精品解析：2018年上海高考英语试卷（秋考）（网络收集版）

绝密★启用前 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷) 英语试卷 (满分140分，考试时间120分钟) 考生注意： 答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. In a grocery B. In a cafe. C. At a tailor’s. D. At a toy shop 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: Good morning. Can I help you? W: Yes, this dress is too long. Would you please shorten it for me? Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place? 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He is pleased with his job. B. He is not satisfied with his work. C. He finds the huge workload unbearable. D. He finds his office much too big for him. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: Jack, you look tired. M: Yes, I got piles of work to do. But it gives me a great sense of achievement. Q: What can we learn about the man? 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He is most probably checking whether everything is OK. B. He is most probably jumping from the desk. C. He is most probably repairing the desk. D. He is most probably changing the bulb. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】W: John, what’s up? Why are you standing on the desk? M: The lights suddenly went off. The bulb must have burnt out. Q: What is the man most probably doing? 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. £200. B. £300. C. £600. D. £700. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】W: I will take this room, how much is the rent? M: Well, two hundred pounds each month. You need to pay three months rent in advance, plus a deposit of 100 pounds. Q: According to the man, how much should the woman pay in total? 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. It’s difficult for the woman to get the job if she takes the interview. B. The woman can get the job if she takes the interview. C. The woman has less chance to get the job than others. D. The woman should work harder from now on if she wants to get the job. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: I’ll take an interview for a part time librarian tomorrow. M: Don’t worry. Others stand no chance, if you take the interview. Q: How does the man feel about the woman’s chance of getting the job? 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The man drinks too much wine. B. The man drinks little wine. C. The bed is too soft. D. The bed is too hard. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: I couldn’t sleep at all last night. The bed is not comfortable. W: Don’t blame the bed. You should stop drinking wine. Q: What does the woman imply? 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He may change the shirt because it’s too large. B. He may change the shirt because it’s too small. C. He doesn’t like the color of the shirt. D. He likes the shirt. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: Andy, I bought a shirt for you. M: Thank you. I hope you kept the receipt. I’ve put on some weight. Q: What does the man imply? 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. To put him to another flight. B. To arrange the next flight. C. To take him to somewhere. D. To arrange his accommodation. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】W: I’m terribly sorry, but your flight has been canceled. M: What? In that case, I hope you will put me up somewhere tonight. Q: What does the man expect the woman to do for him? 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The news on TV. B. Many people came to the new hotel. C. It is difficult for people to find a job. D. The man still has got a job. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: A new hotel is looking for workers. They need three hundred new workers, but over 4,000 people showed up. M: Yes, I saw the news on TV. I still have my job, thank goodness. Q: What are the speakers talking about? 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The woman thinks it easy to learn physics. B. The woman is good at physics. C. The man thinks Professor Smith explained the physics problem very clearly. D. The man can’t understand the physics problem. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】W: Professor Smith explained the physics problem very clearly. M: Did he? Unfortunately, it is still all Greek to me. Q: What can we learn from the conversation? Section B Directions: In Section B you will hear two short passages, and one longer conversation, after each passage. The passages or conversation you will be asked several questions, the passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. Spain. B. France C. America D. England. 12. A. Visitors shouldn’t overlook it because it suffered a lot in history. B. Saint Augustine is the oldest city in the nation. C. Florida was ruled by Spanish until the United States took over it. D. Many visitors support the Florida’s coast recovery for its beauty. 13. A. Florida’s Atlantic coast. B. St. Augustine’s history. C. Spanish control over Florida. D. Spanish history. 【答案】11. A 12. C 13. B 【解析】 【原文】With a fascinating past and more than four centuries of history, St. Augustine is one of the nation’s oldest cities and an American treasure. Located on Florida’s Atlantic coast, it is home to many fine examples of European architecture and wild scenic views. In 1513, while looking for the storied fountain of youth, an explorer found this land and called it La Florida, and claimed it for Spain then in 1565, a Spanish conquer established a settlement there and named it St. Augustine, except for a twenty year period of English rule. Florida remained under Spanish rule until the United States took control in 1821. In the years after its founding, the city of St. Augustine was attacked by the French and English and by native Americans, you are said to have shot flaming r arrows at the city’s defensive building, setting it on fire. More recently, nature has stricken the region with hurricanes, Matthew on 2016 and Irma in 2017. Still. St Augustine endures. As the region recovers, visitors shouldn’t overlook it. St. Augustine has suffered much in its long history. Hopefully, visitors will come and perhaps support the Florida’s coast recovery, while discovering its centuries of history and miles. Questions: 1. Which country first governed Florida in history? 2. Which of the following statements is true of Saint Augustine? 3. What is the passage mainly about? 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. A lost property office in Europe. B. A lost property office in London. C. A lost property office in Tokyo. D. Paul Cowan’s office. 15. A. Lost items become the property of transport for London. B. Lost items are taken good care of by Cowan’s team. C. Almost all of the lost items were returned to their owners. D. Twenty percent of the lost items are claimed in three months’ time. 16. A. Because they think their lost shoes are useless. B. Because they have already bought new shoes. C. Because they would like to get a new pair. D. Because they can’t find their lost shoes. 【答案】14. B 15. D 16. C 【解析】 【原文】Transport for London has a lost property office which collects the items left behind as people flow through the city’s transport system each day. It is the biggest lost property office in Europe, beaten globally only by Tokyo’s. Sixty five staff sort through hundreds of thousands of lost and forgotten items each at the office, which is run by Paul Cowan. According to the latest data, Cowan’s team dealt with over three hundred thousand items in the first quarter of the year. As the data reveals, very few are claimed. For example, of the nearly 13,000 keys handed into lost property last year,1 just under 1,400 were returned to their owners, says Cowan. Overall, twenty percent of stock is claimed within three month. After that time, stock becomes the property of transport for London. And it’s not necessarily the items you’d expect. A wander through the three basement floors that make up the lost property office gives us an idea of what we value enough to recover and what we’re happy to let go. Cowan has discovered something interesting about the complexity of lost shoes. He said, if you have one shoe, you are more likely to go looking for the other. If you lose two shoes, well, it’s slightly out of sight, out of mind. He guesses many people regard loss as an opportunity to treat themselves to something. Questions： 1. What is the passage mainly about? 2. Which of the following is true of the lost items? 3. According to Cowan, why don’t some people get their lost shoes back? 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. She is most probably bargaining for a house. B. She is most probably visiting one of her friends. C. She is most probably looking for a house. D. She is most probably contacting her bank for a house. 18. A. The kitchen attached bathroom. B. A wine storage area. C. The floor covering. D. The relaxing colors of the wall. 19. A. The price is reasonable. B. The price is too high. C. The price is low. D. The offer is unfair. 20. A. The woman will buy the house because the price is reasonable. B. The house is really good because the bathroom is attached to the bedroom. C. The inside of the house is better than the outside. D. The woman likes the house so much that she will buy it. 【答案】17. C 18. B 19. A 20. D 【解析】 【原文】M: If you like the outside, you’re going to really love the inside. W: What a beautiful home! And I like the way the window screen gives you privacy from the street. M: Follow me into the kitchen. You will love it. W: Wow! They put a wine storage area in the kitchen. I love it! The best part is the bedroom and attached bathroom. I love the relaxing colors of the wall and floor covering. I’d like to make an offer on this house. M: As your house agent, I’m here to take care of this process. How much were you planning on offering? W: I really like the house and will pay the full asking price of 380,000 dollars. M: We’d better leave ourselves some bargaining room. Let’s, offer 350,000 dollars. W: That sounds good. But I don’t want this house to get away from me. M: The market is fairly down right now. So the offer is a realistic one. W: When will we know if they’ll accept the offer? M: The owners usually respond to an offer within a few days? W: Should I be contacting my bank in the meantime? M: You’re already pre-qualified for your loan. So you’re in good shape. Questions： 17. What is the woman most probably doing? 18. What does the woman like best in the kitchen? 19. What does the woman think of the man’s offer on the house at first? 20. Which of the following is true according to the passage? II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A comprehensive study of 4, 500 children conducted by the National Institutes of Health in 2018 shows that children who spent more than seven hours a day staring at screens showed evidence of premature thinning of their brain’s cortex-the outer layer that processes sensory information. “We don’t know if it ____21____ (cause) by the screen time. We don’t know yet if it’s bad thing. It won’t be until we follow them over time ____22____ we will see if there are outcomes that are associated with the differences that we’re seeing in this single snapshot,” Dr. Gaya Dowling. “What we can say is that this is ____23____ the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens. And it’s not just one pattern.” The problem isn’t just screens ____24____, but also the way screens tempt kids (and adults) away from something far more important: physical activity. More than 23 percent of adults and 80 percent of adolescents don’t get enough physical activity, and according to a 2019 report from the World Health Organization. (WHO), these patterns of activity and rest arise ____25____ habits we develop early in life, “What we really need to do is ____26____ (bring) back play for children,” says Dr. Juana Williamson, a WHO specialist in childhood obesity and physical activity, in a statement about new WHO guidelines issued in April 2019. This is about making the shift from sedentary time to playtime, while ____27____ (protect) sleep. Of course, children aren’t completely to blame for their screen addiction. Sometimes, the parents ____28____ complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. A 2016 study ____29____ (conduct) by Common Sense Media found that parents spend up to nine hours a day in front of screens, mostly not for work-related reasons. While 78 percent of parents said they believed they were good screen time role models, the study found a disconnect between their behavior and their perception of their behavior. Parents need to limit screen time for themselves and especially for their kids — _____30_____ it means playing the bad guy. Our mental and physical health depends on it. 