Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Welcome to the unit & Reading(课件PPT+Word教案)-【步步高】2024-2025学年高一英语必修第三册教师用书（译林版2020）

Section Ⅱ　Welcome to the unit & Reading Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the passage? A．The Amazon rainforest is the largest rainforest in the world. B．The Amazon rainforest is known as the “lungs of the planet”． C．The Amazon rainforest is a natural treasure house on the Earth. D．The Amazon rainforest gives the richest biodiversity on the Earth. 答案　C Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．How many known plant species in the world can be found in the Amazon rainforest? A．About one in six. B．About one in ten. C．About one in five. D．About one in eight. 答案　B 2．What can we learn from the fourth paragraph? A．Jaguars are only one element of the forest’s food chain. B．Jaguars feed on less than 80 species. C．Jaguars don’t eat frogs. D．When a jaguar dies，its body won’t be broken down. 答案　A 3．Why is the Amazon rainforest known as the “lungs of the planet”？ A．Because it looks like a lung. B．Because the Amazon rainforest will disappear. C．Because there are many species of plants and animals there. D．Because it fixes carbon and produces over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen. 答案　D 4．What is the purpose of this documentary script? A．To advertise the Amazon rainforest. B．To persuade readers to protect wildlife. C．To popularize(科普) the Amazon rainforest. D．To call for our joint efforts to protect the Amazon rainforest. 答案　D 5．What is the author’s attitude towards the Amazon rainforest? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Objective. D．Indifferent. 答案　C Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 The Amazon rainforest,1.which is the largest rainforest in the world，plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem.The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries,2.including(include) Brazil and Peru，and one overseas region of France.The Amazon River is close to 6,400 kilometres in 3.length(long)．Of the 390,000 plant species 4.known(know) to humans，more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon.The forest’s different levels support 5.an unbelievable variety of wildlife.Each level of the forest forms its own little world，home to different kinds of 6.living(live) things.More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle’s plant life.The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and 7.producing(produce) over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen.Thus,8.it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”．However，over the past 50 years，about 17 per cent of the rainforest 9.has disappeared(disappear) due to human activities.As a result，we have to think about the question whether we can afford 10.to damage(damage) the “lungs of the planet”． Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries(country)，including Brazil and Peru，and one overseas region of France，all on the South American continent.(P2，Para.2) 结构分析：此句是简单句。all on the South American continent是独立主格结构作状语。 汉语翻译：亚马孙雨林穿过包括巴西、秘鲁在内的八个国家，以及一块法国的海外领地，都位于南美洲大陆。 2．Of the 390,000 plant species known to us，more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon.(P3，Para.3) 结构分析：此句是简单句。句中过去分词短语known to us作后置定语，修饰plant species。 汉语翻译：在人类已知的390 000种植物物种中，在亚马孙可以找到40 000多种。 3．While a significant number of jaguars survive here，they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.(P3，Para.4) 结构分析：此句是复合句。while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。 汉语翻译：尽管这里生存着数量可观的美洲豹，但它们仅仅是雨林食物链的一环。 4．When a jaguar dies，a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.(P3，Para.4) 结构分析：此句是复合句。when引导时间状语从句。 汉语翻译：当一只美洲豹死亡时，一小支微生物军队会助力其尸体的分解，让营养素重回土壤之中。 5．As the impact of human activities continues to grow(grow) and the list of species in danger of extinction(extinct) becomes longer，we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？(P3，Para.5) 结构分析：此句为复合句。as引导时间状语从句；we are left with a question是主句；can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”作a question的同位语。 汉语翻译：随着人类活动影响的不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这就留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？ Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 倍数表达法 With an area of around 6 million square kilometres，the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.(P2，Para.2) 亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。 结构分析：句中more than half the size of China是“倍数表达法”的一种表达形式。 ————————————————————————————————————————英语中常见的倍数表达方式有： •A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length/...)＋of＋B •A＋be＋倍数＋形容词/副词(比较级)＋than＋B •A＋be＋倍数＋as＋形容词/副词(原级)＋as＋B •A＋be＋倍数＋what从句 注意：表达“两倍”时，用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上时则用“基数词＋times”来表达。表示倍数也可用分数、百分数，half等其他程度状语。 ———————————————————————————————————————— (1)My school has expanded into a big one，which is twice as big as the former one. (2)The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster(fast) than traditional garbage as a whole. (3)The number of students now in this region is four times what it was ten years ago. [写作佳句] (4)这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在，我们的学校是十年前的三倍大。 The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our school is three times the size of/is three times as large as/is three times larger than what it was ten years ago. “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 The Amazon River，from which the rainforest gets its name，is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.(P2，Para.2) 亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长约6 400千米，比长江还长大约100千米。 结构分析：此句是复合句。from which the rainforest gets its name是“介词＋which”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 The Amazon River。 ————————————————————————————————————————•“介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，关系代词只能用which或whom。修饰物时用which，修饰人时用whom。 •介词应根据以下方面来选择： ①句意； ②定语从句中谓语动词或形容词与介词的搭配； ③表示所属关系或者表示“整体中的一部分”都用of。 ———————————————————————————————————————— (1)I bought a great many books about climate，on which I spent all my money that I had saved. (2)Many young people，most of whom are well-educated，realize the importance of the biodiversity on the Earth. [写作佳句] (3)(应用文写作之校园生活)我积极参加了英语讲座，从中我充分了解了英美文化。 I have actively attended English lectures，from which I have a good knowledge of British and American cultures. (4)(应用文写作之环保活动)这个旨在提高我们的环境保护意识的活动吸引了很多志愿者。 The activity，the aim of which is to raise our awareness of environmental protection，appeals to a mass of volunteers. 完全倒装结构 Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.(P3，Para.3) 往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。 结构分析：此句是完全倒装结构。正常语序为“The mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor is above that.”。 ————————————————————————————————————————构成完全倒装结构的条件： •表示地点或方位的副词here，there，up，down，out，in，away；表示时间的副词now，then；表语以及表示地点的介词短语位于句首。 •谓语动词通常是表示姿势的不及物动词(如hang，lie，sit，stand等)和表示行动的不及物动词(如come，go，run，live，rise等)。 注意：句子的主语是名词时主谓需要倒装，如果句子的主语是代词，则主谓不倒装。 ———————————————————————————————————————— (1)(应用文写作之建议信)以下是关于如何平衡兼职工作和学习的一些建议。 Here are some suggestions on how to keep a balance between a part-time job and study. (2)(应用文写作之校园介绍)我们学校的中心矗立着我们的图书馆，它在花园和教学楼之间。 In the centre of our school lies our library，which is between the garden and the teaching building. (3)(读后续写之人物动作描写)正站在教室外的是一位男孩，低着头默默地哭着。 Standing outside the classroom is a boy，lowering his head and crying silently. 课文重点词块默写 1．是……的家园be home to 2．各种各样的a wide range of 3．从……判断judging from 4．大量的，一片a huge sea of 5．充满；到处是(be) alive with 6．在……中起重要作用play a significant role in 7．维持地球生态系统的良好平衡maintain the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem 8．穿过，横穿cross into 9．面积为……with an area of 10．超过more than 11．接近be close to 12．在长度上in length 13．十分之一one in ten 14．为……所熟知be known to 15．足够做……be enough to do 16．躺在……上lie down on 17．由……组成be made up of 18．高耸古老的阔叶树the towering ancient hardwoods 19．生物living things 20．大量的a significant number of 21．以……为食feed on 22．相应地in turn 23．分解；分裂break down 24．注入活力breathe life into 25．作为……而著名be known as 26．被用于be used for 27．由于人类的活动due to human activities 28．濒临灭绝的物种名单the list of species in danger of extinction 29．承担破坏“地球之肺”的代价afford to damage the “lungs of the planet” 训练2　Welcome to the unit & Reading　[分值：50分] Ⅰ.单句写作(话题写作之人与环境)(共15分) 1．众所周知，众多的人类活动对我们的家园——地球，造成了巨大的危害。(harm) It is well known that a great many human activities have done great harm to our home—Earth. 2．这一点在自然灾害的规模急剧增加上尤为明显，其规模是过去十年的三倍。(倍数表达法) This is evident in the sharp increase in the size of natural disasters，which is three times larger than that of the previous decade. 3．这里有一些方法来保护地球免受污染。(完全倒装) Here are various/a variety of ways to protect the earth from pollution. 4．我们应该在日常生活中高度重视垃圾的分类和回收，通过这些我们可以减少污染和保护自然资源。(“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句) We should attach great importance to garbage sorting and recycling in our daily life，through which we can reduce pollution and conserve natural resources. 5．