Unit 12 Better Together(知识清单)英语新教材仁爱科普版七年级下册

2025-04-15
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语仁爱科普版七年级下册
年级 七年级
章节 Unit 12 Better Together
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-单元练习
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
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文件大小 823 KB
发布时间 2025-04-15
更新时间 2026-01-22
作者 小小圈儿
品牌系列 上好课·上好课
审核时间 2025-04-15
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Unit 12 Better Together Preparing for the Topic 词汇认知 1. __________(n.) 戏;剧 2. __________(n.) 报纸 3. __________(v.) 欢呼,加油;鼓励 4. __________(v.) 射门,投篮;射击,发射 5. __________(v.) 训练;练习 6. __________(n.) 洞;孔;坑 7. __________(v.) 踢;射门得分 (n.) 踢 8. __________(v.) 失败,未能(做到);不及格 9. __________(adj.) 确实的;真正的 10. __________(n.) 技巧;技能 11. __________(n.) 团队合作 12. __________(n.) 运动员;游戏者;参赛选手 短语积累 1. school __________ __________ 学校戏剧表演 2. blackboard __________ __________ 黑板报制作 3. __________ a __________ 挖个洞 4. __________ the __________ 划船 5. __________ sb. __________ 为某人加油 6. __________ the ball 投篮;射门 7. __________ away 立即;马上 8. __________ __________ 表演;穿上 9. __________ the floors 扫地 10. __________ __________ the rubbish 丢垃圾 11. be __________ __________ sb. 对某人生气 12. __________ __________ 向……学习 13. __________ sth. __________ sb. 把某物踢给某人 14. __________ good __________ 有很好的技术 15. __________ __________ (使) 振作起来 16. __________ __________ do sth. 没能做成某事 句型归纳 1. __________ did you __________ __________ in the tree __________? 你们在植树活动中是如何合作的? 2. I __________ a hole and Li Xiang __________ a small tree __________ the hole. 我挖了个坑,李翔把一棵小树放进坑里。 3. Wang Junfeng __________ the tree. 王俊峰给树浇了水。 4. We __________ our __________ to row the boat and our teacher __________ us __________. 我们尽全力划桨,老师为我们加油鼓劲。 5. I __________ the ball __________ Zhou Weilun and he __________ the ball __________ __________. 我把球传给周伟伦,他立刻投篮。 6. We __________ together many __________ and __________ our best to __________ __________ the show. 我们一起多次排练,尽全力呈现这场演出。 7. __________ __________ you __________ me the football, Li Xiang? 李翔,你为什么不把足球传给我? 8. I tried to __________ it __________ you, but I __________ . 我想把球踢给你,但没踢好。 9. You tried __________ best. Class Two is a __________ team. 你已经尽力了。二班是一支顶尖的队伍。 10. They have good __________ and __________ . 他们有出色的技术和团队合作。 11. One player __________ make a __________. 单凭一个球员成不了一支队伍。 12. Let’s help __________ __________ and __________ more about teamwork. 让我们互相帮助,多学习团队合作。 13. Let’s practice __________ and do __________ next time. 我们多练习,下次会做得更好。 14. __________ can we __________ __________ the story? 我们能从这个故事中学到什么? 15. __________ __________! 振作起来! 16. __________ __________. 的确如此。 17. __________ __________, Li Xiang. 对不起,李翔。 18. __________ __________ __________. 没关系。 Exploring the Topic 词汇认知 1. __________(n.) 出租汽车 2. __________ (n.) 剪纸艺术 3. __________(v.) (使)分开,分散,分割,分成 4. __________(v.) 开始变得;成为 5. __________(n.) 队友 6. __________(n.) 心;心脏 7. __________(adj.) 亲密的;密切的 (v.) 关;关闭 8. __________(v.) 改进 9. __________(n.) 英雄 10. __________(n.) 工程师;设计师 11. __________(n.) 公司 12. __________(n.) 村民;乡村居民 13. __________(adj.) 美味的;可口的 14. __________(n.) 方式;方法;途径 15. __________(n.) 丧失;损失 16. __________(n.) 味道;鉴赏力 (v.) 有……味道;尝,品;吃,喝 17. __________(n.) 困难;困境 18. __________(n.) 说话声;嗓音 19. __________(adv.) 自豪地;骄傲地 20. __________(n.) 油画;画作 21. __________(v.) 讨论;谈论 22. __________(n.) 书写;写作;笔迹 23. __________(v.) 听起来好像 (n.) 声音 24. __________(n.) 足球,足球运动 25. __________(n.) 水道;航道 26. __________(n.) 地下通道;隧道 27. __________(adj.) 困难的 28. __________(n.) 项目;方案;专题研究 29. __________(adj.) 英国的;英国人的 短语积累 1. __________...__________... 把……划分成…… 2. a __________ __________ 一项团队运动 3. __________ the match 输掉比赛 4. do __________ __________对……有好处 5. __________friends 亲密的朋友 6. __________ the __________一直;总是 7. feel __________ 怜悯;同情 8. _______ _______ _______ _______ ________do sth. 下定决心做某事 9. try __________ __________ __________do sth. 想方设法做某事 10. __________ __________ 卖光 11. the __________ of ……的味道 12. __________ water and soil __________严重的水土流失 13. have __________ in __________ sth. 在某方面有困难 / 做某事有困难 14. __________ the soil 改良土壤 15. a __________ voice 响亮的声音 16. work __________ 为……工作 / 效劳 17. __________ last 最后;终于 18. work __________ 计算出;解决 19. __________ soccer 踢足球 20. __________ and over __________ 多次;反复地 21. __________ the __________year 在第一年 22. __________ __________ with sth./doing sth. 继续某事 / 做某事 句型归纳 1. Li Xiang __________ __________and __________ his left leg.李翔摔倒了,左腿受伤了。 2. Lingling __________ __________ Li Xiang, and Kangkang __________ a taxi.玲玲照顾李翔,康康叫了一辆出租车。 3. __________ the paper-cut activity of our group, our classroom was in _____ _______ ________.我们小组的剪纸活动结束后,教室一片混乱。 4. We __________ ourselves __________ three groups. __________ group cleaned the desks and the blackboard. __________ put the desks and chairs in order. The __________ swept the floor and took out the waste.我们分成三组。一组擦桌子和黑板,另一组整理桌椅,第三组扫地并清理垃圾。 5. Basketball is a __________ sport. There are five players in __________ team.篮球是一项团队运动,每队有五名球员。 6. Players must __________ the ball __________ the __________ teammates.球员必须把球传给合适的队友。 7. When a team __________ the match, the team players should __________ __________ each other.当球队输掉比赛时,队员应该互相鼓励。 8. The best team players play __________ each other, not __________ with each other.最优秀的团队球员为彼此而战,而不仅仅是一起比赛。 9. Five great players __________ not always __________ a basketball game, but five players __________ one heart always __________.五个优秀的球员不一定总能赢比赛,但五个同心协力的球员一定能赢。 10. Teamwork can do good __________ us __________many ways.团队合作在很多方面对我们有好处。 11. __________ , we always help each other and we are __________ friends. __________ , we cheer ourselves up, so we can be __________ all the time. __________ , we practice together and __________ our skills.首先,我们互相帮助,成为亲密的朋友;其次,我们互相鼓励,保持积极状态;第三,我们一起练习,提升技能。 12. __________ a good team, the members are always __________ friends, __________ teammates and __________ players.在一个优秀的团队中,成员既是亲密的朋友、积极的队友,也是出色的球员。 13. The oranges were __________ but didn’t sell __________ . 橙子很美味,但销路不好。 14. He __________ with three of his friends and __________ __________ an online shop to sell the oranges. 他和三个朋友回来,开了一家网店卖橙子。 15. Zhou’s team tried __________ means to let people __________ the tasty oranges, and shoppers could get the oranges __________ just one or two days __________ online shopping. 周的团队想尽一切办法让人们知道这些美味的橙子,顾客通过网购只需一两天就能收到橙子。 16. __________ , they sold __________ all the oranges. 很快,他们卖光了所有的橙子。 17. That’s __________ water and soil __________ . 那就是严重的水土流失。 18. Water and soil are __________ __________ the __________ of the oranges. 水土对橙子的口感很重要。 19. __________ __________ this problem, Zhou’s team helped __________ the water ways and __________ the soil. 为解决这个问题,周的团队帮助改变了水道并改良了土壤。 20. Zhou and his friends __________ __________ stay and help bring more __________ to their hometown. 周和他的朋友们决定留下来,帮助家乡带来更多变化。 21. There is a __________ rain. It is raining __________ . 下大雨了。雨下得很大。 22. The library is __________ . We should speak __________ to each other. 图书馆很安静。我们应该轻声交谈。 23. My grandmother can only hear a __________ voice. My grandfather speaks to her __________ .我奶奶只能听见响亮的声音。我爷爷大声和她说话。 24. We first discussed __________ __________ make the poster. We __________ to each other and __________ our ideas. 我们首先讨论如何制作海报。我们互相倾听并分享想法。 25. Kangkang, did our class or Class Three __________ the football game? 康康,我们班和三班哪个赢了足球赛? 26. Class Three __________ , but we all __________ fun. 三班赢了,但我们都玩得很开心。 27. __________ __________! Can Xiao Ya and I __________ you next time? 听起来很有趣!我和肖雅下次能加入吗? 28. Sure. Welcome __________ __________ us. 当然。欢迎加入我们。 29. There are three __________ , two for __________ and one for __________ . 有三条隧道,两条用于火车,一条用于工人。 30. They dug about 2 kilometers from each side in the first year, but the digging __________ __________ ________ ________ two years later. 第一年他们从两边各挖了约 2 公里,但两年后挖掘工作停止了。 31. Should they __________ __________ or __________ __________ digging? 他们应该放弃还是继续挖掘? Developing the Topic 基础词汇 1. __________(n.) 梦想;梦 (v.) 做梦 2. __________(n.) 粉笔 3. __________(v.) 复制;复印 (n.) 复印件,副本 4. __________(v.,n.) 支持 5. __________(n.) 任务,工作;活动 短语积累 1. __________ __________ 实现 2. __________ beautiful music 创作动听的音乐 3. the team __________ 队长 4. __________ __________ __________ 想出;提出 5. __________ chalks 彩色粉笔 6. __________ each other 互相支持 7. be __________ __________对……感到满意 句型归纳 1. Teamwork __________ the dream __________ __________.团队合作使梦想成真。 2. __________ , we can do so __________ ; together, we can do so __________.独自一人,我们能做的很少;携手合作,我们能做的很多。 3. Last week, our group __________ a great blackboard newspaper. It was a wonderful teamwork __________ !上周,我们小组制作了一份很棒的黑板报。这是一次精彩的团队合作经历! 4. It was not ______ easy job. ______ the team head, I gave my teammates different __________.这不是一项容易的工作。作为组长,我给队友分配了不同的任务。 5. Xiao Ya __________ ________ ________ some ideas and Li Xiang drew the pictures __________ colored __________; Lingling wrote the __________ and I __________ them on the blackboard.肖雅提出了一些想法,李翔用彩色粉笔绘画;玲玲写故事,我把故事抄在黑板上。 6. When we had __________ , we __________ and __________ each other. 遇到困难时,我们互相帮助、互相支持。 7. We were all very __________ , but we tried to __________ some time _____ it together after school. 我们都很忙,但尽量放学后一起花时间做这件事。 8. __________ the students and teachers liked our blackboard newspaper. We were happy __________ our teamwork. 所有师生都喜欢我们的黑板报。我们对这次团队合作感到满意。 Wrapping up the Topic 词汇认知 1. __________(n.) 目标,目的;球门 2. __________(v.) 面临,必须对付(某情况);面对,面向 (n.) 脸 3. __________(n.,v.) 信任;信赖 4. __________(adj.) 工作努力的;辛勤的 5. __________(n.) 午餐;午饭 6. __________(n.) 彩虹 7. __________(n.) 错误,失误 (v.) 误解,误会 8. __________(n.) 和平;平静 短语积累 1. the __________ __________... ……的目标 2. __________ __________ in sb./sth. 建立对……的信任 3. __________ __________ 渡过;经历;穿过 4. __________ __________ 在工作中 5. feel __________ __________do sth. 做某事感到幸运 6. _______the __________ __________ of the game 在比赛的上半场 7. __________on __________ sth. 继续做某事 8. __________ __________ 犯错 9. get __________ __________ each other 彼此生气 10. __________ a meeting 开会 11. __________ __________ 和解 12. in the __________ __________在下半场 句型归纳 1. _____ _____ difficult __________ clean the top of the blackboard.擦黑板顶部很困难。 2. Kangkang __________ on a chair and Lingling __________.康康站在椅子上,玲玲帮忙。 3. __________, let the members __________ their jobs.首先,让成员明确各自的工作。 4. Everyone __________ his part, and together they finish the work __________ a team.每个人各司其职,共同完成团队工作。 5. Second, all the members should know __________ __________ do their jobs.其次,所有成员应知道如何完成自己的工作。 6. ______one member of a team __________ , then the team will not __________the teamwork.如果团队中某一成员失败,整个团队将无法完成任务。 7. Lastly, everyone should listen to the __________and __________of other members in the team.最后,每个人都应倾听团队其他成员的想法和意见。 8. This helps ________ ________ ______ each other.