【答案】21. is being caused 22. that 23. what 24. themselves 25. from 26. bring 27. protecting 28. that##who 29 conducted 30. though 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。研究发现看屏幕时间过长会导致孩子大脑皮层过早变薄，同时长时间盯着屏幕也让孩子缺乏必要的锻炼。作者呼吁父母应该限制自己看屏幕的时间，也要限制孩子看屏幕的时间。 【21题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：我们不知道这是否是看屏幕时间造成的。此处为宾语从句谓语动词，空前的it指代premature thinning of their brain's cortex，和cause之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用被动语态；结合语境可知，此处表示正在受影响，故应用现在进行时的被动语态。故填is being caused。 【22题详解】 考查强调句型。句意：“直到我们跟踪他们一段时间，我们才会看到是否有结果与我们在这张快照中看到的差异有关，”盖亚· 道林博士说。分析句子可知，本句去掉it be和设空处仍然是完整的句子，故此处是强调句型“It is+被强调部分＋that（强调人时可用who）…”，此处强调时间状语until we follow them over time，应用that。故填that。 【23题详解】 考查表语从句引导词。句意：我们能说的是，这就是花很多时间看屏幕的孩子大脑的样子。分析句子结构，可知“___ the brains look like…”是表语从句，应用what引导表语从句，在从句中充当look like的宾语，意思为“……样子”。故填what。 【24题详解】 考查代词。句意：问题不只是屏幕本身，还有屏幕诱惑孩子(和成年人)远离更重要的东西：体育活动。上文提到“the screen time”对孩子大脑的影响；该句说明除了屏幕本身的原因之外，还有其他的原因。根据句意，应是“屏幕本身”；screens是第三人称复数形式，应用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 【25题详解】 考查介词。句意：超过23%的成年人和80%的青少年缺乏足够的体育锻炼，根据世界卫生组织(WHO) 2019年的一份报告，这些活动和休息的模式源于我们早期养成的习惯。此处是短语arise from “由……引起，产生于”。故填from。 【26题详解】 考查不定式。句意：“我们真正需要做的是让儿童重返游戏，”世卫组织儿童肥胖和体育活动专家胡安娜·维卢姆森博士在2019年4月发布的关于世卫组织新指南的声明中说。“____(bring) back play for children”在句中作表语，且表将来的动作，bring应用不定式形式；前面有实义动词do，不定式符号to省略。故填bring。 【27题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这是关于在保护睡眠的同时，将久坐的时间转变为玩耍的时间。while为并列连词，空处和making并列作about的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填protecting。 【28题详解】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：有时，那些抱怨屏幕在家庭生活中的作用的父母，也会因为花太多时间在屏幕前而感到内疚。分析句子结构可知，“_____complain about the role of screens”是定语从句，先行词parents，指人，在从句中作主语，因此用that/who引导定语从句。故填that/who。 【29题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：常识媒体(Common Sense Media) 2016年进行的一项研究发现，父母每天花在屏幕前的时间多达9个小时，多数不是因为工作相关的原因。分析句子可知，此处应用非为动词，句子主语a 2016 study 和 conduct之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填conducted。 【30题详解】 考查让步状语从句引导词。句意：父母应该为自己也尤其是为了孩子要限制屏幕时间，——即使这意味着当坏人。根据句意，此处用though引导让步状语从句，意思为“即使”。故填though。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. committed B. compared C. contact D. delegation E. destructive F. weak G. negotiate H. respelled I. similarity J. superiors K. witnessed Some Very “American” Words Come from Chinese On a recent program, we told you the stories of English words borrowed from other languages. Today, we will tell you about words that English has taken from Chinese. Many of the Chinese words that are now part of English were borrowed long ago. They are most often from Cantonese or other Chinese languages rather than Mandarin. Let’s start with kowtow. kowtow The English word kowtow is a verb that means to agree too easily to do what someone else wants you to do, or to obey someone with power in a way that seems ____31____. It comes from the Cantonese word kau tau, which means “knock your head.” It refers to the act of kneeling and lowering one’s head as a sign of respect to ____32____ — such as emperors, elders and leaders. In the case of emperors, the act required the person to touch their head to the ground. In 1793, Britain’s King George III sent Lord George Macartney and other trade ambassadors to China to ____33____ a trade agreement. The Chinese asked them to kowtow to the Qianlong Emperor. As the story goes, Lord Macartney refused for his ____34____ to do more than bend their knees. He said that was all they were required to do for their own king. It is not surprising, then, that Macartney left China without negotiating the trade agreement. After that, critics used the word kowtow when anyone was too submissive to China. Today, the usage has no connection to China, nor any specific political connection. gung-ho Another borrowed word that came about through ____35____ between two nations is gung-ho. In English, the word gung-ho is an adjective that means extremely excited about doing something. The Chinese characters “gōng” and “hé” together mean “work together, cooperate.” The original term — gõngyè hézuòshè — means Chinese Industrial Cooperatives. The organizations were established in the 1930s by Westerners in China to promote industrial and economic development. Lt. Colonel Evans Carlson of the United States Marine3 Corps4 observed these cooperatives while he was in China. He was impressed, saying “...all the soldiers ____36____ themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over.” He then began using the term gung-ho in the Marine Corps to try to create the same spirit he had ____37____. In 1942, he used the word as a training slogan for the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion during World War II. The men were often called the “Gung Ho Battalion.” From then, the word gung-ho spread as a slogan the Marine Corps. Today, its meaning has no relation to the military. typhoon In English, a typhoon is a very powerful and ____38____ storm that occurs around the China Sea and in the South Pacific. The word history of typhoon had a far less direct path to the English language than gung-ho. And not all historical accounts are the same. But, according to the Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, the first typhoons reported in the English language were in India and were called “touffons” or “tufans,” The word tufan or al-tufan is Arabic and means violent storm or flood. The English came across this word in India and borrowed it as touffon. Later, when English ships encountered violent storms in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantonese word tai fung, which means “great wind.” The word’s ____39____ to touffon is only by chance. The modern form of the word — typhoon — was influenced by the Cantonese but ____40____ to make it appear more Greek. 【答案】31. F 32. J 33. G 34. D 35. C 36. A 37. K 38. E 39. I 40. H 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是几个来自于中文的英语单词。 【31题详解】 考查形容词。句意：英语单词kowtow是一个动词，意思是太轻易地同意别人让你做的事，或者以一种看似软弱的方式服从有权力的人。由“agree too easily to do what someone else wants you to do”可知，句子表示“以一种看似软弱的方式服从有权力的人”，空格处意为“软弱的”，是weak，故选F。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：它指的是对上级——如皇帝、长辈和领导人——跪下并低下头以示尊重的行为。由“such as emperors, elders and leaders”可知，空格处意为“上级”，是superior，要用复数，故选J。 【33题详解】 考查不定式。句意：1793年，英国国王乔治三世派遣Lord George Macartney和其他贸易大使前往中国谈判一项贸易协定。由“a trade agreement”可知，句子表示“谈判一项贸易协定”，空格处意为“谈判”，是negotiate，用不定式表目的，故选G。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：据说，Lord Macartney只让他的代表团屈膝。由上文“Britain’s King George III sent Lord George Macartney and other trade ambassadors”可知，句子表示“Lord Macartney只让他的代表团屈膝”，空格处意为“代表团”，是delegation，此处是指一个代表团，空格处用单数，故选D。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：另一个通过两国接触而产生的外来词是“gunung -ho”。由“between two nations”可知，句子表示“另一个通过两国接触而产生的外来词是“gunung -ho””，空格处意为“接触”，是contact，是不可数名词，故选C。 【36题详解】 考查时态。句意：他被打动了，说：“……所有的士兵都致力于一个想法，并共同努力实现这个想法。”由“themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over”可知，句子表示“所有的士兵都致力于一个想法，并共同努力实现这个想法”，空格处意为“致力于”，是commit，构成短语commit oneself to，由was可知，时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故选A。 【37题详解】 考查时态。句意：然后，他开始在海军陆战队中使用“gung-ho”这个词，试图创造出他所目睹的同样的精神。由上文“observed these cooperatives while he was in China”可知，句子表示“试图创造出他所目睹的同样的精神”，空格处意为“目睹”，是witness，时态是过去完成时，因此空格处用过去分词，故选K。 【38题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在英语中，台风是一种非常强大的破坏性风暴，发生在中国海周围和南太平洋。由“a typhoon”可知，句子表示“台风是一种非常强大的破坏性风暴”，空格处意为“破坏性的”，是形容词destructive作定语，故选E。 【39题详解】 考查名词。句意：这个词与touffon的相似只是偶然。由前面的“tai fung”和空后“to touffon”可知，句子表示“这个词与touffon的相似只是偶然”，空格处意为“相似之处”，是similarity，此处用单数，故选I。 【40题详解】 考查时态。句意：“台风”一词的现代形式受到广东话的影响，但它的拼写使其看起来更像希腊语。由前面的typhoon，touffon和空后的“to make it appear more Greek”可知，此处表示这个词被重新拼写，空格处意为“重新拼写”，是respell，词是被重新拼写，因此用被动语态，空前有was，空格处用过去分词。故选H。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. When 17-year-old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends, they don’t drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates. ____41____, they stick to G-rated activities such as rock-climbing or talking about books. They are in good company, according to a new study showing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into ____42____.The study, published Tuesday in the journal Child Development, found that the percentage of adolescents in the U. S. who have a driver’s license, who have tried alcohol, who date, and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976, with the most precipitous ____43____ in the past decade. The declines appeared across race, geographic, and socioeconomic lines, and in rural, urban, and suburban areas. To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities, but the ____44____ have slimmed considerably. Between 1976 and 1979, 86 percent of high school seniors had gone on a date; between 2010 and 2015 only 63 percent People say, Oh, it’s because teenagers are more responsible, or more lazy, or more boring, “but they’re ____45____ the larger trend,” said Jean Twenge, lead author of the study, which drew on seven large time-lag surveys of Americans. Rather, she said, kids may be less ____46____ in activities such as dating, driving or getting jobs because in today’ s society. According to an evolutionary psychology theory that a person’s “life strategy” slows down or speeds up depending on his or her ____47____, exposure to a “harsh and unpredictable” environment leads to faster development, while a more resource-rich and secure environment has the ____48____ effect, the study said. In the first ____49____, “You’d have a lot of kids and be in survival mode, start having kids young, expect your kids will have kids young, and expect that there will be more _____50_____ and fewer resources,” said Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University who is the author of “iGen; Why Today’s Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy — and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood. A century ago, when life expectancy was lower and college education less prevalent, “the goal back then was survival, not violin lessons by 5,” Twenge said. In that model a teenage boy might be thinking more _____51_____ about marriage, and driving a car and working for pay would be important for “establishing mate value based on procurement of resources,” the study said. But America is shifting more toward the _____52_____ model, and the change is apparent across the socioeconomic spectrum, Twenge said. “Even in families whose parents didn’t have a college education... families are smaller, and the idea that children need to be carefully _____53_____ has really sunk in.” The _____54_____ of “adult activities” could not be attributed to more homework or extracurricular activities, the study said, noting that teens today spend fewer hours on homework and the same amount of time on extracurricular as they did in the 1990s ( with the exception of community service, which has risen slightly). Nor could the use of smartphones and the Internet be entirely the _____55_____, the report said, since the decline began before they were widely available. If the delay is to make room for creative exploration and forming better social and emotional connections, it is a good thing, he said. 41. A. Therefore B. Rather C. Moreover D. Besides 42. A. childhood B. neighborhood C. adolescents D. adulthood 43. A. escapes B. ends C. decreases D. changes 44. A. minorities B. majorities C. masses D. amounts 45. A. taking B. avoiding C. sending D. missing 46. A. interested B. envied C. relieved D. realized 47. A. emotions B. surroundings C. customs D. habits 48. A. wrong B. same C. opposite D. similar 49. A. event B. issue C. case D. occasion 50. A. trouble B. questions C. benefits D. diseases 51. A. respectively B. delicately C. seriously D. considerably 52. A. slower B. better C. smaller D. faster 53. A. emphasized B. related C. organized D. educated 54. A. implement B. postponement C. achievement D. payment 55. A. cause B. impact C. fact D. result 【答案】41. B 42. D 43. C 44. B 45. D 46. A 47. B 48. C 49. C 50. D 51. C 52. A 53. D 54. B 55. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过一项新研究指出，当代美国青少年推迟传统成年仪式的现象日益普遍，并从进化心理学角度分析环境资源与教育观念变化对其的影响。研究否定了单纯将原因归咎于学业压力或智能手机使用的观点。 【41题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他们坚持做一些G级的活动，比如攀岩或谈论书籍。A. Therefore因此；B. Rather相反，而是；C. Moreover此外；D. Besides此外。根据上文 “When 17-year-old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends, they don’t drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates.”和下文“they stick to G-rated activities such as rock-climbing or talking about books.”可知，这里表示转折关系。故选B项。 【42题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项新的研究表明，青少年越来越多地推迟那些长期以来被视为成年仪式的活动。A. childhood童年；B. neighborhood邻居；C. adolescents青少年；D. adulthood成年人。根据下文“the idea that children need to be carefully... has really sunk in.”