请牢记重建我们绿色、清洁的地球需要我们每个人的努力和贡献。(call for) Keep in mind that rebuilding our green and clean earth calls for everyone’s efforts and contributions. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 参考范文 It is well known that a great many human activities have done great harm to our home—Earth.This is evident in the sharp increase in the size of natural disasters，which is three times larger than that of the previous decade.Here are various/a variety of ways to protect the earth from pollution. Firstly，participating in voluntary work such as planting trees and picking up rubbish is necessary.Moreover，we should attach great importance to garbage sorting and recycling in our daily life，through which we can reduce pollution and conserve natural resources.Finally，it is of great importance to live a low-carbon life.For example，it makes sense to turn off the taps，the lights and other electrical appliances when we are not using them. Keep in mind that rebuilding our green and clean earth calls for everyone’s efforts and contributions.Let’s join hands to make our planet a greener one! Ⅱ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A Oxygen levels have dropped in hundreds of lakes in the United States and Europe over the last four decades，according to a new study. Researchers examined the temperature and the amount of dissolved oxygen(溶解氧) in nearly 400 lakes and discovered widespread drops in oxygen levels.They found dissolved oxygen fell an average of 5.5 percent in the surface water and 18.6 percent in deep water.Their findings suggest that warming temperatures and falling water clearness from human activity are causing oxygen levels to fall. Testing for oxygen is one of the best ways to judge how healthy water systems are.The study’s findings suggest a conspicuous human footprint.That footprint includes warming caused by climate change.In addition，falling water clearness can be caused by runoff(地表径流) from human waste systems，cars and power plants. Dissolved oxygen losses in Earth’s water systems have been reported before.A 2017 study of oxygen levels in the world’s oceans showed a two-percent drop since 1960.But less was known about lakes，which lost 2.75 to 9.3 times as much oxygen as oceans，the new study found.Before this study，other researchers had reported oxygen drops in individual lakes over a long period of time.But no one looked at as many lakes around the world. The drop of oxygen levels in deep water may affect creatures that are more sensitive to temperature increases，such as cold water fish.During summer months they depend on cooler temperatures found in deeper water.But if deep water is low in oxygen，these creatures can’t survive.“Those are the conditions that sometimes lead to fish kills in the water，” said study co-author Kevin C．Rose.“It means a lot of areas cold water fish depend on may become unlivable.” Meanwhile，about a quarter of the lakes examined actually showed increasing oxygen in the surface water.It is a bad sign because it points to a sudden growth of algae(藻类)．In those lakes，dissolved oxygen was “very low” in deep water，likely creating unlivable conditions for many species，the researchers said. 1．What does the underlined word “conspicuous” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Noticeable. B．Hidden. C．Similar. D．Rare. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的两句可知，湖泊的溶解氧损失有明显的人类活动的原因，故画线词所在句意为“研究结果显示出明显的人类足迹”，conspicuous意为“明显的”，故选A。 2．Why is the 2017 study mentioned? A．To compare different research findings. B．To show the difficulty in studying lakes. C．To explore more possibilities of the research. D．To explain the necessity of carrying out the new research. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段前三句可知，人们很早就关注了水体的溶解氧损失，2017年的研究发现了海洋含氧量下降的问题，但之前人们对湖泊的研究较少，而新研究发现湖泊的氧气损失更加严重，故文章提到2017年的研究是为了解释这项新研究的必要性。故选D。 3．What is a result of dissolved oxygen losses in deep water? A．Some fish’s low sensitivity to temperatures. B．A serious food shortage for deep-water fish. C．Less chance for deep-water fish to survive. D．Changes in the living habits of deep-water fish. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“But if deep water is low in oxygen，these creatures can’t survive.”可知，深水区溶解氧下降会导致深水鱼类生存的机会更少，故选C。 4．What does increased oxygen in a lake’s surface water probably suggest? A．Water quality is improving there. B．The local ecosystem is getting worse. C．Climate change is being controlled properly. D．The impact of human activity has been weakened. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，湖泊表层水中氧气的增加意味着藻类的突然生长，这些湖泊中深水区的溶解氧非常低，不适合很多物种居住，故这表明当地的生态系统可能正在恶化，故选B。 B Antarctica is the most distant part of the world，but it is a center of scientific discovery and environmental change. It was officially discovered on Jan.27,1820.Early explorers were attracted there by the secret of Terra Australis.Others sought money from catching whales.Still others wanted to understand Earth’s pole in order to better sail the seas.I am a geologist(地质学家) who studies the timing and extent of past ice ages.I’ve been very lucky to conduct five seasons of research there under the protection of the Antarctic Treaty(条约)，an international agreement that encourages scientific cooperation(合作) and environmental protection. Antarctica is the only continent that was actually discovered，because it has no native human population.British explorer Sir James Cook sailed around the continent in 1772－1775，but saw only some outlying islands(离岛)．Cook said that if there were any land，it would be “never to give way to the warmth of the sun”．But Cook also reported that Antarctic waters were rich with wildlife. Today parts of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet are particularly close to collapse(坍塌)．Recent researches show sea level could rise by 1 meter by 2100 and 15 meters by 2500 if the greenhouse effect continues and the ice sheet experiences a rapid collapse，as it has in the past.Despite the environmental disaster in Antarctica，the continent also shows that nations can cooperate to find solutions.The Antarctic Treaty System is the world’s most important example of peaceful and scientific international cooperation.Thanks to it,10% of Earth’s land surface is protected for wildlife. Yet in these bad environments，life finds a way to survive—showing that there are solutions to even the most difficult challenges.If Antarctica has taught me anything in 200 years，it’s that we can work together to deal with problems.As Ernest Shackleton once said，“Difficulties are just things to solve，after all.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了南极洲的基本信息以及人类为共同探索和保护南极洲所作的努力。 5．What is the author’s purpose of going to Antarctica? A．To observe whales in Antarctic waters. B．To unlock the secret of Terra Australis. C．To conduct his geological research. D．To sign an international agreement. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“I am a geologist(地质学家)”和“I’ve been very lucky to conduct five seasons of research there under the protection of the Antarctic Treaty(条约)”可知，作者去南极洲的目的是进行他的地质研究。故选C。 6．What did Cook want to tell us about Antarctica in paragraph 3? A．It includes some tiny islands. B．It is terribly cold all day long. C．It provides good places to sail. D．It is one of the remotest areas of the world. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Cook said that if there were any land，it would be ‘never to give way to the warmth of the sun’．”可知，库克是想告诉我们南极洲整天都冷得可怕。故选B。 7．What is the author’s attitude to the Antarctic Treaty System according to paragraph 4? A．Doubtful. B．Favorable. C．Shocked. D．Disappointed. 答案　B 解析　观点态度题。根据第四段中“The Antarctic Treaty System is the world’s most important example of peaceful and scientific international cooperation.Thanks to it,10% of Earth’s land surface is protected for wildlife.”可推知，作者对南极条约体系的态度是赞许的。故选B。 8．What has the author learned from the history of Antarctic exploration? A．Life should be given a purpose. B．It’s time to explore nature. C．Science wins all. D．Cooperation matters. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If Antarctica has taught me anything in 200 years，it’s that we can work together to deal with problems.”可知，作者从南极探险的历史中学到了合作很重要。故选D。 Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) Long-distance cycling becomes more popular nowadays.Some may argue that it brings tiredness but it’s nothing， 1 with the joy of climbing huge mountains or seeing splendid sights.My long-distance cycling career of 13 years ended as I approached 75.Although I am now no longer 2 enough to bear the long days and big climbs，I have my 3 . It was easy to meet different people with 4 during the trips，where I got to 5 the very best in people.In 2007，a stranger stopped her car alongside me to make me a most welcome cup of tea.In 2014，a couple 6 me their place to spend the night. The support and comfort they gave was a(n) 7 change from the long hours I had spent alone on the bike.As each trip 8 its end，I gradually forgot the long hours of riding.The pain and failure I experienced were eventually 9 by only happy memories of the trip. Meanwhile，cycling gave me much time to 10 sufferings I went through in my life.Time 11 everything.Cycling also taught me to like who I am.I finally accepted that I have more courage than I ever imagined，which was 12 in these trips.No matter how distant the 13 was，I could get there without any support. These were the adventures of my life，and they were 14 memories.With cycling，the success or failure 15 not on luck or conditions but on me alone. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的骑行经历以及这些经历给作者带来的人生感悟——成功或失败不是取决于运气或环境，而是取决于自己。 1．A.combined B．compared C．connected D．concerned 答案　B 解析　combine结合；compare比较；connect连接；concern担心。根据上文“Some may argue that it brings tiredness but it’s nothing”和下文“with the joy of climbing huge mountains or seeing splendid sights”可知，此处是指同登上高山或看到壮丽的风景的喜悦相比，疲惫不值一提，故选B。 2．A.strong B．positive C．innovative D．emotional 答案　A 解析　strong强壮的；positive积极的；innovative创新的；emotional冲动的。根据上文“My long-distance cycling career of 13 years ended as I approached 75.”可知，作者现在没那么强壮了，故选A。 3．A.solutions B．strengths C．memories D．ambitions 答案　C 解析　solution解决方法；strength强项；memory回忆；ambition抱负。根据下文写的以前登山时遇到的人和事可知，空处指的是回忆，故选C。 4．A.power B．energy C．kindness D．confidence 答案　C 解析　power权力；energy精力；kindness善良；confidence信心。根据下文“where I got to the very best in people”可推知，作者遇到很多善良的人，故选C。 5．A.make B．ride C．welcome D．experience 答案　D 解析　make使，让；ride骑；welcome欢迎；experience体验。根据下文“In 2007，a stranger stopped her car alongside me to make me a most welcome cup of tea.”可知，作者体验到了人性最好的一面，故选D。 6．A.offered B．rewarded C．supported D．permitted 答案　A 解析　offer提供；reward奖励；support支持；permit允许。根据上文“a couple”和下文“their place to spend the night”可推知，是一对夫妻提供地方给作者过夜，故选A。 7．A.sharp B．overall C．apparent D．pleasant 答案　D 解析　sharp锐利的；overall总体的；apparent表面上的；pleasant愉快的。根据上文“The support and comfort they gave”可知是愉快的改变，故选D。 8．A.neared B．located C．recorded D．confirmed 答案　A 解析　near接近；locate使位于；record记录；confirm确认。根据下文“I gradually forgot the long hours of riding”可知，在旅行接近结束的时候，作者会逐渐忘记自己已经骑行很长时间，故选A。 9．A.moved B．replaced C．consumed D．abandoned 答案　B 解析　move移动；replace取代；consume消耗；abandon放弃。根据上文“The support and comfort they gave was a(n) change from the long hours I had spent alone on the bike.”可知，因为有了那些善良人的支持和安慰，作者经历的痛苦和失败最终被快乐的回忆所取代，故选B。 10．A.reflect on B．bring in C．think up D．set aside 答案　A 解析　reflect on反思；bring in带进来；think up想出；set aside把……放置一旁。根据下文“sufferings I went through in my life”可知，骑行使作者有时间反思生活中所经历的痛苦，故选A。 11．A.kills B．cures C．needs D．keeps 答案　B 解析　kill毁灭；cure治愈；need需要；keep保持。根据上文“Meanwhile，cycling gave me much time to sufferings I went through in my life.”可知，时间可以治愈一切(痛苦)，故选B。 12．A.lost B．thrown C．required D．affected 答案　C 解析　lose失去；throw扔掉；require需要；affect影响。根据上文“I finally accepted that I have more courage than I ever imagined”和下文“in these trips”可知，旅行中会遇到很多事情，所以需要勇气，故选C。 13．A.future B．journey C．relationship D．destination 答案　D 解析　future未来；journey旅行；relationship关系；destination目的地。根据下文“I could get there without any support”以及全文都在说关于长途骑行的事情可知，此处指的是不管目的地有多遥远，故选D。 14．A.instant B．painful C．sufficient D．impressive 答案　D 解析　instant立即的；painful痛苦的；sufficient足够的；impressive令人印象深刻的。根据上文“These were the adventures of my life”可知，这些都是作者的冒险经历，一定是令人印象深刻的，故选D。 15．A.falls B．depends C．insists D．focuses 答案　B 解析　fall落下；depend依赖；insist坚持；focus集中。根据下文“not on luck or conditions but on me alone”可知这是作者的感悟——成功或失败不是取决于运气或环境，而是取决于自己，故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Section Ⅱ Welcome to the unit & Reading Nature in the balance Unit 1 Part 1　课文整体理解 Part 2　长句难句分析 整体理解 课文 3 Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the passage? A.The Amazon rainforest is the largest rainforest in the world. B.The Amazon rainforest is known as the “lungs of the planet”. C.The Amazon rainforest is a natural treasure house on the Earth. D.The Amazon rainforest gives the richest biodiversity on the Earth. √ Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Paras. 1&2: An overview of the Amazon rainforest The Amazon rainforest: a natural treasure Para. 3 Para. 4 Para. 5 Para. 1 Para. 2 It’s the largest rainforest and plays a 1._________ role in maintaining the fine 2.________ of the Earth’s ecosystem. Its 3._____, location and species. The Amazon rainforest is home to more than 40,000 4.____________. The Amazon rainforest is home to more than 5.______ species of birds and over 400 species of mammals. The present 6._________ of the Amazon rainforest About 17% of the rainforest 7.