UNIT1 单元话题阅读一（Word练习）-【拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

(材料选自外研版新教材必修第三册 Unit 3) ◎ FRANKLIN'S EXPERIMENT①： How Much Is True? Benjamin Franklin's famous experiment with lightning has introduced generations② of children to science. [1]However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction③ instead of④ fact. [2]The well­known story is that the American Founding Father and scientist flew a kite⑤ during a storm in 1752. At that time, there was much interest in electricity⑥. [3]People wanted to know if lightning⑦ was really produced by electricity or something else. Franklin was one of them. He raised the kite with a piece of string⑧ tied to⑨ it. A metal⑩ key was attached⑪ to the string.A flash⑫ of lightning hit⑬ the kite, and electricity was conducted⑭ through the string to the key.Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock⑮. This, he said, proved that lightning was a form of electricity. For many years, schools have taught the story of Franklin's lightning experiment. More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery⑯ and his scientific approach⑰ to looking for the truth. [4]Franklin, along with⑱ many other scientists，has inspired us and taught us that scientific⑲ experiments are important in order to establish⑳ the truth and to contributeB21 towards later scientific discoveries and inventions. [1]本句是主从复合句。其中that引导宾语从句；suggests在此处意为“表明”，其后的宾语从句不需要用虚拟语气。 [2]本句是主从复合句。其中that引导表语从句。 [3]if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”。 [4]本句是主从复合句。句中that引导宾语从句；in order to establish the truth and to contribute ...在从句中作目的状语。 However, neither the story nor the detailsB22 of the experiment are entirelyB23 true. [5]Although it has been proved that Franklin's experiment took placeB24，more than one scientist has questioned what really happened. The detail about the string and the key is true. But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died fromB25 the electric shock. Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts. Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton's head and led him to come up withB26 his theoryB27 of gravityB28. [6]In fact, more than one accountB29 suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proofB30 that it hit him on the head. AdmittedlyB31, fiction is often more interesting than the truth. People have been more inspired by Franklin's spiritB32 of scientific explorationB33 than by the facts themselves. [7]But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear — even if it is a great story. [5]本句是主从复合句。句中Although引导让步状语从句，其中that引导主语从句，it作形式主语； what引导宾语从句。 [6]本句是主从复合句。that while Newton ...on the head是that 引导的宾语从句；while引导让步状语从句，that it hit him on the head是that 引导的同位语从句。 [7]本句是并列复合句。第二个and连接两个并列分句；在第二个分句中，not和always连用表示部分否定，we read or hear是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词everything；even if引导让步状语从句。,◎ ①experiment /ɪk'sperɪmənt/n.(科学)实验 ②generation /ˌdʒenə'reɪʃ(ə)n/n.一代人；同辈人 ③fiction /'fɪkʃ(ə)n/ n.虚构的事，想象的事 ④instead of 而不是；代替 ⑤fly a kite 放风筝 ⑥electricity /ɪˌlek'trɪsəti/ n.电 electrical adj.电的；用电的；发电 ⑦lightning /'laɪtnɪ/ n.闪电 ⑧string /strɪ/ n.线；细绳；一串；一系列v.悬挂；系；扎 ⑨tie...to...把……系在……上 ⑩metal /'met(ə)l/ n.金属 ⑪attach /ə'tætʃ/ v.系，绑；贴 be attached to被固定到/附在……上 ⑫flash /flæʃ/ n.闪光 ⑬hit/hɪt / (hit, hit) v.打；击；碰撞 ⑭conduct /kən'dʌkt/ v.导(热、电) ⑮electric shock 电击 ⑯bravery /'breɪvəri/ n.勇气 brave adj.勇敢的 ⑰approach /ə'prəʊtʃ/ n.方式；方法；态度 v.靠近；接近 ⑱along with 和……一起 ⑲scientific /ˌsaɪən'tɪfɪk/adj.科学(上)的 scientific experiment 科学实验 ⑳establish /ɪ'stæblɪʃ/ v.确定，证实；建立，创立 establishment n.创立；建立；建设 contribute /kən'trɪbjuːt/ v.贡献；捐赠；增进 contribute towards 有助于，为……作贡献/捐助 detail /'diːteɪl/ n.细节；琐事；消息 entirely /ɪn'tɑɪəli/ adv.完全地，彻底地 entire adj.完全的；整个的 take place 发生 die from 死于 come up with 提出；想出 theory /'θɪəri/ n.学说，理论 gravity /'ɡrævəti/ n.重力，引力 account /ə'kaʊnt/ n.记述，描述 v.认为是；视为 account for 解释；说明 proof /pruːf/ n.证明，证据 prove v.证明，证实 admittedly /əd'mɪtɪdli/adv.诚然，确实 spirit /'spɪrɪt/ n.精神，心灵；情绪，心境 exploration /ˌeksplə'reɪʃ(ə)n/n.探索；探究；探测 explore v.探索；探究；探测 ◎ 富兰克林的实验：有多少是真的？ 本杰明·富兰克林关于闪电的著名实验已引领一代又一代的儿童迈入科学世界。然而，新的研究显示，这个故事可能是虚构的，而并非事实。 这一广为人知的故事讲述了这位美国开国元勋和科学家在1752年的一场暴风雨中放风筝的经历。那时，不少人对电感兴趣。人们想知道闪电是否真的由电产生，还是另有源头。富兰克林就是其中之一。他在风筝上系了一根细绳，把风筝放上天，细绳上绑着一把金属钥匙。闪电击中风筝，电流通过绳子传导到钥匙上，富兰克林随即用手指触碰钥匙，感受到了电击。他说，这一实验证明了闪电是电的一种形式。 许多年来，富兰克林闪电实验的故事一直是学校的教学内容之一。数代学生都叹服于富兰克林的勇气与追寻真理时采用的科学手段。富兰克林与许多其他科学家激励并教导我们科学实验对于推定真理与推动科学发现及发明而言都至关重要。 然而，不管是故事本身还是实验细节都并非完全属实。虽然已证实富兰克林的这一实验确有其事，不少科学家还是对事实真相提出了质疑。使用细绳和钥匙这一细节是真实的，但科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的碰到了钥匙，他必定会被电死。 科学家们常常对已被人们接受的观点提出疑问，以求证事实。一些科学家甚至也怀疑过牛顿的故事：一个苹果掉下来砸中了牛顿的脑袋，促使他提出了万有引力定律。事实上，不止一处资料显示，虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于一个掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。 诚然，虚构常常比事实更为有趣。人们更多是为富兰克林的科学探索精神所激励，而非事实本身。但在科学领域，能被实验与研究所证明的东西才算作事实，我们不应全盘相信我们读到或听到的事——即使它是一个精彩的故事。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$