Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage(课件PPT+Word教案)-【步步高】2024-2025学年高一英语必修第二册教师用书（译林版2020）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage 认真阅读以下句子，感知加黑部分并归纳填空。 1．The finishing touches are now being put to a new swimming pool and our workout rooms have been updated with modern equipment. 2．Weight training classes，for example，are being designed and will be added to our programme soon. 3．Our facilities have been enlarged and redone，and our centre is now bigger and better than ever before. 4．In response to public interest，our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options，including modern dance. 5．Well，the date of the sports meeting has been decided：14th May. 6．The plan is not being discussed at the meeting now. 7．The ink has not been removed from the clothes. [自主发现] 1．以上例句中加黑部分均使用了被动语态，时态分别为现在进行时和现在完成时。 2．句1、2、6含有现在进行时的被动语态，其结构是am/is/are being done。 3．句1、3、4、5、7含有现在完成时的被动语态，其结构是have/has been done。 4．句6含有现在进行时的被动语态的否定形式，其结构为am/is/are not being done。 5．句7含有现在完成时的被动语态的否定形式，其结构为have/has not been done。 现在进行时的被动语态 一、现在进行时的被动语态的用法 1．表示说话时正在进行的被动动作，句中常用now，at the moment等时间状语。 My younger sister is now being interviewed. 我妹妹现在正在接受采访。 2．表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时不一定在进行)。 These animals are being hunted at such a speed that they will disappear soon. 这些动物正在以这样的速度被猎杀，它们很快就会消失。 3．表示一种习惯的被动行为，常与always，constantly，often等词连用，表示赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等感情色彩。 I feel very surprised that the window of our classroom is often being broken.我感到非常吃惊的是我们教室的那扇窗户经常被打破。 4．与某些情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的被动动作的推测。 Jim may be being interviewed by the reporters at the very moment. 吉姆此刻可能正在接受记者的采访。 5．有些“介词＋名词”结构可以表示现在进行时的被动意义。如on show，in use，under protection，under repair，under discussion，under consideration等。 The telephone is in use now.＝The telephone is being used now. 现在电话正在使用中。 The problem is under discussion at the meeting now.＝The problem is being discussed at the meeting now. 这个问题正在会议上被讨论。 二、现在进行时的被动语态注意事项 1．不可遗漏being。 在现在进行时的被动语态中be(am/is/are)为第一助动词，being为第二助动词，缺一不可，且位置不可互换。如果我们把being漏掉，就会成为一般现在时的被动语态或系表结构。 Look！The children are being taken care of by their aunt. 瞧！那些孩子正由他们的姑妈照看着。 Children are taken good care of at school. 孩子们在学校被照顾得很好。(一般现在时的被动语态) The report is being written by one of the best students. 报告正由最优秀的学生之一写着呢。 The report is well written. 这份报告写得很好。(系表结构) 2．现在进行时的被动语态也可以表示将来。 现在进行时的被动语态有时可表示按计划或安排将要进行的一个被动动作(此种用法仅限于少数及物动词，如hold，take等)。 A party is being held tonight. 今晚将要举行一场晚会。 3．一些表示状态、心理活动、拥有、存在等的动词，如have，want，need，like，realize等，一般没有进行时的被动语态，而常用一般现在时的被动语态表示此时此刻或目前主语正在承受谓语动词表示的动作。 Mary，come here.You are wanted on the phone.玛丽，过来，有你的电话。 4．take care of，look after，talk about，think of等“动词＋介词”构成的短语用于现在进行时的被动语态时，其中的介词不可省略。 The ways to stop illegal hunting are being talked about.阻止非法捕猎的方法正在讨论中。 现在完成时的被动语态 一、现在完成时的被动语态的用法 1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的被动动作对现在的影响或结果，通常与already，yet，just，never，recently等副词连用。 The machine has already been repaired. 机器已经被修好了。 2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...？”句式中。 Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours. 公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。 How long has this film been shown? 这部电影已经放映多长时间了？ 3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的被动动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 You shouldn’t leave school before your homework has been finished. 在你的作业完成之前你不应该离开学校。 [点津]　常与现在完成时连用的时间状语： already已经；yet已经，尚，还；recently/lately最近；since then从那时起；ever since自那以来；ever曾经；so far迄今为止；for a long time很长一段时间；by now到现在为止；in recent years在最近几年里；in/during/over the past/last years在过去的几年里 二、现在完成时的被动语态注意事项 1．与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。 The park was restored last year. 这座公园去年被修复了。(仅说明动作发生于过去) The park has been restored. 这座公园已被修复了。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经被修复了) 2．非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时间状语。 The work was finished two weeks ago. 这项工作于两周前被完成。 The work has been finished. 这项工作已经被完成。 3．短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。 It is said that the problem has been looked into.据说这个问题已经被调查过了。 4．不及物动词或词组无被动语态 Great changes have taken place since 1978. 自1978年以来发生了很大的变化。 5．带有双宾语的动词，如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。 We have given him a lot of cash. →He has been given a lot of cash. →A lot of cash has been given to him. 我们给了他很多现金。 