Unit 3 Environmental Protection Learning About Language（课件）-【上好课】高二英语同步高效课堂（人教版选择性必修第三册）

Learning About Language Direct Speech & Indirect Speech 人教版2019选择性必修第三册 Unit 3 Environmental Protection . Contents Build up your vocabulary Language Points Discover Useful Structures Summary Self-evaluation Homework ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ . ✎ Learning objectives ✎ At the end of this lesson, students are able to: to learn about the differences between direct speech and indirect speech; to understand the function of direct speech and indirect speech; to learn how to change a sentence from direct speech to indirect speech. Build up your vocabulary ✎ Build up your vocabulary ✎ Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in the box. broadcast comprehensive ecology starve seize The Amazon basin, known as the “lungs of the world”, not only provides some __________ balance for the planet, but also food and resources for the local natives. Thousands of baby penguins _____________ to death because the changing climate forced their parents to leave them and travel long distances in search of food. Many experts link China’s economic success to the _____________ reform that China has undergone since 1978. ecological starved comprehensive ✎ Build up your vocabulary ✎ Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in the box. broadcast comprehensive ecology starve seize The speaker said the media should make more __________ that spread awareness of the climate crisis and possible solutions. To deal with climate change, we must _________ the initiative to do whatever is necessary to protect our environment. seize broadcasts ✎ Build up your vocabulary ✎ Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box. fuel: a substance such as coal, oil, or petrol that is burned to provide heat or power policy: a set of ideas or plans that is used as a basis for making decisions, especially in politics, economics, or business release: to let a substance flow out restrict: to limit or control the size, amount, or range of something sustain: to cause or allow something to continue for a period of time trend: a general tendency in the way a situation is changing or developing fuel policy release restrict sustain trend ✎ Build up your vocabulary ✎ fuel policy release restrict sustain trend Carbon dioxide is __________ through human activities such as destroying forests and burning fossil ______, as well as natural processes such as volcanic eruptions. The measurements by climate experts show a rising __________ of carbon dioxide emissions. If this continues, our planet will face further environmental disasters. In response to this environmental issue, China is implementing significant _________ and measures to address climate change, aiming to _______________ coal consumption, promote a harmonious relationship between man and nature, build a __________ energy system, and advocate a moderate, green, and low-carbon lifestyle. released fuels trend policies restrict sustainable ✎ Build up your vocabulary ✎ The following words and phrases can all mean “to make something happen”. Look them up in the dictionary and discuss their differences. Then create sentences of your own using each of them. Example According to the report submitted by researchers, between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests. A breakdown in the computer system was responsible for yesterday’s chaos in the subway station. cause be responsible for bring about lead to result in ✎ Build up your vocabulary ✎ 1. cause: to make something happen, especially something bad e.g. Heavy traffic is causing delays on the freeway. 2. be responsible for: to be the person who caused something to happen, especially something bad e.g. Who is responsible for this terrible mess? 3. bring about: to cause it to happen e.g. The only way they can bring about political change is by putting pressure on the country. 4. lead to: to result in (something) e.g. There is no doubt that stress can lead to physical illness. 