这有助于建立彼此的信任。 9. ______ a sunny morning, Wang Junfeng and his friends __________a football match __________ the school __________.一个晴朗的早晨,王俊峰和朋友们在学校操场进行了一场足球比赛。 10. Wang Junfeng is a very good __________, but some of his __________ are not very __________ _______ this sport.王俊峰是一名优秀的球员,但部分队友不太擅长这项运动。 11. __________ the first __________ of the game, Wang Junfeng’s team kept on __________ mistakes.比赛上半场,王俊峰的队伍不断失误。 12. Zhao Le and Ma Xiaochao even got __________ __________ each other.赵乐和马晓超甚至互相生气。 13. __________ the break, Wang Junfeng __________ a meeting as the team __________.中场休息时,王俊峰作为队长召开会议。 14. He said, “Boys, we must play _____ _____ __________. Football is a team sport.”他说:“兄弟们,我们必须团队协作,足球是一项团队运动。” 15. Zhao and Ma also __________ __________.赵乐和马晓超也和好了。 16. In the __________ __________, they started __________ the ball better and __________ each other.下半场,他们开始更好地传球并互相支持。 17. When the match __________ , they __________ the game, 1–3.比赛结束时,他们以1-3输掉了比赛。 18. They all __________ the fun in __________ football __________a team.他们都找到了团队踢球的乐趣。 Pronunciation 元音 Letter or ow ui ur ure Sound /ɜː/ /əʊ/ /u:/ /ɜː/ /jʊə(r)/ Word teamwork word tomorrow slow juice fruit purpose nurse pure cure 辅音 Letter tion y Sound /ʃn/ /j/ /ɪ/ /aɪ/ Word nation station young year city tidy sky fly Grammar in Use 语法 1. The suffix -ly 副词的构成规则 2. Conjunctions and/but/or 并列连词 and/but/or的用法 【考点1】 We tried our best to row the boat and our teacher cheered us on. 我们尽全力划桨,老师为我们加油鼓劲。 1. 短语结构:try one's best (to do sth.) ,意为“尽某人最大的努力(做某事)”。 one's 需与句子主语的人称和数一致: 主语是第一人称复数 we,故用our; 若主语是第三人称单数 he/she,则为try his/her best。 核心用法:后接不定式(to do)作目的状语,强调“努力的方向”。 同义表达:do one's best (to do sth.) (用法完全一致,可互换)。 例:We tried/ did our best to win the game.(我们尽全力赢得比赛。) 常见误区:不可省略one's或用宾格(如不能说try best或try us best),必须用形容词性物主代词(our/his/her/their 等)。 2. 短语:cheer sb. on,意为“为某人加油;鼓励某人”。 cheer是动词,on是副词(构成“动副结构”短语动词)。 宾语位置: 当宾语是代词(us/them/him/her)时,必须放在cheer和on 之间(如 cheer us on); 当宾语是名词(the team/the players)时,可放在中间或后面(如 cheer the team on = cheer on the team)。 近义词与区别: encourage sb. (鼓励某人):直接接宾语,无需介词(如:Our teacher encouraged us.); cheer sb. on 更强调“通过欢呼、喝彩来鼓励”,侧重“现场加油”的场景。 【典例】 1. My friends __________ me __________when I gave my first speech. 2. The team ______ (try) their best to win the match yesterday, and their fans ______ (cheer) them ______ loudly. 3. She did her best to solve the problem.(同义句转换) She __________ __________ __________ __________ solve the problem 【考点2】I passed the ball to Zhou Weilun and he shot the ball right away. 我把球传给周伟伦,他立刻投篮。 【详解】 1. pass(及物动词,过去式 passed) 短语:pass sth. to sb. 表示“把某物传递给某人” 有两种结构: pass sth. to sb.(强调传递的方向,介词 to 后接动作对象) 例:She passed a note to me during class.(她在课上递了一张纸条给我。) pass sb. sth.(直接接双宾语,sb. 为间接宾语,sth. 为直接宾语) 例:He passed me the salt.(他把盐递给我。) 注意:当直接宾语是代词(如 it/them)时,只能用 pass sth. to sb. 结构: 2. shot(动词 shoot 的过去式) shoot sth. 此处表示“(足球、篮球等)射门;投篮”,后直接接宾语(如 the ball)。 例:He shot the ball into the net and scored a goal.(他射门入网,进了一球。) 拓展用法:shoot 还可表示“射击;拍摄”,需根据语境区分: 射击:shoot a gun(开枪)/ shoot at sb.(朝某人射击,强调动作方向,不及物) 拍摄:shoot a movie(拍电影) 3. right away(副词短语,作时间状语),意为“立刻;马上”,等同于 at once,强调动作的紧迫性。通常位于句末,也可位于句首(用逗号隔开)。 句末:He left the room right away.(他立刻离开了房间。) 句首:Right away, she called her friend for help.(她立刻打电话向朋友求助。) 短语辨析:right away 与right now均表示“立刻”,但 right now 更强调“此时此刻”(可用于现在进行时)。 例:I need to finish this task right now.(我现在需要完成这项任务。) 【典例】 1. I passed the ball__________ Zhou Weilun and he __________ (shoot) it right __________. 我把球传给周伟伦,他直接把球射了出去。 【考点3】We practiced together many times and tried our best to put on the show. 我们一起多次排练,尽全力呈现这场演出。 【详解】 1. practice 作动词,常见用法为“practice doing sth.”,表示“练习做某事”, 例:practice speaking English(练习说英语) 作名词,意为“练习;实践” ,是不可数名词;作“惯例;习惯做法”讲时,是可数名词 ,如“it's a common practice(这是常见的做法 )” 。 变形:第三人称单数形式practices ,现在分词practicing ,过去式和过去分词practiced 。 2. time 作“时间”讲时,是不可数名词 ,如“much time(很多时间)” ; 作“次数;倍数”讲时,是可数名词 ,本句“many times(许多次)” 中就是“次数”的意思 。 常见短语有all the time(一直),at the same time(同时),in time(及时) ,on time(按时)等 。 3. put on常见含义 “上演;演出” ,如本句put on the show(呈现这场演出 ); “穿上;戴上” ,例如put on your coat(穿上你的外套 ) ; “增加(体重、速度等 )” ,例如put on weight(体重增加 ) 。 它是“动词 + 副词”结构,宾语是代词时,要放在put和on中间 ,如“put it on” ;宾语是名词时,可放在中间或后面,如“put the coat on / put on the coat” 。 【典例】 1.My sister often practices ______ the piano after school. A. play B. to play C. playing 2. We should arrive at the meeting ______. A. in time B. on time C. at the same time 3. You'd better ______ your hat. It's cold outside. A. put on B. put it on C. put on it 4. They spent a lot of ______ (time) doing their homework. 【考点4】Why was Wang Junfeng angry with Li Xiang? 王俊峰为什么生李想的气? 【详解】 1. angry 形容词(adj.),意为“生气的;愤怒的”,描述人因不满、失望或受委屈等产生的情绪。 例:She was angry because he forgot her birthday.(她生气是因为他忘了她的生日。) 短语搭配: be angry with sb. 对某人生气(强调针对人)。 例:Wang Junfeng was angry with Li Xiang for breaking his bike.(王军峰因李翔弄坏了他的自行车而生气。) 介词辨析: with 后接 “人”,表示生气的对象; 接“事”,需用at 或about,即 be angry at/about sth.(因某事生气)。 例:He is angry at/about the noisy environment.(他因嘈杂的环境而生气。) be angry + 从句,说明生气的原因。 例:I’m angry that you lied to me.(我生气你对我撒谎。) 副词形式:angrily(adv. 生气地),修饰动词,作状语。 例:She shouted angrily, “Don’t touch my things!”(她生气地喊道:“别碰我的东西!”) 名词形式:anger(n. 愤怒;怒气)。不可数名词,可与动词搭配:show anger(表现出愤怒)、control anger(控制怒气)。例:His face turned red with anger.(他气得脸都红了。) 【典例】 1. —Why is your mother so ________? —Because I forgot to finish my homework. A. angry B. angrily C. anger 2. He ________ ________ ________ his brother ________breaking the cup. 他因弟弟打破了杯子而生气。 3. She spoke ______________ (angry) to her son when she saw the mess. 【考点5】I tried to kick it to you, but I failed. 我想把球踢给你,但没踢好。 【详解】 1. kick 动词,意为 “踢”(强调用脚的动作)。 常见搭配: kick sth. to sb. = kick sb. sth.(双宾语结构):把某物踢给某人 例:He kicked the ball to me. = He kicked me the ball.(他把球踢给我。) kick at sth./sb.:朝某物 / 某人踢(强调动作方向,未必踢中) 例:The dog kicked at the door in anger.(狗生气地朝门踢去。) 原句 I tried to kick it to you 中,使用 kick sth. to sb. 结构,“it” 指代球,强调 “踢给对方” 的目标。 2. fail 动词,意为 “失败;未能(做到)”。 常见搭配: fail (to do sth.)(不及物用法):未能做成某事(强调结果未达成) 例:He tried to climb the mountain but failed.(他尝试爬山,但失败了。) 本句中 but I failed = “但我未能成功(把球踢给你)”,省略了不定式 “to kick it to you”,避免重复。 fail to do sth.(及物用法):明确接不定式,表示 “未能做某事” 例:She failed to catch the bus.(她没赶上公交车。) fail in (doing) sth.:在(做)某事上失败(强调在某领域或某事中未成功) 例:He failed in the math exam.(他数学考试不及格。) 词性拓展: 名词:failure(失败;失败者 / 事) 例:His failure in the game made him sad.(他在比赛中的失败让他难过。)。 【典例】 1. She tried to kick the ball ______ her friend, but it went out of bounds. A. at B. to C. for D. with 2. His ______ (fail) in the competition made him very sad. 3. The player ______ (kick) the ball into the wrong goal by mistake. 【考点6】Cheer up! 振作起来! 【详解】 cheer (v.),(为某人 / 某事)欢呼;喝彩(表达支持、兴奋或鼓励)。 例:The audience cheered loudly when the singer appeared.(歌手出场时,观众大声欢呼。) 使高兴;使振作(= cheer up,及物用法,后接人作宾语)。 例:Your words cheered me a lot.(你的话让我振作了许多。) 短语搭配: cheer for sb./sth.:为某人 / 某事欢呼(表支持)。 例:We cheered for our team during the match.(比赛中我们为自己的队伍加油。) cheer sb. up:使某人振作起来(重点短语,详见下方解析)。 cheer on:鼓励;为…… 打气(后接人,强调支持行动)。 例:The coach cheered the players on before the game.(教练在赛前为队员们打气。) 词形变化: 形容词:cheerful(adj. 快乐的;令人愉快的)例:She has a cheerful smile.(她的笑容很开朗。) 副词:cheerfully(adv. 高兴地;愉快地) 例:They worked cheerfully together.(他们一起愉快地工作。) 【典例】 1. We should ______ our friends when they are in trouble. A. cheer up B. cheer for C. cheer on D. cheer at 2. She was in a bad mood, so I tried to ______. A. cheer up her B. cheer her up C. cheer up she D. cheer she up 【考点7】We divided ourselves into three groups. 我们把自己分成了三组。 【详解】divide(v.),基本含义:划分;分割;分配(强调将整体分成若干部分)。 例句:We divided the cake into three pieces.(我们把蛋糕分成了三块。) 短语搭配: divide sth. into sth.(重点考点):把某物分成……(into 后接划分的结果或组别)。 例:The teacher divided the class into four groups.(老师把班级分成了四组。) divide sb./oneself into...:把某人 / 自己分成……(反身代词强调主动划分)。 本句中 divided ourselves into three groups 即 “把我们自己分成三组”,体现团队主动分组的行为。 【典例】 1. The students ______ themselves ______ small teams to discuss the problem. 学生们把自己分成小组来讨论这个问题。 【考点8】Only ten minutes later, our classroom became clean again.仅仅十分钟后,我们的教室又变得干净了。 【详解】辨析:become、get、go、turn 1. become 用法:强调事物发展的结果或状态的变化,可接形容词、名词等,体现变化的过程。 例句: He became a doctor after years of study.(接名词,强调最终成为医生的结果) The sky became dark when the storm came.(接形容词,描述天空从亮到暗的变化) 2. get 用法:口语化,后接形容词,侧重逐渐变化的过程。 例句: It’s getting warmer day by day.(表示天气逐渐变暖的过程) She got tired after a long walk.(强调长时间走路后逐渐感到疲惫) 3. go 用法:多表示向不好的方向转变,后接形容词。 例句: The milk went sour.(牛奶变酸,指向不好的变化) His hair went grey when he was under great pressure.(头发变白,暗示压力带来的不良影响) 4. turn 用法:常用于颜色、性质等的变化,强调短期内的转变。 例句: The leaves turn green in spring.(春天树叶变绿,体现季节更替下的短期变化) The water turned cold quickly.(水很快变冷,突出变化的迅速) 【典例】 1. After the rain stopped, the sky ______ blue. A. became B. got C. went D. turned 2. The food will ______ bad if you don't put it in the fridge. A. become B. get C. go D. turn 3. The little boy __________ interested in painting after visiting the art museum. 那个小男孩在参观了艺术博物馆后对绘画产生了兴趣。 4. The weather is __________ colder these days. 这些天天气变得更冷了。 【考点9】Teamwork can do good to us in many ways.团队合作在很多方面对我们有好处。 【详解】短语 do good to sb.,意为 “对某人有好处”,强调某事物对人的积极影响或益处 。 其他常见 “good” 相关短语: be good at (doing) sth.:擅长(做)某事 。 例:She is good at drawing.(她擅长画画。) be good for sb./sth.:对某人 / 某物有益 。 例:Eating more vegetables is good for your health.(多吃蔬菜对你的健康有益。) be good with sb./sth.:善于应付某人 / 处理某事;与…… 相处得好 。 例:He is good with kids.(他善于和孩子相处。) be good to sb.:对某人友好 / 和善 。 例:Our neighbors are good to us.(我们的邻居对我们很友好。) 【典例】 用适当的 “good” 短语填空 1. Learning a foreign language ________________ your future career.(对…… 有好处) 2. Tom ________________ math and often helps his classmates with problems.(擅长) 3. Drinking enough water ________________ your skin and digestion.(对…… 有益) 4. The nurse ________________ the elderly patients and takes care of them carefully.(善于应付) 5. Our neighbors ________________ us and we often share food with each other.(对…… 友好) 【考点10】First, we always help each other and we are close friends.首先,我们互相帮助,成为亲密的朋友。 【详解】 close 形容词(adj.),基本含义: ·亲密的;亲近的(描述人际关系的紧密)。 例:a close friend(亲密的朋友) /a close relationship(亲密的关系)。 ·接近的;靠近的(指空间或时间上的距离近)。 例:The school is close to my home.(学校离我家很近。) ·严密的;仔细的(强调细致、认真)。 例:a close examination(仔细的检查)。 动词(v.) 含义:关闭;结束(反义词:open)。 例:Please close the window.(请关上窗户。) / The meeting closed at 5 PM.(会议下午 5 点结束。) 短语搭配: ·be close to sb./sth.:表示 “与某人亲近” 或 “离某物近”。 例:We are very close to each other.(我们彼此很亲近。) The bank is close to the supermarket.(银行离超市很近。) ·close friends/relatives:亲密的朋友 / 亲戚(固定搭配,强调关系紧密)。 本句中 close friends 即为此用法,强调通过互相帮助建立的亲密关系。 ·close down:关闭(尤指商店、工厂等)。 例:The old bookstore had to close down.(这家旧书店不得不关闭。) 