6．带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾语补足语改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。 I have told them to take their identity cards. →They have been told to take their identity cards. 我已经告诉他们要带上身份证。 The boss has made us work hard in order to finish the project on time. →We have been made to work hard by the boss in order to finish the project on time. 老板让我们努力工作，以便按时完成这个项目。 Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．The boy is so curious that he wants to know what is being discussed(discuss) now in the secret room. 2．More than 100 famous films have been shown(show) in the city since July. 3．My watch doesn’t work.It is being repaired(repair) in the factory now. 4．It is the first time that the old computer has been checked(check) since I bought it. 5．Wait for a minute.The dishes for dinner are being cooked(cook) in the kitchen. 6．This dictionary is being used(use) at the moment，so I can’t lend it to you now. 7．Paper money has been used(use) for over one thousand years. 8．As you can see，many trees are being cut(cut) down by humans now. 9．Many new things have been invented(invent) in the last ten years. 10．To our relief，up to now the injured in the crash have been carried(carry) to the nearby hospital. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．He is always being praised by his teacher. 他总是受到老师的表扬。 2．The old man has been looked after/taken care of for twenty years in the nursing home. 这位老人已经在养老院被照顾了二十年了。 3．My washing machine is being repaired this week，so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 我的洗衣机这周正在被修理，所以我不得不手洗衣服。 4．How many suggestions have been given to you so far? 到目前为止，给你多少建议了？ 训练3　Grammar and usage [分值：74.5分] Ⅰ.同义句转换(每小题3分，满分15分) 1．At the moment people are carrying out further research into the virus. →At the moment further research into the virus is being carried out. 2．Don’t worry! We are taking measures at present to stop such a thing from happening again. →Don’t worry！Measures are being taken at present to stop such a thing from happening again. 3．Frank has to go to work by taxi currently because his car is under repair at the garage. →Frank has to go to work by taxi currently because his car is being repaired at the garage. 4．Our English teacher has already praised us for our devotion to reading. →We have already been praised by our English teacher for our devotion to reading. 5．We have asked some friends of hers to join us. →Some friends of hers have been asked to join us. Ⅱ.阅读下面短文，根据括号内的汉语提示补全语篇(每小题3分，满分12分) As is known to all，waste 1.has become a more and more serious problem(已经成为一个越来越严重的问题)．We can easily see many people do not turn off the lights after using them; many disposable(一次性的) products 2.are being used(正在被使用) in our daily life; some good food 3.has been seen everywhere(已经到处可见) in the garbage can.In the office，some equipment is often on for a long time but nobody is using it.What’s worse，a great deal of paper 4.has been wasted(已经被浪费了)． In my opinion，we should call on more and more people to fight against waste. Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分) A (2024·江苏扬州高一期末) The brain might be the place where memories are stored，and its health and efficiency depend a lot on the general health of the body.Put simply，what’s good for the body is good for the brain. Regular physical exercise doesn’t just build muscles and keep weight in check.It also protects memory and thinking skills.Research at the University of British Columbia found that regular aerobic exercise，the kind that increases your heart rate，also increases the size of the brain’s hippocampus(海马体)．And a University of Maryland study found that memory improved in older adults after a 12-week exercise program. If you’re not into running or even fast walking，how about dancing? It turns out that taking a dance class may be one of the best activities you can do for your brain.A research team at the Albert Einstein School of Medicine looked at the effects of physical activity on preventing memory loss，and found that ballroom dancing was particularly effective，leading to enhancements in memory，attention and focus. “Dancing combines physical activity，learning something new，and social engagement，” says Dr.Salinas，a neurologist at NYU Langone Health.