UNIT2 读与练·阅读限时训练三（Word练习）-【拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·河北邯郸高二下期中)There are plenty of opportunities to study and work abroad. But some early­career scientists might face challenges adapting to different communication styles and different workplaces. However, supervisors and junior researchers can reduce the risk of misunderstandings by actively learning about each other's cultures and expressing workplace expectations clearly. It is important to be sensitive to cultural differences and to avoid misunderstandings. Nanda Dimitrov, director of Western University's Teaching Support Centre in London, says that she personally experienced directness more often in the United Kingdom than in the United States. She points out that the relationship between junior researcher and supervisor is influenced by many factors including personality, former experiences and the department's culture. Keshun Zhang faced this issue after moving from China to the University of Konstanz in Germany to get his PhD in psychology. He was used to following teachers' suggestions. But the culture in Germany always encourages you to argue, to fight for yourself. With his supervisor's encouragement, he started pushing back. After his first year, his supervisor said, “Wow, finally you have learnt to say no.” Zhang also realized that he was expected to work independently. His supervisor urged him to try to solve problems on his own and to ask for guidance only if he became stuck. “People sometimes brush off a student from another country as ‘rude’， but in their culture, they're not，” says Amratia, who was a Kenya student at the University of Florida in Gainesville. “Researchers should also remember that their nation's customs aren't necessarily best. When you come from a different country, you don't assume everybody should be doing things your way. I never cared if somebody was different from me as long as it didn't seriously affect the rest of the lab，” Amratia said. 1.How do people going abroad avoid misunderstanding according to paragraph 1? A.By facing challenges bravely. B.By introducing their own ideas. C.By creating more communication chances. D.By learning different cultures and expressing job expectations. 2.What does Nanda's experience tell us? A.Don't be too sensitive to different cultures. B.People should experience different cultures. C.British are more direct than Americans do. D.The relation among junior researchers is simple. 3.Which of the following is the German preference? A.Trying to support one's own opinions. B.Accepting advice of elders. C.Pushing back supervisor's encouragement. D.Turning to others for help often. 4.What does Amratia suggest doing? A.Working independently and hard. B.Respecting others' different cultures. C.Encouraging yourself to fight for yourself. D.Talking with people with the same culture. [二次精读] 重点单词 supervisor /'suːpəvaɪzə(r)/ n.　主管 factor /'fæktə(r)/ n. 因素，要素 independently /ˌɪndɪ'pendəntli/ adv. 独立地 重点短语 be sensitive to　对……敏感 point out 指出 be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 be expected to do sth 被期望做某事 urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事 brush off 指迅速摆脱或拒绝某人或某事 as long as 只要 语块积累 reduce the risk of misunderstandings　 　减少误解的风险 follow teachers' suggestions 听从老师的建议 with his supervisor's encouragement 在他主管的鼓励下 ask for guidance 寻求指导 长难句分析 I never cared if somebody was different from me as long as it didn't seriously affect the rest of the lab. 只要不严重影响到实验室的其他成员，我从不关心是否有人与我不同。 【分析】　这是一个主从复合句。if引导宾语从句，as long as引导条件状语从句。 