a kind of bell ringing quality. D. It is suitable to recite aloud with expression. 16. A. He likes to compose poems at quiet corners. B. He graduated from Harvard University in 1995. C. He wrote only two poems in his life. D. He had a good time at Harvard. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. His office is richly decorated. B. He has used this office for a week. C. His office is very modem. D. His office space is spacious enough. 18. A. To record his trip next week. B. To communicate with overseas scholars. C. To collect cost-effective web cameras. D. To record the contents of the report file. 19. A A chair that rises up and down and has arms. B. A modem simple chair. C. A folded chair without a handle. D. A second-hand solid wood chair. 20. A. How to choose a web camera. B. How to prepare for an online meeting report. C. How to improve Professor White’s office. D. How to decorate Professor White’s office. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank. Why Being in a Band Is Cool When you were younger, a piano lesson may have ruined your day. Carrying a flute (长笛) from class to class just for a half-hour lesson ____21____ have seemed pointless. But as you enter the adult world suddenly you realize that knowing how to play an instrument is pretty cool. Yes, even the flute. So, what makes being in a band so cool? Is it because you get to go on stage and play to millions of adoring fans? Well, yes, but it’ll be a few years before your dodgy rendition of ‘Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star’ starts to resemble a Mozart symphony. ____22____ talented you’ve been in music it’s still not easy to organize a band, but here’s a quick guide to get you started: 1) Find your members. You’ll need a drummer, a guitarist, a bass guitarist and a singer. Any other instruments are a bonus. This is where ____23____ (play) the flute comes in, if you can make playing the flute cool, you deserve all the fame and fortune in the world! 2) Organize a band practice. If you are lucky enough to have a band member ____24____ a drum kit and parents who are hard of hearing, you can practise at home for free. Otherwise, you’ll need to find a local studio ____25____ can be expensive. ____26____ (divide) the cost equally, including the cost of hiring any equipment such as cymbals for the drummer, you rock together, you roll together ! 3) Be productive. If you’re paying for a studio, the last thing you want is to spend it catching up with each other, so meet half an hour in advance to get all the chatting ____27____ (finish). 4) Agree on songs to learn, and learn them! Each band member should choose a song for the whole band ____28____ (learn) ready for rehearsal. This will allow you to see ____29____ genres (类型) work for your group. (5) Start writing. Once you know what music works for you, start writing! You can do this individually or as a band but the most important thing is to respect other people’s songs. It’s very rare to find ______30______ who isn’t shy about sharing their first few pieces of writing, so be nice! If that sounds like a lot of hard work, then you’re right! If it also sounds like a lot of fun, get stated! But what is it that makes all that hard work worth it? Being in a band teaches you precious life lessons. It is a fun way of learning about how to share opinions respectfully, be creative, become more confident and work as a team. Once you can do that you’ll be well on your way to finding what it is about you that makes you unique, special and cool! Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. applauding B. entry-level C. struck D. fascination E. back-seat F. stuck G. stand H. promoter I. hook J. dominant K. empowered The nature is part of us. Therefore, it holds a mysterious ____31____ for me. In my memory, the valley was quiet and calm, only to see the wheat all over the mountains waving together in rhythm when the wind blew through, like a ballet troupe. The sun rose every morning as usual, sweeping across the valley and ultimately falling behind the peaks. The snow that falls in winter always melts in spring, bringing new hope to this nature where everything was pleasant and beautiful. Led by fate, I have became an environmentalist and had the honor of being invited to address students about my green lifestyle for a long time. The students were surprised at my lifestyle and maybe they thought my lifestyle was no longer suitable for modern life. Fortunately, they were still listened to whole lecture, saluting or ____32____ me——to some extent the applause implied their encouragement to me. As I began to interact with them under the stage, I was ____33____ by kids’ lack of knowledge of nature so that they had little knowledge of protecting environment. After the address, I put up a stand in the ____34____ offering green food, hoping them interested in it to get the ____35____ experiencing a first-hand feeling of the green lifestyle no one shows any interest in. So I decided to team up with the concert ____36____ to run a campaign: “anyone who can answer a(n) ____37____ environmental question is qualified to attend the concert. Soon the music can ____38____ them coming here”. Since then , I have been considering why kids today do not have the same deep appreciation for nature that I do. One of the significant factors may be that the former rural civilization has been replaced by the urban civilization. In the past, the poor played the ____39____ role in the nature, so they cleared the wasteland, planted crops and reproduced civilization. With the massive invasion of industrialization and urbanization, people were forced to move away from nature. The struggle between tradition and modernity, the confrontation between humans and nature has led people to believe that they are the masters of the universe. Is this really the case? It is time to think about who ____40____ us to destroy nature. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The misery of my bike commute in Calgary, Alberta, is the river valley hill. It’s not particularly steep, but at about a mile long, I rarely climbed up without arriving with sweat. Studies have shown the prospect of arriving at work sweaty is one of the biggest ___41___ to getting would be bike commuters out of their cars. That’s especially true in a city like Los Angeles, where ___42___ may face long routes, hills or hot streets with a lack of shade. “Pedelec”, or pedal electric-assisted bikes like the one I rode, can end that worry. They look and act like traditional bicycles, but their motors make pedaling much easier when required. Sometimes called the most energy-efficient motorized mode of transportation ever built, they’re also incredibly green. The biggest barrier may be the outdated attitude that sees bikes only as a recreational athletic opportunity rather than a practical ___43___ option. At a time when cities across North America are struggling to combat crippling traffic and reduce climate emissions, e-bikes have the ___44___ to ease both problems. And yet ridership has yet to truly ___45___ About 152, 0000 e-bikes were sold last year in the U.S., a figure that would be more than 5 million if Americans used them at the same rate as western Europeans. Many of the barriers to e-bike ___46___ in North America are legislative. Patchwork rules treat e-bikes more like mopeds than traditional pedal bikes in some jurisdictions, meaning they are ___47___ from bike lanes and from boarding public transportation. Few places on the continent, ___48___, are better poised to break through these barriers than California. Legislation was approved last year to encourage e-bike use, by legally differentiating the cycles from mopeds. In an attempt to head off worries about turbocharged machines flying down sidewalks and bike lanes at unsafe speeds, the law classifies bikes into different tiers to ___49___ lower-speed e-bikes, which top out at 20 mph, from faster-moving “speed pedelecs”, which are restricted from protected bike paths. Amid these legislative ___50___, e-bikes have become more accessible to consumer. Finding them in bike shops isn’t as ___51___ as it once was, and their cost has fallen as the price of lithiumion batteries has dropped. Today, a decent e-bike, while still ___52___,is comparable in price to a high-end mountain bike. After years of ___53___ over mixing pedal and motor power, cycling advocacy organizations also are finally throwing their support behind e-bikes. Dave Snyder, the executive director of the California Bicycle Coalition, ___54___ the state’s new legislation based partly on the ___55___ that e-bikes help out those who “just can’t ride as far or as fast as they need to”. 41. A. advantages B. processes C. barriers D. complements 42. A. riders B. builders C. customers D. volunteers 43. A. production B. communication C. facilities D. transportation 44. A. routine B. potential C. temporary D. major 45. A. make of B. carry on C. bring up D. take off 46. A. adaptation B. adoption C. adjustment D. justification 47. A. proved B. alerted C. banned D. authorized 48. A. however B. unless C. meanwhile D. anyway 49. A. originate B. combine C. separate D. satisfy 50. A. factors B. benefits C. limits D. damages 51. A. proper B. critical C. sensational D. difficult 52. A. expensive B. distinctive C. sensitive D. intensive 53. A. trouble B. concern C. power D. scale 54. A. favored B. folded C. referred D. gifted 55 A. appeal B. address C. amount D. advocate Section B Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， c and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Among all the different types of journey that people undertake there are also those of a spiritual nature.Some of the trips we do in our lives are purely for pleasure, some are meant to make us stronger, sometimes we travel to explore and learn, and in all of these undertakings we grow and become wiser. There is a lot we can learn from the land that surrounds us and the best way to acquire that knowledge is by traveling and experiencing.This ancient aboriginal initiation ritual involves exactly this：a long spiritual hike across the indigenous land.Although widely known as “Walkabout”in later years the ritual has been referred to as “temporary mobility” because the former is often used as a derogatory term in Australian culture. A young man on Walkabout Historically speaking, the walkabout is a rite of passage in which young (adolescent) Aboriginal Australians undertake a journey that will help “transform” them into adults.The journey is usually made between the ages of 10 and 16. During this journey which can last for up to six months, the individual