Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Lesson 1(课件PPT+Word教案)-【步步高】2024-2025学年高一英语必修第二册教师用书（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Lesson 1 Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the passage? A．Something about the virtual avatars. B．People’s views on virtual avatars. C．The development history of online avatars. D．The advantages and disadvantages about virtual avatars. 答案　A Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．What’s the function of the first paragraph? A．To introduce the topic. B．To give you some examples. C．To tell how important it is to create avatars. D．To describe how to create avatars. 答案　A 2．How have avatars developed over decades? A．They were used in web chats by the late 1980s. B．They appeared in computer games in the 1990s. C．There have been avatars since computers appeared. D．Avatars have developed from computer games to online chat. 答案　D 3．Why do some users have more than one avatar? A．Because they have the power to create more avatars. B．Because they don’t want others to know their sex. C．Because they don’t want to make their avatars seen by their friends. D．Because they want to use different avatars in different situations. 答案　D 4．What kind of avatar means that you are a funny person? A．A cute cat. B．A small mouse. C．A laughing monkey. D．A nice-looking person. 答案　C 5．What’s the author’s attitude towards avatars? A．Subjective. B．Objective. C．Positive. D．Negative. 答案　B Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 Some digital identities,1.known(know) as avatars，are a key part of how people use the Internet to communicate.The first simple 2D avatars appeared in 2.the 1980s.By the late 1990s，they 3.had been used(use) in web chats.Nowadays，they are everywhere.People can choose an avatar 4.from a selection of ready-made images，or create their own avatars that can talk，walk and fly around.The avatar you choose says a lot about your personality.When you choose a picture of a cute cat，you want to say，“I like relaxing and having fun”．Cartoon characters or laughing monkeys express “I am a really 5.funny(fun) person”．Some people make a few improvements and also experiment with things like different hairstyles. Avatars let you express 6.yourself(you) and give you a lot of room for creativity.When people start creating their own avatars，they find they have the power to create new identities 7.that/which did not look or act like their real selves. But the use of avatars has also caused a few 8.concerns(concern)．Some worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of 9.meeting(meet) people in the real world.Some people even use avatars 10.to cheat(cheat) others online，which is also a risk. 1．These digital identities，known as avatars，are a key part of how people use the Internet to communicate and express themselves(they)．(P8 Para.1) 结构分析：此句为复合句。known as avatars为过去分词短语作定语，修饰These digital identities；how引导宾语从句，to communicate and express...为不定式短语作目的状语。 汉语翻译：这些数字身份，被称作“虚拟形象”，这是人们利用互联网进行交流和表达自己的关键部分。 2．When people started creating their own avatars，they discovered that they were going to have the power to create(create) new identities that did not look or act like their real selves at all.(P9 Para.3) 结构分析：此句为复合句。When引导时间状语从句；creating their own avatars为动名词短语作started的宾语；第一个that引导宾语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词new identities，that在从句中作主语。 汉语翻译：人们开始创设自己的虚拟形象时，他们发现自己将有能力创设一种新的身份，这种身份在相貌和行为上可以与真正的自我完全不同。 3．When Internet users realised that their avatars would be seen(see) by many people，not just their friends，they started having more than one avatar：a sensible one for work；a friendly，good-looking one for meeting people；and a silly one for having fun.(P9 Para.3) 结构分析：此句为复合句。When引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”；that引导宾语从句。主句的主谓为they started...。 汉语翻译：互联网用户意识到很多人会看到他们的虚拟形象，而不仅仅是他们的朋友时，他们开始使用不止一个虚拟形象：一个朴素实用的虚拟形象用于工作；一个友好的、好看的虚拟形象用于交友；一个傻乎乎的虚拟形象用于取乐。 4．Most people create avatars that have similar features(feature) to their personalities and that look more or less like them and act like them.(P9 Para.4) 结构分析：此句为复合句。本句中两个that都引导定语从句，修饰avatars。 汉语翻译：大多数人创设的虚拟形象与他们的个性有着相似的特征，看起来或多或少像他们，在行为上也像他们。 5．You can also use avatars that move around and talk when you type in your message.(P9 Para.5) 结构分析：此句为复合句。that引导定语从句，修饰avatars；when引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。 汉语翻译：当你输入信息时，你也可以让虚拟形象活动起来或说话。 6．Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting(meet) people in the real world.(P9 Para.6) 结构分析：此句为复合句。第一个that引导宾语从句，在从句中含有so...that...句型，so...that...引导结果状语从句。 汉语翻译：一些用户担心他们在虚拟世界中花费了太多时间，以至于开始害怕在现实世界中与人见面。 7．They look forward to a time when their avatar will act like a real person and travel around bigger(big)，more exciting virtual worlds.(P9 Para.6) 结构分析：此句为复合句。look forward to意为“期待，盼望”，to是介词；when引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time，when在从句中作时间状语。 汉语翻译：他们期待着有朝一日，自己的虚拟形象会像真人一样去环游更广阔、更精彩的虚拟世界。 trick vt.欺骗；哄骗n.花招；诡计；技巧 (tricky adj.棘手的；难对付的) •trick sb into doing sth欺骗某人做某事 捉弄某人 (1)An advertisement might be trying to trick customers into downloading an app and buying a product or a service. [写作佳句] (2)(读后续写之愤怒心理描写)那个顽皮的男孩捉弄那个害羞的女孩，女孩发脾气了，她气得两颊通红。 