______________ and many species are in danger of 8._________ due to human activities. significant balance size plant species 1,300 situation has disappeared extinction Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1.How many known plant species in the world can be found in the Amazon rainforest? A.About one in six. B.About one in ten. C.About one in five. D.About one in eight. √ 2.What can we learn from the fourth paragraph? A.Jaguars are only one element of the forest’s food chain. B.Jaguars feed on less than 80 species. C.Jaguars don’t eat frogs. D.When a jaguar dies，its body won’t be broken down. √ 3.Why is the Amazon rainforest known as the “lungs of the planet”？ A.Because it looks like a lung. B.Because the Amazon rainforest will disappear. C.Because there are many species of plants and animals there. D.Because it fixes carbon and produces over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen. √ 4.What is the purpose of this documentary script? A.To advertise the Amazon rainforest. B.To persuade readers to protect wildlife. C.To popularize(科普) the Amazon rainforest. D.To call for our joint efforts to protect the Amazon rainforest. √ 5.What is the author’s attitude towards the Amazon rainforest? A.Positive. B.Negative. C.Objective. D.Indifferent. √ Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 The Amazon rainforest,1.______ is the largest rainforest in the world，plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem.The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries,2.__________ (include) Brazil and Peru，and one overseas region of France.The Amazon River is close to 6,400 kilometres in 3.__________(long).Of the 390,000 plant species 4.________(know) to humans，more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon.The forest’s different levels support 5._____ unbelievable variety of wildlife. which including length known an Each level of the forest forms its own little world，home to different kinds of 6._______(live) things.More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle’s plant life.The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and 7.__________ (produce) over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen.Thus,8.____ is often known as the “lungs of the planet”.However，over the past 50 years，about 17 per cent of the rainforest 9.________________(disappear) due to human activities.As a result，we have to think about the question whether we can afford 10.___________(damage) the “lungs of the planet”. 返 回 living producing it has disappeared to damage 难句分析 长句 13 1.The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight ________(country)，including Brazil and Peru，______ one overseas region of France，all on the South American continent.(P2，Para.2) 结构分析：此句是______句。all on the South American continent是_____________作状语。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 countries and 简单 独立主格结构 亚马孙雨林穿过包括巴西、秘鲁在内的八个国家，以及一块法国的海外领地，都位于南美洲大陆。 2.Of the 390,000 plant species known to us，more than 40,000 can be found _____ the Amazon.(P3，Para.3) 结构分析：此句是______句。句中过去分词短语known to us作________语，修饰plant species。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ in 简单 后置定 在人类已知的390 000种植物物种中，在亚马孙可以找到 40 000多种。 3.While _____ significant number of jaguars survive here，they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.(P3，Para.4) 结构分析：此句是______句。while引导__________从句，意为“______ _____”。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ a 复合 让步状语 虽然， 尽管 尽管这里生存着数量可观的美洲豹，但它们仅仅是雨林食物链的一环。 4.When a jaguar dies，a tiny army of microorganisms helps break ______ its body and return the nutrients ______ the earth.(P3，Para.4) 结构分析：此句是______句。when引导__________从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ down to 复合 时间状语 当一只美洲豹死亡时，一小支微生物军队会助力其尸体的分解，让营养素重回土壤之中。 5.As the impact of human activities continues ________(grow) and the list of species in danger of __________(extinct) becomes longer，we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？(P3，Para.5) 结构分析：此句为_____句。as引导__________从句；we are left with a question是______；can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”作a question的_______。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ to grow extinction 复合 时间状语 主句 同位语 随着人类活动影响的不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这就留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？ Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 1　 倍数表达法 With an area of around 6 million square kilometres，the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.