【典例】 1. She is my ______ friend, and we share everything with each other. A. closed B. close C. closely D. closing 2. Please ______ the window before you leave the room. A. close B. closed C. closing D. closely 3. The kids stood ______ to their teacher to listen to the story. A. close B. closed C. closely D. closing 4. Our new house is ______ to the subway station, so it’s very convenient. A. close B. closed C. closing D. closely 5. The store is ______ on Mondays, so we can’t buy anything there today. A. close B. closed C. closing D. closely 【考点11】 Last year, he made up his mind to help them. 去年,他终于下定决心帮助他们。 【详解】1. make up one's mind 表示 “下定决心”,强调经过思考、权衡后做出决定,突出内心的抉择过程。 结构:make up one’s mind(one’s 随主语变化,如 his /her/their 等),后接 to do sth.,即 make up one’s mind to do sth.(下定决心做某事)。 同义短语: decide to do sth.(决定做某事)。 例句:She decided to accept the offer.(她决定接受提议。) make a decision to do sth.(决定做某事),强调做出决定的行为。 例句:We made a decision to invest in the project.(我们决定投资这个项目。) 【典例】 翻译 1. 他下定决心要在这次比赛中取得好成绩。(make up one’s mind) He __________ __________ __________ __________ get good grades in this competition. 2. 他们决定周末去野餐。(decide) They __________ __________ __________ on a picnic this weekend. 3. 她决心成为一名优秀的医生。(make up one’s mind) She __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ a great doctor. 【考点12】Zhou’s team tried every means to let people know the tasty oranges, and shoppers could get the oranges in just one or two days through online shopping. 周的团队想尽一切办法让人们知道这些美味的橙子,顾客通过网购只需一两天就能收到橙子。 【详解】1. means (n.) 单复数同形,意为 “方法;手段”,指为达到某种目的而采取的方式或途径。 短语搭配: every means:表示 “一切办法;每一种方法”,强调整体中的所有可能方式。 例:We must try every means to solve the problem.(我们必须想尽一切办法解决这个问题。) by means of:意为 “借助于;通过…… 方式”,说明使用的具体手段。 例:He communicated with others by means of gestures.(他通过手势与他人交流。) a means of:表示 “一种…… 的方式”。 例:Reading is a good means of learning.(阅读是一种好的学习方式。) 3. 易混辨析means(单复数同形)与 mean(动词): mean 作动词时,意为 “意味着;打算”,如:What does this word mean?(这个词是什么意思?) 而 means 始终为名词,需根据语境区分。 【典例】 1. Every means ______ been tried to solve the problem, but none works. A. have B. has C. is D. are 2. We can achieve our goals by means ______ hard work. A. of B. with C. in D. for 3. Television is an important ____________ (mean) of communication. 【考点13】Water and soil are important to the taste of the oranges. 水土对橙子的口感很重要。 【详解】1. taste 名词(可数 / 不可数,需结合语境判断)。此处意为 “味道;口感”,指食物或饮品在味觉上的特性(不可数)。 例:The taste of the orange is sweet and slightly sour.(橙子的口感甜中带点微酸。) 也可表示 “味觉”(不可数)或 “喜好;品味”(可数)。 例:She has a good sense of taste.(她味觉很灵敏。) Artistic taste varies from person to person.(艺术品味因人而异。) ·短语搭配 (1)作为名词 “味道;口感”。搭配动词:have a taste (of):尝一尝(某物)。 例:Can I have a taste of your orange?(我能尝一口你的橙子吗?) 形容词修饰:delicious/good/bitter taste(美味 / 好 / 苦味)、unique taste(独特口感)。 (2)作为动词 “品尝;有…… 味道”。taste sth.:品尝某物(及物动词)。 例:She tasted the orange and smiled.(她尝了尝橙子,笑了。) taste + 形容词:表示 “尝起来……”(连系动词)。 例:These oranges taste sweet and juicy.(这些橙子尝起来又甜又多汁。) ·易混辨析 taste(名词) 味道;口感;味觉;品味 The taste of coffee is bitter.(咖啡的味道是苦的。) tasty(形容词) 美味的 The orange is very tasty.(这个橙子很好吃。) tasteless(形容词) 无味的;乏味的 The dish was tasteless without salt.(这道菜没放盐,没味道。) 【典例】 1. The ______________ (taste) of the orange depends on the soil and climate. 橘子的味道取决于土壤和气候。 2. These cookies are very ______________ (taste); I want to make some myself. 这些曲奇非常美味;我想自己做一些。 3. He ______________ (taste) the soup and added more pepper. 他尝了尝汤,又加了些胡椒粉。 4. The dish was ______________ (tasteless) because it had no seasoning. 这道菜没有味道,因为它没有调味。 5. Her ______________ (taste) in music is similar to mine, so we often share playlists. 她在音乐方面的品味和我相似,所以我们经常分享播放列表。 【考点14】To solve this problem, Zhou’s team helped change the water ways and improve the soil. 为解决这个问题,周的团队帮助改变了水道并改良了土壤。 【详解】1. work out 意为 “解决;算出”,侧重通过思考、计算等方式得出结果,常与 problem(问题)、puzzle(谜题)、equation(方程式)等搭配。 例句: Can you work out the puzzle?(你能解出这个谜题吗?) 2. with the help of 表示 “在…… 的帮助下”,强调借助外部力量完成某事,后接帮助的主体(如人、工具、组织等)。 例句:The little boy climbed the tree with the help of his friend.(小男孩在朋友的帮助下爬上了树)。 同义表达:with one’s help(例:With our teacher’s help, we solved the problem. = With the help of our teacher...)。 【典例】 1. ______ the help of the map, we found the museum easily. A. Under B. With C. In D. On 2. Finally, they ______ the plan ______ successfully ______ the help of the expert. A. worked; on; under B. worked; out; with C. worked; for; in D. worked; at; on 【考点15】We first fully discussed how to make the poster. 我们首先充分讨论了如何制作海报。 【详解】discuss词性:及物动词(vt.)。意为 “讨论;商量”,强调就某个话题或问题进行交流、交换意见。 可接名词、代词或疑问词引导的从句 / 不定式作宾语,即 discuss sth. / discuss + 疑问词(how, what, etc.)+ 从句 /to do。 例:We discussed the plan carefully.(接名词 “the plan”) They discussed how to solve the problem.(接 how + to do,如本句 “discussed how to make the poster”)。 拓展: discuss sth. with sb.:与某人讨论某事。 例:I will discuss the idea with my team.(我会和我的团队讨论这个想法)。 【典例】 1. We need to ______ how ______ the project on time. A. discuss; to finish B. discuss about; finishing C. discuss; finishing D. discuss about; to finish 2. I will ______ the plan ______ my colleagues tomorrow. A. discuss; for B. discuss; with C. discuss about; for D. discuss about; with 【考点16】Sounds interesting! 听起来很有趣! 【详解】1. 原句是省略主语 It 的省略句,完整形式 It sounds interesting. 中,It 可指代前文提到的某件事、某个想法等。例如: —We will have a picnic this weekend.(我们这周末要去野餐。) —It sounds interesting!(听起来很有趣!) 2. sound 在此处为系动词,意为“听起来”,后接形容词构成系表结构,用于描述事物给人的听觉感受或印象。类似的感官系动词还有 look(看起来)、feel(摸起来;感觉)、taste(尝起来)、smell(闻起来) 等。 例:The story sounds amazing.(这个故事听起来很精彩。) 3. interesting 形容词,意为“有趣的”,作 sound 的表语,说明主语(此处完整形式中为 It)给人的感受。 【典例】 1. We will visit the new museum tomorrow. —______! A. Sound interesting B. Sounds interesting C. Sound interested D. Sounds interested 2. 这个故事听起来很有趣。 ____________________________________ 【考点17】They dug about 2 kilometers from each side in the first year, but the digging came to a stop two years later.第一年,他们从两边各向前掘进了大约两公里,但两年后挖掘工作停止了。 【详解】1. come to a stop 停下来;停止,强调从运动、进行的状态逐渐进入停止的状态,侧重动作的过程。 例句:The car came to a stop suddenly.(汽车突然停了下来。) 2. stop 作动词时,可作及物动词或不及物动词,直接表示 “停止”,强调动作的终止。如:They stopped working.(他们停止工作。) 更多用法: 作动词: stop doing sth.:停止做某事(停止正在进行的动作)。 例:Please stop talking.(请停止说话。) stop to do sth.:停下来去做另一件事(停止原来的动作,去做其他事)。 例:He stopped to drink some water.(他停下来去喝些水。) 作名词: bus stop:公共汽车站(表示停留的地点)。 例:Wait for me at the bus stop.(在公共汽车站等我。) 【典例】 1. The car ______ at the red light. A. come to a stop B. came to a stop C. come to stop D. came to stop 2. Hearing the phone ring, she ______ watching TV and picked up the phone. A. stop B. stopped to C. stopped D. stop to 3. After running for a while, he ______ to have a rest. A. stop B. stopped C. stops D. stopping 【考点18】Should they give up or go on digging? 他们应该放弃还是继续挖掘? 【详解】go on doing sth.:强调继续做正在做的同一件事,动作具有连续性。在本句 “go on digging” 中,“digging(挖掘)” 是之前就在进行的动作,“go on digging” 表示 “继续挖掘”,不间断地持续该行为。 go on to do sth.:表示做完一件事后,接着去做另一件事。例如:After finishing homework, he went on to watch TV.(做完作业后,他接着去看电视。) 例句: Despite the difficulty, they went on working.(尽管有困难,他们继续工作。)(继续做 “工作” 这件事) He went on to explain the theory.(他接着去解释那个理论。)(做完一件事后,接着做 “解释理论” 这件新事) 【考点19】Teamwork makes the dream come true.团队合作使梦想成真。 【详解】1. dream 名词(n.):意为 “梦想;愿望”,可数名词,可搭配冠词或物主代词。 例:Her dream is to become a teacher.(她的梦想是成为一名教师。) 动词(v.):表示 “做梦;梦想”,常见搭配为 dream of/about (doing) sth.(梦见 / 渴望某事)。 例:I often dream of traveling around the world.(我常梦想环游世界。) 拓展短语: realize/achieve one’s dream:实现某人的梦想(主动视角,主语为人)。 例:He worked hard to realize his dream.(他努力实现自己的梦想。) make a/the dream come true:使梦想成真(被动视角,主语通常为 “事” 或 “行动”)。 例:Teamwork made their dream come true.(团队合作让他们的梦想成真。) follow one’s dream:追寻梦想。 例:She decided to follow her dream of becoming an artist.(她决定追寻成为艺术家的梦想。) 2. come true = come(变得) + true(真实的),为不及物动词短语,意为 “(梦想、愿望等)实现;成为现实”。 主语必须是 “梦想、目标、预言” 等抽象名词,不能是人,且无被动语态(因本身已含被动含义)。 例: My dream has come true.(我的梦想实现了。) 3. 句法结构:使役动词 “make” 的用法 原句 “Teamwork makes the dream come true.” 中,make 是使役动词,结构为: make + 宾语(the dream)+ 宾语补足语(come true) 宾语补足语为省略 to 的不定式(即动词原形),类似用法的使役动词还有 let、have。 例:The teacher made us write a composition.(老师让我们写一篇作文。) 【典例】 1. — What is your biggest ______? — I hope to become a scientist and help my country. A. dream B. dreams C. a dream D. the dream 2. 改错:My mother came true her wish. ________________________________________ 3. Teamwork makes the _________ _________ _________. 团队合作使梦想成真。 【考点20】Xiao Ya came up with some ideas and Li Xiang drew the pictures with colored chalks.肖雅提出了一些想法,李翔用彩色粉笔绘画. 【详解】1. come up with 表示 “提出(想法、计划、解决方案等);想出”,强调主动思考后产生的结果。 及物性质:需接宾语(名词 / 代词),宾语通常为 ideas, plans, solutions, answers 等抽象名词。 例句:She came up with a great idea for the project.(她为项目提出了一个好主意。) 同义短语:think of(想到)。 区别:come up with 更强调 “通过思考后主动提出”,而 think of 侧重 “想到”,不一定付诸实践。 2. colored 形容词,意为 “彩色的”,由名词 color(颜色)+ 后缀 -ed 构成(美式拼写为 colored,英式为 coloured)。 用法:修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,强调物体带有多种颜色。 例句:colored pencils 彩色铅笔 colored paper 彩纸 3. chalk 的单复数辨析 chalk 作为物质名词(泛指 “粉笔”)时,通常为 不可数名词: a piece of chalk 一支粉笔 There is some chalk on the desk.(桌上有一些粉笔。) chalks(复数形式)表示 “不同颜色的粉笔” 或 “按个体计数的粉笔”,强调 “具体的、多色的粉笔”: 原句中 colored chalks 指 “彩色粉笔”(多种颜色的粉笔个体),用复数更符合语境(用不同颜色绘画)。 类似用法:crayons(蜡笔)、pencils(铅笔)等工具类名词常以复数形式表示 “多种类型”。 【典例】 1. In the art class, Tom ______________ (come up with) an idea to paint the wall, and Ann helped him draw patterns with ______________ (color) ______________ (chalk). 在美术课上,汤姆想出了一个粉刷墙壁的主意,安帮他用彩色粉笔绘制图案。 【考点21】Kangkang tries his best to follow the rules because he knows the rules are good for him. 康康尽他最大努力遵守这些规则,因为他知道它们对他有好处。 【详解】1. difficulty 名词(n.):表示 “困难;难题”,既可作 不可数名词(抽象概念),也可作 可数名词(具体的困难事项)。 不可数(抽象困难):I have difficulty in learning English grammar.(我学英语语法有困难。) 可数(具体难题):We faced many difficulties when starting the project.(我们启动项目时面临许多困难。) 短语搭配: have difficulty (in) doing sth.:做某事有困难(in 可省略,后接动词 - ing 形式)。 例句:She has difficulty (in) solving the math problem.(她解这道数学题有困难。) with difficulty:困难地(副词短语)。 例句:He climbed the mountain with difficulty.(他艰难地爬上了山。) without difficulty:轻易地。 例句:The team finished the task without difficulty.(团队轻松完成了任务。) 2. support 动词(v.):表示 “支持;支撑;帮助”,及物动词,直接接宾语(人 / 事物)。 例句:We should support each other in times of trouble.(困境中我们应互相支持。) 名词(n.):表示 “支持;帮助”,不可数名词。 例句:Thanks for your support during the project.(感谢你在项目中给予的支持。) 短语搭配: support sb. (in sth./doing sth.):在某方面支持某人。 例句:His parents support him in pursuing his dream.(他的父母支持他追求梦想。) give/offer support to sb.:向某人提供支持(名词用法)。 例句:The school gives support to students with financial difficulties.(学校为经济困难的学生提供支持。) 【典例】 1. In the team project, we met many ______ but solved them together successfully. A. difficulty B. difficulties C. difficult D. difficultly 2. Our group had some __________________ (difficult) finishing the task, but our teacher’s __________________ (support) gave us confidence. 【考点22】What difficulty do the students face and how do they solve it?学生们面临着什么样的困难,他们又是如何解决这些困难的呢? 【详解】1. face 动词用法 及物动词,表示 “面对、面临”:指遭遇或需要处理某种情况,直接接宾语(如困难、问题等)。 例:What challenges will you face in this project?(在这个项目中你会面临什么挑战?) 