The naughty boy played a trick/tricks on the shy girl，who lost her temper，her cheeks flaming with anger. (3)(应用文写作之求助信)作为一名来自美国的交换生，我喜欢吃水饺。你可以告诉我包水饺的诀窍吗？ As an exchange student from America，I like eating dumplings.Would you please tell me the trick of/about making dumplings? concern n．担忧，忧虑 vt.与……有关；使担心 (concerned adj.担心的；关心的；有关的concerning prep.关于) •show/express concern for/about对……表示关心 •as far as...be concerned就……而言 be concerned about/for对……担心/关心 be concerned with与……有关；关心/关注…… (1)More and more people are concerned about/for young students’ addiction to smartphones. (2)I recommend you to have a quick word with the person concerning(concern) the interview. [写作佳句] (3)我写信告诉你我们学校举行的成人礼的相关事宜。在我看来，它使我们意识到了作为成年人我们所承担的责任。 I am writing to tell you something concerning/concerned with the coming-of-age ceremony held in our school.As far as I am concerned，it makes us aware of the responsibility we are shouldering as adults. view vt.看，把……视为 n．态度；观点；风景；视野 •view...as...把……看作…… •in one’s view＝from one’s point of view在某人看来 in view of考虑到；鉴于 have a good view of...清楚地看到；饱览 (1)Obviously，English has been viewed as a universal tool of communication globally. (2)If you stand at the top of the mountain，you will have a good view of the whole city. [写作佳句] (3)(读后续写之升华句)尽管这个礼物不值钱，但我非常珍惜它。在我看来，真正重要的是其中所包含的爱。 Although the present isn’t worth much，I value it very much.From my point of view/In my view，it’s the love contained in it that really counts. more than多于；不仅仅；非常 more than＋数词　多于；超过 more than＋名词　不仅仅是 more than＋形容词/副词　很；非常 more...than...与其说……不如说…… (1)正如老师的评论：与其说他笨不如说他懒。 As the teacher commented，he was more lazy than stupid. (2)请随时给我打电话。我非常高兴尽我所能帮助你。 Please call me at any time.I’m more than happy to help you in any way I can. (3)郑和花了许多年的时间进行远洋旅行，游历了三十多个国家。 Zheng He spent many years on the ocean journeys and went to more than thirty countries. what引导宾语从句 They also experiment with things like different hairstyles—which says a lot，perhaps，about what they want to look like.(P9 Para.4) 人们还进行新的尝试，例如换上不同的发型，这可能从很大程度上透露了他们希望自己看起来是什么样子。 结构分析：此句为复合句。which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语；what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语。 what引导名词性从句时，在从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语，意为“……的东西/事情”。 (1)学生可以选择他们喜欢的方式来丰富他们的外语学习经历。 Students can choose what they like to enrich their foreign language learning experiences. (2)最让我感动的是你不遗余力地帮助我学习英语口语。 What moved me most was that you spared no effort to help me with my spoken English. (3)在过去是市场的地方，几座现代化的楼房正在建起。 Several modern buildings are being built in what used to be a market. 阅读以下短文，感知加黑的部分，并完成其后的练习。 One dollar and eighty-seven cents.That was all she had.Della counted it three times.One dollar and eighty-seven cents.①And the next day would be Christmas.②If she was to buy a nice gift for her husband Jim，③she would need more money.But how could she earn some? Della stood in front of the mirror in her apartment.She looked at her reflection，brushed her long，brown hair，and made up her mind：④she was going to sell her hair.With the money she received for it，⑤she would buy Jim a perfect gift. Della had her hair cut off and sold it for twenty dollars.She spent the next two hours hunting for Jim’s gift.She found it at last：a simple but beautiful watch chain for his gold watch，which had been passed down to him from his grandfather.Della paid twenty-one dollars for the watch chain，and hurried home with the remaining eighty-seven cents.She looked at her reflection in the mirror carefully again.She felt nervous.Did she look like a little schoolboy without her beautiful long hair? ⑥Would Jim still think she was pretty？⑦She was about to find out. [自主发现] 以上黑体部分在时态上均为过去将来时，其中句①，③，⑤和⑥表示从过去某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态；②表示“过去曾计划或安排要做”；④表示“过去准备、计划去做”，为主观打算或客观判断；⑦表示过去即将发生的动作。 过去将来时 一、过去将来时的构成 肯定句：主语＋should/would＋do＋其他。 否定句：主语＋should/would not＋do＋其他。 一般疑问句：Would/Should＋主语＋do＋其他？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋would/should＋主语＋do＋其他？ He said he would greet me at the school gate. 他说他会在学校门口迎接我。 They told me that they wouldn’t sponsor the activity. 他们告诉我他们不会赞助这项活动。 Would he turn up at the meeting on time if he took a taxi then? 如果他当时乘坐出租车，能准时出席会议吗？ What would you do if you were at the exhibition at that time? 如果当时你在展览会上你会做什么呢？ 二、过去将来时的用法 1．过去将来时表示从过去某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 I thought he wouldn’t figure out the truth，but to my astonishment，his intelligence was beyond imagination. 我原以为他查不出真相，但令我惊讶的是，他的才智超乎想象。 2．过去将来时表示过去的某种习惯性行为，只用“would＋动词原形”。 Whenever I had trouble，he would be the first to come to help. 每当我遇到麻烦时，他总会是第一个来帮忙的。 3．过去将来时用于虚拟语气中，表示与现在或将来的事实相反的情况。 If I were you，I would make an attempt to leave. 如果我是你，我会试图离开。 I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight. 我希望他今晚能和我一起去看电影。 三、过去将来时的常用结构 1．would/should＋动词原形 She told us that she would not pay a visit to the magnificent building，if it rained. 她告诉我们，如果下雨的话她就不去参观那栋宏伟的建筑了。 2．was/were going to do表示过去准备、计划做某事，或从过去看，将要发生某事。 I was going to see Mr Brown the next day，but the appointment was cancelled. 我本打算第二天去看布朗先生，但预约被取消了。 3．was/were about to do表示“正要、即将”。 