5. result in: to cause (something) to happen e.g. The disease resulted in his death. ✎ Build up your vocabulary ✎ The following words and phrases can all mean “to make something happen”. Look them up in the dictionary and discuss their differences. Then create sentences of your own using each of them. Most scientists believe climate change is caused by burning fossil fuels. Every person should be responsible for their own waste when they are out and about. It may seem hard to bring about real change, but we must not give up hope. Smoking can lead to serious diseases such as cancer. Charging customers for plastic bags has resulted in a 70% drop in their usage. cause be responsible for bring about lead to result in Sample Answer Language Points 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词或短语。 plot a ______(曲线图) of height against age the consequences of high greenhouse gas _________ (排放) ________ (融化的) ice and rising sea levels appear to have________ (挨饿) and died hunt ______ (海豹) have an impact on earth’s _______ (生态) graph emissions melting starved ecology seals ✎ Language Points ✎ 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词或短语。 ✎ Language Points ✎ _______ (释放) the heat back into space such as ________ (甲烷) and _____________ (二氧化碳) keep earth’s climate warm and_________ (适合居住的) ______ (维持) life burn __________ (化石燃料) strong and _____________ (详尽的) evidence natural disasters _________(世界范围) this warming ______ (趋势) release methane sustain comprehensive worldwide habitable trend fossil fuels carbon dioxide 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词或短语。 ✎ Language Points ✎ frequently ________ (播放) news reports consider making _________ (政策) reduce our carbon _________ (空间量；面积) ______ (限制) the amount of carbon dioxide _____ (抓住) every opportunity the Amazon ______ (流域；盆地) thousands of baby ________ (企鹅) undergo the comprehensive _______ (改革) policies footprint seize basin broadcast restrict penguins reform 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词或短语。 ✎ Language Points ✎ _________ (贯彻；执行) significant policies and measures promote a ___________ (和谐的) relationship between man and nature advocate a _________ (适度的) , green, and low-carbon lifestyle _______ (呈交) a report ______ (每年的) carbon dioxide emissions the destruction of ________ (热带的) forests be responsible for ______ (混乱) in the subway station harmonious moderate annual implement submit tropical chaos 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词或短语。 ✎ Language Points ✎ __________ (代表) our school promote a ___________ (和谐的) relationship between man and nature ____________ (核能) a ________ (敏感的) subject the Amazon ______ (丛林) harmonious nuclear power jungle on behalf of sensitive Discover Useful Structures Questions: What did Hermine say in the video? And Why? Questions: What did Hermine say in the video? Ronald would like me to tell you that Seamus told him that Dean was told by Parvati that Hagrid’s looking for you. Hagrid: “I’m looking for Harry.” Direct Speech Indirect Speech ✎ Discover Useful Structures ✎ What is the difference? Hagrid: “I’m looking for Harry.” Ronald would like me to tell you that Seamus told him that Dean was told by Parvati that Hagrid’s looking for you. Comma and Quotation mark , “ ” Personal Pronoun I → She Tense am → was Direct Speech Indirect Speech 直接引述别人的话 用自己的话转述他人的话 ✎ Discover Useful Structures ✎ Direct speech Indirect speech He said to me, “I want to be left alone these days.” He told me that he wanted to be left alone those days. Mary asked me, “Have you eaten lunch?” Mary asked me if/whether I had eaten lunch. Jack asked Tim, “Where is your father from.” Jack asked Tim where his father was from. Teacher said to him, “Don’t talk to your deskmate.” Teacher told him not to talk to his deskmate. 1.间接引语没有 （符号） 2.直接引语变间接引语 、 、 、 等会发生变化。 引号 时态 人称 句式 状语 ✎ Read and discover ✎ 1. “I don’t know that,” he said. →He said that he didn’t know that. 2. “I think this is your watch,” Li Hua said. →Li Hua said that he thought that was my watch. 3. “I have lived here for two years,” she said. →She said that she had lived there for two years. 