表示 “面向、朝向”:描述方向。 例:The window faces the garden.(窗户面向花园。) 不及物动词 常见搭配 face up to,意为 “勇敢面对”。 例:He must face up to his responsibilities.(他必须勇敢面对自己的责任。) ·名词用法 表示 “脸、面部”:指人的面部器官或外观。 例:A smile appeared on her face.(她的脸上露出了微笑。) 表示 “表情、面容”:传达情绪或态度。 例:His face showed anger.(他的表情透露出愤怒。) 常见短语 in the face of:面对……(强调在某种情况下)。 例:They remained calm in the face of danger.(面对危险,他们保持冷静。) lose face:丢脸。 例:He didn’t want to lose face in front of others.(他不想在别人面前丢脸。) 【典例】 1.They had to ______ many problems when they started the business. A. face B. faced C. facing D. faces 2. Her __________ (face) lit up when she heard the good news.她听到这个好消息时,脸上露出了喜色。 【考点23】This helps build trust in each other.这有助于建立彼此的信任。 【详解】1. build 动词,常见义为 “建立;构建”,可接具体或抽象事物。 常见短语: build up:增进,加强。例:Exercise can build up your physical strength.(锻炼能增强你的体力。) build on:以…… 为基础。例:We should build on past experiences to achieve better results.(我们应基于过去的经验取得更好的成果。) 2. trust作名词:意为 “信任”,不可数。 常见搭配: have trust in sb/sth:对某人 / 某物有信任。例:The team has trust in their leader’s decisions.(团队信任领导者的决策。) build trust:建立信任。例:Honest communication helps build trust between people.(坦诚的沟通有助于人们之间建立信任。) earn/win/gain sb’s trust:赢得某人的信任。例:He earned the trust of his colleagues through hard work.(他通过努力工作赢得了同事的信任。) 作动词:意为“信任;信赖”。 常见搭配: trust in sb/sth:信任、信赖。例:She trusts in her own abilities to solve the problem.(她相信自己有能力解决问题。) trust sb with sth:把某物托付给某人。例:Can I trust you with this secret?(我能把这个秘密托付给你吗?) 【典例】 1. Teamwork activities help ______ strong relationships and mutual ______. A. builds; trust B. build; trust C. building; trusts D. built; trusting 2. Honesty is the key to __________ (build) trust in any relationship. 3. The coach told us to __________ (trust) each other and work as a team. 4. They slowly __________ (build) up their confidence through daily practice. 【考点24】 In the first half of the game, Wang Junfeng’s team kept on making mistakes.比赛上半场,王俊峰的队伍不断失误。 【详解】1. the first half,名词短语:表示 “(比赛、活动等的)前半段时间”,尤指体育比赛的 “上半场”(对应 “the second half 下半场”)。 结构:the first half of + 名词:如 the first half of the game/match/concert(比赛 / 音乐会的上半场)。 half 作为名词,单数形式前需加冠词(the/a),复数为 halves(如 two halves 两半)。 2.keep on表示 “持续做某事,尤其是以重复或坚持的方式”,强调动作的反复性或持续性(有时隐含 “不顾困难或阻碍”)。 结构:keep on doing sth.:后接动名词(-ing),不能接不定式(× keep on to do)。 例句:She kept on practicing until she mastered the song.(她反复练习直到掌握这首歌。) 【近义词辨析】 keep doing sth.:强调 “持续做某事”(无停顿),如 He kept running for an hour.(他连续跑了一小时)。 keep on doing sth.:强调 “反复做某事”(可能有间隔),如 The baby kept on crying all night.(婴儿整夜哭个不停)。 3. make mistakes表示 “做错事、犯错误”,强调行为上的过失。 结构:make a mistake(单数):指一次具体的错误,如 I made a mistake in the math problem.(这道数学题我做错了)。 make mistakes(复数):泛指 “犯错” 的行为或多次错误,如原句中 “不断失误” 用复数更符合 “频繁犯错” 的语境。 常见搭配 make a mistake in sth.:在某方面犯错,如 He made a mistake in the spelling.(他拼写错了)。 by mistake:错误地(表偶然),如 I took your umbrella by mistake.(我错拿了你的伞)。 【典例】 1 The team ______ practicing even though they were tired, and finally won the game. A. kept on to practice B. kept on practicing C. kept practicing on D. kept to practice 2. In _________ _________ _________ of the game, our team _________ _________ _________ mistakes, but we turned it around through teamwork in the second half. 在这场比赛的上半场,我们队犯不断失误,但我们在下半场通过团队合作扭转了局面。 【考点25】Zhao Le and Ma Xiaochao even got angry at each other.赵乐和马晓超甚至互相生气。 【详解】get angry at (sb./sth.):表示 “对(某人 / 某事)感到生气”,其中 get 是系动词,angry 是表语形容词,at 是介词,后接生气的对象(人或事)。 接人:get angry at sb.(对某人生气) 接事:get angry at sth.(对某事生气) 例句:She got angry at her brother for breaking her book.(她因弟弟弄坏她的书而生气。) Don’t get angry at small mistakes.(别为小错误生气。) 【同义短语辨析】 get angry with sb.:与 get angry at sb. 基本同义,更侧重 “对某人本身” 生气(语气稍弱)。 例句:He got angry with me for being late.(他因我迟到而生气。) 区别: at 强调 “针对具体行为或事物”(如 angry at what he said); with 强调 “对人本身”(如 angry with him)。 【典例】 1. My sister ______ me because I broke her favorite toy. A. got angry at B. got angry with C. got angry about D. got angry to 2. Don't __________ (get) angry __________ small things. It's not worth it.不要因小事生气。这不值得。 【考点26】Zhao and Ma also made peace.赵乐和马晓超也和好了。 【详解】make peace意为“和解;讲和;达成和平”,指结束冲突、分歧或敌对状态,恢复友好关系。 短语:make peace with sb.(与某人和解)。 例句:They finally made peace after weeks of arguing.(经过几周的争吵,他们最终和好了。) 同义短语: make up:和解(更口语化,侧重个人间的矛盾)。 例:They made up after a big fight.(他们大吵一架后和好了。) 【典例】 1. After the argument, they decided to ______ and work together again. A. make peace with each other B. make peace at each other C. make peace to each other D. make peace each other 2. Our teacher helped us ______ (make) peace ______ our classmates after the misunderstanding. 【语法点1】The suffix -ly 副词的构成规则 【点拨】 副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示动作的方式、程度、频率等。 -ly 后缀是英语中常见的副词构成形式,通常由形容词 + -ly 转变而来,用于描述动作的具体状态。 一、形容词变副词的规则 规则 示例(形容词→副词) 例句 直接加 -ly heavy→heavily quiet→quietly It is raining heavily.(雨下得很大。) We speak quietly in the library.(我们在图书馆轻声说话。) 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 -ly happy→happily lucky→luckily "We win!" he says happily.(他高兴地说:“我们赢了!”) Luckily, we passed the exam.(幸运的是,我们通过了考试。) 以 “-le” 结尾,去 e 加 -ly terrible→terribly possible→possibly The movie was terribly boring.(这部电影非常无聊。) 特殊情况(形容词与副词同形) fast→fast hard→hard She runs fast.(她跑得快。) He works hard.(他努力工作。) 二、教材例句解析 1.There is a heavy rain. It is raining heavily. (形容词 heavy 修饰名词 rain,副词 heavily 修饰动词 raining,表示 “雨下得大”。) 2.The library is quiet. We should speak quietly to each other. (形容词 quiet 描述图书馆的状态,副词 quietly 修饰动词 speak,表示 “说话轻声地”。) 3.My grandmother can only hear a loud voice. My grandfather speaks to her loudly. (形容词 loud 修饰名词 voice,副词 loudly 修饰动词 speaks,表示 “大声地说话”。) 三、副词构成的不规则用法拓展 1. 形容词与副词同形(无需加 -ly) 有些词既是 形容词(修饰名词)也是 副词(修饰动词),形式完全相同,需通过语境判断词性。 单词 形容词用法(修饰名词) 副词用法(修饰动词) 例句 fast a fast car(一辆快车) run fast(跑得快) The fast horse runs fast.(这匹快马跑得很快。) hard a hard task(一项艰巨的任务) work hard(努力工作) It’s a hard job, but he works hard.(这是份苦差事,但他很努力。) late a late bus(一辆晚到的公交车) arrive late(迟到) Don’t be late for school. / Don’t arrive late.(上学别迟到。) early an early bird(一只早起的鸟) get up early(早起) She is an early riser and gets up early every day.(她是个早起的人,每天早起。) straight a straight line(一条直线) go straight(直走) Draw a straight line and then go straight.(画一条直线,然后直走。) 2. 特殊变化:副词形式与形容词完全不同 形容词 对应副词 例句 good well She is a good student. / She studies well.(她是个好学生,学习很好。) 3. 以 -ly 结尾但不是副词的形容词 有些词虽然以 -ly 结尾,但实际上是 形容词,用于修饰名词,不能直接修饰动词。常见词: 单词 词性 含义 例句 friendly 形容词 友好的 She is a friendly girl.(她是个友好的女孩。) lovely 形容词 可爱的 Look at the lovely dog.(看那只可爱的狗。) lonely 形容词 孤独的 The old man feels lonely.(老人感到孤独。) daily 形容词 每日的 Daily exercise is good for health.(每日锻炼有益健康。) weekly 形容词 每周的 We have a weekly test.(我们有每周一次的测试。) 4. 易混淆的不规则副词 hard 与 hardly hard(副词):努力地;猛烈地 → work hard(努力工作) /rain hard(雨下得大) hardly(副词):几乎不(表示否定) → I can hardly understand you.(我几乎听不懂你说的话。) late 与lately late(副词):晚;迟 → arrive late(迟到) lately(副词):最近(= recently) → I haven’t seen him lately.(我最近没见过他。) 【典例】 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.She sings __________ (beautiful). 2.He writes __________ (careful) in his notebook. 3.They played the game __________ (happy) together. 4.The car is running __________ (fast). 5.__________(luck), the bus arrived on time. 6. She is a __________ (friend)girl. 7. He plays basketball very __________(good). 8. I __________(real) like this book. 9. They worked __________(hard) but failed. 二、判断下列句子中划线词是形容词还是副词 1.He is a fast runner. ( ) He runs fast. ( ) 2.The music sounds loud. ( ) Please speak loudly. ( ) 三、改写句子,用副词形式替换划线部分 1.She is a quick learner. → She learns __________. 2.They had a quiet dinner. → They had dinner __________. 四、判断下列句子是否正确,错误的请改正 1. She sings beautiful. → _________________________ 2. He is a lonely man and lives lonely. → _________________________ 【语法点2】Conjunctions and/but/or 并列连词 and/but/or的用法 【点拨】 一、连词核心用法总结 连词 含义 用法规则 例句(教材原句) and 和、并且 连接相似或顺承关系的词、短语或句子,表示并列、递进、顺承。 We listened to each other and shared our ideas.(我们互相倾听并分享想法。) but 但是、然而 连接相反或转折关系的词、短语或句子,表示对比、转折。 Class Three won, but we all had fun.(三班赢了,但我们都很开心。) or 或者、否则 ① 表示选择(二者选其一);② 表示 “否则”(= if not),用于警告或条件。 Did you play soccer or go fishing yesterday?(你昨天踢足球还是去钓鱼了?) 二、用法解析 1. and 的用法 连接并列成分(名词、动词、句子等),表示 “和”“并且”。 → Li Xiang drew the pictures and Lingling wrote the stories.(李翔画画,玲玲写故事。) 表示顺承关系(时间或逻辑上的先后)。 → We discussed the plan and then started working.(我们讨论了计划,然后开始工作。) 固定搭配: both...and...(两者都) go on and on(持续不断) 2. but 的用法 表示转折(前后内容相反),相当于 “但是”。 → They tried their best, but they lost the game.(他们尽了全力,但输掉了比赛。) 对比差异(强调前后的不同)。 → I like basketball, but my brother likes football.(我喜欢篮球,但我哥哥喜欢足球。) 注意:but 不能与 although/though 同时使用。 3. or 的用法 表示选择(两者中选一个),用于一般疑问句或否定句。 → Will you go to the park or the zoo?(你去公园还是动物园?) → I don’t like coffee or tea.(我不喜欢咖啡或茶。) 表示 “否则”(= if not),用于 “祈使句 + or + 结果” 结构。 → Hurry up, or you’ll be late.(快点,否则你会迟到。) 固定搭配: either...or...(要么… 要么…) or so(大约) 三、教材原句解析 1.Kangkang, did our class or Class Three win the football game? (or 表示选择,用于疑问句中询问二者其一) 2.They practiced over and over again, and at last they won. (and 连接顺承动作,“反复练习” 后 “最终获胜”) 3.The workers dug from both sides, but the digging came to a stop two years later. (but 表示转折,“开始挖掘” 但 “后来停止”) 四、总结(口诀记忆) and 表并列,前后一致要牢记(和、并且); but 表转折,前后相反别忘记(但是、然而); or 表选择,二者其一要注意(或者),有时 “否则” 来提醒(= if not)。 四、习题练习(适合七年级学生) Exercise 4:完成教材 Activity 3 文本填空(原文片段) The Channel Tunnel is 50 kilometers long. It is between Britain and France. There are three tunnels, two for trains ______ one for workers. At first, the workers started digging from both sides. They dug about 2 kilometers from each side in the first year, ______ the digging came to a stop two years later. Should they give up ______ go on digging? In 1966, France decided to go on with the project, ______ the British did, too. 【典例】 一、用 and/but/or 填空 1.I like apples ______ bananas. They are both my favorite fruits. 2.Hurry up, ______ you will miss the bus. 3.She wanted to buy a book, ______ she didn’t have enough money. 4.Do you want tea ______ coffee? 5.We cleaned the classroom ______ decorated it for the party. 二、判断连词用法(选择 and/but/or) 1.Join us, ______ you’ll have a great time. 2.He is tall, ______ his brother is short. 3.I can play piano ______ guitar. 三、改写句子,使用正确连词 1.I want to go to the museum. My friend wants to go to the museum, too. → my friend ______I want to go to the museum. 2.You can stay at home. You can go to the library with me. → You can stay at home ______ go to the library with me. 3.She tried to solve the problem. She couldn’t find the answer. → She tried to solve the problem, ______ she couldn’t find the answer. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!第1页 共3页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ Unit 12 Better Together Preparing for the Topic 词汇认知 1. drama (n.) 戏;剧 2. newspaper (n.) 报纸 3. cheer (v.) 欢呼,加油;鼓励 4. shoot (v.) 射门,投篮;射击,发射 5. practice (v.) 