His father was about to be transferred to a seaside town. 他的父亲即将被调往一座海滨小城。 4．was/were on the point of doing表示“正要……时”。 She was on the point of leaving when we came in. 她正要离开时我们进来了。 5．was/were to do表示曾计划做某事，但不表明计划是否被执行；或表示命中注定要发生的事。 The man said he was to take up the position. 这个人说他要担任这个职务。 They were to succeed because they worked so hard. 他们那么努力，注定会成功的。 6．go，come，leave，take off等少数趋向性短暂动词或动词短语可用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的情况。 A great many people were coming to watch the final. 有许多人要来观看决赛。 She told her mother that she was going to a dance with Mike. 她告诉母亲，她要和迈克一起去参加一场舞会。 温馨提示 1．过去将来时与一般将来时的比较： 一般将来时表示从现在来看将要发生的情况，而过去将来时则表示从过去来看将要发生的情况。 Tom says that he will never get married. 汤姆说他永远不结婚。 Tom said that he would never get married. 汤姆说过他永远不结婚。 2．条件状语从句和时间状语从句中需用一般过去时表示过去将来时。 His mum said he was out and that when he came she would let me know. 他的妈妈说他不在家，并且说他来了她会告诉我。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．I didn’t know you were going to look(look) for a new job. 2．They wanted to know when you would finish(finish) the article. 3．Helen said she would tell(tell) the news to her parents the next day. 4．Whenever he was in trouble，we would give(give) him a hand. 5．I was about to chat(chat) with my deskmate when our head teacher came in. 6．We were informed that the leaders were coming(come) to our school soon. 7．Li Ming said his mother would be worried if he failed(fail) in the coming exam. 8．They said goodbye as usual，little knowing that they were never to meet(meet) again. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．我们被告知飞机十分钟后就要起飞了。 We were told that the plane was taking off in ten minutes. 2．当他明确表示他将很快辞职时，我们都感到震惊。 We were all shocked when he made it clear that he would quit his job soon. 3．昨晚我本打算去参加会议，但是家里来了个不速之客。 I was going to attend the meeting last night，but an unexpected visitor came. 4．当我还是个孩子时，常常和朋友们在这棵树下玩耍。 When I was a child，I would play with my friends under the tree. 5．我们正要离开房间，这时有人敲门。 We were on the point of leaving the room when someone knocked at the door. Ⅲ.根据本单元所学语法知识完成语篇填空 Three years ago，my mom told me that she 1.would send/was going to send(send) me to a private high school.I was so excited because I 2.would start(start) a new chapter of my life.But the first two weeks at the new school was the most difficult time of my entire life.I was so homesick and I 3.didn’t know(not，know) how to cheer myself up.To take my attention away from my sadness，I 4.threw(throw) myself into my studies.I wanted to keep every second of my day busy and occupied so I 5.wouldn’t think(not，think) about how lonely I felt.Gradually，I 6.started(start) to adapt myself to my new life.I just remember one afternoon，as I was about 7.to leave(leave) the classroom after class，my head teacher walked to me and said that all my hard work 8.would pay(pay) off soon.Now I 9.am(be) in my ideal university.So if you put your effort into something，the result 10.wouldn’t disappoint(not，disappoint) you. 训练2　Lesson 1　[分值：70分] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 (每小题1.5分，共15分) 1．The day we have been looking forward to is(be) coming. 2．To our amazement，a variety(vary) of fancy cars are on show. 3．He was cheated into buying the second-hand car by his colleague. 4．For more information concerning(concern) the club，please call Mr Green. 5．Last week they went over their seeds to make a careful selection(select)． 6．I fancy taking(take) part in the meeting to explore our knowledge about teaching. 7．These digital identities， known(know) as avatars，are a key part of how people use the Internet to communicate. 8．In my view，we students should take an active part in some after-school activities to build up our body. 9．The old man was tricked into buying(buy) a lot of useless products，which obviously annoyed his wife a lot. 10．My recommendation(recommend) is that you should make a specific goal and make an effort for it. Ⅱ.单句写作(共15分) 1．祝贺你毕业，我很高兴与你分享我的高中生活。(more than) Congratulations on your graduation and I feel more than happy to share my life in high school with you. 2．尽管我曾时常担心自己的未来，但我还是设法在放松和学习之间保持了平衡。(be concerned about) Although I was often concerned about my future，I managed to keep a balance between relaxation and study. 3．我会和朋友们一起踢足球或者参加各种各样的活动，听他们说鼓励我的话。(would do；variety) I would play football or take part in a variety of/varieties of activities with my friends，listening to their words of encouragement. 4．在我看来，高中时的朋友永远是我最好的朋友，因为他们帮助我渡过难关。(view) From my point of view/In my view，friends in high school are my best friends forever，because they helped me get through hardships. 5．要相信自己，我相信你迟早会获得你想要的一切。(what引导宾语从句) Be confident，and I hold the belief that you can achieve what you want sooner or later. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 参考范文 Congratulations on your graduation and I feel more than happy to share my life in high school with you.Although I was often concerned about my future，I managed to keep a balance between relaxation and study.I would play football or take part in varieties of activities with my friends，listening to their words of encouragement.From my point of view，friends in high school are my best friends forever，because they helped me get through hardships.Be confident，and I hold the belief that you can achieve what you want sooner or later. Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分) (2024·河南南阳高一期末) Traditionally，the number of meaningful social relationships one can maintain is around 150.This concept finds its roots in the natural development of the human brain.However，in the digital age，where our social connections extend far beyond the geographical boundaries(界限)，we easily create more connections with the help of the rising online platforms.Then，a question arises：Does the digital age rewrite the rules of social connection? A study published in Cyberpsychology，Behavior，and Social Networking explored the effect of social media usage on the size of social circles and the closeness of relationships.The researchers found that more time spent on social media made for a larger number of online “friends”，but not a larger number of offline friends.Further，the findings were not linked to feelings of closeness towards online or offline friends. Another study from the European Journal of Information Systems studied the link between social media usage and “social overload”—the feeling that too much of the energy for socializing is being used up by online relationships.The authors found that social media usage directly contributed to the experience of social overload，related to digital tiredness and dissatisfaction with social media. With social media platforms rising，one’s ability to connect with people challenges the traditional concept.The brain，used to manage a limited number of relationships，now fights against the difficulties of dealing with a large number of digital connections，leading to a less attention and feeling investment(投入) in a relationship.And the online shallow connections can not develop meaningful，lasting relationships that stand the test of digital distance. Therefore，in the digital age’s social whirlwind，instead of drowning(淹没) in a sea of weak interaction(互动)，choose to engage in meaningful conversations and focus on the handful of relationships that truly fit your heart.Hug the beauty of face-to-face connections，allowing the richness of human interaction to flower beyond the digital world.By doing so，we create digital and physical spaces that truly improve our well-being. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。数字时代下，随着社交媒体平台的兴起，人们会与更多在线朋友建立联系，导致了社交超负荷，挑战了社交联系的传统规则。作者在最后建议进行面对面的联系，参与有意义的对话，专注于少数真正适合自己内心的关系。 1．Why did the author mention the traditional concept in the first paragraph? A．To tell a story. B．To introduce the topic. C．To show his sincerity. D．To give an example. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。第一段讲述了与传统上相比较，数字时代能够使人们建立更多关系，但也产生了这是否会改写社会联系规则的问题。由此可推测出，作者提到传统概念是为了引出接下来的主题。故选B。 2．What can we learn from the first study? A．Online relationships were closer. B．Spending more time online improved one’s health. C．Social media usage had no effect on one’s social circles. D．The large online social circles didn’t mean the large number of offline friends. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The researchers found that more time spent on social media made for a larger number of online ‘friends’，but not a larger number of offline friends.”可知，在社交媒体上花的时间越多，网上的朋友会越多，但线下的朋友却不多，由此可推测出，网上社交圈大并不意味着有许多线下朋友。故选D。 3．What is the disadvantage of engaging in too many relationships? A．It results in one’s less attention to a relationship. B．It causes the brain to break down and damages the health. C．It leads to expression errors when one socializes with friends. D．It develops lasting connections that stand the test of distance. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The brain...dealing with a large number of digital connections，leading to a less attention and feeling investment(投入) in a relationship.”可知，参与太多的关系会导致对一段关系的关注减少。故选A。 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Offline Relationships：The Source of Well-being B．Social Overload：Do You Have Too Many Friends? C．Social Media：The Source of Making for Lots of Offline Friends D．Online Friends：The Cause of Digital Dissatisfaction 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。纵观全文，尤其根据第一、三、四段可知，本文主要讨论了数字时代社交超负荷的问题，B项“社交超负荷：你有太多的朋友吗？”符合题意。故选B。 Ⅳ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2024·山东菏泽高一上期末) A Change of Heart Joe woke up in a bad mood.He didn’t want to go to the International Museum of Pottery with his 1 today.The class had voted(投票) on their spring field trip，and his 2 did not win.Joe had wanted to do something outdoors，like visit a horse farm.Joe thought pottery is boring! But he had no 3 . When they reached the 4 ，Joe listened to the guide’s introduction half-heartedly.“You might 5 pottery is just something your teacher paints in a weekly class，but the 6 reaches much further than that.You will learn about its importance from ancient times.It tells us a lot about the 7 they came from.” Joe didn’t know pottery was an ancient art. As they 8 the Native American pottery of the Southwest，the guide explained the dry climate helped the pottery 9 faster.The guide showed a video of a woman 10 a vase(花瓶)．