B (2024·辽宁丹东一模)Yuck! Chicken blood splashes onto the floor and insects fly everywhere in the market. The old Indian woman waves the butcher knife. You're speechless. Your friend who moved to India a few months before you notices your horror. “It's just something they do，” he clarifies. You've heard living abroad is good for you. Experiences like this one make you say “Seriously？” Yes. Seriously. Researchers William Maddux and Hajo Adam have discovered not only that cultural experiences are good for you, but they've also discovered why they're good for you. Cultural experiences can make you more creative. Maddux and his team discovered that learning about new cultures you encounter deeply is key to obtaining cognitive rewards. The team did a series of experiments with people who had lived abroad for a long time. They asked the sojourners to recall experiences where they: learned something about the culture they lived in abroad; learned something about their own culture; did something unrelated (like visiting a supermarket). Those who recalled learning something about a new culture did much better on a creative problem­solving task immediately afterward. Maddux and his team wondered, though. Does learning new cultures always help? Is it enough to just notice that another culture is different? In another experiment they had a group of people recall an experience where they learned something new about a foreign culture but hadn't been able to learn about the reasons for it. The people who later were made aware of the hidden reasons for the novel, different, or unexpected behaviors they had come across were much more creative afterward than those who weren't. This means that even though discovering cultural differences exist is great, it's not enough to influence how you think in other situations. You have to learn why a cultural difference exists. That's what helps you spot new connections later, in other aspects of your life. 5.Why is the scene mentioned in the first paragraph? A.To show us an appropriate example. B.To prove the advantages of living abroad. C.To provide evidence for the writer's viewpoint. D.To draw readers' attention to the following exploration. 6.What did the researchers find by asking the sojourners to recall their experience? A.What is necessary to be creative. B.What influence creativity has on people. C.What benefits cultural experiences bring. D.What they can learn from their own cultures. 7.From the experiment in paragraph 6, we can conclude ________. A.learning new cultures is always of great help B.it's not enough just to notice similarities between cultures C.knowing the reasons for the difference is the key to creativity D.culture difference has an impact on your way of thinking 8.Where is the text probably taken from? A.A research report. B.A geography textbook. C.A travel brochure. D.A science magazine. [二次精读] 重点单词 splash /splæʃ/ v.　溅落，飞溅 horror /'hɒrə(r)/ n. 震惊，恐惧 clarify /'klærəfɑɪ/ v. 澄清，阐明 sojourners /'sɒdʒɜːnə/ n. 旅居者 重点短语 aware of　意识到 come across 偶然遇见 语块积累 make you more creative　让你更有创造力 obtain cognitive rewards 获得认知奖励 长难句分析 The people who later were made aware of the hidden reasons for the novel, different, or unexpected behaviors they had come across were much more creative afterward than those who weren't. 那些后来意识到他们所遇到的新奇、不同或意想不到的行为背后隐藏的原因的人，事后比那些没有意识到的人更有创造力。 【分析】　这是一个主从复合句。主句为The people were much more creative afterward，第一个who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people，they had come across是省略that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词unexpected behaviors，than为介词，用以引出比较的第二部分，第二个who引导定语从句，修饰不定代词those。 C (2024·吉林长春高二上期末)Culture shock is a broad term for a series of personal difficulties that people go through in new places and is usually most extreme for those who can not speak the language of the place they have moved to or for those who aren't familiar with the social rules. Both of these things applied to me in China when I moved there in 2011. So, naturally I went through the full well­known stages of culture shock: the honeymoon, frustration, adjustment and acceptance. When I arrived I was excited and optimistic but I quickly became annoyed by cultural differences, missing how things worked back home. By the end of my first year I had totally lost my self­confidence and I became a bit clumsy and sensitive person