以及 “Even in families whose parents didn’t have a college education... families are smaller”等内容可知，文章在讨论青少年成年相关的话题，“rites of passage into adulthood”表示“进入成年的标志性活动”。故选D项。 【43题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：周二发表在《儿童发展》（Child Development）杂志上的这项研究发现，自1976年以来，美国持有驾照、试过酒、约会和工作赚钱的青少年比例大幅下降，在过去十年中下降幅度最大。A. escapes逃跑；B. ends结束；C. decreases下降；D. changes改变。根据上文“the percentage of adolescents in the U.S. who have a driver’s license, who have tried alcohol, who date, and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976”可知，这里说的是这些比例的下降，“declines”与“plummeted”意思相近，“with the most precipitous decreases in the past decade”表示“在过去十年中下降最为急剧”。故选C项。 【44题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：可以肯定的是，超过一半的青少年仍然参与这些活动，但大多数人都减少很多。A. minorities少数； B. majorities大多数；C. masses群众，大量；D. amounts数量。根据上文“more than half of teens still engage in these activities”可知，虽然超过一半的青少年仍然参与这些活动，但“majorities（大多数）”已经大幅减少了。故选B项。 【45题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在2010年至2015年期间，只有63%的人说，哦，这是因为青少年更负责任，或者更懒惰，或者更无聊，但他们忽视了更大的趋势。A. taking拿，取；B. avoiding避免；C. sending发送；D. missing错过。根据上文“People say, Oh, it’s because teenagers are more responsible, or more lazy, or more boring”以及下文“Rather, she said, kids may be less... in activities such as dating, driving or getting jobs because in today’s society.”可知，人们没有看到更大的趋势。故选D项。 【46题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，她说，孩子们可能对约会、开车或找工作等活动不太感兴趣，因为在当今社会。A. interested感兴趣的；B. envied嫉妒的；C. relieved宽慰的；D. realized实现的。根据语境“kids may be less... in activities such as dating, driving or getting jobs because in today’s society”可知，孩子们可能对约会、开车或找工作等活动不太“感兴趣（interested）”。故选A项。 【47题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该研究称，根据进化心理学理论，一个人的“生活策略”会根据他或她的环境而减慢或加快，暴露在“严酷和不可预测”的环境中会导致更快的发展，而资源丰富和安全的环境则会产生相反的效果。A. emotions情绪；B. surroundings环境；C. customs习俗；D. habits习惯。根据下文“exposure to a “harsh and unpredictable” environment leads to faster development, while a more resource-rich and secure environment has the...”可知，这里说的是一个人的“生活策略”取决于他或她的“环境（surroundings）”。故选B项。 【48题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该研究称，根据进化心理学理论，一个人的“生活策略”会根据他或她的环境而减慢或加快，暴露在“严酷和不可预测”的环境中会导致更快的发展，而资源丰富和安全的环境则会产生相反的效果。A. wrong错误的；B. same相同的；C. opposite相反的；D. similar相似的。根据上文“exposure to a “harsh and unpredictable” environment leads to faster development”以及“while”表示对比可知，更资源丰富和安全的环境有“相反（opposite）”的效果。故选C项。 【49题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在第一个案例中，“你会生很多孩子，处于生存模式，很早就生孩子，期望你的孩子也会很早就生孩子，并期望会有更多的疾病更少的资源，”圣地亚哥州立大学心理学教授、《iGen》一书的作者特温格说。A. event事件；B. issue问题；C. case情况；D. occasion场合。根据上文提到的两种不同环境的情况，这里说的是在第一种“情况（case）”下，“In the first case”符合语境。故选C项。 【50题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在第一种情况下，“你会生很多孩子，处于生存模式，很早就生孩子，期望你的孩子也会很早就生孩子，并期望会有更多的疾病更少的资源，”圣地亚哥州立大学心理学教授、《iGen》一书的作者特温格说。A. trouble麻烦；B. questions问题；C. benefits益处；D. diseases疾病。根据上文“exposure to a “harsh and unpredictable” environment”可知，在这种恶劣和不可预测的环境中，会有更多的 “疾病（diseases）”和更少的资源。故选D项。 【51题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：研究称，在这种模式下，十几岁的男孩可能会更认真地考虑婚姻问题，而开车和工作对于“建立基于获取资源的伴侣价值”很重要。A. respectively分别地；B. delicately精致地；C. seriously认真地；D. considerably相当地。根据上文“A century ago, when life expectancy was lower and college education less prevalent,‘the goal back then was survival, not violin lessons by 5,””可知，在那种模式下，一个十几岁的男孩可能会更“认真地（seriously）”考虑婚姻。故选C项。 【52题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但特温格说，美国正在转向更慢的模式，这种变化在整个社会经济领域都很明显。A. slower更慢的；B. better更好的；C. smaller 更小的；D. faster更快的。根据上文“exposure to a “harsh and unpredictable” environment leads to faster development, while a more resource-rich and secure environment has the opposite effect”以及“America is shifting more toward...”可知，美国正朝着更“慢（slower）”的模式转变。故选A项。 【53题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使在父母没有受过大学教育的家庭……家庭越来越小，孩子需要接受精心教育的观念已经深入人心。A. emphasized强调；B. related相关；C. organized组织；D. educated教育。根据上文“Even in families whose parents didn’t have a college education... families are smaller”以及“the idea that children need to be carefully...” 可知，这里说的是孩子们需要被精心“教育（educated）的观念已经深入人心。故选D项。 【54题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究指出，推迟“成人活动”不能归因于更多的家庭作业或课外活动，并指出，与20世纪90年代相比，今天的青少年花在家庭作业上的时间更少，花在课外活动上的时间相同（社区服务除外，这一比例略有上升）。A. implement实施；B. postponement推迟；C. achievement成就；D. payment支付。根据上文“teenagers are increasingly delaying activities”可知，这里说的是“成人活动”的“推迟（postponement）”。故选B项。 【55题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：报告称，智能手机和互联网的使用也不能完全是原因，因为这种下降在智能手机和互联网普及之前就开始了。A. cause原因；B. impact影响；C. fact事实；D. result结果。根据上文“The declines appeared across race, geographic, and socioeconomic lines, and in rural, urban, and suburban areas.”以及“Nor could the use of smartphones and the Internet be entirely the...”可知，智能手机和互联网的使用也不完全是这种下降趋势的“原因（cause）”。故选A项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Bitcoin and other so called crypt currencies have been all over the news lately. Apparently, the idea of money that’s not tied to a specific bank — or a specific country — is appealing to many. But it’s worth remembering that the banking system that we now all live with is just that: A modern invention. Not so long ago, money was almost always created and used locally, and bartering was common. (In fact, it still is common among many online local networks, like the Buy Nothing Project.). In the past, money’s makeup varied from place to place, depending on what was considered valuable there. So while some of the world’s first coins were made from a naturally occurring hybrid of gold and silver called electrum, objects other than coins have served as currency, including beads, ivory, livestock, and cowrie shells. In West Africa, bracelets of bronze or copper were used as cash, especially if the transaction was associated with the slave trade there. Throughout the colonial period, tobacco was used in lieu of coins or paper bills in Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina, even though it was used elsewhere in the colonies and extensively throughout Europe and the U.K. Today, on an island in the Pacific, a specific type of shell still serves as currency — and some people there are even hoarding it, just like Bitcoin moguls, convinced that one day, it will make them wealthy beyond imagination. On Malaita, the most-populated island that’s part of the Solomon Islands, shells are accepted at most places in “How much tuna you can get for your shells depends on their color and shape,” Mary Bruno, a shop owner from the small town of Auki, on Malaita, told Vice. “One strip of darker shells might get you about two cans of smaller tuna, but the red ones are worth more, For the red ones, one strip might get enough tuna to feed a big family for a long time. Just like a mint that creates coins, there’s only one place on the island where the shells, which are polished and strung together to form 3-foot-long ropes, are made. (You can see how that works in the video above.) The strips of red, white, and black shells all come from Langa Langa Lagoon, where artificial islands were long-ago built by locals to escape from the island-dwelling cannibals. Once marooned out on their islands, locals needed a currency to use among themselves, and so the shell currency was born. Using shells for money was common throughout the Pacific islands as late as the early 1900s, but Malaita is unique in that they are still used today. And just like crypto currencies, there are those who think the islanders are smart to invest in this type of money, which is reported to have risen in value over the last three decades. It might seem strange to hoard a bunch of processed, strung-together shells, but what is a pile of dollars? Just a specially printed piece of paper and hemp that we’ve assigned value to — and probably less durable over time than those shells. 56. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. Money was created and was widely used in the world. B. Tobacco was used as coins or paper bills in American in the past. C. The ingredients of world’s first coins may be the combination of gold and silver. D. Using shells for money has been out of date in the world. 57. The word “mint” in paragraph 4 is closest in the meaning to “_______________”. A. a kind of money that can exchange B. the leaves of a mint plant used fresh or candied C. a place to produce and polish shells D. a factory that produces currency 58. What’s opinion of the author towards shells for money? A. Reasonable. B. Imaginary. C. Convenient. D. Inventive. 59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. The History of Bitcoin B. Shells Still Money C. The Currency Is of Great Use D. Some Shells 【答案】56. C 57. D 58. A 59. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了在太平洋的一些小岛上，贝壳至今被当作货币使用的情况。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。由第二段中“So while some of the world’s first coins were made from a naturally occurring hybrid of gold and silver called electrum (因此，虽然世界上最早的一些硬币是由一种天然的金银混合物制成的，称为驻极体)”可知，世界上最早的一些硬币成分是一种天然的金银混合物，C项“世界上第一枚硬币的成分可能是金和银的组合”正确。故选C项。 【57题详解】 词句猜测题。由第四段中“Just like a mint that creates coins, there’s only one place on the island where the shells, which are polished and strung together to form 3-foot-long ropes, are made. (就像制造硬币的一个mint一样，岛上只有一个地方制造贝壳，贝壳被抛光并串在一起形成3英尺长的绳子。)”可知，“a mint”应该是指一个地方；定语从句“that creates coins”修饰a mint，由此可以猜测，a mint是生产货币的工厂。故选D项。 【58题详解】 推理判断题。由最后一段中“And just like crypto currencies, there are those who think the islanders are smart to invest in this type of money, which is reported to have risen in value over the last three decades. It might seem strange to hoard a bunch of processed, strung-together shells, but what is a pile of dollars? Just a specially printed piece of paper and hemp that we’ve assigned value to — and probably less durable over time than those shells. (就像加密货币一样，有人认为岛民投资这种货币是明智的，据报道，这种货币在过去三十年里已经升值。囤积一堆加工过的、串在一起的贝壳可能看起来很奇怪，但一堆美元是什么？只是一张特别印刷的纸和棕榈，我们赋予了它价值——随着时间的推移，它可能不如那些贝壳耐用。)”可知，作者在末段将贝壳货币与加密货币类比，指出贝壳价值上涨，并认为贝壳可能比纸币更耐用，这种对比暗示作者认可贝壳货币的合理性。故选A项。 【59题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段中“Not so long ago, money was almost always created and used locally, and bartering was common. (不久前，货币几乎总是在当地创造和使用的，物物交换很常见。)”提到不久以前，货币几乎都是在当地创造和使用的，物物交换很普遍；第三段“a specific type of shell still serves as currency (一种特定类型的贝壳仍然是货币)”提到在太平洋的小岛上，人们仍然在用特定类型的贝壳当作货币；第四、五段说明这些贝壳货币如何使用和制作的。由此可知，文章是介绍在太平洋的一些小岛上，至今仍然使用贝壳货币，因此文章标题应该为“Shells Still Money (贝壳还是钱)”。故选B项。 (B) How Do You Move a Giant Sequoia? The logistics of excavating (挖掘) and relocating town’s century-old, living sequoia (红杉) tree. Inhabitants of Boise, Idaho, watched with trepidation earlier this year as the city’s oldest, tallest resident moved two blocks. The 105-year-old sequoia tree serves as a local landmark, not only for its longevity but also because renowned naturalist and Sierra Club cofounder John Muir provided the original seedling. So, when Saint Luke’s Health System found that the 10-story-tall-conifer (针叶树) stood in the way of its planned hospital called tree-moving firm Environmental Design. The Texas-based company has developed and patented scooping and lifting technology to move massive trees. Weighing in at more than 800, 000 pounds, the Boise sequoia is its largest undertaking yet. “I [had] lost enough sleep over this,” says David Cox, the company’s Western region vice president — and that was before the hospital mentioned the tree’s distinguished origin. Before the heavy lifting began, the team assessed the root system and dug a five-foot-deep cylinder , measuring 40 feet in diameter, around the trunk to protect all essential roots. After encapsulating the root ball in wire mesh, the movers allowed the tree to acclimate to its new situation for seven months before relocating it. The illustration details what followed. — Leslie Nemo 1. Mark A. Merit and his team at Environmental Design installed underneath the root ball a platform of seven-inch-diameter,44-foot-long steelbars and, just below the rods, a first set of uninflated airbags ( shown in gray).The team also dug a shallow ramp. 2. In roughly 15 minutes, the movers inflated the airbags to about three feet in diameter to raise the root ball to the surface of the hole. 3. By underinflating the front bags, the team allowed the platform carrying the tree to roll up the ramp and out of the hole while staying level, A trailer hauled the tree along as team members removed the airbags from the back of the platform and replaced them in the front. They repeated the process until the tree arrived at the edge of its new home. 4. There a second set of partially inflated bags (shown in white) waited inside the hole. Soil surrounding the sequoia in its original location was relocated as well, because trees are more likely to survive a transplant when they move with their original soil. 5. Using the first set of airbags, the movers rolled the platform into the new hole. 6. The bags waiting there were then inflated further to take the weight of the sequoia while the transportation bags were deflated and removed from under the tree. 7. The white bags were then deflated in about half an hour to lower the sequoia’s root ball to the bottom of its hole, The bags were removed, but the metal bars were left with the tree because they rust and degrade over a number of years. 