Joe was 11 by how skillful she was.When seeing the beautiful modern works，Joe laughed at the funny shapes of Picasso’s pottery 12 . By the end of the day，Joe’s mood had completely 13 .He was glad he had come to the museum.He saw the 14 of learning about a variety of cultures through pottery works.He would definitely be 15 to visit the museum again. 语篇解读　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了全班同学就去哪里春游进行投票，最终投票结果是去博物馆，虽然乔不愿意去博物馆，但他别无选择。在参观博物馆后，他改变了自己的想法，很高兴自己能来博物馆。 1．A.cousins B．teachers C．parents D．classmates 答案　D 解析　cousin同辈表亲(或堂亲)。由下文“The class had voted(投票) on their spring field trip，and his did not win.”可知，全班同学对去哪里春游进行了投票，由此可知，这是乔的班级组织的活动，他是和同学们一起去博物馆，故选D。 2．A.debates B．proposals C．opinions D．comments 答案　B 解析　debate辩论；proposal建议，提议；opinion观点；comment评论。由上文“The class had voted(投票) on their spring field trip”和下文“Joe had wanted to do something outdoors”可知，全班同学就去哪里春游进行投票，乔本来想去户外，但是他的提议没有通过，故选B。 3．A.choice B．accommodation C．adventure D．demand 答案　A 解析　accommodation住宿；adventure冒险；demand要求。由上文“The class had voted(投票) on their spring field trip，and his did not win.”和下文“When they reached the ，Joe listened to the guide’s introduction half-heartedly.”可知，全班同学就去哪里春游进行投票，最终投票结果是去博物馆，虽然乔不愿意去博物馆，但他别无选择，故选A。 4．A.farm B．school C．museum D．cinema 答案　C 解析　由上文“He didn’t want to go to the International Museum of Pottery”可知，此处museum是同词复现，故选C。 5．A.consider B．explore C．remind D．intend 答案　A 解析　consider认为；explore探索；remind提醒；intend打算。由下文“pottery is just something your teacher paints in a weekly class”可知，导游说学生们可能认为陶器只是老师在每周课堂上画的东西，故选A。 6．A.painting B．detail C．emotion D．art 答案　D 解析　painting绘画；detail细节；emotion情感。由上文“pottery”和下文“Joe didn’t know pottery was an ancient art.”可知，陶器属于艺术，故选D。 7．A.characters B．cultures C．documents D．legends 答案　B 解析　character特征；document文件；legend传说。由上文“You will learn about its importance from ancient times.”和下文“It tells us a lot about the”和下文“learning about a variety of cultures through pottery works”可知，陶器会告诉我们很多关于它们来自的文化，故选B。 8．A.gave up B．stood by C．got to D．reflected on 答案　C 解析　stand by袖手旁观；get to来到；reflect on仔细考虑，反省。由下文“the guide explained the dry climate helped the pottery faster”可知，他们来到了展示西南部的美洲原住民陶器的地方，故选C。 9．A.cool B．dirty C．warm D．dry 答案　D 解析　cool冷却；dirty弄脏；warm变暖和；dry(使)变干。由上文“the dry climate helped the pottery”和常识可知，干燥的气候有助于使陶器干得更快。故选D。 10．A.shaping B．drawing C．coloring D．decorating 答案　A 解析　shape塑造，制作；draw画画；color为……着色；decorate装饰。由下文“how skillful she was”可知，视频里的女人正在制作花瓶，故选A。 11．A.forgotten B．kept C．attracted D．admired 答案　C 解析　forget遗忘；keep保留，存放；attract吸引；admire钦佩。由下文“by how skillful she was”可知，女人熟练地制作花瓶吸引了乔，故选C。 12．A.lessons B．lectures C．reports D．creations 答案　D 解析　lecture演讲；report报告；creation创作，作品。由上文“When seeing the beautiful modern works，Joe laughed at the funny shapes of Picasso’s pottery”可在，此处指毕加索的陶艺作品，故选D。 13．A.worsened B．changed C．appeared D．happened 答案　B 解析　worsen变坏；appear出现；happen发生。由下文“He was glad he had come to the museum.”和第一段提到的“He didn’t want to go to the International Museum of Pottery”可知，乔从最初不愿意去博物馆到最后很高兴自己来了博物馆，由此可知，他的心情完全变了，故选B。 14．A.benefit B．effort C．goal D．schedule 答案　A 解析　benefit好处；effort努力；goal目标；schedule计划。由下文“of learning about a variety of cultures through pottery works”可知，乔明白了通过陶艺作品了解多种文化的好处。故选A。 15．A.unique B．angry C．happy D．serious 答案　C 解析　unique独一无二的；serious严肃的。由上文“He was glad he had come to the museum.”可知，乔很高兴自己来了博物馆，这说明他很愿意参观博物馆，即他一定会很高兴能再次参观博物馆。故选C。 Ⅴ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) Chopsticks are one of the world’s oldest and simplest utensils(用具).1. (use) by about one-fifth of the world’s population，especially in East and Southeast Asia，chopsticks 2. (come) from China at least 3,000 years ago，people think. Chopsticks are believed to have been used as a cooking utensil rather than eating utensils.The increasing use of fire and the 3. (develop) of various cooking methods led to the need for cooking utensils to avoid injuries.While spoons once were preferred，people gradually like chopsticks over time because they could easily pick up 4. variety of food such as noodles，dumplings and sticky rice.Their shape and material vary by area and intended use.In China，where people often eat in 5. (group) around a large table，chopsticks generally have a square body，rounded ends and are long enough to reach food from a distance 6. (convenient)．Japanese chopsticks tend 7. (be) thinner to pick small bones out of fish.Korean chopsticks,8. generally are made of metal，have a flat body and are used with spoons during meals. Today，chopsticks 9. (sell) at most Asian supermarkets and online.The most common types are made of wood or bamboo，costing between $5 10. $10 for several pairs. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了筷子的历史、用途和种类。 1．答案　Used 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，use(使用)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语chopsticks之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Used。 2．答案　came 解析　考查动词时态。分析句子可知，come是句中谓语动词，与主语chopsticks之间是主动关系，句中有时间状语at least 3,000 years ago，应使用一般过去时态。故填came。 3．答案　development 解析　考查名词。提示词作主语，用名词development，意为“发展”，不可数名词。故填development。 4．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。a variety of是固定短语，意为“各种各样的”。故填a。 5．