(P2，Para.2) 亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。 结构分析：句中more than half the size of China是“倍数表达法”的一种表达形式。 英语中常见的倍数表达方式有： • A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length/...)＋of＋B • A＋be＋倍数＋形容词/副词(比较级)＋than＋B • A＋be＋倍数＋as＋形容词/副词(原级)＋as＋B • A＋be＋倍数＋what从句 注意：表达“两倍”时，用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上时则用“基数词＋times”来表达。表示倍数也可用分数、百分数，half等其他程度状语。 (1)My school has expanded into a big one，which is twice as big _______ the former one. (2)The electronic waste stream is increasing three times ______(fast) than traditional garbage as a whole. (3)The number of students now in this region is four times _______ it was ten years ago. as faster what (4)这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在，我们的学校是十年前的三倍大。 The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our school _____________________________________________ _______________________ what it was ten years ago. 写作佳句 is three times the size of/is three times as large as/ is three times larger than 2　 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 The Amazon River，from which the rainforest gets its name，is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.(P2，Para.2) 亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长约6 400千米，比长江还长大约100千米。 结构分析：此句是复合句。from which the rainforest gets its name是“介词＋which”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 The Amazon River。 • “介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制 性定语从句，关系代词只能用which或whom。修饰物时用which，修 饰人时用whom。 • 介词应根据以下方面来选择： ①句意； ②定语从句中谓语动词或形容词与介词的搭配； ③表示所属关系或者表示“整体中的一部分”都用of。 (1)I bought a great many books about climate，_____ which I spent all my money that I had saved. (2)Many young people，most of _________ are well-educated，realize the importance of the biodiversity on the Earth. on whom (3)(应用文写作之校园生活)我积极参加了英语讲座，从中我充分了解了英美文化。 I have actively attended English lectures，__________________ __________________ British and American cultures. (4)(应用文写作之环保活动)这个旨在提高我们的环境保护意识的活动吸引了很多志愿者。 The activity，the aim ________________________________ of environmental protection，appeals to a mass of volunteers. 写作佳句 from which I have a good knowledge of of which is to raise our awareness 3 完全倒装结构 Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.(P3，Para.3) 往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。 结构分析：此句是完全倒装结构。正常语序为“The mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor is above that.”。 构成完全倒装结构的条件： • 表示地点或方位的副词here，there，up，down，out，in，away；表 示时间的副词now，then；表语以及表示地点的介词短语位于句首。 • 谓语动词通常是表示姿势的不及物动词(如hang，lie，sit，stand等)和 表示行动的不及物动词(如come，go，run，live，rise等)。 注意：句子的主语是名词时主谓需要倒装，如果句子的主语是代词，则主谓不倒装。 (1)(应用文写作之建议信)以下是关于如何平衡兼职工作和学习的一些建议。 ___________________________ how to keep a balance between a part-time job and study. (2)(应用文写作之校园介绍)我们学校的中心矗立着我们的图书馆，它在花园和教学楼之间。 In the centre of our school ______________，which is between the garden and the teaching building. Here are some suggestions on lies our library (3)(读后续写之人物动作描写)正站在教室外的是一位男孩，低着头默默地哭着。 ____________________________________，lowering his head and crying silently. Standing outside the classroom is a boy ___________ _______________ _____________ _____________ ______________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ 课文重点词块默写 1.是……的家园 2.各种各样的 3.从……判断 4.大量的，一片 5.充满；到处是 6.在……中起重要作用 7.维持地球生态系统的良好平衡 be home to a wide range of judging from a huge sea of (be) alive with play a significant role in maintain the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem 8.穿过，横穿 9.面积为…… 10.超过 11.接近 12.在长度上 13.十分之一 14.为……所熟知 15.足够做…… __________ ______________ __________ __________ _________ __________ ____________ _______________ cross into with an area of more than be close to in length one in ten be known to be enough to do 16.躺在……上 17.由……组成 18.高耸古老的阔叶树 19.生物 20.大量的 21.以……为食 22.相应地 23.分解；分裂 ___________ ______________ _____________________________ ____________ _____________________ _______ _______ ___________ lie down on be made up of the towering ancient hardwoods living things a significant number of feed on in turn break down 24.注入活力 25.作为……而著名 26.被用于 27.由于人类的活动 28.濒临灭绝的物种名单 29.承担破坏“地球之肺” 的代价 _______________ ____________ ___________ _____________________ ____________________________________ ______________________________________ 返 回 breathe life into be known as be used for due to human activities the list of species in danger of extinction afford to damage the “lungs of the planet” $$