8. For the next five years the local park service will monitor and maintain the tree in its new home. 60. Which of the following words can be used to replace the words underlined “stood in the way of”? A. Resisted B. Balanced C. Blocked. D. Promoted. 61. What is the reason for the relocation of Sequoia trees? A. Because the Scooping and lifting technology should be put into use. B Because it blocks local hospital expansion plans. C. Because it corresponds to government’s plan of Environmental Design. D. Because sequoia trees are over a hundred years old. 62. How will the migrated sequoia trees be dealt with? A. They will be given new soil in the new living environment. B. Metal rods used to move sequoia trees will not be left on the trees. C. They will be kept in transport bags all the time. D. They will be managed by specialists in the next five years. 【答案】60. C 61. B 62. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了Saint Luke’s Health System为了扩建医院而要移动一棵百年红杉树，以及移动树木的步骤。 【60题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线短语后一句“ its planned hospital expansion, officials called tree-moving firm Environmental Design.(它计划扩建医院，医院官员打电话给了树木移动公司Environmental Design)”可推知，因为这棵大红杉树阻碍了医院的扩建计划，所以医院官员打电话给树木移动公司Environmental Design，所以“ stood in the way of”的意思是“blocked（阻碍）”。故选C。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“when Saint Luke’s Health System found that the 10-story-tall conifer (针叶树) stood in the way of its planned hospital expansion, officials called tree-moving firm Environmental Design.(当圣卢克医疗系统发现这棵10层楼高的针叶树阻碍了医院扩建计划时，官员们联系了树木移动公司Environmental Design。)”可知，因为它阻碍了当地医院的扩张计划，所以决定移动这棵10层楼高的红杉树。故选B。 【62题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“For the next five years the local park service will monitor and maintain the tree in its new home.(在接下来的五年里，当地公园管理局将对这棵树的新家进行监控和维护)”可知，这棵被迁移的红杉树在未来五年内，它们将会由专家管理。故选D。 (C) Understand the Economic Concept of a Budget Line The term “budget line” has several related meanings, including a couple that are self-evident and a third that is not. The budget line as an Informal Consumer Understanding The budget line is an elementary concept that most consumers understand intuitively without a need for graphs and equations — it’s the household budget, for example. Taken informally, the budget line describes the boundary of affordability for a given budget and specific goods. Given a limited amount of money, a consumer can only spend that same amount buying goods. If the consumer has X amount of money and wants to buy two goods A and B, she can only purchase goods totaling X. If the consumer needs an amount of A costing 0.75, she can then spend only 0.25 X, the amount remaining, on her purchase of B. This seems almost too obvious to bother writing or reading about. As it turns out, however, this same concept-one that most consumers make many times each day with reflecting on it-is the basis of the more formal budget line concept in economics , which is explained below. Lines in a Budget Before turning to the economics definition of budget line, consider another concept: the line-item budget. This is effectively a map of future expenditures, with all the constituent expenditures individually noted and quantified. There’ s nothing very complicated about this usage, a budget line is one of the lines in the budget, with the service or good to be purchased named and the cost quantified, The Budget Line as an Economics Concept One of the interesting ways the study of economics relates to human behavior generally is that a lot of economic theory is the formalization of the kind of simple concept outlined above — a consumer’s informal understanding of the amount she has to spend and what that amount will buy. In the process of formalization, the concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation that can be applied generally. A Simple Budget Line Graph To understand this, think of a graph where the vertical lines quantify how many movie tickets. you can buy and where the horizontal lines do the same for crime novels. You like going to the movies and reading crime novels and you have $ 150 to spend, In the example below, assume that each movie costs $10 and each crime novel costs $15. The more formal economics term for these two items is budget set. If movies cost $ 10 each, then the maximum number of movies you can see with the money available is 15. To note this you make a dot at the number 15 (for total movie tickets) at the extreme left-hand side of the chart. This same dot appears at the extreme left above “0” on the horizontal axis because you have no money left for books — the number of books available in this example is 0. You can also graph the other extreme — all crime novels and no movies. Since crime novels in the example cost $15 and you have $150 available, if you spend all the available money crime novels, you can buy 10. So you put a dot on the horizontal axis at the number 10. You’ll place the dot at the bottom of the vertical axis because in this instance you have $0 available for movie tickets. If you now draw a line from the highest, leftmost dot to the lowest, rightmost dot you’ll have created a budget line. Any combination of movies and crime novels that falls below the budget line is affordable. Any combination above it is not. 63. Which sentence about the budget line is NOT TRUE? A. It is limitation of affordability for a given budget and specific goods. B. Most costumers will be confused with this concept because of its complex. C. It is the effectively a map of future expenditures. D. It can be expressed as a mathematical equation. 64. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To tell us any concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation. B. To help us figure out the meaning Budget Line. C. To tell us we should budget before we buy goods. D. To give an instruction of drawing a budget Line. 65. Assume that each movie costs 10 and each crime novel costs, $15, you have $150. Which is RIGHT according to this passage? A. The maximum number of movies you can see is 10. B. The maximum number of crime novels you can buy is 15. C. You can buy 7 crime novels and, see 5 movies. D. You can buy 7 crime novels and see 4 movies. 66. What is the best title of this passage? A. Do we really know the economic concept of a budget line? B. The Budget Line as an Economics Concept. C. The Budget Line as an Informal Consumer Understanding D. The Complex Concept — Budget Line 【答案】63. B 64. B 65. D 66. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了预算线的不同含义、相关概念及绘制方法。 【63题详解】 细节理解题。根据The budget line as an Informal Consumer Understanding部分中“The budget line is an elementary concept that most consumers understand intuitively without a need for graphs and equations — it’s the household budget, for example. (预算线是一个基本概念，大多数消费者凭直觉就能理解，无需图表和方程式 —— 例如家庭预算。)”可知，大多数消费者不会对这个概念感到困惑，因为它并不复杂。B选项“Most costumers will be confused with this concept because of its complex. (大多数消费者会因为它的复杂而对这个概念感到困惑。)”表述错误。故选 B。 【64题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“The term “budget line” has several related meanings, including a couple that are self-evident and a third that is not. (“预算线” 这个术语有几个相关的含义，其中有两个是不言而喻的，还有一个不是。)”可知，文章的目的是帮助我们弄清楚预算线的含义。故选 B。 【65题详解】 细节理解题。根据A Simple Budget Line Graph部分中“If movies cost $ 10 each, then the maximum number of movies you can see with the money available is 15. (如果每部电影的票价是10美元，那么用现有的钱你最多可以看15部电影。)”和“Since crime novels in the example cost $15 and you have $150 available, if you spend all the available money crime novels, you can buy 10. (由于在这个例子中犯罪小说每本售价15美元，而你有150美元可供支配，如果你把所有的钱都花在犯罪小说上，你可以买10本。)”可知， 买7本犯罪小说花费7×15=105美元，看4部电影花费4×10=40美元，总共花费105+40=145美元，在预算范围内。故选 D。 【66题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“The term “budget line” has several related meanings, including a couple that are self-evident and a third that is not. (“预算线” 这个术语有几个相关的含义，其中有两个是不言而喻的，还有一个不是。)”以及第二个小标题“The budget line as an Informal Consumer Understanding (作为消费者非正式理解的预算线)”、第三个小标题“Lines in a Budget (预算中的线条)”可知，文章整体是在探讨我们对预算线这个经济概念的认知，不仅仅局限于某一方面，即主要探讨了我们是否真的了解预算线的经济概念。因此，A选项“Do we really know the economic concept of a budget line? (我们真的了解预算线的经济概念吗？)”最适合作为文章标题。故选A。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Magazine Articles More Valuable Than You May Think Parents are often surprised when teachers suggest their children read magazines. Read on to learn about the benefits that reading magazines offers to young readers and how to introduce your children to the medium. Magazine Benefits Magazine articles can provide reluctant readers with a lively, breezy writing style that can inspire them to read more. The articles in magazines are generally short, which allows a child to finish reading a feature article without losing interest due to short attention span. The writing in magazines also tends to be easy to read, especially if it is a children’s publication. By allowing your child to read magazines at an early age, you are encouraging development of a useful skill. ____67____ Getting into the habit of reading periodicals as a child will foster the habit of reading news articles that may continue into adulthood. ____68____ Magazine articles challenge students to think about issues they may have never considered or cause them to rethink their world view. Information is available in a wide variety of reading levels because magazines are written for every audience imaginable. Many publications cover the same material in different writing styles that might make it easier for your child to comprehend. Magazine Activities Reading magazines as a family can be used to introduce each other to the various interests that each family member possesses. When your children are finished with their magazines encourage them to pass their issue on to a sibling or other family member. Once each family member has finished reading each magazine, you can use them for art and writing projects. These projects are for family members of all ages: 1. Cut out pictures to help your preschool and kindergarten children learn their alphabet, numbers, and colors. 2. ____69____ Paste the picture at the top of a page and have them write a story about what is happening or what the picture represents. 3. Clip pictures to create a collage. Many teenagers love using their artistic talents to collage. ____70____ The skills that students utilize and strengthen when reading magazines can be applied to higher level reading and other academic subjects. Encouraging your child to read by giving them a magazine subscription could cause them to take the leap from being reluctant reader to a voracious page-turner. A. The format of magazines enables children to be exposed to a wide variety of wide subjects. B. Magazines and newspapers provide adults with critical news. C. Being exposed to magazines and newspapers benefits you a lot. D. Keep interesting magazine pictures to give children story ideas. E. Magazines are valuable assets for many people, but in particular to children. F. Magazines and newspapers are expensive now but out of style 【答案】67. B 68. A 69. D 70. E 【解析】 【导语】本文为说明文。杂志阅读对于儿童而言比你想象的更有价值。本文让家长了解阅读杂志给儿童带来的好处，以及如何将它推荐给你的孩子。 【67题详解】 根据下文“Getting into the habit of reading periodicals as a child will foster the habit of reading news articles that may continue into adulthood(从小养成阅读期刊的习惯会培养阅读新闻文章的习惯，这种习惯可能会持续到成年)”可知，从小因阅读期刊而形成的阅读习惯会持续到成年，由此推知，设空处应陈述成年人习惯在报刊上阅读重要新闻，选项B. Magazines and newspapers provide adults with critical news. (杂志和报纸给成年人提供重要的新闻。)符合语境，故选B。 【68题详解】 根据下文“Information is available in a wide variety of reading levels because magazines are written for every audience imaginable(各种阅读水平的读者都可以获得信息，因为杂志是为任何读者而写的)”可知，杂志可以将各种各样的信息提供给各种阅读水平的读者，因此通过不同的杂志版式，儿童能够接触到各种各样的主题。A项“不同的杂志版式使儿童能够接触到各种各样的主题”符合语境。故选A。 【69题详解】 设空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“Paste the picture at the top of a page and have them write a story about what is happening or what the picture represents. (将图片粘贴在页面顶部，让他们就正在发生的事情或图画所代表的东西写一篇故事。)”可知，本段主要讲述要保留着有趣的杂志图片，以给孩子们提供故事创意。D项“保留有趣的杂志图片，给孩子们提供故事创意”可以作为本段主旨句，picture是关键词。故选D。 【70题详解】 根据下文“The skills that students utilize and strengthen when reading magazines can be applied to higher level reading and other academic subjects. (学生在阅读杂志时所运用和强化的技巧，可应用于更高层次的阅读和其他学科。)”可知，阅读杂志对儿童来说是重要和宝贵的，由此推知设空处应陈述阅读杂志对学生来说是非常重要的。选项E. Magazines are valuable assets for many people, but in particular to children(杂志对许多人来说是宝贵的资产，但对儿童来说尤其如此)符合语境，选项中的children呼应下文的students。故选E。 