答案　groups 解析　考查名词。in groups是固定短语，意为“成群地，成队地”。故填groups。 6．答案　conveniently 解析　考查副词。提示词修饰动词reach，用副词conveniently作状语，意为“便利地”。故填conveniently。 7．答案　to be 解析　考查不定式。tend to do 是固定短语。故填to be。 8．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Korean chopsticks，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 9．答案　are sold 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。sell是句中谓语动词，与主语chopsticks之间是被动关系，结合时间状语Today可知，用一般现在时态，又因主语是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。故填are sold。 10．答案　and 解析　考查连词。between...and...是固定搭配，意为“在……和……之间”。故填and。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Section Ⅱ Lesson 1 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY UNIT 4 Part 1　课文整体理解 Part 2　长句难句分析 Part 3　语言知识学习 Part 4　语法项目精讲 整体理解 课文 3 Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the passage? A.Something about the virtual avatars. B.People’s views on virtual avatars. C.The development history of online avatars. D.The advantages and disadvantages about virtual avatars. √ Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Para. 1 Definition A digital image represents an Internet user. Para. 2 History ·in the 1980s: The first simple 2D avatars appeared in roleplaying 1.________________. ·by the late 1990s:They had been used in 2.__________. computer games web chats Paras. 3-5 Purposes of using avatars Para. 2 History Paras. 3-5 Purposes of using avatars ·To express oneself: Let you 3._______ yourself and they give you lots of room for 4._________. ·To represent oneself:They 5._____________ with things like different 6.__________—which says a lot, perhaps, about what they want to look like. express creativity experiment hairstyles Para. 6 Views ·Negative: Some users are becoming 7.________ of meeting people in the real world. ·Positive:Others view avatars in a more 8.________ light. afraid positive Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1.What’s the function of the first paragraph? A.To introduce the topic. B.To give you some examples. C.To tell how important it is to create avatars. D.To describe how to create avatars. √ 2.How have avatars developed over decades? A.They were used in web chats by the late 1980s. B.They appeared in computer games in the 1990s. C.There have been avatars since computers appeared. D.Avatars have developed from computer games to online chat. √ 3.Why do some users have more than one avatar? A.Because they have the power to create more avatars. B.Because they don’t want others to know their sex. C.Because they don’t want to make their avatars seen by their friends. D.Because they want to use different avatars in different situations. √ 4.What kind of avatar means that you are a funny person? A.A cute cat. B.A small mouse. C.A laughing monkey. D.A nice-looking person. √ 5.What’s the author’s attitude towards avatars? A.Subjective. B.Objective. C.Positive. D.Negative. √ Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 Some digital identities,1. (know) as avatars，are a key part of how people use the Internet to communicate.The first simple 2D avatars appeared in 2.____ 1980s.By the late 1990s，they 3. (use) in web chats. Nowadays，they are everywhere.People can choose an avatar 4. a selection of ready-made images，or create their own avatars that can talk，walk and fly around.The avatar you choose says a lot about your personality.When you choose a picture of a cute cat，you want to say，“I like relaxing and having fun”.Cartoon characters or laughing monkeys express “I am a really 5.______(fun) person”.Some people make a few improvements and also experiment with things like different hairstyles. known the had been used from funny Avatars let you express 6. (you) and give you a lot of room for creativity.When people start creating their own avatars，they find they have the power to create new identities 7. did not look or act like their real selves. But the use of avatars has also caused a few 8.___________(concern). Some worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of 9. (meet) people in the real world. Some people even use avatars 10. (cheat) others online，which is also a risk. yourself that/which concerns meeting to cheat 返 回 难句分析 长句 14 1.These digital identities，known as avatars，are key part of how people use the Internet to communicate and express (they).(P8 Para.1) 结构分析：此句为 句。known as avatars为过去分词短语作 ，修饰These digital identities；how引导 从句，to communicate and express...为不定式短语作 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 这些数字身份，被称作“虚拟形象”，这是人们利用互联网进行交流和表达自己的关键部分。 a themselves 复合 定语 宾语 目的状语 2.When people started creating their own avatars，they discovered that they were going to have the power (create) new identities that did not look act like their real selves at all.(P9 Para.3) 结构分析：此句为 句。When引导 从句；creating their own avatars为动名词短语作started的 ；第一个that引导 从句；第二个that引导 从句，修饰先行词new identities，that在从句中作______。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 人们开始创设自己的虚拟形象时，他们发现自己将有能力创设一种新的身份，这种身份在相貌和行为上可以与真正的自我完全不同。 to create or 复合 时间状语 宾语 宾语 定语 主语 3.When Internet users realised that their avatars would (see) by many people，not just their friends，they started having more than one avatar：a sensible one work；a friendly，good-looking one for meeting people；and a silly one for having fun.