and I thought it was China that made me that way. Then in my second year I started to pick up some language skills and I found fun activities to do in my spare time. I made great foreign and Chinese friends and later I developed an interest in Chinese history and culture. Based on the above I learned to consider myself a confident and happy foreigner. Today I'm back in the US where I'm pursuing a PhD at university in my hometown. It's been a little tough to readjust to the life in my home country. I suffered at first from reverse culture shock, experiencing the four stages in the opposite order. I'd complain loudly about the little things like I could no longer shout “fu wu yuan” to get a waiter's attention in a restaurant. But eventually I came to realize that my home had become an entirely new place when I was away. That, by itself, was exciting. 9.Which stage of culture shock does paragraph 3 mainly describe? A.The honeymoon. B.Frustration. C.Adjustment. D.Acceptance. 10.Which least help the author ease his culture shock in China? A.Making local friends. B.Joining in fun activities. C.Attending history courses. D.Learning the Chinese language. 11.What does the underlined word “reverse” mean? A.Exchanging the position completely. B.Changing the previous decision. C.Stopping having a particular position. D.Changing the order of something around. 12.What can we learn about the author according to the last paragraph? A.He began to feel that life in the US was boring. B.He wished to call “fu wu yuan” in a restaurant. C.He was unable to accept American life. D.He needed to adjust himself to his native life. [二次精读] 重点单词 frustration /frʌ'streɪʃ(ə)n/ n.　沮丧；挫败 optimistic /ˌɒptɪ'mɪstɪk/ adj. 乐观的，乐观主义的 clumsy /'klʌmzi/ adj. 笨拙的，不灵活的 opposite /'ɒpəzɪt/ adj. 完全相反的，截然不同的 重点短语 go through　经历，经受 be familiar with 熟悉…… apply to 适用于 develop an interest in 对……产生兴趣 语块积累 a broad term for　　　　　　　广义术语 lose my self­confidence 失去自信 pick up some language skills 学习一些语言技能 pursue a PhD at university 在大学攻读博士学位 come to realize 逐渐明白或认识到 长难句分析 Culture shock is a broad term for a series of personal difficulties that people go through in new places and is usually most extreme for those who can not speak the language of the place they have moved to or for those who aren't familiar with the social rules. 文化冲击是一个广义的术语，指的是人们在新地方经历的一系列个人困难，对于那些不会说他们搬到的地方的语言或不熟悉社会规则的人来说，这通常是最极端的。 【分析】　这是一个主从复合句。主句为Culture shock is a broad term for a series of personal difficulties，整个句子含有四个定语从句。第一个是that 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词personal difficulties，第二个是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those，第三个定语从句是they have moved to，这个句子省略了引导词that或which，第四个是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those。 【背景知识】 Culture Shock文化冲击，又译文化震撼，主要是来自两个不同文化差异。可以发生在任何时候、任何新环境中。当你到达一个地方觉得很陌生、很困惑，不知道自己的角色是什么、应定位在哪里，应怎么表现才恰当，觉得很不舒服、很不自在时，就是shock。好像过去所有的经验在刹那间突然短路。很多时候，文化冲击会引起身体上的一些症状，如头痛、胃口不好、睡眠失调或者心理上的焦虑、沮丧。 几乎每一个留学生都经历过文化冲击，只是有时当事人并不清楚知道自己正在经历或曾经有过。其实文化冲击并不是指突发一次即结束的“shock”的感觉，而是在一段时间内，密集式的有强有弱的震惊、仓惶和被冲击到的感觉。过去的文化背景和新文化差异愈大时，冲击的感觉会愈强且愈密集。文化冲击的开始到结束，其实就是一个逐渐适应新文化的过程。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·福建漳州高二上期末) Why Experiencing a New Culture Is Good for You Often the best way to really explore a new place and culture is by spending abundant time there. A quick vacation may give you a glimpse(瞥) into your destination. __1__. These opportunities provide a support network as you adjust to new surroundings. Dealing with culture shock Culture shock is a response to your new surroundings when abroad that can leave you confused, anxious and feeling lonely. It generally includes frustration at how even the simplest things can be different in the new culture. The thing is though, culture shock can be seen as a problem but also as an opportunity.