训练;练习 6. hole (n.) 洞;孔;坑 7. kick (v.) 踢;射门得分 (n.) 踢 8. fail (v.) 失败,未能(做到);不及格 9. true (adj.) 确实的;真正的 10. skill (n.) 技巧;技能 11. teamwork (n.) 团队合作 12. player (n.) 运动员;游戏者;参赛选手 短语积累 1. school drama show 学校戏剧表演 2. blackboard newspaper making 黑板报制作 3. dig a hole 挖个洞 4. row the boat 划船 5. cheer sb. on 为某人加油 6. shoot the ball 投篮;射门 7. right away 立即;马上 8. put on 表演;穿上 9. sweep the floors 扫地 10. take out the rubbish 丢垃圾 11. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 12. learn from 向……学习 13. kick sth. to sb. 把某物踢给某人 14. have good skills 有很好的技术 15. cheer up (使) 振作起来 16. fail to do sth. 没能做成某事 句型归纳 1. How did you work together in the tree planting? 你们在植树活动中是如何合作的? 2. I dug a hole and Li Xiang put a small tree in the hole. 我挖了个坑,李翔把一棵小树放进坑里。 3. Wang Junfeng watered the tree. 王俊峰给树浇了水。 4. We tried our best to row the boat and our teacher cheered us on. 我们尽全力划桨,老师为我们加油鼓劲。 5. I passed the ball to Zhou Weilun and he shot the ball right away. 我把球传给周伟伦,他立刻投篮。 6. We practiced together many times and tried our best to put on the show. 我们一起多次排练,尽全力呈现这场演出。 7. Why didn’t you pass me the football, Li Xiang? 李翔,你为什么不把足球传给我? 8. I tried to kick it to you, but I failed. 我想把球踢给你,但没踢好。 9. You tried your best. Class Two is a top team. 你已经尽力了。二班是一支顶尖的队伍。 10. They have good skills and teamwork. 他们有出色的技术和团队合作。 11. One player doesn’t make a team. 单凭一个球员成不了一支队伍。 12. Let’s help each other and learn more about teamwork. 让我们互相帮助,多学习团队合作。 13. Let’s practice more and do better next time. 我们多练习,下次会做得更好。 14. What can we learn from the story? 我们能从这个故事中学到什么? 15. Cheer up! 振作起来! 16. That’s true. 的确如此。 17. I’m sorry, Li Xiang. 对不起,李翔。 18. That’s all right. 没关系。 Exploring the Topic 词汇认知 1. taxi (n.) 出租汽车 2. paper-cut (n.) 剪纸艺术 3. divide (v.) (使)分开,分散,分割,分成 4. become (v.) 开始变得;成为 5. teammate (n.) 队友 6. heart (n.) 心;心脏 7. close (adj.) 亲密的;密切的 (v.) 关;关闭 8. improve (v.) 改进 9. hero (n.) 英雄 10. engineer (n.) 工程师;设计师 11. company (n.) 公司 12. villager (n.) 村民;乡村居民 13. tasty (adj.) 美味的;可口的 14. means (n.) 方式;方法;途径 15. loss (n.) 丧失;损失 16. taste (n.) 味道;鉴赏力 (v.) 有……味道;尝,品;吃,喝 17. difficulty (n.) 困难;困境 18. voice (n.) 说话声;嗓音 19. proudly (adv.) 自豪地;骄傲地 20. painting (n.) 油画;画作 21. discuss (v.) 讨论;谈论 22. writing (n.) 书写;写作;笔迹 23. sound (v.) 听起来好像 (n.) 声音 24. soccer (n.) 足球,足球运动 25. channel (n.) 水道;航道 26. tunnel (n.) 地下通道;隧道 27. difficult (adj.) 困难的 28. project (n.) 项目;方案;专题研究 29. British (adj.) 英国的;英国人的 短语积累 1. divide...into... 把……划分成…… 2. a team sport 一项团队运动 3. fail the match 输掉比赛 4. do good to 对……有好处 5. close friends 亲密的朋友 6. all the time 一直;总是 7. feel sorry 怜悯;同情 8. make up one's mind to do sth. 下定决心做某事 9. try every means to do sth. 想方设法做某事 10. sell out 卖光 11. the taste of ……的味道 12. heavy water and soil loss 严重的水土流失 13. have difficulty in doing sth. 在某方面有困难 / 做某事有困难 14. improve the soil 改良土壤 15. a loud voice 响亮的声音 16. work for 为……工作 / 效劳 17. at last 最后;终于 18. work out 计算出;解决 19. play soccer 踢足球 20. over and over again 多次;反复地 21. in the first year 在第一年 22. go on with sth./doing sth. 继续某事 / 做某事 句型归纳 1. Li Xiang fell down and hurt his left leg.李翔摔倒了,左腿受伤了。 2. Lingling looked after Li Xiang, and Kangkang called a taxi.玲玲照顾李翔,康康叫了一辆出租车。 3. After the paper-cut activity of our group, our classroom was in a big mess.我们小组的剪纸活动结束后,教室一片混乱。 4. We divided ourselves into three groups. One group cleaned the desks and the blackboard. Another put the desks and chairs in order. The third swept the floor and took out the waste.我们分成三组。一组擦桌子和黑板,另一组整理桌椅,第三组扫地并清理垃圾。 5. Basketball is a team sport. There are five players in each team.篮球是一项团队运动,每队有五名球员。 6. Players must pass the ball to the right teammates.球员必须把球传给合适的队友。 7. When a team fails the match, the team players should cheer up each other.当球队输掉比赛时,队员应该互相鼓励。 8. The best team players play for each other, not just with each other.最优秀的团队球员为彼此而战,而不仅仅是一起比赛。 9. Five great players may not always win a basketball game, but five players with one heart always do.五个优秀的球员不一定总能赢比赛,但五个同心协力的球员一定能赢。 10. Teamwork can do good to us in many ways.团队合作在很多方面对我们有好处。 11. First, we always help each other and we are close friends. Second, we cheer ourselves up, so we can be active all the time. Third, we practice together and improve our skills.首先,我们互相帮助,成为亲密的朋友;其次,我们互相鼓励,保持积极状态;第三,我们一起练习,提升技能。 12. In a good team, the members are always close friends, active teammates and great players.在一个优秀的团队中,成员既是亲密的朋友、积极的队友,也是出色的球员。 13. The oranges were tasty but didn’t sell well. 橙子很美味,但销路不好。 14. He returned with three of his friends and set up an online shop to sell the oranges. 他和三个朋友回来,开了一家网店卖橙子。 15. Zhou’s team tried every means to let people know the tasty oranges, and shoppers could get the oranges in just one or two days through online shopping. 周的团队想尽一切办法让人们知道这些美味的橙子,顾客通过网购只需一两天就能收到橙子。 16. Soon, they sold out all the oranges. 很快,他们卖光了所有的橙子。 17. That’s heavy water and soil loss. 那就是严重的水土流失。 18. Water and soil are important to the taste of the oranges. 水土对橙子的口感很重要。 19. To solve this problem, Zhou’s team helped change the water ways and improve the soil. 为解决这个问题,周的团队帮助改变了水道并改良了土壤。 20. Zhou and his friends decided to stay and help bring more changes to their hometown. 周和他的朋友们决定留下来,帮助家乡带来更多变化。 21. There is a heavy rain. It is raining heavily. 下大雨了。雨下得很大。 22. The library is quiet. We should speak quietly to each other. 图书馆很安静。我们应该轻声交谈。 23. My grandmother can only hear a loud voice. My grandfather speaks to her loudly.我奶奶只能听见响亮的声音。我爷爷大声和她说话。 24. We first discussed how to make the poster. We listened to each other and shared our ideas. 我们首先讨论如何制作海报。我们互相倾听并分享想法。 25. Kangkang, did our class or Class Three win the football game? 康康,我们班和三班哪个赢了足球赛? 26. Class Three won, but we all had fun. 三班赢了,但我们都玩得很开心。 27. Sounds interesting! Can Xiao Ya and I join you next time? 听起来很有趣!我和肖雅下次能加入吗? 28. Sure. Welcome to join us. 当然。欢迎加入我们。 29. There are three tunnels, two for trains and one for workers. 有三条隧道,两条用于火车,一条用于工人。 30. They dug about 2 kilometers from each side in the first year, but the digging came to a stop two years later. 第一年他们从两边各挖了约 2 公里,但两年后挖掘工作停止了。 31. Should they give up or go on digging? 他们应该放弃还是继续挖掘? Developing the Topic 基础词汇 1. dream (n.) 梦想;梦 (v.) 做梦 2. chalk (n.) 粉笔 3. copy (v.) 复制;复印 (n.) 复印件,副本 4. support (v.,n.) 支持 5. task (n.) 任务,工作;活动 短语积累 1. come true 实现 2. make beautiful music 创作动听的音乐 3. the team head 队长 4. come up with 想出;提出 5. colored chalks 彩色粉笔 6. support each other 互相支持 7. be happy with 对……感到满意 句型归纳 1. Teamwork makes the dream come true.团队合作使梦想成真。 2. Alone, we can do so little; together, we can do so much.独自一人,我们能做的很少;携手合作,我们能做的很多。 3. Last week, our group made a great blackboard newspaper. It was a wonderful teamwork experience!上周,我们小组制作了一份很棒的黑板报。这是一次精彩的团队合作经历! 4. It was not an easy job. As the team head, I gave my teammates different jobs.这不是一项容易的工作。作为组长,我给队友分配了不同的任务。 5. Xiao Ya came up with some ideas and Li Xiang drew the pictures with colored chalks; Lingling wrote the stories and I copied them on the blackboard.肖雅提出了一些想法,李翔用彩色粉笔绘画;玲玲写故事,我把故事抄在黑板上。 6. When we had difficulties, we helped and supported each other. 遇到困难时,我们互相帮助、互相支持。 7. We were all very busy, but we tried to spend some time on it together after school. 我们都很忙,但尽量放学后一起花时间做这件事。 8. All the students and teachers liked our blackboard newspaper. We were happy with our teamwork. 所有师生都喜欢我们的黑板报。我们对这次团队合作感到满意。 Wrapping up the Topic 词汇认知 1. goal (n.) 目标,目的;球门 2. face (v.) 面临,必须对付(某情况);面对,面向 (n.) 脸 3. trust (n.,v.) 信任;信赖 4. hard-working (adj.) 工作努力的;辛勤的 5. lunch (n.) 午餐;午饭 6. rainbow (n.) 彩虹 7. mistake (n.) 错误,失误 (v.) 误解,误会 8. peace (n.) 和平;平静 短语积累 1. the goal of... ……的目标 2. build trust in sb./sth. 建立对……的信任 3. go through 渡过;经历;穿过 4. at work 在工作中 5. feel lucky to do sth. 做某事感到幸运 6. in the first half of the game 在比赛的上半场 7. keep on doing sth. 继续做某事 8. making mistakes 犯错 9. get angry at each other 彼此生气 10. hold a meeting 开会 11. make peace 和解 12. in the second half 在下半场 句型归纳 1. It is difficult to clean the top of the blackboard.擦黑板顶部很困难。 2. Kangkang stands on a chair and Lingling helps.康康站在椅子上,玲玲帮忙。 3. First, let the members know their jobs.首先,让成员明确各自的工作。 4. Everyone does his part, and together they finish the work as a team.每个人各司其职,共同完成团队工作。 5. Second, all the members should know how to do their jobs.其次,所有成员应知道如何完成自己的工作。 6. If one member of a team fails, then the team will not finish the teamwork.如果团队中某一成员失败,整个团队将无法完成任务。 7. Lastly, everyone should listen to the ideas and opinions of other members in the team.最后,每个人都应倾听团队其他成员的想法和意见。 8. This helps build trust in each other.这有助于建立彼此的信任。 9. On a sunny morning, Wang Junfeng and his friends played a football match on the school playground.一个晴朗的早晨,王俊峰和朋友们在学校操场进行了一场足球比赛。 10. Wang Junfeng is a very good player, but some of his teammates are not very good at this sport.王俊峰是一名优秀的球员,但部分队友不太擅长这项运动。 11. In the first half of the game, Wang Junfeng’s team kept on making mistakes.比赛上半场,王俊峰的队伍不断失误。 12. Zhao Le and Ma Xiaochao even got angry at each other.赵乐和马晓超甚至互相生气。 13. During the break, Wang Junfeng held a meeting as the team head.中场休息时,王俊峰作为队长召开会议。 14. He said, “Boys, we must play as a team. Football is a team sport.”他说:“兄弟们,我们必须团队协作,足球是一项团队运动。” 15. Zhao and Ma also made peace.赵乐和马晓超也和好了。 16. In the second half, they started passing the ball better and supporting each other.下半场,他们开始更好地传球并互相支持。 17. When the match ended, they lost the game, 1–3.比赛结束时,他们以1-3输掉了比赛。 18. They all found the fun in playing football as a team.他们都找到了团队踢球的乐趣。 Pronunciation 元音 Letter or ow ui ur ure Sound /ɜː/ /əʊ/ /u:/ /ɜː/ /jʊə(r)/ Word teamwork word tomorrow slow juice fruit purpose nurse pure cure 辅音 Letter tion y Sound /ʃn/ /j/ /ɪ/ /aɪ/ Word nation station young year city tidy sky fly Grammar in Use 语法 1. The suffix -ly 副词的构成规则 2. Conjunctions and/but/or 并列连词 and/but/or的用法 【考点1】 We tried our best to row the boat and our teacher cheered us on. 我们尽全力划桨,老师为我们加油鼓劲。 1. 短语结构:try one's best (to do sth.) ,意为“尽某人最大的努力(做某事)”。 one's 需与句子主语的人称和数一致: 主语是第一人称复数 we,故用our; 若主语是第三人称单数 he/she,则为try his/her best。 核心用法:后接不定式(to do)作目的状语,强调“努力的方向”。 同义表达:do one's best (to do sth.) (用法完全一致,可互换)。 例:We tried/ did our best to win the game.(我们尽全力赢得比赛。) 常见误区:不可省略one's或用宾格(如不能说try best或try us best),必须用形容词性物主代词(our/his/her/their 等)。 2. 短语:cheer sb. on,意为“为某人加油;鼓励某人”。 cheer是动词,on是副词(构成“动副结构”短语动词)。 宾语位置: 当宾语是代词(us/them/him/her)时,必须放在cheer和on 之间(如 cheer us on); 当宾语是名词(the team/the players)时,可放在中间或后面(如 cheer the team on = cheer on the team)。 近义词与区别: encourage sb. (鼓励某人):直接接宾语,无需介词(如:Our teacher encouraged us.); cheer sb. on 更强调“通过欢呼、喝彩来鼓励”,侧重“现场加油”的场景。 【典例】 1. My friends __________ me __________when I gave my first speech. 2. The team ______ (try) their best to win the match yesterday, and their fans ______ (cheer) them ______ loudly. 3. She did her best to solve the problem.