“The more of these factors an activity has，the better off you will be.” Sleep is also important for memory formation，especially long-term memory formation.When you’re asleep，the brain runs the tape of what it recorded during the day，gets rid of information that isn’t relevant and then stores other information for the long term. Besides，doing those mentally engaging activities，such as playing crossword puzzles，can also help keep our minds active.Learning a new language is often regarded as an ideal activity for brain health.“Doing something new and challenging contributes to forming new pathways in the brain，helping information go from one part of the brain to another，” says Dr.Salinas. While genetics(基因学) and family history play some roles in the risk of memory problems，so do plenty of other factors.Addressing any of these may make your memory sharper. 1．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (①—paragraph 1; ②—paragraph 2; ③—paragraph 3; ④—paragraph 4; ⑤—paragraph 5; ⑥—paragraph 6; ⑦—paragraph 7) 答案　C 解析　篇章结构题。根据全文内容，第一段中“Put simply，what’s good for the body is good for the brain.”提出文章主题，第二、三和四段都是描述体育锻炼对大脑的好处，第五段讲睡眠对记忆形成的影响，第六段是讲述做一些脑力活动对大脑的好处，最后一段总结全文，故本文正确的结构是C项。故选C。 2．What does the underlined word “enhancements” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Improvements. B．Effects. C．Troubles. D．Skills. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词前“A research team...looked at the effects of...，and found that ballroom dancing was particularly effective”可知，交际舞对于预防记忆丧失有效，由此推知此处指“可以增强记忆力、注意力和专注力”，故enhancement意为“增强，提高”，故选A。 3．Why does the author mention Dr.Salinas’ words in paragraph 4? A．To explain why dancing is one of the best activities for brain. B．To show which activity is likely to bring us the most benefits. C．To suggest that we should dance instead of doing other exercise. D．To conclude that the more activities we do，the healthier we will be. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。第三段提到跳舞对大脑有好处，结合第四段中Salinas的话可知，作者提及Salinas说的话是为了解释跳舞对大脑有好处的原因，故选A。 4．Why is learning a new language regarded as an ideal activity for brain health? A．Because it helps store information. B．Because it is not very challenging. C．Because it makes use of pathways. D．Because it keeps our minds active. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Besides，doing those mentally engaging activities，such as playing crossword puzzles，can also help keep our minds active.Learning a new language is often regarded as an ideal activity for brain health.”可知，学习一门新语言被认为是有益于大脑健康的理想活动，是因为它让我们的思维保持活跃，故选D。 B (2024·湖南郴州高一期末) Parents once shouted，“Don’t get dirty！”，as they angrily watched their children spoil their best clothes，their whites turning into brown before the day was over. Today，many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt.With the rise of urbanism(城市化)，and exciting video games and social media，contact with nature is much rarer than in the past.For many，there is simply no chance to get muddy(沾满泥的)．According to recent research，the dirt outside is teaming with friendly microorganisms that can train the immune system and build resistance(抵抗力) to many illnesses，including allergies，asthma and even depression and anxiety. These findings show that outdoor exercise is not only beneficial because of the chance to wander free—but that certain natural materials，such as soil and mud，also contain surprisingly powerful microorganisms whose positive impact on children’s health we are only beginning to fully understand.Outdoor play can also offer valuable learning experiences.For example，the act of playing mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement interact. Such activities—away from the house or classroom—may also help children to find ways to deal with emotions that may be hard to explore in other environments.So-called “sand tray therapy”，which involves using sand and small statues to express one’s thoughts and feelings，is an accepted form of guidance for children who are struggling to express their emotional state. Clearly，people who spent most their childhood in the countryside tend to show a better response to stressful events like public speaking compared with those who had grown up in cities.“The people who grew up in cities are kind of ‘walking time bombs’ when facing the stress we meet today.However，people since childhood who spent lots of time in nature are generally more positive.” says Christopher Lowry，a professor of integrative physiology. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究表明，户外运动有许多好处，与在城市长大的人相比，童年大部分时间在农村度过的人往往对公众演讲等压力大的事件表现出更好的反应。 