__2__. __3__ Perhaps the most obvious lesson learned with travel is the importance of language. Even just learning the basics of the local language can make getting about and making new friends easier. Trying to overcome the language barrier also teaches you about non­verbal communication. Since you can't rely on what is being said, you learn to adapt, to people's tone and body language. This makes you a better communicator. Finding inspiration __4__. In each of these creative fields you may come across new approaches or elements that you bring home with you; maybe it's a certain combination of ingredients that you add to your cooking or a new style you adopt for your own home's design. Meeting new people Meeting people and making friends while overseas is both a necessity and one of the most enjoyable aspects of the experience.__5__， which enables you to meet people that you never would have known otherwise. You may be exposed to people from different walks of life, find a similar spirit, or both at the same time. A.Learning language skills B.Developing body language C.So you're less likely to further experience a new culture D.Travelling to new cultures is a great way to expand your social circle E.Experiencing the local culture can expose you to local art, cuisine, architecture, etc F.Only by adjusting to and accepting new surroundings can you understand and appreciate it G.But experiences like student or work exchange programs allow you to immerse(沉浸) in a new culture Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·河南高二上期中)Cultural exchanges and mutual (相互的) learning are key to improving understanding among people from different nations, 1.________ (especial) at a time when the world is undergoing great changes, said speakers from home and abroad during the 2023 Beijing Culture Forum (论坛) on Friday. Qu Yingpu, editor­in­chief of China Daily, stressed the need 2.________(build) platforms jointly for exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations, carry forward the Silk Road spirit and promote 3.________(share) values for all mankind so as to allow the world to better understand Chinese culture and advance 4.________ progress of human civilization. Stelios Virvidakis, president of the Steering Committee of the Center of Greek and Chinese Ancient Civilizations, said in a video speech that he hoped mutual learning and cooperation between Greece and China could 5.________ (strengthen) further and the study of each other's languages, culture and history better promoted. He added Greek universities would have more Chinese language courses and Sinology classes 6.________ the near future. Nobel 7.________(win) Mo Yan highlighted writers' roles in promoting Chinese culture to the world. For him, quality literary works transcend (超越) time and space, and the ultimate goal of 8.________(author) and playwrights is to show human nature and shape vivid human images through stories and other artistic measures. “When a writer has composed a good work, its introduction to foreign readers will be a natural process，” he said. More than 50 project agreements 9.________(concern) publishing, film­making, scientific technology, cultural heritage and other cultural undertakings were signed during the two­day forum 10.________ began on Thursday. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ [读与练·阅读限时训练三] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着出国学习和工作的机会增多，科学家可能会面临适应不同沟通方式和不同工作场所的挑战。主管和初级研究人员可以通过积极了解彼此的文化并明确表达工作场所的期望来减少误解的风险。 1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“然而，主管和初级研究人员可以通过积极了解彼此的文化并明确表达工作场所的期望来减少误解的风险”可知，根据第一段，出国的人通过学习不同的文化和表达对工作的期望避免误解。故选D。 2.C　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Nanda Dimitrov，伦敦西部大学教学支持中心主任说，她个人在英国比在美国更经常感受到直率。”可知，Nanda的经历告诉我们英国人比美国人更直接。故选C。 3.A　细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“但是德国的文化总是鼓励你去争论，去为自己而战”可知，德国人更喜欢尽力支持自己的观点。故选A。 4.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句“Amratia说：‘研究人员还应该记住，他们国家的习俗并不一定是最好的。当你来自不同的国家时，你不要想着每个人都应该按照自己的方式做事。我从不在乎是否有人和我不同，只要这不会严重影响实验室的其他人。’”可知，Amratia建议尊重他人的不同文化。故选B。 