IV. Summary Writing 71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Becoming an Attractive Employee The 2008 financial crisis created an unstable job market. Fast-forward to the present, an economy has not fully recovered. Thus, it’s of vital importance for job seekers to carefully strategize their approach to job application. And it’s especially important for those new to the work force. They should look at making themselves as attractive as possible to employers. For young people, information technology skills will play an increasing role in the future. As the generation to have grown up in the Information Age, they are quite confident when it comes to showing off their interests and skills in this field. This makes them a natural fit for Companies seeking expertise (专业技能) in technology, marketing and networking. They should emphasize these skills when applying for jobs that require the ability to multitask. Another attractive quality is experience. It’s important that an applicant’s resume list any activities that involved teamwork and goal-driven responsibilities. Membership in sports or social club and participation as a volunteer are good examples of this. These activities involve goal management and planning along with the ability to focus while competing on a team. When hiring committees see this, they see candidate who is capable of working in a variety of environments. Finally, an attractive quality when job-hunting is a great attitude toward potential job. Young job seekers are known to be overconfident because they have been praised for everything they have done. But they must realize that the employment market is about how an employee will be a good fit for a company, not the other way around. In fact, in an interview, an important question to ask is: “What would be expected of me as an employee?” In today’s tough job market, young job seekers need to provide a potential employer with good reasons to hire them. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】How can young people attract their future employers? First, they need to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in information technology. Second, they should include in their resumes the experiences that reflect they are cooperative and goal-oriented. Finally, they need to adopt a proper attitude, that is, taking future employers’ expectations into consideration. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了年轻人如何吸引他们未来的雇主。首先，他们需要展示自己在信息技术方面的知识和技能。第二，他们应该在简历中包含反映他们合作精神和目标导向的经历。最后，他们需要采取正确的态度，也就是考虑未来雇主的期望。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Thus, it’s of vital importance for job seekers to carefully strategize their approach to job application. ②They should look at making themselves as attractive as possible to employers. ③For young people, information technology skills will play an increasing role in the future. ④They should emphasize these skills when applying for jobs that require the ability to multitask. ⑤Another attractive quality is experience. It’s important that an applicant’s resume list any activities that involved teamwork and goal-driven responsibilities. ⑥Finally, an attractive quality when job-hunting is a great attitude toward potential job. ⑦In fact, in an interview, an important question to ask is: “What would be expected of me as an employee?” 2.缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行重组，将第5要点进行改写，将第6、7两个要点进行重组。 3.遣词造句 How can young people attract their future employers? First, they need to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in information technology. Second, they should include in their resumes the experiences that reflect they are cooperative and goal-oriented. Finally, they need to adopt a proper attitude, that is, taking future employers’ expectations into consideration. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Second, they should include in their resumes the experiences that reflect they are cooperative and goal-oriented. (该句运用了定语从句和宾语从句对要点5进行了重组，使句子结构复杂高级) [高分句型2] Finally, they need to adopt a proper attitude, that is, taking future employers’ expectations into consideration. (该句用“that is, …”引出了同位关系，对要点6和7进行了整合，表意清晰，言简意赅) V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets. 72 她们中谁可能当过排球教练？(may) （汉译英） 【答案】Who may have been a volleyball coach among them? 【解析】 【详解】考查疑问句和固定短语。此处对人提问，应用疑问词who；表示“可能做过”应用may have done；表示“排球教练”翻译为a volleyball coach；表示“她们中”应用among them。故翻译为Who may have been a volleyball coach among them? 73. 我看见他换上徒步鞋，向草坪走去。(make for) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I saw him put on his hiking shoes making for the lawn. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。事情已发生，时态用一般过去时，表示“看到某人做了某事”为 see sb. do sth.，表示“穿上”为动词短语put on，表示“他的徒步鞋”为his hiking shoes作宾语，表示“走向”为make for，表示“草坪”为the lawn，make for与宾语him之间是逻辑主动关系，make for用现在分词形式作状语。故翻译为I saw him put on his hiking shoes making for the lawn. 74. 妈妈将闹钟设为每六小时响一次，提醒自己该给宝宝量体温了。(reminder) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Mom sets the alarm clock for (once) every six hours as a reminder to take her baby s temperature 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语、不定式和时态。 根据句意陈述一般性事实，可知该句用一般现在时； 主语mom为第三人称单数； set the alarm clock设闹钟； 后接for every six hours 表示“把闹钟设置每六个小时响一次”；as a reminder 作为提醒，take sb's temperature给某人测体温；是“设闹钟”的目的，用不定式作目的状语， 故答案为Mom sets the alarm clock for every six hours as a reminder to take her baby’s temperature. 75. 在这个村落里，人们通常每餐只吃八分饱，但这种健康的饮食习惯最初是为了应对食物短缺的困境。(until) （汉译英） 【答案】People in the village often eat until they are 80% /80 percent full, but this healthy eating habit was developed/formed/intended to deal with /address/cope with (the poor/hard conditions/situation of) food shortage at first. In the village, people often eat until they are 80% /80 percent full. However, this healthy eating habit was developed/formed/intended to deal with /address/cope with (the poor/hard conditions/situation of) food shortage at first. 【解析】 【详解】考查时间状语从句、谓语动词的一般过去时的被动语态。表示“在这个村落里，人们”可以用介词短语作地点状语或者后置定语，即in the village, people 或者people in the village；表示“通常每餐只吃八分饱” often eat until they are 80% /80 percent full；表示“但”用however或者but；表示“这种健康的饮食习惯”用this healthy eating habit；表示“最初”用at first；表示“为了应对（解决）”用谓语动词的一般过去时的被动语态，即was developed/formed/intended to deal with /address/cope with；表示“食物短缺的困境”用food shortage或者the poor/hard conditions/situation of food shortage。故翻译为：People in the village often eat until they are 80% /80 percent full, but this healthy eating habit was developed/formed/intended to deal with /address/cope with (the poor/hard conditions/situation of) food shortage at first.或者In the village, people often eat until they are 80% /80 percent full. However, this healthy eating habit was developed/formed/intended to deal with /address/cope with (the poor/hard conditions/situation of) food shortage at first. VI. Guided Writing 76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生卢平，你校英语报向全体高三学生征文，题目为“My teachers”，你有意投稿，撰写一篇文章，内容包括: 1. 对遇到过的老师进行分类；2. 具体描述某一门科目的老师。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 As a senior three student in Mingqi High School, I’ve had the privilege of learning from numerous remarkable teachers who have left an indelible mark on my academic journey. Among them, I categorize them into three types: the inspirational, the demanding, and the approachable. The inspirational teachers ignite a passion for learning within us, making even the most complex subjects seem fascinating. The demanding ones push us to our limits, ensuring we reach our fullest potential. Lastly, the approachable teachers are our confidants, always ready to listen and guide us through both academic and personal challenges. Among these, my English teacher, Ms. Li, stands out as a beacon of knowledge and kindness. With her engaging teaching methods and patient explanations, she transforms every lesson into an adventure of discovery. She not only imparts grammar and vocabulary but also encourages us to think critically and express ourselves fluently. Her unwavering support and belief in me have been instrumental in my English language journey, making her not just a teacher but a mentor and a friend. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文中的投稿征文。学校英语报向全体高三学生征文，题目为“My teachers”，要求考生按照要求进行投稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 荣耀：privilege → honor 无法忘记的：indelible → unforgettable 激起：ignite → arouse 复杂：complex → complicated 吸引人的：fascinating → appealing 2.句型拓展 同义句转换 原句：With her engaging teaching methods and patient explanations, she transforms every lesson into an adventure of discovery. 拓展句：It is with her engaging teaching methods and patient explanations that she transforms every lesson into an adventure of discovery. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The inspirational teachers ignite a passion for learning within us, making even the most complex subjects seem fascinating.（运用了现在分词作状语） 【高分句型2】She not only imparts grammar and vocabulary but also encourages us to think critically and express ourselves fluently.（运用了not only...but also...结构） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$2018年普通高等学校。秋季招生。全国统一考试上海英语。卷听力one listening . comprehension section a directions in section a，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said, the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about IT, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. One, good morning. Can I help you? Yes, this dress is too long. Would you play shark net for me? Question, where does the conversation most probably take place? Two, jack, you look tired. Yes, I got piles of work to do, but IT gives me a great sense . of achievement in what can we learn about the man? Three, john, whats up? Why are you standing on the desk? The light suddenly went off. The bub must have burnt out. Question, what is the man most probably doing? Or I will take this room. How much is the rent? Well, two hundred pounds each month. You need to pay three months rent in advance, plus a positive one hundred pounds . question, according to the man, how much should the woman pay in total? Five, i'll take an interview for a part time librarian tomorrow. Don't worry, others stand no chance if you take the interview. Question, how does the man feel about the woman's chance of getting the job? Six, I couldn't sleep at all last night. The bed is not comfortable. Don't blame the bed. You should stop drinking wine. Question, what does the woman imply? Seven, andy, I bought a shirt for you. Thank you. I hope you get the receipt. I've put on some . weight question. What does the man imply? I'm terribly sorry, but your flight has been cancelled. What in that case? I hope you will put me up somewhere tonight. Question, what does the man expect the woman to do for him? Nine, a new hotel is looking for workers. They need three hundred new workers, but over four thousand people showed up. Yes, I saw the news on T. V. I still have my job. Thank goodness. Question, what are the speakers talking about? Then professor Smith explained the physics problem very clearly. did he? Unfortunately, IT is still all greek to me. Question, what can we learn from the conversation? Section b directions in section b, you will hear two passages in one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be ask several questions. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions eleven through thirteen are based on the following talk. With a fascinating past and more than four centuries of history, saint Augustine is one of the nation's older cities and an american treasure located on florida atlantic coast. IT is home to many fine examples of european architecture and wild scenic views. In fifteen thirteen, while looking for the story found on the youth and explorer, found this land and called IT love floria and claimed IT for spain. Then in fifteen sixty five, has spanish queer establish a settlement there and named in August. Except for the twenty years period of english rule, florida remained under spanish rule until the united states took control in eighteen twenty one. In the years after its founding, the city of saint Augustine was attacked by the french and english and by native americans, you are said, have shot flaming arrows at the city's defensive building, setting IT on fire. More recently, nature has stricken the region with hurricane Matthew in two thousand sixteen and armor in two thousand 1，still sa gusty, and doors as the region recovers. Visitors shouldn't overlook IT. Saint August has suffered much in its long history. Hopefully visitors will come and perhaps support the florida s. Coast recovery while discovering its centuries of history and miles. Now listen again, please, with a fascinating past and more than four centuries of history, saint Augustine is one of the nation's older cities and an american treasured located on florida atlantic coast. IT is home to many fine examples of european architecture and wild scenic views. In fifteen thirteen, while looking for the story, funda youth and explored found this land and called IT love florida, and claimed IT for spain. Then in fifteen sixty five, has spanish conquer established a settlement there and named the sane August. Except for the twenty year period of english rule, floria remained under spanish rule until the united states took control in eighteen twenty one. In the years after its founding, the city of saint Augustine was attacked by the french and english and by native americans. You are said to have shot flaming arrows at the city's defensive building, setting IT on fire. More recently, nature has stricken the region with heroes Matthew in two thousand sixteen and armor in two thousand seventeen still sent a gusty and doors as the region recovers. Visitors shouldn't overlook at saint Augustine has suffered much in its long history. Hopefully visitors will come and perhaps support the florida s. Coast recovery while discovering its centuries of history, and miles eleven. which country first governed florida in history. Twelve, which of the following statements is true of saint Augustine? Thirteen, what is the passage mainly about? Questions fourteen through sixteen are based on the following talk. Transport for london has a lost property office, which collects the items left behind as people flow through the city's transport system each day. IT is the biggest lost property office in europe, beaten globally only by tokyo s. Sixty five staff sort through hundreds of thousands of lost and forgotten items, each at the office, which is run by paul cohen. According to the latest data, cow's team dealt with over three hundred thousand items in the first quarter of the year as the data reveals very fewer claimed. For example, of the nearly thirteen thousand keys handed in the lost property last year, just under one thousand four hundred were return to their owners, says cohn. Overall, twenty percent of stock is claimed within three months. After that time, stock becomes the property of transport for london, and it's not necessarily the items you'd expect. I wonder, through the three basement floors that make up the lost property office gives us an idea of what we value enough to recover and what we're happy to let go. Coin has discovered something interesting about the complexity of lost shoes. He said, if you have one shoe, you are more likely to go looking for the other. If you lose two shoes, well, it's slightly out of sight, out of mind. He guesses. Many people regard loss as an opportunity to treat themselves to something. Now listen again, please. Transport for london has a lost property office, which collects the items left behind as people flow through the city's transport system each day. IT is the biggest lost property office in europe, beaten global only by tokyo s sixty five staff sort through hundreds of thousands of lost and forgotten items, each at the office, which is run by paul cowin. According to the latest data, cow's team dealt with over three hundred thousand items in the first quarter of the year as the data reveals very fewer claimed, for example, of the nearly thirteen thousand keys handed lost property last year, just under one thousand four hundred were return to their owners, says cohn. Overall, twenty percent of stock is claimed within three months. After that time, stock becomes the property of transport for london, and it's not necessarily the items you'd expect or wander through the three basement floors that make up the lost property office gives us an idea of what we value enough to recover hand, what we're happy to let go. Calvin has discovered something interesting about the complexity of lost shoes. He said, if you have one, two, you are more likely to go looking for the other. If you lose two shoes. Well, it's slightly out of sight, out of mind, he guesses, as many people regard loss as an opportunity to treat themselves . to something fourteen. What is the passage mainly about? Fifteen, which of the following is true of the lost items? Sixteen, according to cohen, why don't some people get their lost shoes back? Questions seventeen through twenty are based on the following conversation. If you like the outside, you're going to really love the inside. What a beautiful home. And I like the way the window screen gives you privacy . from the street you love IT. wow. They put a wine storage area in the kitchen. I love IT. The best part is the bedroom and attached bathroom. I love the relaxing colors of the wall and floor covering. I'd like to make an offer on this house . as your house agent. I'm here to take care of this process. How much were you planning on offering? I really like the house and will pay the full asking Price of three hundred and eighty thousand dollars. We'd Better leave ourselves on bargaining room. Let's to offer three hundred and fifty thousand dollars. That sounds good, but I don't want this house to get away from me. The market is fairly down right now, so the offer is a realistic one. They know if they accept the offer. the owners usually respond to an offer within a few days. Should I be contacting my bank? In the meantime. you're already prety qualified for your loan, so you're in good shape. Now listen again, please. If you like the outside, you are going to really love the inside. What a beautiful home. And I like the way the window screen gives you privacy from the street. Follow itchen love. wow. They put a wine storage area in the kitchen. I love IT. The best part is the bedroom and attached bathroom. I love the relaxed and colors of the wall and floor covering. I'd like to make an offer on this house . as your house agent. I'm here to take care of this process. How much were you planning on offering? I really like the house and will pay the full asking Price of three hundred and eighty thousand dollars. We'd Better leave ourselves on bargaining room. Let's offer three hundred and fifty thousand dollars. That sounds good, but I don't want this house to get away from me. The market is fairly down right now, so the offer is a realistic one. When will we know if they will accept the offer? The owners usually respond to an offer within a few days. Should I be contacting my bank in the meantime. you're already prequalified for your loan, so you're in good shape. Seventeen, what is the woman most probably doing? Eighteen, what does the woman like best in the kitchen? Nineteen what does the woman think of the man's offer on the house at first? Twenty, which of the following is true according to the passage? 绝密★启用前 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷) 英语试卷 (满分140分，考试时间120分钟) 考生注意： 答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. In a grocery B. In a cafe. C. At a tailor’s. D. At a toy shop 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He is pleased with his job. B. He is not satisfied with his work. C. He finds the huge workload unbearable. D. He finds his office much too big for him. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He is most probably checking whether everything is OK. B. He is most probably jumping from the desk. C. He is most probably repairing the desk. D. He is most probably changing the bulb. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. £200. B. £300. C. £600. D. £700. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. It’s difficult for the woman to get the job if she takes the interview. B. The woman can get the job if she takes the interview. C. The woman has less chance to get the job than others. D. The woman should work harder from now on if she wants to get the job. 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The man drinks too much wine. B. The man drinks little wine. C. The bed is too soft. D. The bed is too hard. 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He may change the shirt because it’s too large. B. He may change the shirt because it’s too small. C. He doesn’t like the color of the shirt. D. He likes the shirt. 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. To put him to another flight. B. To arrange the next flight. C. To take him to somewhere. D. To arrange his accommodation. 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The news on TV. B. Many people came to the new hotel. C. It is difficult for people to find a job. D. The man still has got a job. 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The woman thinks it easy to learn physics. B. The woman is good at physics. C. The man thinks Professor Smith explained the physics problem very clearly. D. The man can’t understand the physics problem. Section B Directions: In Section B you will hear two short passages, and one longer conversation, after each passage. The passages or conversation you will be asked several questions, the passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. Spain. B. France C. America D. England. 12. A. Visitors shouldn’t overlook it because it suffered a lot in history. B. Saint Augustine is the oldest city in the nation. C. Florida was ruled by Spanish until the United States took over it. D. Many visitors support the Florida’s coast recovery for its beauty. 13. A. Florida’s Atlantic coast. B. St. Augustine’s history. C. Spanish control over Florida. D. Spanish history. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. A lost property office in Europe. B. A lost property office in London. C. A lost property office in Tokyo. D. Paul Cowan’s office. 15. A. Lost items become the property of transport for London. B. Lost items are taken good care of by Cowan’s team. C. Almost all of the lost items were returned to their owners. D. Twenty percent of the lost items are claimed in three months’ time. 16. A. Because they think their lost shoes are useless. B. Because they have already bought new shoes. C. Because they would like to get a new pair. D. Because they can’t find their lost shoes. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. She is most probably bargaining for a house. B. She is most probably visiting one of her friends. C. She is most probably looking for a house. D. She is most probably contacting her bank for a house. 18. A. The kitchen attached bathroom. B. A wine storage area. C. The floor covering. D. The relaxing colors of the wall. 19. A. The price is reasonable. B. The price is too high. C. The price is low. D. The offer is unfair. 20. A. The woman will buy the house because the price is reasonable. B. The house is really good because the bathroom is attached to the bedroom. C. The inside of the house is better than the outside. D. The woman likes the house so much that she will buy it. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A comprehensive study of 4, 500 children conducted by the National Institutes of Health in 2018 shows that children who spent more than seven hours a day staring at screens showed evidence of premature thinning of their brain’s cortex-the outer layer that processes sensory information. “We don’t know if it ____21____ (cause) by the screen time. We don’t know yet if it’s bad thing. It won’t be until we follow them over time ____22____ we will see if there are outcomes that are associated with the differences that we’re seeing in this single snapshot,” Dr. Gaya Dowling. “What we can say is that this is ____23____ the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens. And it’s not just one pattern.” The problem isn’t just screens ____24____, but also the way screens tempt kids (and adults) away from something far more important: physical activity. More than 23 percent of adults and 80 percent of adolescents don’t get enough physical activity, and according to a 2019 report from the World Health Organization. (WHO), these patterns of activity and rest arise ____25____ habits we develop early in life, “What we really need to do is ____26____ (bring) back play for children,” says Dr. Juana Williamson, a WHO specialist in childhood obesity and physical activity, in a statement about new WHO guidelines issued in April 2019. This is about making the shift from sedentary time to playtime, while ____27____ (protect) sleep. Of course, children aren’t completely to blame for their screen addiction. Sometimes, the parents ____28____ complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. A 2016 study ____29____ (conduct) by Common Sense Media found that parents spend up to nine hours a day in front of screens, mostly not for work-related reasons. While 78 percent of parents said they believed they were good screen time role models, the study found a disconnect between their behavior and their perception of their behavior. Parents need to limit screen time for themselves and especially for their kids — _____30_____ it means playing the bad guy. Our mental and physical health depends on it. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. committed B. compared C. contact D. delegation E. destructive F. weak G. negotiate H. respelled I. similarity J. superiors K. witnessed Some Very “American” Words Come from Chinese On a recent program, we told you the stories of English words borrowed from other languages. Today, we will tell you about words that English has taken from Chinese. Many of the Chinese words that are now part of English were borrowed long ago. They are most often from Cantonese or other Chinese languages rather than Mandarin. Let’s start with kowtow. kowtow The English word kowtow is a verb that means to agree too easily to do what someone else wants you to do, or to obey someone with power in a way that seems ____31____. It comes from the Cantonese word kau tau, which means “knock your head.” It refers to the act of kneeling and lowering one’s head as a sign of respect to ____32____ — such as emperors, elders and leaders. In the case of emperors, the act required the person to touch their head to the ground. In 1793, Britain’s King George III sent Lord George Macartney and other trade ambassadors to China to ____33____ a trade agreement. The Chinese asked them to kowtow to the Qianlong Emperor. As the story goes, Lord Macartney refused for his ____34____ to do more than bend their knees. He said that was all they were required to do for their own king. It is not surprising, then, that Macartney left China without negotiating the trade agreement. After that, critics used the word kowtow when anyone was too submissive to China. Today, the usage has no connection to China, nor any specific political connection. gung-ho Another borrowed word that came about through ____35____ between two nations is gung-ho. In English, the word gung-ho is an adjective that means extremely excited about doing something. The Chinese characters “gōng” and “hé” together mean “work together, cooperate.” The original term — gõngyè hézuòshè — means Chinese Industrial Cooperatives. The organizations were established in the 1930s by Westerners in China to promote industrial and economic development. Lt. Colonel Evans Carlson of the United States Marine3 Corps4 observed these cooperatives while he was in China. He was impressed, saying “...all the soldiers ____36____ themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over.” He then began using the term gung-ho in the Marine Corps to try to create the same spirit he had ____37____. In 1942, he used the word as a training slogan for the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion during World War II. The men were often called the “Gung Ho Battalion.” From then, the word gung-ho spread as a slogan the Marine Corps. Today, its meaning has no relation to the military. typhoon In English, a typhoon is a very powerful and ____38____ storm that occurs around the China Sea and in the South Pacific. The word history of typhoon had a far less direct path to the English language than gung-ho. And not all historical accounts are the same. But, according to the Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, the first typhoons reported in the English language were in India and were called “touffons” or “tufans,” The word tufan or al-tufan is Arabic and means violent storm or flood. The English came across this word in India and borrowed it as touffon. Later, when English ships encountered violent storms in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantonese word tai fung, which means “great wind.” The word’s ____39____ to touffon is only by chance. The modern form of the word — typhoon — was influenced by the Cantonese but ____40____ to make it appear more Greek. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. When 17-year-old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends, they don’t drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates. ____41____, they stick to G-rated activities such as rock-climbing or talking about books. They are in good company, according to a new study showing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into ____42____.The study, published Tuesday in the journal Child Development, found that the percentage of adolescents in the U. S. who have a driver’s license, who have tried alcohol, who date, and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976, with the most precipitous ____43____ in the past decade. The declines appeared across race, geographic, and socioeconomic lines, and in rural, urban, and suburban areas. To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities, but the ____44____ have slimmed considerably. Between 1976 and 1979, 86 percent of high school seniors had gone on a date; between 2010 and 2015 only 63 percent People say, Oh, it’s because teenagers are more responsible, or more lazy, or more boring, “but they’re ____45____ the larger trend,” said Jean Twenge, lead author of the study, which drew on seven large time-lag surveys of Americans. Rather, she said, kids may be less ____46____ in activities such as dating, driving or getting jobs because in today’ s society. According to an evolutionary psychology theory that a person’s “life strategy” slows down or speeds up depending on his or her ____47____, exposure to a “harsh and unpredictable” environment leads to faster development, while a more resource-rich and secure environment has the ____48____ effect, the study said. In the first ____49____, “You’d have a lot of kids and be in survival mode, start having kids young, expect your kids will have kids young, and expect that there will be more _____50_____ and fewer resources,” said Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University who is the author of “iGen; Why Today’s Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy — and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood. A century ago, when life expectancy was lower and college education less prevalent, “the goal back then was survival, not violin lessons by 5,” Twenge said. In that model a teenage boy might be thinking more _____51_____ about marriage, and driving a car and working for pay would be important for “establishing mate value based on procurement of resources,” the study said. But America is shifting more toward the _____52_____ model, and the change is apparent across the socioeconomic spectrum, Twenge said. “Even in families whose parents didn’t have a college education... families are smaller, and the idea that children need to be carefully _____53_____ has really sunk in.” The _____54_____ of “adult activities” could not be attributed to more homework or extracurricular activities, the study said, noting that teens today spend fewer hours on homework and the same amount of time on extracurricular as they did in the 1990s ( with the exception of community service, which has risen slightly). Nor could the use of smartphones and the Internet be entirely the _____55_____, the report said, since the decline began before they were widely available. If the delay is to make room for creative exploration and forming better social and emotional connections, it is a good thing, he said. 41. A. Therefore B. Rather C. Moreover D. Besides 42. A. childhood B. neighborhood C. adolescents D. adulthood 43. A. escapes B. ends C. decreases D. changes 44 A. minorities B. majorities C. masses D. amounts 45. A. taking B. avoiding C. sending D. missing 46. A. interested B. envied C. relieved D. realized 47. A. emotions B. surroundings C. customs D. habits 48. A. wrong B. same C. opposite D. similar 49. A. event B. issue C. case D. occasion 50. A. trouble B. questions C. benefits D. diseases 51. A. respectively B. delicately C. seriously D. considerably 52. A. slower B. better C. smaller D. faster 53. A. emphasized B. related C. organized D. educated 54. A. implement B. postponement C. achievement D. payment 55. A. cause B. impact C. fact D. result Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Bitcoin and other so called crypt currencies have been all over the news lately. Apparently, the idea of money that’s not tied to a specific bank — or a specific country — is appealing to many. But it’s worth remembering that the banking system that we now all live with is just that: A modern invention. Not so long ago, money was almost always created and used locally, and bartering was common. (In fact, it still is common among many online local networks, like the Buy Nothing Project.). In the past, money’s makeup varied from place to place, depending on what was considered valuable there. So while some of the world’s first coins were made from a naturally occurring hybrid of gold and silver called electrum, objects other than coins have served as currency, including beads, ivory, livestock, and cowrie shells. In West Africa, bracelets of bronze or copper were used as cash, especially if the transaction was associated with the slave trade there. Throughout the colonial period, tobacco was used in lieu of coins or paper bills in Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina, even though it was used elsewhere in the colonies and extensively throughout Europe and the U.K. Today, on an island in the Pacific, a specific type of shell still serves as currency — and some people there are even hoarding it, just like Bitcoin moguls, convinced that one day, it will make them wealthy beyond imagination. On Malaita, the most-populated island that’s part of the Solomon Islands, shells are accepted at most places in “How much tuna you can get for your shells depends on their color and shape,” Mary Bruno, a shop owner from the small town of Auki, on Malaita, told Vice. “One strip of darker shells might get you about two cans of smaller tuna, but the red ones are worth more, For the red ones, one strip might get enough tuna to feed a big family for a long time. Just like a mint that creates coins, there’s only one place on the island where the shells, which are polished and strung together to form 3-foot-long ropes, are made. (You can see how that works in the video above.) The strips of red, white, and black shells all come from Langa Langa Lagoon, where artificial islands were long-ago built by locals to escape from the island-dwelling cannibals. Once marooned out on their islands, locals needed a currency to use among themselves, and so the shell currency was born. Using shells for money was common throughout the Pacific islands as late as the early 1900s, but Malaita is unique in that they are still used today. And just like crypto currencies, there are those who think the islanders are smart to invest in this type of money, which is reported to have risen in value over the last three decades. It might seem strange to hoard a bunch of processed, strung-together shells, but what is a pile of dollars? Just a specially printed piece of paper and hemp that we’ve assigned value to — and probably less durable over time than those shells. 56. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. Money was created and was widely used in the world. B. Tobacco was used as coins or paper bills in American in the past. C. The ingredients of world’s first coins may be the combination of gold and silver. D. Using shells for money has been out of date in the world. 57. The word “mint” in paragraph 4 is closest in the meaning to “_______________”. A. a kind of money that can exchange B. the leaves of a mint plant used fresh or candied C. a place to produce and polish shells D. a factory that produces currency 58. What’s opinion of the author towards shells for money? A. Reasonable. B. Imaginary. C. Convenient. D. Inventive. 