5．How does the author introduce the topic? A．By providing a research. B．By giving a definition. C．By making a comparison. D．By answering a question. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段“Parents once shouted，‘Don’t get dirty！’...”以及第二段中“Today，many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt.”并结合下文介绍在户外的好处和“沙盘疗法”可推知，作者通过比较引入主题。故选C。 6．Which of the following is NOT the benefit of outdoor exercise? A．Improving the immune system. B．Handling emotions in proper ways. C．Gaining valuable learning experiences. D．Teaming with friendly microorganisms. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“...the dirt outside is teaming with friendly microorganisms that can train the immune system and build resistance(抵抗力) to...”和第三段中“Outdoor play can also offer valuable learning experiences.”以及第四段中“Such activities...may also help children to find ways to deal with emotions that may be hard to explore in other environments.”可知，户外运动可以帮助孩子提高免疫力，更好地处理情绪问题以及获得宝贵的学习经历，而D项“与友好微生物合作”不是户外运动的好处。故选D。 7．Why are some people “walking time bombs”？ A．Because they are harmful to the public. B．Because they are good at public speaking. C．Because they are more easily hurt by stress. D．Because they always stay positive and energetic. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The people who grew up in cities are kind of ‘walking time bombs’ when facing the stress we meet today.”可知，有些人是“行走的定时炸弹”是因为他们更容易受到压力的伤害。故选C。 8．What message does the passage mainly convey? A．Getting dirty？—Muddy puddles are actually good. B．Outdoor activities are far more popular than before. C．Children will have no stress if they live in the countryside. D．Illnesses can be avoided if children are confident and positive. 答案　A 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第二段中“...the dirt outside is teaming with friendly microorganisms that can train the immune system and build resistance(抵抗力) to...”可知，文章主要说明了户外运动其实有很多好处。结合选项可知，A选项“变脏了？——泥泞的水坑其实很好”最符合文章主旨。故选A。 Ⅳ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 3 Ways to Create an Exercise Habit A lot of people want to know how to get motivated to work out and build an exercise habit that sticks.Of course，wanting to make exercise a habit and actually doing it are two different things.Changing your behavior is difficult. 1 But there are some strategies that can make it easier to stick with an exercise habit. Develop a routine to make starting easier. 2 That means they are also behaviors that you start over and over again.If you can develop a routine that makes starting your workout mindless and automatic，then it will be much easier to follow through.You can start building your own routine by adding your exercise habit on top of a current habit or by setting a schedule for yourself. 　3　 The best way to make exercise a habit is to start with an exercise that is so easy that you can do it even when you can’t get motivated to work out.Struggling to find motivation to go for a run？ 4 That’s all you have to do to consider today’s workout a success.Often，this little start will be enough to get your motivation flowing and help you finish the task. Focus on the habit first and the results later. 5 Most people start with some type of goal.“I want to lose 20 pounds in the next 4 months.” Or，“I want to squat(蹲举) 50 pounds more six months from now.”This is the wrong approach.What matters most in the beginning is establishing a new normal that you will stick to，not the results that you get. A．Living a new type of lifestyle is hard. B．Start with an exercise that is very small. C．Never work out while you are running low on willpower. D．Habits are behaviors that you repeat over and over again. E．Just fill up your water bottle and put on your running shoes. F．If you don’t consistently get started，then you won’t have a habit. G．The typical approach to diet and exercise is to focus on results first. 1．答案　A 解析　根据上文“Changing your behavior is difficult.”与下文“But there are some strategies that can make it easier to stick with an exercise habit.”可知，空处与上一句并列且与下一句构成转折关系，A项“过一种新型的生活方式是困难的”中hard与前文中的difficult为同义词复现，与下文easier构成反义同现，故选A。 2．答案　D 解析　根据下文“That means they are also behaviors that you start over and over again.”可知，they应该在设空处所填内容中找到相对应的指代内容，D项中的Habits符合所指，且其中的behaviors、over and over again和下文中的behaviors、over and over again构成词汇复现，句意上构成递进，故选D。 3．