4. “I will finish the paper today,” she said. →She said that she would finish tha paper that day. 时态的变化 代词的变化 地点状语的变化 时间状语的变化 ✎ Observe and analyze ✎ 5. “He will come as soon as possible,” she said. →She said that he would go as soon as possible. 6. The teacher asked, “ Where have you been?” →The teacher asked me where I had been. 方向性动词的变化 语序的变化 ✎ Observe and analyze ✎ 直接引语 间接引语 时态的变化 人称的变化 1 2 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化 3 句型的变化 4 ✎ Observe and analyze ✎ 一. 人称变化 1.“I don’t know that,” he said. He said that he didn’t know that. 2.She said to me, “You can go with me.” She told me that I could go with her. 3.She said to me, “He will go home.” She told me that he would go home. 人称变化规律总结 一随主 二随宾 三不变 ✎ Observe and analyze ✎ 一随主：直接引语中第一人称变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。 二随宾：直接引语中第二人称变为和间接宾语（即听话人）相一致的人称。 第三人称不更新：直接引语中第三人称变为间接宾语时, 人称不变。 ✎ Observe and analyze ✎ 一随主 He says, “I like math very much. ” → He says that he likes math very much. 二随宾 He said to Lily, “You must get up early. ” → He said to Lily that she must get up early. 三不变 She said to me, “They want to help him. ” → She said to me that they wanted to help him. ✎ Observe and Discover ✎ 句型转换 “I will come and see you again this evening, Tom.” she said. → She told Tom that 　　　　 would go and see 　　　　 again that evening. He said to me, “You are wrong.” → He told me that 　　　　 was wrong. “Are you a soldier?” he asked. → He asked if/whether 　　　　 was a soldier. He asked, “Where are you going to get off, John?” → He asked John where 　　　　 was going to get off. she I him I he ✎ Observe and Discover ✎ 句型转换 “I will come and see you again this evening, Tom.” she said. → She told Tom that 　　　　 would go and see 　　　　 again that evening. He said to me, “You are wrong.” → He told me that 　　　　 was wrong. “Are you a soldier?” he asked. → He asked if/whether 　　　　 was a soldier. He asked, “Where are you going to get off, John?” → He asked John where 　　　　 was going to get off. she I him I he ✎ Observe and Discover ✎ 二、时态的变化 直接引语变成间接引语时, 如果主句是过去的某种时态, 则大多数情况下间接引语的时态应相应向前推一个时态。 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时    一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时   现在完成时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去进行时（不变） 一般过去时 过去完成时 “I don’t know that,” he said. He said that he didn’t know that. ✎ Observe and Discover ✎ ✎ Observe and Discover ✎ 句型转换 The teacher said, “You are doing OK.” → The teacher said that 　　　　 　　　　 doing OK. He said, “I have written a novel.” →He said that 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 a novel. He said, “She will come here to have a long holiday.” → He said that 　　　　 　　　　 go there to have a long holiday. The teacher said, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” → The teacher said that where there 　　 a will, there 　　　 a way. Jane said, “Mary, where were you going when I met you on the bus?” →Jane asked Mary where 　　　　 　　 when she met her on the bus. we were he had written she would is she was going is ✎ Observe and Discover ✎ 直接引语 变成 间接引语时，以下情况，时态不变： 1.主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句时态不变； He says, “I didn’t broke the window.” He says that he didn’t broke the window. 2.直接引语描述：客观事实、真理名言、习惯性动作，从句时态不变； “The earth moves around the sun,” the teacher told us. The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. 3.如果直接引语中由具体的过去某年/月/日作状语，从句时态不变。 The old man said, “I was born on April 20, 1949.” The old man said (that) he was born on April 20, 1949. ✎ Observe and Discover ✎ 4.直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作, 变间接引语，时态不变。如： Wen Hui said, “I get up at six every morning.”  5.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式，时态不再变(could, should, would, might) The doctor said to me, “You should stay in bed for 2 days.” → The doctor told me that I should stay in bed for 2 days.” 或已经是过去时的形式时，时态不再变。(ought to; had better used to) Dang Ran said to me. “You had better come here today.”  →She said (that) she gets up at six every morning. 