is required to live and survive all alone in the wilderness. This is not an easy thing to do, especially not for teenagers.That is why only those who have proven themselves mentally and physically ready are allowed to proceed with the walkabout.Only the elders of the group decide whether it is time or not for the child to do it.The children are not completely unprepared for the journey. During the years before the walkabout, the elders instruct them and give them advice about the ceremony and adult life in general；they have been passed the “secrets” of the tribe,the knowledge about their world. Aboriginal woman Those who are initiated in the walkabout are also decorated with body paint and ornaments.Sometimes they are marked with a permanent symbol on their bodies.In some cases, a tooth is removed from the mouth, or the nose or ears of the initiated are pierced.Traditional walk about clothes include only a simple loin cloth and nothing more. During a walkabout, a young person can sometimes travel a distance of over a 1,000 miles. In order to survive this long hike,the participant in the walkabout must be able to make their own shelter and must be capable of procuring food and water for themselves. That means he needs to hunt,catch fish, and also recognize and utilize edible and healing plants.The initiated youngster must learn to identify plants such as bush tomatoes, Illawarra plums, quandongs, lilly-pillies, Muntari berries, wattle seeds, Kakadu plums,and bunya nuts. 56. What can be referred from the first two paragraphs of the passage？ A. Australians like to engage in all kinds of travel. B. People can gain knowledge through travel. C. Travel is usually purely for pleasure. D. Walkabout is a long spiritual journey. 57. What do we know about the young Aboriginal Australians？ A. All young Australians are required to live alone in the wilderness. B. The difficulties they experienced in hiking turned them into adults. C. Walkabout should only be done if they are mentally and physically prepared. D. Walkabout is an unprepared test for the young Aboriginal Australians. 58. According to the passage, what skill does a person need to acquire in the walkabout？ A. Identifying directions. B. Preserving physical strength. C. Planting plants. D. Hunting and fishing. 59. Which of the following options is true about walkabout？ A Only people who have experienced torture are qualified to the walkabout. B. Women must decorate themselves with body paint and ornaments. C. To survive, the participants need to acquire certain survival skills. D. Indigenous women are not required to participate in the walkabout. (B) xMAP Technology allows users to perform a wide range of protein-and nucleic acid-based multiplex assays, which can simultaneously detect up to 500 targets in a single run. Key Advantages of xMAP Technology： •Test for more biomarkers. •Develop custom assays. •Use less sample. •Save time and reagents. •Gain a better understanding of complex biological systems. •Order from thousands of predesigned kits from our Partners. xMAP Technology: The Science What is multiplexing? Multiplexing is a method for high-volume biomarker testing—or testing multiple analytes simultaneously within a single run—using a single sample volume. xMAP Technology is best-suited for testing 3—500 targets. How does xMAP Technology work? xMAP Technology uses labeled microspheres or beads, allowing for the simultaneous capture of multiple analytes from a single reaction. Because of their small size and low density, xMAP microsphere-based assays exhibit virtual solution-phase kinetics during the reaction. The beads are individually read using an xMAP instrument. What does xMAP mean? Multi-Analyte Profiling, where the “x” represents the biomarkers (such as proteins, nucleic acids, or polysaccharides) that are being tested. xMAP Beads xMAP beads come in a variety of formats, including magnetic (MagPlex) and non-magnetic (MicroPlex) beads. xMAP beads pass through a red laser, or LED, which excites the internal dyes to distinguish the microsphere set. Then, a green laser or LED excites the fluorescent reporter dye to determine the result of the assay. xMAP Applications xMAP in Action Explore xMAP Technology and discover some of the many applications used by multiplexing research experts across the globe： xMAP Assay Automation: Automation can boost productivity, minimize errors, and save on reagents. Immunogenicity: By using xMAP Technology, researchers can consolidate multiple assays into one for more efficient immune response studies. Bead-Based Multiplexing vs.Electrochemiluminescence: Bead-based multiplexing offers significantly higher plex capacity, requires less hands-on time, and delivers superior results compared to traditional methods. Generate more data while saving sample, time, and reagents xMAP beads come in a variety of formats. The MagPlex Microspheres—6.5 micron superparamagnetic beads that are dyed with three red and infrared fluorescent dyes, resulting in 500 distinctly colored bead sets—are our most versatile and efficient microspheres for high-plex applications. Approximately 108 surface carboxyI groups (COOH) cover the surface of the bead and serve as covalent attachments for capture ligands. A fluorescent reporter is coupled to a target molecule, which allows its detection after specific capture on the microsphere surface. 