答案　B 解析　空处应为本段小标题，空后第一句“The best way to make exercise a habit is to start with an exercise that is so easy that you can do it even when you can’t get motivated to work out.”与B项“从非常小的练习开始”之间为具体与概括的关系，故B项符合语境，故选B。 4．答案　E 解析　上文“Struggling to find motivation to go for a run？”为问句，设空处所填内容应该能回答该问题，E项“只需装满水瓶，穿上跑鞋”可以回答设空处上一句的内容，故选E。 5．答案　G 解析　下文“Most people start with some type of goal.”提到了目标，下文中lose 20 pounds、squat(蹲举) 50 pounds more是G项中“focus on results first”的具体表现，结合小标题及下文“This is the wrong approach.”可知，G项“典型的饮食和运动方法是首先关注结果”与上下文一致，故选G。 Ⅴ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分) Animals can become endangered for a number of 1. (reason)，but many experts believe that loss of habitat is the main cause.Some animals are put in danger when people take over their habitats.This often 2. (occur) because people want one or more of the resources(资源) in those areas.Some forests，for example，provide wood 3. is used for things like paper and furniture，etc.Many trees 4. (cut) down every day for such purposes but not enough are being planted.It has seriously reduced the population of many species. In some cases，loss of habitat results 5. forest fires or flooding of land.Environmentalists and zoologists are 6. (frequent) trying to do what they can to prevent the number of populations from 7. (drop) too seriously. Sometimes，people influence nature，indirectly causing the animals 8. (lose) their habitats.Experts believe the problem is becoming much 9. (bad) because of the emission(排放) of greenhouse gases.They don’t know 10. much influence people have，however.The greenhouse effect can also influence weather patterns that affect animals. 1．答案　reasons 解析　考查名词的数。reason“理由”为可数名词，根据空前的a number of可知，应用复数形式，故填reasons。 2．答案　occurs 解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句表示对客观事实的分析，应用一般现在时，且主语This为单数意义，故填occurs。 3．答案　that/which 解析　考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词wood且在从句中作主语，指物，故填that/which。 4．答案　are being cut 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语trees为名词复数形式并与cut之间是被动关系，且由but后内容可知，此处表示现阶段正在进行的动作，故填are being cut。 5．答案　from 解析　考查介词。分析句意并结合常识可知，栖息地的丧失经常是由于森林火灾或陆地洪灾，故用result from表示“由……引起”。 6．答案　frequently 解析　考查副词。设空处作状语修饰谓语，故填副词frequently。 7．答案　dropping 解析　考查非谓语动词。prevent sb from doing sth意为“阻止某人做某事”。 8．答案　to lose 解析　考查非谓语动词。cause sb/sth to do sth意为“造成某人/某物做某事”。 9．答案　worse 解析　考查形容词比较级。根据句意“专家认为因为温室气体的排放，这个问题变得更糟糕”并结合空前的much可知，要用比较级，故填worse。 10．答案　how 解析　考查宾语从句。设空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中修饰much，故填how。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage Be sporty，be healthy Unit 2 认真阅读以下句子，感知加颜色部分并归纳填空。 1.The finishing touches are now being put to a new swimming pool and our workout rooms have been updated with modern equipment. 2.Weight training classes，for example，are being designed and will be added to our programme soon. 3.Our facilities have been enlarged and redone，and our centre is now bigger and better than ever before. 4.In response to public interest，our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options，including modern dance. 语境感悟 5.Well，the date of the sports meeting has been decided：14th May. 6.The plan is not being discussed at the meeting now. 7.The ink has not been removed from the clothes. [自主发现] 1.以上例句中加颜色部分均使用了_____语态，时态分别为____________ 和___________。 2.句_______含有现在进行时的被动语态，其结构是__________________。 3.句______________含有现在完成时的被动语态，其结构是___________ __________。 4.句6含有现在进行时的被动语态的_____形式，其结构为_____________ __________。 5.句7含有现在完成时的被动语态的_____形式，其结构为_____________ _________。 被动 现在进行时 现在完成时 1、2、6 am/is/are being done 1、3、4、5、7 have/has been done 否定 am/is/are not being done 否定 have/has not been done 语法精讲 现在进行时的被动语态 一、现在进行时的被动语态的用法 1.表示说话时正在进行的被动动作，句中常用now，at the moment等时间状语。 My younger sister is now being interviewed. 我妹妹现在正在接受采访。 2.表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时不一定在进行)。 These animals are being hunted at such a speed that they will disappear soon. 这些动物正在以这样的速度被猎杀，它们很快就会消失。 3.表示一种习惯的被动行为，常与always，constantly，often等词连用，表示赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等感情色彩。 I feel very surprised that the window of our classroom is often being broken. 我感到非常吃惊的是我们教室的那扇窗户经常被打破。 4.与某些情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的被动动作的推测。 Jim may be being interviewed by the reporters at the very moment. 吉姆此刻可能正在接受记者的采访。 5.有些“介词＋名词”结构可以表示现在进行时的被动意义。如on show，in use，under protection，under repair，under discussion，under consideration等。 The telephone is in use now.＝The telephone is being used now. 现在电话正在使用中。 