(P9 Para.3) 结构分析：此句为 句。When引导 从句，意为“________ _____”；that引导 从句。主句的主谓为 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 互联网用户意识到很多人会看到他们的虚拟形象，而不仅仅是他们的朋友时，他们开始使用不止一个虚拟形象：一个朴素实用的虚拟形象用于工作；一个友好的、好看的虚拟形象用于交友；一个傻乎乎的虚拟形象用于取乐。 be seen for 复合 时间状语 当……的 时候 宾语 they started... 4.Most people create avatars that have similar (feature) to their personalities and that look more less like them and act like them.(P9 Para.4) 结构分析：此句为 句。本句中两个that都引导 从句，修饰 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 大多数人创设的虚拟形象与他们的个性有着相似的特征，看起来或多或少像他们，在行为上也像他们。 features or 复合 定语 avatars 5.You can also use avatars that move around and talk when you type ____ your message.(P9 Para.5) 结构分析：此句为 句。that引导 从句，修饰 ；when引导 从句，意为“ ”。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ 当你输入信息时，你也可以让虚拟形象活动起来或说话。 in 复合 定语 avatars 时间状语 当……的时候 6.Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of (meet) people in the real world.(P9 Para.6) 结构分析：此句为 句。第一个that引导 从句，在从句中含有so...that...句型，so...that...引导 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 一些用户担心他们在虚拟世界中花费了太多时间，以至于开始害怕在现实世界中与人见面。 meeting 复合 宾语 结果状语 7.They look forward to a time when their avatar will act like a real person and travel around (big)，more exciting virtual worlds.(P9 Para.6) 结构分析：此句为 句。look forward to意为“ ”，to是 ；when引导 从句，修饰先行词a time，when在从句中作_________。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 他们期待着有朝一日，自己的虚拟形象会像真人一样去环游更广阔、更精彩的虚拟世界。 bigger 复合 期待，盼望 介词 定语 时间状语 返 回 知识学习 语言 22 1 • trick sb into doing sth欺骗某人做某事 play a trick/tricks on sb • play a joke/jokes on sb make fun of sb (1)An advertisement might be trying to trick customers downloading an app and buying a product or a service. trick vt.欺骗；哄骗n.花招；诡计；技巧 (tricky adj.棘手的；难对付的) 捉弄某人 into (2)(读后续写之愤怒心理描写)那个顽皮的男孩捉弄那个害羞的女孩，女孩发脾气了，她气得两颊通红。 The naughty boy ，who lost her temper，her cheeks flaming with anger. (3)(应用文写作之求助信)作为一名来自美国的交换生，我喜欢吃水饺。你可以告诉我包水饺的诀窍吗？ As an exchange student from America，I like eating dumplings. _______________________________________________________? 写作佳句 played a trick/tricks on the shy girl Would you please tell me the trick of/about making dumplings 2 n.担忧，忧虑 vt.与……有关；使担心 (concerned adj.担心的；关心的；有关的concerning prep.关于) concern • show/express concern for/about对……表示关心 • as far as...be concerned就……而言 be concerned about/for对……担心/关心 be concerned with与……有关；关心/关注…… (1)More and more people are concerned young students’ addiction to smartphones. (2)I recommend you to have a quick word with the person ____________ (concern) the interview. about/for concerning (3)我写信告诉你我们学校举行的成人礼的相关事宜。在我看来，它使我们意识到了作为成年人我们所承担的责任。 I am writing to tell you something _________________________ the coming-of-age ceremony held in our school._______________ __________，it makes us aware of the responsibility we are shouldering as adults. 写作佳句 concerning/concerned with As far as I am concerned • view...as...把……看作…… • in one’s view＝from one’s point of view在某人看来 in view of考虑到；鉴于 have a good view of...清楚地看到；饱览 (1)Obviously，English has been viewed a universal tool of communication globally. (2)If you stand at the top of the mountain，you will have good view of the whole city. 3 vt.看，把……视为 n.态度；观点；风景；视野 view as a (3)(读后续写之升华句)尽管这个礼物不值钱，但我非常珍惜它。在我看来，真正重要的是其中所包含的爱。 Although the present isn’t worth much，I value it very much. ________________________________________________________________________. 写作佳句 From my point of view/In my view，it’s the love contained in it that really counts 4 多于；不仅仅；非常 more than more than＋数词　多于；超过 more than＋名词　不仅仅是 more than＋形容词/副词　很；非常 more...than...与其说……不如说…… (1)正如老师的评论：与其说他笨不如说他懒。 As the teacher commented，he was . (2)请随时给我打电话。我非常高兴尽我所能帮助你。 Please call me at any time.I’m to help you in any way I can. (3)郑和花了许多年的时间进行远洋旅行，游历了三十多个国家。 Zheng He spent many years on the ocean journeys and _________________ _______________. more lazy than stupid more than happy went to more than thirty countries 5 what引导宾语从句 They also experiment with things like different hairstyles—which says a lot，perhaps，about what they want to look like.(P9 Para.4) 人们还进行新的尝试，例如换上不同的发型，这可能从很大程度上透露了他们希望自己看起来是什么样子。 结构分析：此句为复合句。which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语；what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语。 what引导名词性从句时，在从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语，意为“……的东西/事情”。 (1)学生可以选择他们喜欢的方式来丰富他们的外语学习经历。 Students can choose to enrich their foreign language learning experiences. (2)最让我感动的是你不遗余力地帮助我学习英语口语。 was that you spared no effort to help me with my spoken English. (3)在过去是市场的地方，几座现代化的楼房正在建起。 Several modern buildings are being built in . what they like What moved me most what used to be a market 返 回 项目精讲 语法 33 阅读以下短文，感知加颜色的部分，并完成其后的练习。 One dollar and eighty-seven cents.That was all she had.Della counted it three times.One dollar and eighty-seven cents.①And the next day would be Christmas.②If she was to buy a nice gift for her husband Jim，③she would need more money.But how could she earn some? Della stood in front of the mirror in her apartment.She looked at her reflection，brushed her long，brown hair，and made up her mind：④she was going to sell her hair.With the money she received for it，⑤she would buy Jim a perfect gift. 