B [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究：文化冲击情境下的深度学习能激发创造力——研究发现，理解异国文化差异及其成因，而非仅观察不同，可促进思维方式的转变与创新思维的提升。 5.D　推理判断题。由第一段“讨厌的东西！鸡血溅到地板上，昆虫飞得到处都是。印度老妇人挥动着屠刀。你说不出话来。你几个月前搬到印度的朋友注意到了你的恐惧。‘这只是他们做的事情，’他澄清道”和第二段“你听说住在国外对你有好处。这样的经历会让你说：‘真的吗？’”可知，第一段描述了一个在市场中发生的可能让某些人感到不适的场景，其目的是作为引子，引起读者的好奇心，进而引导他们关注接下来关于文化体验对个人影响的探讨。故选D。 6.C　推理判断题。由第五段“Maddux和他的团队发现，深入了解你遇到的新文化是获得认知奖励的关键。研究小组对长期居住在国外的人做了一系列实验。他们让这些旅居者回忆他们在国外的经历：了解了他们在国外生活的文化；对自己的文化有所了解；做一些不相关的事情(比如逛超市)。那些回忆起学习新文化的人在随后的创造性问题解决任务中表现得更好”可推知，研究人员通过让旅居者回忆他们的经历发现了文化体验带来的好处。故选C。 7.C　推理判断题。由第六段“Maddux和他的团队想知道。学习新的文化总是有帮助吗？仅仅注意到另一种文化的不同就足够了吗？在另一个实验中，他们让一组人回忆一段经历，在那里他们学到了一些关于外国文化的新东西，但却不知道为什么”和第七段“那些后来意识到他们所遇到的新奇、不同或意想不到的行为背后隐藏的原因的人，事后比那些没有意识到的人更有创造力”可知，实验显示，那些后来了解到他们遇到的新奇、不同或意外行为背后隐藏原因的人比没有了解到这些原因的人更具创造性。由此推知，理解文化差异存在的原因是提升创造力的关键。故选C。 8.D　推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由第四段“研究人员William Maddux和Hajo Adam不仅发现了文化体验对你有好处，还发现了为什么文化体验对你有好处。文化体验可以让你更有创造力”可知，文章介绍了一项新的研究：文化冲击情境下的深度学习能激发创造力——研究发现，理解异国文化差异及其成因，而非仅观察不同，可促进思维方式的转变与创新思维的提升。文章内容涉及科学研究，特别是关于文化体验如何影响个人创造力的研究。由此推知，本文最有可能出现在科学杂志上。故选D。 C [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在中国期间经历的文化冲击的四个阶段：蜜月期、沮丧期、调整期和接受期。回到美国后，作者又经历了“反向”文化冲击。 9.B　推理判断题。根据第三段“到第一年结束时，我完全失去了自信，我变得有点笨拙和敏感，我认为是中国让我变成这样的。”可以推论出，此处作者主要描述了文化冲击的“沮丧期”阶段。故选B。 10.C　细节理解题。根据第四段“然后在我的第二年，我开始学习一些语言技能，在我的业余时间做我发现的有趣的活动。我交了很多外国和中国的朋友，后来我对中国的历史和文化产生了兴趣。基于以上，我学会了认为自己是一个自信和快乐的外国人。”可知，学习汉语、结交当地的朋友、参加有趣的活动，能帮助作者缓解他在中国的文化冲击，让他渐渐对中国历史和文化产生兴趣。文章中没有提到参加历史课程的学习。由此可知，学习历史课程对缓解文化冲击没有什么帮助。故选C。 11.D　词句猜测题。根据画线单词后面的部分“experiencing the four stages in the opposite order (以相反的顺序经历这四个阶段)”可知，在美国，作者又经历了“反向”文化冲击，所以画线单词reverse的意义为“反向的”。故选D。 12.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“但最终我意识到，当我不在的时候，我的家已经变成了一个全新的地方。”可以推论出，作者需要调整自己以适应家乡的生活。故选D。 Ⅱ.七选五 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了体验一种新的文化的好处。 1.G　上文提出探索一个新的地方和文化的最好方法是在那里度过大量的时间，短暂度假只能让你对目的地有个初步了解，G项“但是像学生或工作交换项目这样的经历可以让你沉浸在一种新的文化中。”给出两种能让人沉浸在一种新的文化中的方式：学生或工作交换项目，与上文中“A quick vacation”构成转折关系，上下文语意连贯。故选G。 2.F　上文介绍了什么是文化冲击，结合段首标题“Dealing with culture shock(应对文化冲击)”可知本段最终要说明如果应对文化冲击，F项“只有适应和接受新的环境，你才能理解和欣赏它。”给出应对文化冲击的办法“by adjusting to and accepting new surroundings”，照应主题。故选F。 3.A　这里为本段小标题。根据下文可知，本段主要介绍语言对体验新文化的重要性。所以A项“Learning language skills (学习语言技能)”是最佳主题句。故选A。 4.E　根据后面可知，本段介绍通过当地的艺术、美食、建筑等方面来体验新的文化。所以E项“体验当地文化可以让你接触到当地的艺术、美食、建筑等。”符合上下文语境。故选E。 5.D　根据前句可知，通过社交，结交朋友是体验新文化的好方法。所以D项“到新的文化中旅行是扩大你的社交圈的好方法，”符合上下文语境。故选D。 Ⅲ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了来自国内外的演讲人在2023年北京文化论坛上分别发表见解，表示在世界正在发生巨大变化的时候，文化交流和互利共赢是增进不同国家人民之间理解的关键，并签署了有关文化的项目协议。 1.especially　考查副词。句意：周五，来自国内外的演讲人在2023年北京文化论坛上表示，文化交流和互利共赢是增进不同国家人民之间理解的关键，尤其是在世界正在发生巨大变化的时候。副词especially(尤其)作状语，修饰后面的介词短语at a time...。故填especially。 2.to build　考查不定式。句意：《中国日报》总编辑曲莹璞强调，要共建文明交流互鉴平台，弘扬丝绸之路精神，弘扬全人类共同价值观，让世界更好地了解中华文化，推动人类文明进步。the need to do sth(做某事的需要)，build用不定式形式作后置定语。故填to build。 3.shared　考查形容词。句意：《中国日报》总编辑曲莹璞强调，要共建文明交流互鉴平台，弘扬丝绸之路精神，弘扬全人类共同价值观，让世界更好地了解中华文化，推动人类文明进步。形容词shared(分享的，共有的)作定语，修饰名词values。故填shared。 4.the　考查定冠词。句意：《中国日报》总编辑曲莹璞强调，要共建文明交流互鉴平台，弘扬丝绸之路精神，弘扬全人类共同价值观，让世界更好地了解中华文化，推动人类文明进步。特指“人类文明进步”，用定冠词the。故填the。 5.be strengthened　考查语态。句意：希腊和中国古代文明中心指导委员会主席Stelios Virvidakis在视频讲话中表示，希望希中两国进一步加强相互学习与合作，更好地促进对彼此语言、文化和历史的研究。宾语从句主语mutual learning and cooperation between Greece and China和从句谓语动词strengthen是被动关系，结合情态动词could，用情态动词的被动语态(could be done)。故填be strengthened。 6.in　考查固定短语。句意：他补充说，在不久的将来，希腊大学将开设更多的汉语课程和汉学课程。in the near future(在不久的将来)。故填in。 7.winner　考查名词。句意：诺贝尔文学奖得主莫言强调了作家在向世界宣传中国文化方面的作用。此处指诺贝尔文学奖得主，结合Mo Yan，用名词winner(赢家)的单数形式。故填winner。 8.authors　考查名词。句意：对他来说，高质量的文学作品超越了时间和空间，作家和剧作家的最终目标是通过故事等艺术手段展现人性，塑造生动的人类形象。结合后面并列的复数名词playwrights，不只一位作家，用可数名词author的复数形式。故填authors。 9.concerning　考查介词。句意：在周四开始的为期两天的论坛上，签署了50多个涉及出版、电影制作、科学技术、文化遗产和其他文化事业的项目协议。“介词concerning(关于，涉及)＋名词(短语)”作后置定语，修饰名词短语project agreements。故填concerning。 10.which/that　考查定语从句关系词。句意：在周四开始的为期两天的论坛上，签署了50多个涉及出版、电影制作、科学技术、文化遗产和其他文化事业的项目协议。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是forum，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$