The problem is under discussion at the meeting now.＝The problem is being discussed at the meeting now. 这个问题正在会议上被讨论。 二、现在进行时的被动语态注意事项 1.不可遗漏being。 在现在进行时的被动语态中be(am/is/are)为第一助动词，being为第二助动词，缺一不可，且位置不可互换。如果我们把being漏掉，就会成为一般现在时的被动语态或系表结构。 Look！The children are being taken care of by their aunt. 瞧！那些孩子正由他们的姑妈照看着。 Children are taken good care of at school. 孩子们在学校被照顾得很好。(一般现在时的被动语态) The report is being written by one of the best students. 报告正由最优秀的学生之一写着呢。 The report is well written. 这份报告写得很好。(系表结构) 2.现在进行时的被动语态也可以表示将来。 现在进行时的被动语态有时可表示按计划或安排将要进行的一个被动动作(此种用法仅限于少数及物动词，如hold，take等)。 A party is being held tonight. 今晚将要举行一场晚会。 3.一些表示状态、心理活动、拥有、存在等的动词，如have，want，need，like，realize等，一般没有进行时的被动语态，而常用一般现在时的被动语态表示此时此刻或目前主语正在承受谓语动词表示的动作。 Mary，come here.You are wanted on the phone. 玛丽，过来，有你的电话。 4.take care of，look after，talk about，think of等“动词＋介词”构成的短语用于现在进行时的被动语态时，其中的介词不可省略。 The ways to stop illegal hunting are being talked about. 阻止非法捕猎的方法正在讨论中。 现在完成时的被动语态 一、现在完成时的被动语态的用法 1.现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的被动动作对现在的影响或结果，通常与already，yet，just，never，recently等副词连用。 The machine has already been repaired. 机器已经被修好了。 2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...？”句式中。 Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours. 公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。 How long has this film been shown? 这部电影已经放映多长时间了？ 3.用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的被动动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 You shouldn’t leave school before your homework has been finished. 在你的作业完成之前你不应该离开学校。 [点津]　常与现在完成时连用的时间状语： already已经；yet已经，尚，还；recently/lately最近；since then从那时起；ever since自那以来；ever曾经；so far迄今为止；for a long time很长一段时间；by now到现在为止；in recent years在最近几年里；in/during/over the past/last years在过去的几年里 二、现在完成时的被动语态注意事项 1.与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。 The park was restored last year. 这座公园去年被修复了。(仅说明动作发生于过去) The park has been restored. 这座公园已被修复了。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经被修复了) 2.非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时间状语。 The work was finished two weeks ago. 这项工作于两周前被完成。 The work has been finished.这项工作已经被完成。 3.短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。 It is said that the problem has been looked into. 据说这个问题已经被调查过了。 4.不及物动词或词组无被动语态 Great changes have taken place since 1978. 自1978年以来发生了很大的变化。 5.带有双宾语的动词，如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。 We have given him a lot of cash. →He has been given a lot of cash. →A lot of cash has been given to him. 我们给了他很多现金。 6.带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾语补足语改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。 I have told them to take their identity cards. →They have been told to take their identity cards. 我已经告诉他们要带上身份证。 The boss has made us work hard in order to finish the project on time. →We have been made to work hard by the boss in order to finish the project on time. 老板让我们努力工作，以便按时完成这个项目。 Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.The boy is so curious that he wants to know what ___________________ (discuss) now in the secret room. 2.More than 100 famous films _________________(show) in the city since July. 3.My watch doesn’t work.It ________________(repair) in the factory now. 4.It is the first time that the old computer __________________(check) since I bought it. 达标检测 is being discussed have been shown is being repaired has been checked 5.Wait for a minute.The dishes for dinner ________________(cook) in the kitchen. 6.This dictionary ______________(use) at the moment，so I can’t lend it to you now. 7.Paper money _____________(use) for over one thousand years. 8.As you can see，many trees _____________(cut) down by humans now. 9.Many new things __________________(invent) in the last ten years. 10.To our relief，up to now the injured in the crash __________________ (carry) to the nearby hospital. are being cooked is being used has been used are being cut have been invented have been carried Ⅱ.完成句子 1.He _____________________ by his teacher. 他总是受到老师的表扬。 2.The old man ________________________________ for twenty years in the nursing home. 这位老人已经在养老院被照顾了二十年了。 3.My washing machine _________________ this week，so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 我的洗衣机这周正在被修理，所以我不得不手洗衣服。 is always being praised has been looked after/taken care of is being repaired 4.How many suggestions _______________ to you so far? 到目前为止，给你多少建议了？ have been given $$