60. According to the passage, what is xMAP？ A. A mind map. B. A test method. C. A navigation map. D. An application. 61. All of the following are advantages of xMAP, except ______. A. developing custom analysis B. forming a network structure C. generating more data D. saving samples and reagents 62. Which of the following options is correct？ A. The xMAP beads distinguish groups of microspheres by a blue laser. B. xMAP allows for the capture of a single analyte from multiple reactions. C. xMAP technology is used more in the experimental phase. D. The “x” in xMAP represents the biomarkers being tested. (C) Life without access to energy is simply miserable. Accessing energy is the single most important factor in improving the lives of individuals and increasing the economic opportunities available in their communities. Access to lighting transforms education from outdoors during the day, to indoors and anytime! A simple refrigerator can transform a fruit stand to a grocery store. Reliable electricity allows businesses to stay open and ultimately provides the cornerstone that allows industries to form. There is a dominant school of thought that energy access can be achieved around the world with only carbon-free sources. This paradigm envisions effectively “leapfrogging” traditional development patterns, skipping industrialization, and transforming economies with green energy and a service economy. While compelling in theory, this vision lacks several critical factors; the need to manufacture the goods that will build the economy, the scalability of energy sources, and the affordability of that energy. This transformation is currently underway and its progress is inevitable. The urgency is created by individuals current, difficult conditions and the availability of abundant, affordable energy, particularly coal. All new energy demand will come from the developing world. Without a thoughtful conversation about the projected doubling of world energy demand, energy consumption will continue as it is currently underway, in two parallel paths. One path prioritizes carbon-free sources, and sets goals and policies that incentivize those. The other path responds to the supply and demand inherent in a world economy and is resulting in the massive development of coal-fired electricity generation. The reality of energy development can be summarized in the example of India’s projected energy development. By 2022, India is planning 100 GW of new solar and a relatively tiny 50 MW of new coal. However, a simple calculation of the likely emissions of these two new sources of energy conducted by a colleague at Stanford indicates that if all this new electricity generation came from natural gas, the result would be 20 percent fewer emissions. This is a conversation worth having. Although not a carbon-free source, natural gas has a transformative role to play in the energizing of developing nations. Abundantly available around the world, and more transportable than ever, a world natural gas market is creating a more stable, affordable supply. As an electricity generation fuel, it is both a base load alternative to coal and a backup for renewable generation. In this capacity, natural gas provides carbon and non-carbon air emissions benefits. When used as a transportation fuel, natural gas provides significant air quality benefit to traditional fuels and can be equally affordable. When deployed as a cooking fuel, liquefied petroleum gas(LPG), provides dramatic health benefits and could reduce the unnecessary 4 million annual deaths attributed to cooking over inefficient, biomass fuels. As an economic cornerstone, natural gas can empower industrial development as a chemical feed-stock fertilizer component, direct energy source, and electricity provider. 63. Which of the following is the view of the dominant school? A. We must actively develop manufacturing industry to promote economic development. B. Energy affordability should be fully considered in the process of economic development C. Developed countries don't have to worry about energy because of overcapacity. D. Only carbon-free sources can achieve energy access in the world. 64. Why is it urgent for developing countries to have access to energy? A. Because of insufficient availability energy supply. B. Because of rapid population growth. C. Because of huge consumption of renewable energy. D. Because of serious environmental pollution. 65. Which of the following statements is wrong about natural gas? A. Natural gas resources are abundant all over the world. B. Natural gas is not only a substitute for coal but a renewable energy. C. Natural gas is good for the air as a traditional fuel. D. Natural gas can be used to promote industrial development. 