(同义句转换) She __________ __________ __________ __________ solve the problem 【参考答案】 1. cheered, up 2. tried, cheered, on 3. tried her best to 【考点2】I passed the ball to Zhou Weilun and he shot the ball right away. 我把球传给周伟伦,他立刻投篮。 【详解】 1. pass(及物动词,过去式 passed) 短语:pass sth. to sb. 表示“把某物传递给某人” 有两种结构: pass sth. to sb.(强调传递的方向,介词 to 后接动作对象) 例:She passed a note to me during class.(她在课上递了一张纸条给我。) pass sb. sth.(直接接双宾语,sb. 为间接宾语,sth. 为直接宾语) 例:He passed me the salt.(他把盐递给我。) 注意:当直接宾语是代词(如 it/them)时,只能用 pass sth. to sb. 结构: 2. shot(动词 shoot 的过去式) shoot sth. 此处表示“(足球、篮球等)射门;投篮”,后直接接宾语(如 the ball)。 例:He shot the ball into the net and scored a goal.(他射门入网,进了一球。) 拓展用法:shoot 还可表示“射击;拍摄”,需根据语境区分: 射击:shoot a gun(开枪)/ shoot at sb.(朝某人射击,强调动作方向,不及物) 拍摄:shoot a movie(拍电影) 3. right away(副词短语,作时间状语),意为“立刻;马上”,等同于 at once,强调动作的紧迫性。通常位于句末,也可位于句首(用逗号隔开)。 句末:He left the room right away.(他立刻离开了房间。) 句首:Right away, she called her friend for help.(她立刻打电话向朋友求助。) 短语辨析:right away 与right now均表示“立刻”,但 right now 更强调“此时此刻”(可用于现在进行时)。 例:I need to finish this task right now.(我现在需要完成这项任务。) 【典例】 1. I passed the ball__________ Zhou Weilun and he __________ (shoot) it right __________. 我把球传给周伟伦,他直接把球射了出去。 【参考答案】1.to; shot; away 【考点3】We practiced together many times and tried our best to put on the show. 我们一起多次排练,尽全力呈现这场演出。 【详解】 1. practice 作动词,常见用法为“practice doing sth.”,表示“练习做某事”, 例:practice speaking English(练习说英语) 作名词,意为“练习;实践” ,是不可数名词;作“惯例;习惯做法”讲时,是可数名词 ,如“it's a common practice(这是常见的做法 )” 。 变形:第三人称单数形式practices ,现在分词practicing ,过去式和过去分词practiced 。 2. time 作“时间”讲时,是不可数名词 ,如“much time(很多时间)” ; 作“次数;倍数”讲时,是可数名词 ,本句“many times(许多次)” 中就是“次数”的意思 。 常见短语有all the time(一直),at the same time(同时),in time(及时) ,on time(按时)等 。 3. put on常见含义 “上演;演出” ,如本句put on the show(呈现这场演出 ); “穿上;戴上” ,例如put on your coat(穿上你的外套 ) ; “增加(体重、速度等 )” ,例如put on weight(体重增加 ) 。 它是“动词 + 副词”结构,宾语是代词时,要放在put和on中间 ,如“put it on” ;宾语是名词时,可放在中间或后面,如“put the coat on / put on the coat” 。 【典例】 1.My sister often practices ______ the piano after school. A. play B. to play C. playing 2. We should arrive at the meeting ______. A. in time B. on time C. at the same time 3. You'd better ______ your hat. It's cold outside. A. put on B. put it on C. put on it 4. They spent a lot of ______ (time) doing their homework. 【参考答案】1.C 2.B 3. A 4. time 【考点4】Why was Wang Junfeng angry with Li Xiang? 王俊峰为什么生李想的气? 【详解】 1. angry 形容词(adj.),意为“生气的;愤怒的”,描述人因不满、失望或受委屈等产生的情绪。 例:She was angry because he forgot her birthday.(她生气是因为他忘了她的生日。) 短语搭配: be angry with sb. 对某人生气(强调针对人)。 例:Wang Junfeng was angry with Li Xiang for breaking his bike.(王军峰因李翔弄坏了他的自行车而生气。) 介词辨析: with 后接 “人”,表示生气的对象; 接“事”,需用at 或about,即 be angry at/about sth.(因某事生气)。 例:He is angry at/about the noisy environment.(他因嘈杂的环境而生气。) be angry + 从句,说明生气的原因。 例:I’m angry that you lied to me.(我生气你对我撒谎。) 副词形式:angrily(adv. 生气地),修饰动词,作状语。 例:She shouted angrily, “Don’t touch my things!”(她生气地喊道:“别碰我的东西!”) 名词形式:anger(n. 愤怒;怒气)。不可数名词,可与动词搭配:show anger(表现出愤怒)、control anger(控制怒气)。例:His face turned red with anger.(他气得脸都红了。) 【典例】 1. —Why is your mother so ________? —Because I forgot to finish my homework. A. angry B. angrily C. anger 2. He ________ ________ ________ his brother ________breaking the cup. 他因弟弟打破了杯子而生气。 3. She spoke ______________ (angry) to her son when she saw the mess. 【参考答案】1.A 2.He is angry with his brother for breaking the cup. 3.angrily 【考点5】I tried to kick it to you, but I failed. 我想把球踢给你,但没踢好。 【详解】 1. kick 动词,意为 “踢”(强调用脚的动作)。 常见搭配: kick sth. to sb. = kick sb. sth.(双宾语结构):把某物踢给某人 例:He kicked the ball to me. = He kicked me the ball.(他把球踢给我。) kick at sth./sb.:朝某物 / 某人踢(强调动作方向,未必踢中) 例:The dog kicked at the door in anger.(狗生气地朝门踢去。) 原句 I tried to kick it to you 中,使用 kick sth. to sb. 结构,“it” 指代球,强调 “踢给对方” 的目标。 2. fail 动词,意为 “失败;未能(做到)”。 常见搭配: fail (to do sth.)(不及物用法):未能做成某事(强调结果未达成) 例:He tried to climb the mountain but failed.(他尝试爬山,但失败了。) 本句中 but I failed = “但我未能成功(把球踢给你)”,省略了不定式 “to kick it to you”,避免重复。 fail to do sth.(及物用法):明确接不定式,表示 “未能做某事” 例:She failed to catch the bus.(她没赶上公交车。) fail in (doing) sth.:在(做)某事上失败(强调在某领域或某事中未成功) 例:He failed in the math exam.(他数学考试不及格。) 词性拓展: 名词:failure(失败;失败者 / 事) 例:His failure in the game made him sad.(他在比赛中的失败让他难过。)。 【典例】 1. She tried to kick the ball ______ her friend, but it went out of bounds. A. at B. to C. for D. with 2. His ______ (fail) in the competition made him very sad. 3. The player ______ (kick) the ball into the wrong goal by mistake. 【参考答案】1.B 2. failure 3.kicked 【考点6】Cheer up! 振作起来! 【详解】 cheer (v.),(为某人 / 某事)欢呼;喝彩(表达支持、兴奋或鼓励)。 例:The audience cheered loudly when the singer appeared.(歌手出场时,观众大声欢呼。) 使高兴;使振作(= cheer up,及物用法,后接人作宾语)。 例:Your words cheered me a lot.(你的话让我振作了许多。) 短语搭配: cheer for sb./sth.:为某人 / 某事欢呼(表支持)。 例:We cheered for our team during the match.(比赛中我们为自己的队伍加油。) cheer sb. up:使某人振作起来(重点短语,详见下方解析)。 cheer on:鼓励;为…… 打气(后接人,强调支持行动)。 例:The coach cheered the players on before the game.(教练在赛前为队员们打气。) 词形变化: 形容词:cheerful(adj. 快乐的;令人愉快的)例:She has a cheerful smile.(她的笑容很开朗。) 副词:cheerfully(adv. 高兴地;愉快地) 例:They worked cheerfully together.(他们一起愉快地工作。) 【典例】 1. We should ______ our friends when they are in trouble. A. cheer up B. cheer for C. cheer on D. cheer at 2. She was in a bad mood, so I tried to ______. A. cheer up her B. cheer her up C. cheer up she D. cheer she up 【参考答案】1. A 2. B 【考点7】We divided ourselves into three groups. 我们把自己分成了三组。 【详解】 divide(v.),基本含义:划分;分割;分配(强调将整体分成若干部分)。 例句:We divided the cake into three pieces.(我们把蛋糕分成了三块。) 短语搭配: divide sth. into sth.(重点考点):把某物分成……(into 后接划分的结果或组别)。 例:The teacher divided the class into four groups.(老师把班级分成了四组。) divide sb./oneself into...:把某人 / 自己分成……(反身代词强调主动划分)。 本句中 divided ourselves into three groups 即 “把我们自己分成三组”,体现团队主动分组的行为。 【典例】 1. The students ______ themselves ______ small teams to discuss the problem. 学生们把自己分成小组来讨论这个问题。 【参考答案】1.divide;into 【考点8】Only ten minutes later, our classroom became clean again.仅仅十分钟后,我们的教室又变得干净了。 【详解】辨析:become、get、go、turn 1. become 用法:强调事物发展的结果或状态的变化,可接形容词、名词等,体现变化的过程。 例句: He became a doctor after years of study.(接名词,强调最终成为医生的结果) The sky became dark when the storm came.(接形容词,描述天空从亮到暗的变化) 2. get 用法:口语化,后接形容词,侧重逐渐变化的过程。 例句: It’s getting warmer day by day.(表示天气逐渐变暖的过程) She got tired after a long walk.(强调长时间走路后逐渐感到疲惫) 3. go 用法:多表示向不好的方向转变,后接形容词。 例句: The milk went sour.(牛奶变酸,指向不好的变化) His hair went grey when he was under great pressure.(头发变白,暗示压力带来的不良影响) 4. turn 用法:常用于颜色、性质等的变化,强调短期内的转变。 例句: The leaves turn green in spring.(春天树叶变绿,体现季节更替下的短期变化) The water turned cold quickly.(水很快变冷,突出变化的迅速) 【典例】 1. After the rain stopped, the sky ______ blue. A. became B. got C. went D. turned 2. The food will ______ bad if you don't put it in the fridge. A. become B. get C. go D. turn 3. The little boy __________ interested in painting after visiting the art museum. 那个小男孩在参观了艺术博物馆后对绘画产生了兴趣。 4. The weather is __________ colder these days. 这些天天气变得更冷了。 【参考答案】1.D 2. C 3.became 4. getting 【考点9】Teamwork can do good to us in many ways.团队合作在很多方面对我们有好处。 【详解】 短语 do good to sb.,意为 “对某人有好处”,强调某事物对人的积极影响或益处 。 其他常见 “good” 相关短语: be good at (doing) sth.:擅长(做)某事 。 例:She is good at drawing.(她擅长画画。) be good for sb./sth.:对某人 / 某物有益 。 例:Eating more vegetables is good for your health.(多吃蔬菜对你的健康有益。) be good with sb./sth.:善于应付某人 / 处理某事;与…… 相处得好 。 例:He is good with kids.(他善于和孩子相处。) be good to sb.:对某人友好 / 和善 。 例:Our neighbors are good to us.(我们的邻居对我们很友好。) 【典例】 用适当的 “good” 短语填空 1. Learning a foreign language ________________ your future career.(对…… 有好处) 2. Tom ________________ math and often helps his classmates with problems.(擅长) 3. Drinking enough water ________________ your skin and digestion.(对…… 有益) 4. The nurse ________________ the elderly patients and takes care of them carefully.(善于应付) 5. Our neighbors ________________ us and we often share food with each other.(对…… 友好) 【参考答案】1.does good to 2.is good at 3. is good for 4. is good with 5. are good to 【考点10】First, we always help each other and we are close friends.首先,我们互相帮助,成为亲密的朋友。 【详解】 close 形容词(adj.),基本含义: ·亲密的;亲近的(描述人际关系的紧密)。 例:a close friend(亲密的朋友) /a close relationship(亲密的关系)。 ·接近的;靠近的(指空间或时间上的距离近)。 例:The school is close to my home.(学校离我家很近。) ·严密的;仔细的(强调细致、认真)。 例:a close examination(仔细的检查)。 动词(v.) 含义:关闭;结束(反义词:open)。 例:Please close the window.(请关上窗户。) / The meeting closed at 5 PM.(会议下午 5 点结束。) 短语搭配: ·be close to sb./sth.:表示 “与某人亲近” 或 “离某物近”。 例:We are very close to each other.(我们彼此很亲近。) The bank is close to the supermarket.(银行离超市很近。) ·close friends/relatives:亲密的朋友 / 亲戚(固定搭配,强调关系紧密)。 本句中 close friends 即为此用法,强调通过互相帮助建立的亲密关系。 ·close down:关闭(尤指商店、工厂等)。 例:The old bookstore had to close down.(这家旧书店不得不关闭。) 【典例】 1. She is my ______ friend, and we share everything with each other. A. closed B. close C. closely D. closing 2. Please ______ the window before you leave the room. A. close B. closed C. closing D. closely 3. The kids stood ______ to their teacher to listen to the story. A. close B. closed C. closely D. closing 4. Our new house is ______ to the subway station, so it’s very convenient. A. close B. closed C. closing D. closely 5. The store is ______ on Mondays, so we can’t buy anything there today. A. close B. closed C. closing D. closely 【参考答案】1.B 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.B 【考点11】 Last year, he made up his mind to help them. 去年,他终于下定决心帮助他们。 【详解】 1. make up one's mind 表示 “下定决心”,强调经过思考、权衡后做出决定,突出内心的抉择过程。 结构:make up one’s mind(one’s 随主语变化,如 his /her/their 等),后接 to do sth.,即 make up one’s mind to do sth.(下定决心做某事)。 同义短语: decide to do sth.(决定做某事)。 例句:She decided to accept the offer.(她决定接受提议。) make a decision to do sth.(决定做某事),强调做出决定的行为。 例句:We made a decision to invest in the project.(我们决定投资这个项目。) 【典例】 翻译 1. 他下定决心要在这次比赛中取得好成绩。(make up one’s mind) He __________ __________ __________ __________ get good grades in this competition. 2. 他们决定周末去野餐。(decide) They __________ __________ __________ on a picnic this weekend. 3. 她决心成为一名优秀的医生。(make up one’s mind) She __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ a great doctor. 【参考答案】1. made up his mind 2. decide to go 3. made up her mind to be 【考点12】Zhou’s team tried every means to let people know the tasty oranges, and shoppers could get the oranges in just one or two days through online shopping. 周的团队想尽一切办法让人们知道这些美味的橙子,顾客通过网购只需一两天就能收到橙子。 【详解】 1. means (n.) 单复数同形,意为 “方法;手段”,指为达到某种目的而采取的方式或途径。 短语搭配: every means:表示 “一切办法;每一种方法”,强调整体中的所有可能方式。 例:We must try every means to solve the problem.(我们必须想尽一切办法解决这个问题。) by means of:意为 “借助于;通过…… 方式”,说明使用的具体手段。 例:He communicated with others by means of gestures.(他通过手势与他人交流。) a means of:表示 “一种…… 的方式”。 例:Reading is a good means of learning.(阅读是一种好的学习方式。) 3. 易混辨析means(单复数同形)与 mean(动词): mean 作动词时,意为 “意味着;打算”,如:What does this word mean?(这个词是什么意思?) 而 means 始终为名词,需根据语境区分。 【典例】 1. Every means ______ been tried to solve the problem, but none works. A. have B. has C. is D. are 2. We can achieve our goals by means ______ hard work. A. of B. with C. in D. for 3. Television is an important ____________ (mean) of communication. 