59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. The History of Bitcoin B. Shells Still Money C. The Currency Is of Great Use D. Some Shells (B) How Do You Move a Giant Sequoia? The logistics of excavating (挖掘) and relocating town’s century-old, living sequoia (红杉) tree. Inhabitants of Boise, Idaho, watched with trepidation earlier this year as the city’s oldest, tallest resident moved two blocks. The 105-year-old sequoia tree serves as a local landmark, not only for its longevity but also because renowned naturalist and Sierra Club cofounder John Muir provided the original seedling. So, when Saint Luke’s Health System found that the 10-story-tall-conifer (针叶树) stood in the way of its planned hospital called tree-moving firm Environmental Design. The Texas-based company has developed and patented scooping and lifting technology to move massive trees. Weighing in at more than 800, 000 pounds, the Boise sequoia is its largest undertaking yet. “I [had] lost enough sleep over this,” says David Cox, the company’s Western region vice president — and that was before the hospital mentioned the tree’s distinguished origin. Before the heavy lifting began, the team assessed the root system and dug a five-foot-deep cylinder , measuring 40 feet in diameter, around the trunk to protect all essential roots. After encapsulating the root ball in wire mesh, the movers allowed the tree to acclimate to its new situation for seven months before relocating it. The illustration details what followed. — Leslie Nemo 1. Mark A. Merit and his team at Environmental Design installed underneath the root ball a platform of seven-inch-diameter,44-foot-long steelbars and, just below the rods, a first set of uninflated airbags ( shown in gray).The team also dug a shallow ramp. 2. In roughly 15 minutes, the movers inflated the airbags to about three feet in diameter to raise the root ball to the surface of the hole. 3. By underinflating the front bags, the team allowed the platform carrying the tree to roll up the ramp and out of the hole while staying level, A trailer hauled the tree along as team members removed the airbags from the back of the platform and replaced them in the front. They repeated the process until the tree arrived at the edge of its new home. 4. There a second set of partially inflated bags (shown in white) waited inside the hole. Soil surrounding the sequoia in its original location was relocated as well, because trees are more likely to survive a transplant when they move with their original soil. 5. Using the first set of airbags, the movers rolled the platform into the new hole. 6. The bags waiting there were then inflated further to take the weight of the sequoia while the transportation bags were deflated and removed from under the tree. 7. The white bags were then deflated in about half an hour to lower the sequoia’s root ball to the bottom of its hole, The bags were removed, but the metal bars were left with the tree because they rust and degrade over a number of years. 8. For the next five years the local park service will monitor and maintain the tree in its new home. 60. Which of the following words can be used to replace the words underlined “stood in the way of”? A. Resisted B. Balanced C. Blocked. D. Promoted. 61. What is the reason for the relocation of Sequoia trees? A. Because the Scooping and lifting technology should be put into use. B. Because it blocks local hospital expansion plans. C. Because it corresponds to government’s plan of Environmental Design. D. Because sequoia trees are over a hundred years old. 62. How will the migrated sequoia trees be dealt with? A. They will be given new soil in the new living environment. B. Metal rods used to move sequoia trees will not be left on the trees. C. They will be kept in transport bags all the time. D. They will be managed by specialists in the next five years. (C) Understand the Economic Concept of a Budget Line The term “budget line” has several related meanings, including a couple that are self-evident and a third that is not. The budget line as an Informal Consumer Understanding The budget line is an elementary concept that most consumers understand intuitively without a need for graphs and equations — it’s the household budget, for example. Taken informally, the budget line describes the boundary of affordability for a given budget and specific goods. Given a limited amount of money, a consumer can only spend that same amount buying goods. If the consumer has X amount of money and wants to buy two goods A and B, she can only purchase goods totaling X. If the consumer needs an amount of A costing 0.75, she can then spend only 0.25 X, the amount remaining, on her purchase of B. This seems almost too obvious to bother writing or reading about. As it turns out, however, this same concept-one that most consumers make many times each day with reflecting on it-is the basis of the more formal budget line concept in economics , which is explained below. Lines in a Budget Before turning to the economics definition of budget line, consider another concept: the line-item budget. This is effectively a map of future expenditures, with all the constituent expenditures individually noted and quantified. There’ s nothing very complicated about this usage, a budget line is one of the lines in the budget, with the service or good to be purchased named and the cost quantified, The Budget Line as an Economics Concept One of the interesting ways the study of economics relates to human behavior generally is that a lot of economic theory is the formalization of the kind of simple concept outlined above — a consumer’s informal understanding of the amount she has to spend and what that amount will buy. In the process of formalization, the concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation that can be applied generally. A Simple Budget Line Graph To understand this, think of a graph where the vertical lines quantify how many movie tickets. you can buy and where the horizontal lines do the same for crime novels. You like going to the movies and reading crime novels and you have $ 150 to spend, In the example below, assume that each movie costs $10 and each crime novel costs $15. The more formal economics term for these two items is budget set. If movies cost $ 10 each, then the maximum number of movies you can see with the money available is 15. To note this you make a dot at the number 15 (for total movie tickets) at the extreme left-hand side of the chart. This same dot appears at the extreme left above “0” on the horizontal axis because you have no money left for books — the number of books available in this example is 0. You can also graph the other extreme — all crime novels and no movies. Since crime novels in the example cost $15 and you have $150 available, if you spend all the available money crime novels, you can buy 10. So you put a dot on the horizontal axis at the number 10. You’ll place the dot at the bottom of the vertical axis because in this instance you have $0 available for movie tickets. If you now draw a line from the highest, leftmost dot to the lowest, rightmost dot you’ll have created a budget line. Any combination of movies and crime novels that falls below the budget line is affordable. Any combination above it is not. 63 Which sentence about the budget line is NOT TRUE? A. It is limitation of affordability for a given budget and specific goods. B. Most costumers will be confused with this concept because of its complex. C. It is the effectively a map of future expenditures. D. It can be expressed as a mathematical equation. 64. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To tell us any concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation. B. To help us figure out the meaning Budget Line. C. To tell us we should budget before we buy goods. D. To give an instruction of drawing a budget Line. 65. Assume that each movie costs 10 and each crime novel costs, $15, you have $150. Which is RIGHT according to this passage? A. The maximum number of movies you can see is 10. B. The maximum number of crime novels you can buy is 15. C. You can buy 7 crime novels and, see 5 movies. D. You can buy 7 crime novels and see 4 movies. 66. What is the best title of this passage? A Do we really know the economic concept of a budget line? B. The Budget Line as an Economics Concept. C. The Budget Line as an Informal Consumer Understanding D. The Complex Concept — Budget Line Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Magazine Articles More Valuable Than You May Think Parents are often surprised when teachers suggest their children read magazines. Read on to learn about the benefits that reading magazines offers to young readers and how to introduce your children to the medium. Magazine Benefits Magazine articles can provide reluctant readers with a lively, breezy writing style that can inspire them to read more. The articles in magazines are generally short, which allows a child to finish reading a feature article without losing interest due to short attention span. The writing in magazines also tends to be easy to read, especially if it is a children’s publication. By allowing your child to read magazines at an early age, you are encouraging development of a useful skill. ____67____ Getting into the habit of reading periodicals as a child will foster the habit of reading news articles that may continue into adulthood. ____68____ Magazine articles challenge students to think about issues they may have never considered or cause them to rethink their world view. Information is available in a wide variety of reading levels because magazines are written for every audience imaginable. Many publications cover the same material in different writing styles that might make it easier for your child to comprehend. Magazine Activities Reading magazines as a family can be used to introduce each other to the various interests that each family member possesses. When your children are finished with their magazines encourage them to pass their issue on to a sibling or other family member. Once each family member has finished reading each magazine, you can use them for art and writing projects. These projects are for family members of all ages: 1. Cut out pictures to help your preschool and kindergarten children learn their alphabet, numbers, and colors. 2. ____69____ Paste the picture at the top of a page and have them write a story about what is happening or what the picture represents. 3. Clip pictures to create a collage. Many teenagers love using their artistic talents to collage. ____70____ The skills that students utilize and strengthen when reading magazines can be applied to higher level reading and other academic subjects. Encouraging your child to read by giving them a magazine subscription could cause them to take the leap from being reluctant reader to a voracious page-turner. A. The format of magazines enables children to be exposed to a wide variety of wide subjects. B. Magazines and newspapers provide adults with critical news. C. Being exposed to magazines and newspapers benefits you a lot. D. Keep interesting magazine pictures to give children story ideas. E. Magazines are valuable assets for many people, but in particular to children. F. Magazines and newspapers are expensive now but out of style IV. Summary Writing 71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Becoming an Attractive Employee The 2008 financial crisis created an unstable job market. Fast-forward to the present, an economy has not fully recovered. Thus, it’s of vital importance for job seekers to carefully strategize their approach to job application. And it’s especially important for those new to the work force. They should look at making themselves as attractive as possible to employers. For young people, information technology skills will play an increasing role in the future. As the generation to have grown up in the Information Age, they are quite confident when it comes to showing off their interests and skills in this field. This makes them a natural fit for Companies seeking expertise (专业技能) in technology, marketing and networking. They should emphasize these skills when applying for jobs that require the ability to multitask. Another attractive quality is experience. It’s important that an applicant’s resume list any activities that involved teamwork and goal-driven responsibilities. Membership in sports or social club and participation as a volunteer are good examples of this. These activities involve goal management and planning along with the ability to focus while competing on a team. When hiring committees see this, they see candidate who is capable of working in a variety of environments. Finally, an attractive quality when job-hunting is a great attitude toward potential job. Young job seekers are known to be overconfident because they have been praised for everything they have done. But they must realize that the employment market is about how an employee will be a good fit for a company, not the other way around. In fact, in an interview, an important question to ask is: “What would be expected of me as an employee?” In today’s tough job market, young job seekers need to provide a potential employer with good reasons to hire them. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets. 72. 她们中谁可能当过排球教练？(may) （汉译英） 73. 我看见他换上徒步鞋，向草坪走去。(make for) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________ 74. 妈妈将闹钟设为每六小时响一次，提醒自己该给宝宝量体温了。(reminder) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________ 75. 在这个村落里，人们通常每餐只吃八分饱，但这种健康的饮食习惯最初是为了应对食物短缺的困境。(until) （汉译英） VI. Guided Writing 76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生卢平，你校英语报向全体高三学生征文，题目为“My teachers”，你有意投稿，撰写一篇文章，内容包括: 1. 对遇到过老师进行分类；2. 具体描述某一门科目的老师。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$