变化项目 直接引语 间接引语 指示代词 this these 时间状语 now today this morning/ week that those then that day that morning/ week 三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。 ✎ Observe and Discover ✎ yesterday ten days ago tomorrow next week last week the day before yesterday the day after tomorrow 地点状语 here 方向性动词 come bring the day before ten days before the next day/ the following day there go take two days before in two days’ time the next week/ the following week the week before “I will come and help you tomorrow, John,” she said. → She told John that she would 　 and help him ________________. 　　　　 　　　　 　　　 “I’ll come and see you again this evening, Tim,” he said. → He told Tim that he would go and see him again 　　　　 　　　. Mr Harry asked, “John, have you passed the exam yesterday?” → Mr Harry asked John whether he had passed the exam ___________. The old man said, “I like to talk with these young men.” → The old man said that he liked to talk with 　　　　 young men. She said to me, “I lived here five years ago.” → She told me she had lived 　　　　 five years 　　　　. the next day that evening the day before those there go before ✎ Observe and Discover ✎ 四、连接词和语序变化 连接词 语序 陈述句 that或省略 不变 一般疑问句 引述动词后加上if或whether 陈述语序 特殊疑问句 连接词不变 陈述语序 祈使句 无连接词 不变 ✎ Observe and Discover ✎ 句型转换 He said, “I’ve left my book in your room.” →He told me 　　　　 he 　　　　 　　　　 his book in my room. She said, “Do you like watching the advertisements on TV?” →She asked me 　　　　 I 　　　　 watching the advertisements on TV. “Where did you find the ads for jobs abroad?” Bill asked. → Bill asked 　　　　 　　　　 　　　 the ads for jobs abroad. that whether where I had found liked had left ✎ Observe and Discover ✎ 性质： 时态: 人称： 引导词: 陈述句: 用 that 一般疑问句: 用if 或 whether 特殊疑问句: 用特殊疑问词 间接引语在多数情况下是一个宾语从句 一随主，二随宾，三不变 主句为一般过去时态，从句相应的变化 祈使句： tell sb. to do sth. ask sb. to do sth. order sb. to do sth. ✎ Exercise ✎ 1. “Who are you waiting for, Tom?” asked Nancy. ________________________________________________ 2. “Do you come from Australia?” Liu Jun asked Bob. ________________________________________________ 3. The teacher said to him, “Be quick.” ________________________________________________ 4. Mr. Black said to us, “Correct the mistakes yourselves.” ________________________________________________ 5. The teacher told us, “The moon moves round the earth.” ________________________________________________ Change the sentences into indirect speech. Nancy asked Tom who he was waiting for. Liu Jun asked Bob if/whether he came from Australia. The teacher told him to be quick. Mr. Black asked us to correct the mistakes ourselves. The teacher told us that the moon moves round the earth. Summary Direct Speech ➡ Indirect Speech 三变 词变 时变 句变 人称代词：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新 指示代词：this ➡ that; these ➡those (近➡远） 时间状语：now ➡ then 地点状语：here ➡ there 所有时态后移，如一般过去时➡过去完成时 陈述句：×× said (that).... 一般疑问句：×× asked+if/whether + 陈述语序 特殊疑问句：×× asked+特殊疑问词 + 陈述语序 祈使句：×× asked/told/ordered (sb.) (not) to do 客观真理时态不变 ✎ Summary ✎ Self-evaluation ✎ Self-evaluation ✎ Things I can do Scores I can tell the concept of Direct Speech & Indirect Speech. 5 3 1 I can use what I learned in this class in writing sentences. 5 3 1 I can tell the meanings of the key words and expressions. 5 3 1 I can conclude what I have learned in this class. 5 3 1 Homework Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. 1. Draw a mindmap to review what you have learned in this class. 2. Use Direct Speech & Indirect Speech to write 5 sentences. ✎ Homework ✎ ​John said, “I am tired.” John said that he was tired. Sarah asked, “Where are my keys?” Sarah asked where her keys were. John said, “I am tired.” John said that he was tired. Sarah asked, “Where are my keys?” Sarah asked where her keys were. The teacher exclaimed, “Open your books to page 30!” The teacher instructed the class to open their books to page 30. Emma said, “I will visit Paris next month.” Emma mentioned that she would visit Paris the following month. David shouted, “I didn’t break the vase!” David shouted that he hadn’t broken the vase. ✎ 参考答案 ✎ Thank You! Lavf58.12.100 $$