【参考答案】1. B 2. A 3. means 【考点13】Water and soil are important to the taste of the oranges. 水土对橙子的口感很重要。 【详解】 1. taste 名词(可数 / 不可数,需结合语境判断)。此处意为 “味道;口感”,指食物或饮品在味觉上的特性(不可数)。 例:The taste of the orange is sweet and slightly sour.(橙子的口感甜中带点微酸。) 也可表示 “味觉”(不可数)或 “喜好;品味”(可数)。 例:She has a good sense of taste.(她味觉很灵敏。) Artistic taste varies from person to person.(艺术品味因人而异。) ·短语搭配 (1)作为名词 “味道;口感”。搭配动词:have a taste (of):尝一尝(某物)。 例:Can I have a taste of your orange?(我能尝一口你的橙子吗?) 形容词修饰:delicious/good/bitter taste(美味 / 好 / 苦味)、unique taste(独特口感)。 (2)作为动词 “品尝;有…… 味道”。taste sth.:品尝某物(及物动词)。 例:She tasted the orange and smiled.(她尝了尝橙子,笑了。) taste + 形容词:表示 “尝起来……”(连系动词)。 例:These oranges taste sweet and juicy.(这些橙子尝起来又甜又多汁。) ·易混辨析 taste(名词) 味道;口感;味觉;品味 The taste of coffee is bitter.(咖啡的味道是苦的。) tasty(形容词) 美味的 The orange is very tasty.(这个橙子很好吃。) tasteless(形容词) 无味的;乏味的 The dish was tasteless without salt.(这道菜没放盐,没味道。) 【典例】 1. The ______________ (taste) of the orange depends on the soil and climate. 橘子的味道取决于土壤和气候。 2. These cookies are very ______________ (taste); I want to make some myself. 这些曲奇非常美味;我想自己做一些。 3. He ______________ (taste) the soup and added more pepper. 他尝了尝汤,又加了些胡椒粉。 4. The dish was ______________ (tasteless) because it had no seasoning. 这道菜没有味道,因为它没有调味。 5. Her ______________ (taste) in music is similar to mine, so we often share playlists. 她在音乐方面的品味和我相似,所以我们经常分享播放列表。 【参考答案】1. taste 2. tasty 3. tasted 4. tasteless 5. taste 【考点14】To solve this problem, Zhou’s team helped change the water ways and improve the soil. 为解决这个问题,周的团队帮助改变了水道并改良了土壤。 【详解】 1. work out 意为 “解决;算出”,侧重通过思考、计算等方式得出结果,常与 problem(问题)、puzzle(谜题)、equation(方程式)等搭配。 例句: Can you work out the puzzle?(你能解出这个谜题吗?) 2. with the help of 表示 “在…… 的帮助下”,强调借助外部力量完成某事,后接帮助的主体(如人、工具、组织等)。 例句:The little boy climbed the tree with the help of his friend.(小男孩在朋友的帮助下爬上了树)。 同义表达:with one’s help(例:With our teacher’s help, we solved the problem. = With the help of our teacher...)。 【典例】 1. ______ the help of the map, we found the museum easily. A. Under B. With C. In D. On 2. Finally, they ______ the plan ______ successfully ______ the help of the expert. A. worked; on; under B. worked; out; with C. worked; for; in D. worked; at; on 【参考答案】1.B 2.B 【考点15】We first fully discussed how to make the poster. 我们首先充分讨论了如何制作海报。 【详解】 discuss词性:及物动词(vt.)。意为 “讨论;商量”,强调就某个话题或问题进行交流、交换意见。 可接名词、代词或疑问词引导的从句 / 不定式作宾语,即 discuss sth. / discuss + 疑问词(how, what, etc.)+ 从句 /to do。 例:We discussed the plan carefully.(接名词 “the plan”) They discussed how to solve the problem.(接 how + to do,如本句 “discussed how to make the poster”)。 拓展: discuss sth. with sb.:与某人讨论某事。 例:I will discuss the idea with my team.(我会和我的团队讨论这个想法)。 【典例】 1. We need to ______ how ______ the project on time. A. discuss; to finish B. discuss about; finishing C. discuss; finishing D. discuss about; to finish 2. I will ______ the plan ______ my colleagues tomorrow. A. discuss; for B. discuss; with C. discuss about; for D. discuss about; with 【参考答案】1.A 2. B 【考点16】Sounds interesting! 听起来很有趣! 【详解】 1. 原句是省略主语 It 的省略句,完整形式 It sounds interesting. 中,It 可指代前文提到的某件事、某个想法等。例如: —We will have a picnic this weekend.(我们这周末要去野餐。) —It sounds interesting!(听起来很有趣!) 2. sound 在此处为系动词,意为“听起来”,后接形容词构成系表结构,用于描述事物给人的听觉感受或印象。类似的感官系动词还有 look(看起来)、feel(摸起来;感觉)、taste(尝起来)、smell(闻起来) 等。 例:The story sounds amazing.(这个故事听起来很精彩。) 3. interesting 形容词,意为“有趣的”,作 sound 的表语,说明主语(此处完整形式中为 It)给人的感受。 【典例】 1. We will visit the new museum tomorrow. —______! A. Sound interesting B. Sounds interesting C. Sound interested D. Sounds interested 2. 这个故事听起来很有趣。 ____________________________________ 【参考答案】1. B 2. The story sounds interesting. 【考点17】They dug about 2 kilometers from each side in the first year, but the digging came to a stop two years later.第一年,他们从两边各向前掘进了大约两公里,但两年后挖掘工作停止了。 【详解】 1. come to a stop 停下来;停止,强调从运动、进行的状态逐渐进入停止的状态,侧重动作的过程。 例句:The car came to a stop suddenly.(汽车突然停了下来。) 2. stop 作动词时,可作及物动词或不及物动词,直接表示 “停止”,强调动作的终止。如:They stopped working.(他们停止工作。) 更多用法: 作动词: stop doing sth.:停止做某事(停止正在进行的动作)。 例:Please stop talking.(请停止说话。) stop to do sth.:停下来去做另一件事(停止原来的动作,去做其他事)。 例:He stopped to drink some water.(他停下来去喝些水。) 作名词: bus stop:公共汽车站(表示停留的地点)。 例:Wait for me at the bus stop.(在公共汽车站等我。) 【典例】 1. The car ______ at the red light. A. come to a stop B. came to a stop C. come to stop D. came to stop 2. Hearing the phone ring, she ______ watching TV and picked up the phone. A. stop B. stopped to C. stopped D. stop to 3. After running for a while, he ______ to have a rest. A. stop B. stopped C. stops D. stopping 【参考答案】1. B 2. C 3.B 【考点18】Should they give up or go on digging? 他们应该放弃还是继续挖掘? 【详解】 go on doing sth.:强调继续做正在做的同一件事,动作具有连续性。在本句 “go on digging” 中,“digging(挖掘)” 是之前就在进行的动作,“go on digging” 表示 “继续挖掘”,不间断地持续该行为。 go on to do sth.:表示做完一件事后,接着去做另一件事。例如:After finishing homework, he went on to watch TV.(做完作业后,他接着去看电视。) 例句: Despite the difficulty, they went on working.(尽管有困难,他们继续工作。)(继续做 “工作” 这件事) He went on to explain the theory.(他接着去解释那个理论。)(做完一件事后,接着做 “解释理论” 这件新事) 【考点19】Teamwork makes the dream come true.团队合作使梦想成真。 【详解】 1. dream 名词(n.):意为 “梦想;愿望”,可数名词,可搭配冠词或物主代词。 例:Her dream is to become a teacher.(她的梦想是成为一名教师。) 动词(v.):表示 “做梦;梦想”,常见搭配为 dream of/about (doing) sth.(梦见 / 渴望某事)。 例:I often dream of traveling around the world.(我常梦想环游世界。) 拓展短语: realize/achieve one’s dream:实现某人的梦想(主动视角,主语为人)。 例:He worked hard to realize his dream.(他努力实现自己的梦想。) make a/the dream come true:使梦想成真(被动视角,主语通常为 “事” 或 “行动”)。 例:Teamwork made their dream come true.(团队合作让他们的梦想成真。) follow one’s dream:追寻梦想。 例:She decided to follow her dream of becoming an artist.(她决定追寻成为艺术家的梦想。) 2. come true = come(变得) + true(真实的),为不及物动词短语,意为 “(梦想、愿望等)实现;成为现实”。 主语必须是 “梦想、目标、预言” 等抽象名词,不能是人,且无被动语态(因本身已含被动含义)。 例: My dream has come true.(我的梦想实现了。) 3. 句法结构:使役动词 “make” 的用法 原句 “Teamwork makes the dream come true.” 中,make 是使役动词,结构为: make + 宾语(the dream)+ 宾语补足语(come true) 宾语补足语为省略 to 的不定式(即动词原形),类似用法的使役动词还有 let、have。 例:The teacher made us write a composition.(老师让我们写一篇作文。) 【典例】 1. — What is your biggest ______? — I hope to become a scientist and help my country. A. dream B. dreams C. a dream D. the dream 2. 改错:My mother came true her wish. ________________________________________ 3. Teamwork makes the _________ _________ _________. 团队合作使梦想成真。 【参考答案】1.A 2. My mother’s wish came true. 3.dream come true 【考点20】Xiao Ya came up with some ideas and Li Xiang drew the pictures with colored chalks.肖雅提出了一些想法,李翔用彩色粉笔绘画. 【详解】 1. come up with 表示 “提出(想法、计划、解决方案等);想出”,强调主动思考后产生的结果。 及物性质:需接宾语(名词 / 代词),宾语通常为 ideas, plans, solutions, answers 等抽象名词。 例句:She came up with a great idea for the project.(她为项目提出了一个好主意。) 同义短语:think of(想到)。 区别:come up with 更强调 “通过思考后主动提出”,而 think of 侧重 “想到”,不一定付诸实践。 2. colored 形容词,意为 “彩色的”,由名词 color(颜色)+ 后缀 -ed 构成(美式拼写为 colored,英式为 coloured)。 用法:修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,强调物体带有多种颜色。 例句:colored pencils 彩色铅笔 colored paper 彩纸 3. chalk 的单复数辨析 chalk 作为物质名词(泛指 “粉笔”)时,通常为 不可数名词: a piece of chalk 一支粉笔 There is some chalk on the desk.(桌上有一些粉笔。) chalks(复数形式)表示 “不同颜色的粉笔” 或 “按个体计数的粉笔”,强调 “具体的、多色的粉笔”: 原句中 colored chalks 指 “彩色粉笔”(多种颜色的粉笔个体),用复数更符合语境(用不同颜色绘画)。 类似用法:crayons(蜡笔)、pencils(铅笔)等工具类名词常以复数形式表示 “多种类型”。 【典例】 1. In the art class, Tom ______________ (come up with) an idea to paint the wall, and Ann helped him draw patterns with ______________ (color) ______________ (chalk). 在美术课上,汤姆想出了一个粉刷墙壁的主意,安帮他用彩色粉笔绘制图案。 【参考答案】1. came up with; colored; chalks 【考点21】Kangkang tries his best to follow the rules because he knows the rules are good for him. 康康尽他最大努力遵守这些规则,因为他知道它们对他有好处。 【详解】 1. difficulty 名词(n.):表示 “困难;难题”,既可作 不可数名词(抽象概念),也可作 可数名词(具体的困难事项)。 不可数(抽象困难):I have difficulty in learning English grammar.(我学英语语法有困难。) 可数(具体难题):We faced many difficulties when starting the project.(我们启动项目时面临许多困难。) 短语搭配: have difficulty (in) doing sth.:做某事有困难(in 可省略,后接动词 - ing 形式)。 例句:She has difficulty (in) solving the math problem.(她解这道数学题有困难。) with difficulty:困难地(副词短语)。 例句:He climbed the mountain with difficulty.(他艰难地爬上了山。) without difficulty:轻易地。 例句:The team finished the task without difficulty.(团队轻松完成了任务。) 2. support 动词(v.):表示 “支持;支撑;帮助”,及物动词,直接接宾语(人 / 事物)。 例句:We should support each other in times of trouble.(困境中我们应互相支持。) 名词(n.):表示 “支持;帮助”,不可数名词。 例句:Thanks for your support during the project.(感谢你在项目中给予的支持。) 短语搭配: support sb. (in sth./doing sth.):在某方面支持某人。 例句:His parents support him in pursuing his dream.(他的父母支持他追求梦想。) give/offer support to sb.:向某人提供支持(名词用法)。 例句:The school gives support to students with financial difficulties.(学校为经济困难的学生提供支持。) 【典例】 1. In the team project, we met many ______ but solved them together successfully. A. difficulty B. difficulties C. difficult D. difficultly 2. Our group had some __________________ (difficult) finishing the task, but our teacher’s __________________ (support) gave us confidence. 【参考答案】1.B 2. difficulties; support 【考点22】What difficulty do the students face and how do they solve it?学生们面临着什么样的困难,他们又是如何解决这些困难的呢? 【详解】 1. face 动词用法 及物动词,表示 “面对、面临”:指遭遇或需要处理某种情况,直接接宾语(如困难、问题等)。 例:What challenges will you face in this project?(在这个项目中你会面临什么挑战?) 表示 “面向、朝向”:描述方向。 例:The window faces the garden.(窗户面向花园。) 不及物动词 常见搭配 face up to,意为 “勇敢面对”。 例:He must face up to his responsibilities.(他必须勇敢面对自己的责任。) ·名词用法 表示 “脸、面部”:指人的面部器官或外观。 例:A smile appeared on her face.(她的脸上露出了微笑。) 表示 “表情、面容”:传达情绪或态度。 例:His face showed anger.(他的表情透露出愤怒。) 常见短语 in the face of:面对……(强调在某种情况下)。 例:They remained calm in the face of danger.(面对危险,他们保持冷静。) lose face:丢脸。 例:He didn’t want to lose face in front of others.(他不想在别人面前丢脸。) 【典例】 1.They had to ______ many problems when they started the business. A. face B. faced C. facing D. faces 2. Her __________ (face) lit up when she heard the good news.她听到这个好消息时,脸上露出了喜色。 【参考答案】1. A 2. face 【考点23】This helps build trust in each other.这有助于建立彼此的信任。 【详解】 1. build 动词,常见义为 “建立;构建”,可接具体或抽象事物。 常见短语: build up:增进,加强。例:Exercise can build up your physical strength.(锻炼能增强你的体力。) build on:以…… 为基础。例:We should build on past experiences to achieve better results.(我们应基于过去的经验取得更好的成果。) 2. trust作名词:意为 “信任”,不可数。 常见搭配: have trust in sb/sth:对某人 / 某物有信任。例:The team has trust in their leader’s decisions.(团队信任领导者的决策。) build trust:建立信任。例:Honest communication helps build trust between people.(坦诚的沟通有助于人们之间建立信任。) earn/win/gain sb’s trust:赢得某人的信任。例:He earned the trust of his colleagues through hard work.(他通过努力工作赢得了同事的信任。) 作动词:意为“信任;信赖”。 常见搭配: trust in sb/sth:信任、信赖。例:She trusts in her own abilities to solve the problem.(她相信自己有能力解决问题。) trust sb with sth:把某物托付给某人。例:Can I trust you with this secret?(我能把这个秘密托付给你吗?) 【典例】 1. Teamwork activities help ______ strong relationships and mutual ______. A. builds; trust B. build; trust C. building; trusts D. built; trusting 2. Honesty is the key to __________ (build) trust in any relationship. 