UNIT1 用英语介绍中国（Word练习）-【拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第二册（人教版2019）

1.Papermaking, Printing, Gunpowder, and Compass have changed the face and state of the world. 造纸术、印刷术、火药和指南针改变了整个世界的面貌和状态。 2.The concept of Four Great Inventions was put forward by European scholars and later accepted by the Chinese. 四大发明的概念是由欧洲学者提出来的，后来被中国人接纳。 3.(1)The Four Great Inventions 四大发明 (2)The Four Great Inventions of ancient China are praised in Chinese culture for their historical significance and serve as symbols (象征) of Chinese advanced science and technology in ancient times. The Four Great Inventions are: Papermaking, Printing, Gunpowder and Compass. 中国古代四大发明因其在历史上的重大意义而在中国文化中备受歌颂，并成为中国古代先进科技的象征。四大发明是造纸术、印刷术、火药和指南针。 词汇积累 ①compass n. 罗盘；指南针 ②concept n. 概念；观点 ③significance n. 意义；重要性 Papermaking 造纸术 Before the invention of paper, bones, tortoise shells, and bamboo slips were all used as writing surfaces. In 105 A.D.Cai Lun of the Eastern Han Dynasty, invented paper from worn fishnet, bark and cloth. These raw materials could be easily found at a much lower cost so large quantities of paper could be produced.Later, the technique of papermaking was introduced to other parts of the world, such as Korea, Japan, and Europe. 在造纸术发明之前，人们在骨头、龟壳和竹简上面写字。到公元105年，东汉的蔡伦用旧的网眼织物、树皮和布片来造纸。这些常见而价格低廉的造纸材料让纸的产量大增。后来，造纸术被传到世界上的其他地区，例如韩国、日本和欧洲。 Printing 印刷术 Chinese people invented fixed­type engraved printing around 600 A.D. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Bi Sheng invented moveable, reusable clay type after numerous tests. These types could be used again and again for different books. 大约在公元600年，中国人发明了雕版印刷。在北宋年间，毕昇在无数次实践后发明了可移动并可重复使用的用胶泥制作而成的活字。这些活字能够重复利用，可以印刷各种不同的书。 Gunpowder 火药 In Chinese, gunpowder is called huo yao, meaning flaming medicine. It was first invented inadvertently by alchemists (炼金术士) while trying to make an elixir (长生不老药). It was a mixture of sulphur (硫磺), saltpeter (硝石), and charcoal. In the 12th and 13th centuries, gunpowder was spread to the Arab countries, then Greece, other European countries, and finally all over the world. 在汉语中，火药读作“huo yao”，意思是“燃烧的药品”。炼金术士在尝试炼制长生不老药时，无意间发明了火药。火药是硫磺、硝石和木炭的混合物。在12至13世纪，火药被传到阿拉伯国家、希腊以及欧洲的其他国家，最后传遍全世界。 Compass 指南针 During the Warring State Period, a device called Si Nan became the forerunner (先驱) of the compass. In the 11th century, tiny needles made of magnetized steel were invented. One end of the needle (指针) points north while the other points south. The compass was created. 战国时期，一种叫“司南”的小装置成了指南针的前身。在11世纪，人们发明了微型磁铁针。用细小的磁铁针做成的装置，指针的一端指向北方，另一端则指向南方。真正意义上的指南针被制造出来了。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$