语境感悟 Della had her hair cut off and sold it for twenty dollars.She spent the next two hours hunting for Jim’s gift.She found it at last：a simple but beautiful watch chain for his gold watch，which had been passed down to him from his grandfather.Della paid twenty-one dollars for the watch chain，and hurried home with the remaining eighty-seven cents.She looked at her reflection in the mirror carefully again.She felt nervous.Did she look like a little schoolboy without her beautiful long hair? ⑥Would Jim still think she was pretty？⑦She was about to find out. [自主发现] 以上加颜色部分在时态上均为过去将来时，其中句 ， ， 和____表示从过去某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态； 表示“过去曾计划或安排要做”； 表示“过去准备、计划去做”，为主观打算或客观判断； 表示过去即将发生的动作。 ① ③ ⑤ ⑥ ② ④ ⑦ 语法精讲 过去将来时 一、过去将来时的构成 肯定句：主语＋should/would＋do＋其他。 否定句：主语＋should/would not＋do＋其他。 一般疑问句：Would/Should＋主语＋do＋其他？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋would/should＋主语＋do＋其他？ He said he would greet me at the school gate. 他说他会在学校门口迎接我。 They told me that they wouldn’t sponsor the activity. 他们告诉我他们不会赞助这项活动。 Would he turn up at the meeting on time if he took a taxi then? 如果他当时乘坐出租车，能准时出席会议吗？ What would you do if you were at the exhibition at that time? 如果当时你在展览会上你会做什么呢？ 二、过去将来时的用法 1.过去将来时表示从过去某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 I thought he wouldn’t figure out the truth，but to my astonishment，his intelligence was beyond imagination. 我原以为他查不出真相，但令我惊讶的是，他的才智超乎想象。 2.过去将来时表示过去的某种习惯性行为，只用“would＋动词原形”。 Whenever I had trouble，he would be the first to come to help. 每当我遇到麻烦时，他总会是第一个来帮忙的。 3.过去将来时用于虚拟语气中，表示与现在或将来的事实相反的情况。 If I were you，I would make an attempt to leave. 如果我是你，我会试图离开。 I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight. 我希望他今晚能和我一起去看电影。 三、过去将来时的常用结构 1.would/should＋动词原形 She told us that she would not pay a visit to the magnificent building，if it rained. 她告诉我们，如果下雨的话她就不去参观那栋宏伟的建筑了。 2.was/were going to do表示过去准备、计划做某事，或从过去看，将要发生某事。 I was going to see Mr Brown the next day，but the appointment was cancelled. 我本打算第二天去看布朗先生，但预约被取消了。 3.was/were about to do表示“正要、即将”。 His father was about to be transferred to a seaside town. 他的父亲即将被调往一座海滨小城。 4.was/were on the point of doing表示“正要……时”。 She was on the point of leaving when we came in. 她正要离开时我们进来了。 5.was/were to do表示曾计划做某事，但不表明计划是否被执行；或表示命中注定要发生的事。 The man said he was to take up the position. 这个人说他要担任这个职务。 They were to succeed because they worked so hard. 他们那么努力，注定会成功的。 6.go，come，leave，take off等少数趋向性短暂动词或动词短语可用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的情况。 A great many people were coming to watch the final. 有许多人要来观看决赛。 She told her mother that she was going to a dance with Mike. 她告诉母亲，她要和迈克一起去参加一场舞会。 温馨提示 1.过去将来时与一般将来时的比较： 一般将来时表示从现在来看将要发生的情况，而过去将来时则表示从过去来看将要发生的情况。 Tom says that he will never get married. 汤姆说他永远不结婚。 Tom said that he would never get married. 汤姆说过他永远不结婚。 2.条件状语从句和时间状语从句中需用一般过去时表示过去将来时。 His mum said he was out and that when he came she would let me know. 他的妈妈说他不在家，并且说他来了她会告诉我。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.I didn’t know you were going (look) for a new job. 2.They wanted to know when you (finish) the article. 3.Helen said she (tell) the news to her parents the next day. 4.Whenever he was in trouble，we (give) him a hand. 5.I was about (chat) with my deskmate when our head teacher came in. 6.We were informed that the leaders (come) to our school soon. 达标检测 to look would finish would tell would give to chat were coming 7.Li Ming said his mother would be worried if he (fail) in the coming exam. 8.They said goodbye as usual，little knowing that they were never ____ ______(meet) again. failed to meet Ⅱ.完成句子 1.我们被告知飞机十分钟后就要起飞了。 We were told that the plane in ten minutes. 2.当他明确表示他将很快辞职时，我们都感到震惊。 We were all shocked when he made it clear that . 3.昨晚我本打算去参加会议，但是家里来了个不速之客。 I the meeting last night，but an unexpected visitor came. was taking off he would quit his job soon was going to attend 4.当我还是个孩子时，常常和朋友们在这棵树下玩耍。 When I was a child，I under the tree. 5.我们正要离开房间，这时有人敲门。 We when someone knocked at the door. would play with my friends were on the point of leaving the room Ⅲ.根据本单元所学语法知识完成语篇填空 Three years ago，my mom told me that she 1.___________________ (send) me to a private high school.I was so excited because I 2.___________(start) a new chapter of my life.But the first two weeks at the new school was the most difficult time of my entire life.I was so homesick and I 3. (not，know) how to cheer myself up.To take my attention away from my sadness，I 4. (throw) myself into my studies.I wanted to keep every second of my day busy and occupied so I 5. (not，think) about how lonely I felt.Gradually，I 6._______(start) to adapt myself to my new life. would send/was going to send would start didn’t know threw wouldn’t think started I just remember one afternoon，as I was about 7. (leave) the classroom after class，my head teacher walked to me and said that all my hard work 8. (pay) off soon.Now I 9. (be) in my ideal university.So if you put your effort into something，the result 10.__________________(not，disappoint) you. 返 回 to leave would pay am wouldn’t disappoint $$