3. The coach told us to __________ (trust) each other and work as a team. 4. They slowly __________ (build) up their confidence through daily practice. 【参考答案】 1.B 2.building 3.trust 4.built 【考点24】 In the first half of the game, Wang Junfeng’s team kept on making mistakes.比赛上半场,王俊峰的队伍不断失误。 【详解】 1. the first half,名词短语:表示 “(比赛、活动等的)前半段时间”,尤指体育比赛的 “上半场”(对应 “the second half 下半场”)。 结构:the first half of + 名词:如 the first half of the game/match/concert(比赛 / 音乐会的上半场)。 half 作为名词,单数形式前需加冠词(the/a),复数为 halves(如 two halves 两半)。 2.keep on表示 “持续做某事,尤其是以重复或坚持的方式”,强调动作的反复性或持续性(有时隐含 “不顾困难或阻碍”)。 结构:keep on doing sth.:后接动名词(-ing),不能接不定式(× keep on to do)。 例句:She kept on practicing until she mastered the song.(她反复练习直到掌握这首歌。) 【近义词辨析】 keep doing sth.:强调 “持续做某事”(无停顿),如 He kept running for an hour.(他连续跑了一小时)。 keep on doing sth.:强调 “反复做某事”(可能有间隔),如 The baby kept on crying all night.(婴儿整夜哭个不停)。 3. make mistakes表示 “做错事、犯错误”,强调行为上的过失。 结构:make a mistake(单数):指一次具体的错误,如 I made a mistake in the math problem.(这道数学题我做错了)。 make mistakes(复数):泛指 “犯错” 的行为或多次错误,如原句中 “不断失误” 用复数更符合 “频繁犯错” 的语境。 常见搭配 make a mistake in sth.:在某方面犯错,如 He made a mistake in the spelling.(他拼写错了)。 by mistake:错误地(表偶然),如 I took your umbrella by mistake.(我错拿了你的伞)。 【典例】 1 The team ______ practicing even though they were tired, and finally won the game. A. kept on to practice B. kept on practicing C. kept practicing on D. kept to practice 2. In _________ _________ _________ of the game, our team _________ _________ _________ mistakes, but we turned it around through teamwork in the second half. 在这场比赛的上半场,我们队犯不断失误,但我们在下半场通过团队合作扭转了局面。 【参考答案】1.B 2. the first half; kept on making 【考点25】Zhao Le and Ma Xiaochao even got angry at each other.赵乐和马晓超甚至互相生气。 【详解】 get angry at (sb./sth.):表示 “对(某人 / 某事)感到生气”,其中 get 是系动词,angry 是表语形容词,at 是介词,后接生气的对象(人或事)。 接人:get angry at sb.(对某人生气) 接事:get angry at sth.(对某事生气) 例句:She got angry at her brother for breaking her book.(她因弟弟弄坏她的书而生气。) Don’t get angry at small mistakes.(别为小错误生气。) 【同义短语辨析】 get angry with sb.:与 get angry at sb. 基本同义,更侧重 “对某人本身” 生气(语气稍弱)。 例句:He got angry with me for being late.(他因我迟到而生气。) 区别: at 强调 “针对具体行为或事物”(如 angry at what he said); with 强调 “对人本身”(如 angry with him)。 【典例】 1. My sister ______ me because I broke her favorite toy. A. got angry at B. got angry with C. got angry about D. got angry to 2. Don't __________ (get) angry __________ small things. It's not worth it.不要因小事生气。这不值得。 【参考答案】1. B 2. get; at 【考点26】Zhao and Ma also made peace.赵乐和马晓超也和好了。 【详解】 make peace意为“和解;讲和;达成和平”,指结束冲突、分歧或敌对状态,恢复友好关系。 短语:make peace with sb.(与某人和解)。 例句:They finally made peace after weeks of arguing.(经过几周的争吵,他们最终和好了。) 同义短语: make up:和解(更口语化,侧重个人间的矛盾)。 例:They made up after a big fight.(他们大吵一架后和好了。) 【典例】 1. After the argument, they decided to ______ and work together again. A. make peace with each other B. make peace at each other C. make peace to each other D. make peace each other 2. Our teacher helped us ______ (make) peace ______ our classmates after the misunderstanding. 【参考答案】1.A 2. make; with 【语法点1】The suffix -ly 副词的构成规则 【点拨】 副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示动作的方式、程度、频率等。 -ly 后缀是英语中常见的副词构成形式,通常由形容词 + -ly 转变而来,用于描述动作的具体状态。 一、形容词变副词的规则 规则 示例(形容词→副词) 例句 直接加 -ly heavy→heavily quiet→quietly It is raining heavily.(雨下得很大。) We speak quietly in the library.(我们在图书馆轻声说话。) 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 -ly happy→happily lucky→luckily "We win!" he says happily.(他高兴地说:“我们赢了!”) Luckily, we passed the exam.(幸运的是,我们通过了考试。) 以 “-le” 结尾,去 e 加 -ly terrible→terribly possible→possibly The movie was terribly boring.(这部电影非常无聊。) 特殊情况(形容词与副词同形) fast→fast hard→hard She runs fast.(她跑得快。) He works hard.(他努力工作。) 二、教材例句解析 1.There is a heavy rain. It is raining heavily. (形容词 heavy 修饰名词 rain,副词 heavily 修饰动词 raining,表示 “雨下得大”。) 2.The library is quiet. We should speak quietly to each other. (形容词 quiet 描述图书馆的状态,副词 quietly 修饰动词 speak,表示 “说话轻声地”。) 3.My grandmother can only hear a loud voice. My grandfather speaks to her loudly. (形容词 loud 修饰名词 voice,副词 loudly 修饰动词 speaks,表示 “大声地说话”。) 三、副词构成的不规则用法拓展 1. 形容词与副词同形(无需加 -ly) 有些词既是 形容词(修饰名词)也是 副词(修饰动词),形式完全相同,需通过语境判断词性。 单词 形容词用法(修饰名词) 副词用法(修饰动词) 例句 fast a fast car(一辆快车) run fast(跑得快) The fast horse runs fast.(这匹快马跑得很快。) hard a hard task(一项艰巨的任务) work hard(努力工作) It’s a hard job, but he works hard.(这是份苦差事,但他很努力。) late a late bus(一辆晚到的公交车) arrive late(迟到) Don’t be late for school. / Don’t arrive late.(上学别迟到。) early an early bird(一只早起的鸟) get up early(早起) She is an early riser and gets up early every day.(她是个早起的人,每天早起。) straight a straight line(一条直线) go straight(直走) Draw a straight line and then go straight.(画一条直线,然后直走。) 2. 特殊变化:副词形式与形容词完全不同 形容词 对应副词 例句 good well She is a good student. / She studies well.(她是个好学生,学习很好。) 3. 以 -ly 结尾但不是副词的形容词 有些词虽然以 -ly 结尾,但实际上是 形容词,用于修饰名词,不能直接修饰动词。常见词: 单词 词性 含义 例句 friendly 形容词 友好的 She is a friendly girl.(她是个友好的女孩。) lovely 形容词 可爱的 Look at the lovely dog.(看那只可爱的狗。) lonely 形容词 孤独的 The old man feels lonely.(老人感到孤独。) daily 形容词 每日的 Daily exercise is good for health.(每日锻炼有益健康。) weekly 形容词 每周的 We have a weekly test.(我们有每周一次的测试。) 4. 易混淆的不规则副词 hard 与 hardly hard(副词):努力地;猛烈地 → work hard(努力工作) /rain hard(雨下得大) hardly(副词):几乎不(表示否定) → I can hardly understand you.(我几乎听不懂你说的话。) late 与lately late(副词):晚;迟 → arrive late(迟到) lately(副词):最近(= recently) → I haven’t seen him lately.(我最近没见过他。) 【典例】 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.She sings __________ (beautiful). 2.He writes __________ (careful) in his notebook. 3.They played the game __________ (happy) together. 4.The car is running __________ (fast). 5.__________(luck), the bus arrived on time. 6. She is a __________ (friend)girl. 7. He plays basketball very __________(good). 8. I __________(real) like this book. 9. They worked __________(hard) but failed. 【答案】 1. beautifully。“sing”是动词,要用副词修饰,“beautiful”的副词形式是“beautifully”,表示“她唱歌很好听” 。 2. carefully。“write”是动词,“careful”的副词形式“carefully”修饰动词,意思是“他在笔记本上写得很认真”。 3. happily。“played”是动词,“happy”变副词“happily”修饰该动作,即“他们一起开心地玩游戏”。 4. fast。“fast”既是形容词也是副词,这里修饰动词“running”,表示“汽车跑得很快”。 5. Luckily。此处需用副词作状语,修饰整个句子,“luck”的副词形式是“luckily”,意思是“幸运的是,公交车按时到了”。 6. friendly。“girl”是名词,要用形容词修饰,“friend”的形容词形式是“friendly”,表示“她是一个友好的女孩”。 7. well。“play”是动词,“good”的副词形式“well”修饰动词,意为“他篮球打得很好”。 8. really。“like”是动词,“real”的副词形式“really”修饰动词,即“我真的很喜欢这本书”。 9. hard。“work”是动词,“hard”本身可作副词,修饰动词,“hardly”意思是“几乎不”,不符合语境,这里表示“他们努力工作但失败了”。 二、判断下列句子中划线词是形容词还是副词 1.He is a fast runner. ( ) He runs fast. ( ) 2.The music sounds loud. ( ) Please speak loudly. ( ) 【答案】 1. 第一个“fast”是形容词,修饰名词“runner”;第二个“fast”是副词,修饰动词“runs”。 2. 第一个“loud”是形容词,在系动词“sounds”后作表语;第二个“loudly”是副词,修饰动词“speak”。 三、改写句子,用副词形式替换划线部分 1.She is a quick learner. → She learns __________. 2.They had a quiet dinner. → They had dinner __________. 【答案】 1. quickly。“quick”的副词形式是“quickly”,修饰动词“learns”。 2. quietly。“quiet”的副词形式是“quietly”,修饰动词短语“had dinner”。 四、判断下列句子是否正确,错误的请改正 1. She sings beautiful. → _________________________ 2. He is a lonely man and lives lonely. → _________________________ 【答案】 1. She sings beautifully. “sing”是动词,不能用形容词“beautiful”修饰,需改为副词“beautifully”。 2. He is a lonely man and lives alone. 第一个“lonely”是形容词作定语修饰“man”,第二个“lonely”错误,修饰动词“lives”要用副词“alone”,表示“独自地” 。 【语法点2】Conjunctions and/but/or 并列连词 and/but/or的用法 【点拨】 一、连词核心用法总结 连词 含义 用法规则 例句(教材原句) and 和、并且 连接相似或顺承关系的词、短语或句子,表示并列、递进、顺承。 We listened to each other and shared our ideas.(我们互相倾听并分享想法。) but 但是、然而 连接相反或转折关系的词、短语或句子,表示对比、转折。 Class Three won, but we all had fun.(三班赢了,但我们都很开心。) or 或者、否则 ① 表示选择(二者选其一);② 表示 “否则”(= if not),用于警告或条件。 Did you play soccer or go fishing yesterday?(你昨天踢足球还是去钓鱼了?) 二、用法解析 1. and 的用法 连接并列成分(名词、动词、句子等),表示 “和”“并且”。 → Li Xiang drew the pictures and Lingling wrote the stories.(李翔画画,玲玲写故事。) 表示顺承关系(时间或逻辑上的先后)。 → We discussed the plan and then started working.(我们讨论了计划,然后开始工作。) 固定搭配: both...and...(两者都) go on and on(持续不断) 2. but 的用法 表示转折(前后内容相反),相当于 “但是”。 → They tried their best, but they lost the game.(他们尽了全力,但输掉了比赛。) 对比差异(强调前后的不同)。 → I like basketball, but my brother likes football.(我喜欢篮球,但我哥哥喜欢足球。) 注意:but 不能与 although/though 同时使用。 3. or 的用法 表示选择(两者中选一个),用于一般疑问句或否定句。 → Will you go to the park or the zoo?(你去公园还是动物园?) → I don’t like coffee or tea.(我不喜欢咖啡或茶。) 表示 “否则”(= if not),用于 “祈使句 + or + 结果” 结构。 → Hurry up, or you’ll be late.(快点,否则你会迟到。) 固定搭配: either...or...(要么… 要么…) or so(大约) 三、教材原句解析 1.Kangkang, did our class or Class Three win the football game? (or 表示选择,用于疑问句中询问二者其一) 2.They practiced over and over again, and at last they won. (and 连接顺承动作,“反复练习” 后 “最终获胜”) 3.The workers dug from both sides, but the digging came to a stop two years later. (but 表示转折,“开始挖掘” 但 “后来停止”) 四、总结(口诀记忆) and 表并列,前后一致要牢记(和、并且); but 表转折,前后相反别忘记(但是、然而); or 表选择,二者其一要注意(或者),有时 “否则” 来提醒(= if not)。 四、习题练习(适合七年级学生) Exercise 4:完成教材 Activity 3 文本填空(原文片段) The Channel Tunnel is 50 kilometers long. It is between Britain and France. There are three tunnels, two for trains ______ one for workers. At first, the workers started digging from both sides. They dug about 2 kilometers from each side in the first year, ______ the digging came to a stop two years later. Should they give up ______ go on digging? In 1966, France decided to go on with the project, ______ the British did, too. 【典例】 一、用 and/but/or 填空 1.I like apples ______ bananas. They are both my favorite fruits. 2.Hurry up, ______ you will miss the bus. 3.She wanted to buy a book, ______ she didn’t have enough money. 4.Do you want tea ______ coffee? 5.We cleaned the classroom ______ decorated it for the party. 【答案】 1.and(连接并列名词,表并列) 2.or(表示 “否则”,祈使句 + or + 结果) 3.but(前后转折,“想买书” 但 “没钱”) 4.or(疑问句中表选择) 5.and(连接顺承动作,“打扫” 并 “装饰”) 二、判断连词用法(选择 and/but/or) 1.Join us, ______ you’ll have a great time. 2.He is tall, ______ his brother is short. 3.I can play piano ______ guitar. 【答案】 1.and(顺承,“加入我们,你会玩得开心”) 2.but(转折,“他高” 但 “弟弟矮”) 3.and(并列,“会弹钢琴和吉他”) 三、改写句子,使用正确连词 1.I want to go to the museum. My friend wants to go to the museum, too. → my friend ______I want to go to the museum. 2.You can stay at home. You can go to the library with me. → You can stay at home ______ go to the library with me. 3.She tried to solve the problem. She couldn’t find the answer. → She tried to solve the problem, ______ she couldn’t find the answer. 【答案】 1.and(“我和朋友都想去博物馆”) 2.or(二者选其一,“待在家或去图书馆”) 3.but(转折,“尝试解决但没找到答案”) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!第1页 共3页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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Unit 12 Better Together(知识清单)英语新教材仁爱科普版七年级下册
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Unit 12 Better Together(知识清单)英语新教材仁爱科普版七年级下册
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Unit 12 Better Together(知识清单)英语新教材仁爱科普版七年级下册
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