66. According to the passage, which of the following statements is correct? A. Traditional heating water to cook rice can be life-threatening. B. Natural gas is a kind of carbon-free energy. C. Energy consumption can only continue in the same way as before. D. Reducing energy poverty is the common goal of mankind. Section C Directions： Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Too Big, Too Expensive and Too Silly — Why Video Game Movies Fail Film adaptations of video games have fallen on the unsuspecting viewing public like a Drop Bear.At first they look harmless enough, but they often leave viewers bruised and regretful. These movies are plentiful. ___67___ Yet despite big budgets and quality talent both in front of and behind the camera, most video game movies are commercial and critical failures. ___68___ The answer comes down to a complex mix of conflicting audience demands and commercial realities. Video game movies often assume that the audience wants, or is interested in, the game’s legend and background. In fairness, this is out of fear that fans will? Criticise legend changes, alienating a key demographic. But games reveal legend progressively over tens of hours of gameplay, whereas movies have a small portion of that time. This tension risks creating boring exposition and complex story lines. For example, Warcraft details the origins of conflict between humans and orcs (兽), the central conflict in the game’s world. ___69___ Additionally, excessive adherence to the source material extends to using silly plot devices without spending enough time establishing proper reasons for their existence. In games, these can work due to the “unspoken but commonly understood logic of ‘this is a video game’”. In a game, people accept inconsistent narrative devices because they facilitate interesting interaction and are the quickest route towards allowing gamers to, say, shoot hell-monsters on Mars. The game series became increasingly complex , as the player-controlled protagonist (主角) parkoured his way through time periods like Renaissance Italy and Revolutionary America. The incredibility of the narrative world paled beside the fun of vaulting from rooftop to rooftop in15th-century Florence. ___70___ The plot — an original story which retains the key elements of the games — was criticized as “scattered and fractured”, “ hastily explained” and “ disorienting”. Vanity Fair pointed out that. It’s not clear why any of this is happening“ and RogerEbert.com summed it up as：Characters[talking] in quiet whispers about the complex methods they use to realize their poorly-hidden agendas. A. So why do these movies fail? B. The film, in contrast, failed to bring its audience along for the ride. C. Game adaptations” issues seem not to be due to a lack of resources. D. But the return on investment is not encouraging, with a number failing to recoup costs. E. The potential to appeal to a devoted fan base makes these movies an attractive prospect. F. However, a common criticism was that it was full of boring exposition and mostly uninteresting characters. 71. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Fluido,a Texas-based analytics company,recently released its new product,called FluidoPlus for free. It connects retailers (零售商) to a cloud-based analytics service using Wi-Fi. They then collect information about customers behaviour by monitoring the media access code (MAC) in every smart phone that enters the stores. This means that stores will be able to implement an analytics package to receive information that could help guide their marketing. With the information，store managers can measure the number of people who walk past the store and the number who come through the front door. Also, this information includes whether or not these people come in immediately or are convinced to do so by the shop front. Fluido Plus has received a lot of criticism from consumers concerned about their privacy being invaded. But Fluido assures that the MAC data is scrambled, which means that no personally identifiable information is collected. The company also points to the fact that Fluido is a part of the group that initiated the Mobile Location Analytics code of conduct. These sets of rules require companies to receive customers’ agreement before they can collect any personal information. Emily Carrless, a senior director at the NO Watching Please Co, believes that this technology ignores customers’ privacy. “This is a clear example of profit outweighing privacy,” she said. The use of tracking technology by shops in order to provide a better or more personal service seems totally disproportionate. Carrless also stressed the importance of customer awareness. She said that while tracking technology was still developing, there was an obvious goal in mind to identify individuals. Companies like Fluido won’t stop at the general information like the number of customers who walk into stores. The long game is about identifying individuals, and this technologies is very close to enabling Fluido to do that. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation Directions： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets. 72. 羽毛球馆里空无一人，为什么灯还亮着？ (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 73. 我花费了三天时间画了一幅风景画，庆贺我曾祖父的百年大寿。（ take）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 74. 载人飞船在太空遨游一周后，终于安全着陆，那一刻，原本寂静无声的发射中心一片欢腾。(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 75. 小河蜿蜒流淌，陪伴了世代居住在这里的村民，见证了村庄的日新月异。（company）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 76. Guided Writing Directions :Write an English composition in 120- -150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学的高三学生王佳，你学校的教师Lucy准备在高中开设关于信息素养(information literacy)的课程。课程包含以下四个板块：网站设计、大数据处理、辨别真伪信息和精确搜索信息。现在向全体同学征求建议。请你给她写一份电子邮件 ，要求： （1）选择两个你感兴趣的板块； （2）说明为什么选择这个板块的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$